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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In-context_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-context_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In-context examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-context_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_microformats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_microformats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Specific microformats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_microformats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evaluation</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_alternative_approaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Comparison with alternative approaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_alternative_approaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microformats_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microformats_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Microformats 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microformats_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ميكروفورمات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميكروفورمات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोफार्मेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माइक्रोफार्मेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroform%C3%A1t" title="Mikroformát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikroformát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Microformat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformat" title="Mikroformat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikroformat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformato" title="Microformato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microformato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformatoj" title="Mikroformatoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mikroformatoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformatu" title="Mikroformatu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikroformatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA" title="میکروفرمت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروفرمت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microformat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8F%AC%EB%A7%B7" title="마이크로포맷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이크로포맷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microformat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroform%C4%81ti" title="Mikroformāti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mikroformāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്രോഫോർമാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്രോഫോർമാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microformat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="マイクロフォーマット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイクロフォーマット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformato" title="Microformato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microformato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Микроформат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микроформат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Microformat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroform%C3%A1t" title="Mikroformát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mikroformát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformat" title="Mikroformat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mikroformat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformat" title="Mikroformat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikroformat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="మైక్రోఫార్మాట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైక్రోఫార్మాట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroformat" title="Mikroformat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikroformat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мікроформат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікроформат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="微格式 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="微格式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: <b>virtually all of the content is from the late 2000s</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Microformats</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Microformat-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microformat-logo.png/220px-Microformat-logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microformat-logo.png/330px-Microformat-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microformat-logo.png/440px-Microformat-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">μF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">Microformats2<br />May 2010<span class="noprint">; 14 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata (HTML)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">RDF Schema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://microformats.org/">microformats<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Microformats</b> (<b>μF</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a set of defined <a href="/wiki/HTML_classes" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML classes">HTML classes</a> created to serve as consistent and descriptive <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> about an <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">element</a>, designating it as representing a certain type of data (such as <a href="/wiki/Address_book" title="Address book">contact information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">geographic coordinates</a>, events, blog posts, products, recipes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They allow <a href="/wiki/Software_agent" title="Software agent">software</a> to process the information reliably by having set classes refer to a specific type of data rather than being arbitrary. </p><p>Microformats emerged around 2005 and were predominantly designed for use by search engines, <a href="/wiki/Web_syndication" title="Web syndication">web syndication</a> and <a href="/wiki/News_aggregator" title="News aggregator">aggregators</a> such as <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google confirmed in 2020 that it still parses microformats for use in content indexing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microformats are referenced in several W3C social web specifications, including IndieAuth <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Webmention.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the content of web pages has been capable of some "automated processing" since the inception of the web, such processing is difficult because the <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup elements</a> used to display information on the web do not describe what the information means.<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microformats can bridge this gap by attaching <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a>, and thereby obviating other, more complicated, methods of automated processing, such as <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Screen_scraping" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen scraping">screen scraping</a>. The use, adoption and processing of microformats enables data items to be indexed, searched for, saved or cross-referenced, so that information can be reused or combined.<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton000_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, microformats allow the encoding and extraction of event details, contact information, social relationships and similar information. </p><p>Microformats2, abbreviated as mf2, is the updated version of microformats. Mf2 provides a more easy way of interpreting <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> structured syntax and vocabularies than the earlier ways that made use of RDFa and microdata.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microformats emerged around 2005<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of a grassroots movement to make recognizable data items (such as events, contact details or geographical locations) capable of automated processing by software, as well as directly readable by end-users.<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton000_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Link-based microformats emerged first. These include vote links that express opinions of the linked page, which search engines can tally into instant polls.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CommerceNet" title="CommerceNet">CommerceNet</a>, a nonprofit organization that promotes <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> on the Internet, has helped sponsor and promote the technology and support the microformats community in various ways.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CommerceNet also helped co-found the Microformats.org community site.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither CommerceNet nor Microformats.org operates as a <a href="/wiki/Standards_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards body">standards body</a>. The microformats community functions through an open <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a>, a mailing list, and an Internet relay chat (<a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>) channel.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the existing microformats originated at the Microformats.org wiki and the associated mailing list<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by a process of gathering examples of web-publishing behaviour, then codifying it. Some other microformats (such as <a href="/wiki/Nofollow" title="Nofollow">rel=nofollow</a> and <a href="/wiki/UnAPI" title="UnAPI">unAPI</a>) have been proposed, or developed, elsewhere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_overview">Technical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> and HTML standards allow for the embedding and encoding of semantics within the <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">attributes of markup elements</a>. Microformats take advantage of these standards by indicating the presence of metadata using the following attributes: </p> <dl><dt><code>class</code></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">Classname</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><code>rel</code></dt> <dd>relationship, description of the target address in an anchor-element (<code><a href=... rel=...>...</a></code>)</dd></dl> <dl><dt><code>rev</code></dt> <dd>reverse relationship, description of the referenced document (in one case, otherwise deprecated in microformats<sup id="cite_ref-uF-rel-faq_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uF-rel-faq-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</dd></dl> <p>For example, in the text "The birds roosted at <span class="geo"><span class="latitude">52.48</span>, <span class="longitude">-1.89</span></span>" is a pair of numbers which may be understood, from their context, to be a set of <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">geographic coordinates</a>. With wrapping in <a href="/wiki/Span_and_div" class="mw-redirect" title="Span and div">spans</a> (or other HTML elements) with specific class names (in this case <code>geo</code>, <code>latitude</code> and <code>longitude</code>, all part of the <a href="/wiki/Geo_(microformat)" title="Geo (microformat)">geo microformat</a> specification): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>The<span class="w"> </span>birds<span class="w"> </span>roosted<span class="w"> </span>at <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"geo"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"latitude"</span><span class="nt">></span>52.48<span class="nt"></span></span>, <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"longitude"</span><span class="nt">></span>-1.89<span class="nt"></span></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></span></span> </pre></div> <p>software agents can recognize exactly what each value represents and can then perform a variety of tasks such as indexing, locating it on a map and exporting it to a <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this example, the contact information is presented as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><ul></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li></span>Joe<span class="w"> </span>Doe<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li></span>The<span class="w"> </span>Example<span class="w"> </span>Company<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li></span>604-555-1234<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li><a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">href=</span><span class="s">"http://example.com/"</span><span class="nt">></span>http://example.com/<span class="nt"></a></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></ul></span> </pre></div> <p>With hCard microformat markup, that becomes: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><ul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"vcard"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"fn"</span><span class="nt">></span>Joe<span class="w"> </span>Doe<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org"</span><span class="nt">></span>The<span class="w"> </span>Example<span class="w"> </span>Company<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"tel"</span><span class="nt">></span>604-555-1234<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li><a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"url"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">href=</span><span class="s">"http://example.com/"</span><span class="nt">></span>http://example.com/<span class="nt"></a></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></ul></span> </pre></div> <p>Here, the formatted name (<code>fn</code>), organisation (<code>org</code>), telephone number (<code>tel</code>) and <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">web address</a> (<code>url</code>) have been identified using specific class names and the whole thing is wrapped in <code>class="vcard"</code>, which indicates that the other classes form an hCard (short for "HTML <a href="/wiki/VCard" title="VCard">vCard</a>") and are not merely coincidentally named. Other, optional, hCard classes also exist. Software, such as browser plug-ins, can now extract the information, and transfer it to other applications, such as an address book. </p> <div class="noprint"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-context_examples">In-context examples</h3></div> <p>For annotated examples of microformats on live pages, see <a href="/wiki/HCard#Live_example" title="HCard">HCard#Live example</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geo_(microformat)#Usage" title="Geo (microformat)">Geo (microformat)#Usage</a>. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_microformats">Specific microformats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specific microformats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several microformats have been developed to enable semantic markup of particular types of information. However, only hCard and hCalendar have been ratified, the others remaining as drafts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAtom" title="HAtom">hAtom</a> (superseded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=H-entry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H-entry (page does not exist)">h-entry</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=H-feed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H-feed (page does not exist)">h-feed</a>) – for marking up <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a> feeds from within standard HTML</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCalendar" title="HCalendar">hCalendar</a> – for events</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCard" title="HCard">hCard</a> – for contact information; includes: <ul><li>adr – for postal addresses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(microformat)" title="Geo (microformat)">geo</a> – for geographical coordinates (<a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>hMedia – for audio/video content<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>hAudio – for audio content</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HNews" title="HNews">hNews</a> – for news content</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HProduct" title="HProduct">hProduct</a> – for products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRecipe" title="HRecipe">hRecipe</a> – for recipes and foodstuffs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HReview" title="HReview">hReview</a> – for reviews</li> <li>rel-<a href="/wiki/Directory_(file_systems)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory (file systems)">directory</a> – for distributed directory creation and inclusion<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>rel-enclosure – for multimedia attachments to web pages<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>rel-license – specification of copyright license<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>rel-<a href="/wiki/Nofollow" title="Nofollow">nofollow</a>, an attempt to discourage third-party content spam (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Spam_in_blogs" title="Spam in blogs">spam in blogs</a>)</li> <li>rel-<a href="/wiki/Tag_(metadata)" title="Tag (metadata)">tag</a> – for decentralized tagging (<a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">Folksonomy</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Friends_Network" title="XHTML Friends Network">XHTML Friends Network</a> (XFN) – for social relationships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOXO_(microformat)" title="XOXO (microformat)">XOXO</a> – for lists and outlines</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using microformats within HTML code provides additional formatting and semantic data that applications can use. For example, applications such as <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web crawlers</a> can collect data about online resources, or desktop applications such as e-mail clients or scheduling software can compile details. The use of microformats can also facilitate "mash ups" such as exporting all of the geographical locations on a web page into (for example) <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> to visualize them spatially. </p><p>Several browser extensions, such as <a href="/wiki/Operator_(extension)" title="Operator (extension)">Operator</a> for <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> and Oomph for <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, provide the ability to detect microformats within an HTML document. When hCard or hCalendar are involved, such browser extensions allow microformats to be exported into formats compatible with contact management and calendar utilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a>. When dealing with geographical coordinates, they allow the location to be sent to applications such as <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_query_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! query language">Yahoo! Query Language</a> can be used to extract microformats from web pages.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 May 2009 <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google</a> announced that they would be parsing the hCard, hReview and hProduct microformats, and using them to populate search result pages.<sup id="cite_ref-Rich-Snippets_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rich-Snippets-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They subsequently extended this in 2010 to use hCalendar for events and hRecipe for cookery recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-Google-recipes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Google-recipes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, microformats are also processed by <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bing_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bing-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-YSearch_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YSearch-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of late 2010, these are the world's top three search engines.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> said in 2006 that they needed to incorporate microformats into upcoming projects,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did other software companies. </p><p>Alex Faaborg summarizes the arguments for putting the responsibility for microformat user interfaces in the web browser rather than making more complicated HTML:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Only the web browser knows what applications are accessible to the user and what the user's preferences are</li> <li>It lowers the barrier to entry for web site developers if they only need to do the markup and not handle "appearance" or "action" issues</li> <li>Retains backwards compatibility with web browsers that do not support microformats</li> <li>The web browser presents a single point of entry from the web to the user's computer, which simplifies security issues</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evaluation">Evaluation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evaluation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various commentators have offered review and discussion on the design principles and practical aspects of microformats. Microformats have been compared to other approaches that seek to serve the same or similar purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-criticism000_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticism000-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there had been some criticism of one, or all, microformats.<sup id="cite_ref-criticism000_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticism000-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spread and use of microformats was being advocated as of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-advocacy000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advocacy000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spread000_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spread000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Opera_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Software">Opera Software</a> CTO and <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> creator <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Wium_Lie" title="Håkon Wium Lie">Håkon Wium Lie</a> said in 2005 "We will also see a bunch of microformats being developed, and that’s how the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">semantic web</a> will be built, I believe."<sup id="cite_ref-advocacy001_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advocacy001-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in August 2008 Toby Inkster, author of the "Swignition" (formerly "Cognition") microformat parsing service, pointed out that no new microformat specifications had been published since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-threeyears_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-threeyears-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_principles">Design principles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Computer scientist and entrepreneur, <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Khare" title="Rohit Khare">Rohit Khare</a> stated that <i>reduce, reuse, and recycle</i> is "shorthand for several design principles" that motivated the development and practices behind microformats.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71–72">: 71–72 </span></sup> These aspects can be summarized as follows: </p> <ul><li>Reduce: favor the simplest solutions and focus attention on specific problems;</li> <li>Reuse: work from experience and favor examples of current practice;</li> <li>Recycle: encourage modularity and the ability to embed, valid XHTML can be reused in blog posts, <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> feeds, and anywhere else you can access the web.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because some microformats make use of title attribute of HTML's <code class="nowrap" style=""><abbr></code> element to conceal <a href="/wiki/Machine-readable_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine-readable data">machine-readable data</a> (particularly date-times and geographical coordinates) in the "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microformats.org/wiki/abbr-design-pattern">abbr design pattern</a>", the plain text content of the element is inaccessible to <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen readers</a> that expand abbreviations.<sup id="cite_ref-ATF_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATF-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2008 the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> announced that it would be dropping use of microformats using the <code>abbr</code> design pattern because of accessibility concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCabbr_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCabbr-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_alternative_approaches">Comparison with alternative approaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Comparison with alternative approaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microformats are not the only solution for providing "more intelligent data" on the web; alternative approaches are used and are under development. For example, the use of <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> markup and standards of the Semantic Web are cited as alternative approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some contrast these with microformats in that they do not necessarily coincide with the design principles of "reduce, reuse, and recycle", at least not to the same extent.<sup id="cite_ref-Khare000_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khare000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> One advocate of microformats, <a href="/wiki/Tantek_%C3%87elik" title="Tantek Çelik">Tantek Çelik</a>, characterized a problem with alternative approaches: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Here's a new language we want you to learn, and now you need to output these additional files on your server. It's a hassle. (Microformats) lower the barrier to entry.<sup id="cite_ref-Wharton000_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>For some applications the use of other approaches may be valid. If the type of data to be described does not map to an existing microformat, <a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a> can embed arbitrary vocabularies into HTML, such as for example domain-specific scientific data such as zoological or chemical data for which there is no microformat. Standards such as W3C's <a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">GRDDL</a> allow microformats to be converted into data compatible with the Semantic Web.<sup id="cite_ref-King007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Another advocate of microformats, Ryan King, put the compatibility of microformats with other approaches this way: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Microformats provide an easy way for many people to contribute semantic data to the web. With GRDDL all of that data is made available for RDF Semantic Web tools. Microformats and GRDDL can work together to build a better web.<sup id="cite_ref-King007_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microformats_2">Microformats 2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Microformats 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microformats2 was proposed and discussed during FOOEast, 2010-05-02.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microformats2 was intended to make it easier for authors to publish microformats and for developers to consume them, while remaining backwards compatible<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using microformats2, the example above would be marked up as: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>The<span class="w"> </span>birds<span class="w"> </span>roosted<span class="w"> </span>at <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"h-geo geo"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"p-latitude latitude"</span><span class="nt">></span>52.48<span class="nt"></span></span>, <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><span</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"p-longitude longitude"</span><span class="nt">></span>-1.89<span class="nt"></span></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></span></span> </pre></div> <p>and: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><ul</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"h-card vcard"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"p-name fn"</span><span class="nt">></span>Joe<span class="w"> </span>Doe<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"p-org org"</span><span class="nt">></span>The<span class="w"> </span>Example<span class="w"> </span>Company<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"p-tel tel"</span><span class="nt">></span>604-555-1234<span class="nt"></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><li><a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"u-url url"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">href=</span><span class="s">"http://example.com/"</span><span class="nt">></span>http://example.com/<span class="nt"></a></li></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></ul></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_RDF" title="Embedded RDF">Embedded RDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata (HTML)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_agent" title="Intelligent agent">Intelligent agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="RDFa Lite">RDFa Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5_(file_format)" title="S5 (file format)">S5 (file format)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_HTML_Ontology_Extensions" title="Simple HTML Ontology Extensions">Simple HTML Ontology Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMDP" title="XMDP">XMDP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After the <a href="/wiki/Unit_prefix" title="Unit prefix">unit prefix</a> <a href="/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro-</a>, symbol μ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>microformats</i> is a community-standard maintained by its Wiki, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microformats.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history">the Wiki arrived ~2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In this context, the definition of "end-user" includes a person reading a web page on a computer screen or mobile device, or an <a href="/wiki/Assistive_technology" title="Assistive technology">assistive technology</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen reader</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=microformats+2.0+discussion&rft.date=2010-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicroformats.org%2Fwiki%2Fevents%2F2010-05-02-microformats-2-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microformats.org/wiki/microformats2">"microformats2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=microformats2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicroformats.org%2Fwiki%2Fmicroformats2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllsopp2007" class="citation book cs1">Allsopp, John (March 2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781590598146/page/368"><i>Microformats: Empowering Your Markup for Web 2.0</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Friends of ED</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781590598146/page/368">368</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59059-814-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59059-814-6"><bdi>978-1-59059-814-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microformats%3A+Empowering+Your+Markup+for+Web+2.0&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Friends+of+ED&rft.date=2007-03&rft.isbn=978-1-59059-814-6&rft.aulast=Allsopp&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781590598146%2Fpage%2F368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrchard2005" class="citation book cs1">Orchard, Leslie M (September 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780764597589/page/602"><i>Hacking RSS and Atom</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780764597589/page/602">602</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-9758-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-9758-9"><bdi>978-0-7645-9758-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hacking+RSS+and+Atom&rft.pages=602&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005-09&rft.isbn=978-0-7645-9758-9&rft.aulast=Orchard&rft.aufirst=Leslie+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780764597589%2Fpage%2F602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbinsÇelikFeatherstoneGustafson2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Niederst_Robbins" title="Jennifer Niederst Robbins">Robbins, Jennifer Niederst</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tantek_%C3%87elik" title="Tantek Çelik">Çelik, Tantek</a>; Featherstone, Derek; Gustafson, Aaron (February 2006). <i>Web Design in a Nutshell</i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. p. 826. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00987-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00987-8"><bdi>978-0-596-00987-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Web+Design+in+a+Nutshell&rft.pages=826&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2006-02&rft.isbn=978-0-596-00987-8&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Niederst&rft.au=%C3%87elik%2C+Tantek&rft.au=Featherstone%2C+Derek&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuda2006" class="citation book cs1">Suda, Brian (September 2006). <i>Using Microformats</i>. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-52821-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-52821-8"><bdi>978-0-596-52821-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Using+Microformats&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2006-09&rft.isbn=978-0-596-52821-8&rft.aulast=Suda&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicroformat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ahmet Soylu, Patrick De Causmaecker, Fridolin Wild <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rintonpress.com/journals/jmmonline.html#v6n1">Ubiquitous Web for Ubiquitous Environments: The Role of Embedded Semantics</a>, article in Journal of Mobile Multimedia, Vol. 6, No.1, pp. 26–48, (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/243944/2/JMM_soylu_et_al_2010.pdf">PDF</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microformat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microformat_screenshots" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Microformat screenshots">Microformat screenshots</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://microformats.org/">microformats.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903093453/http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/">Microformats Primer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microformatique.com/optimus/">Optimus</a> microformats parser and validator</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408210625/http://blog.mozilla.com/faaborg/2006/12/11/microformats-part-0-introduction">A four-part discussion of Microformats, UI issues, and possible presentation in Firefox 3 by Alex Faaborg of Mozilla</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataspaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataspaces">Dataspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperdata" title="Hyperdata">Hyperdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">Linked data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule-based_system" title="Rule-based system">Rule-based systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_analytics" title="Semantic analytics">Semantic analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_broker" title="Semantic broker">Semantic broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_computing" title="Semantic computing">Semantic computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_mapper" title="Semantic mapper">Semantic mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_matching" title="Semantic matching">Semantic matching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_publishing" title="Semantic publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_reasoner" title="Semantic reasoner">Semantic reasoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_search" title="Semantic search">Semantic search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_service-oriented_architecture" title="Semantic service-oriented architecture">Semantic service-oriented architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_wiki" title="Semantic wiki">Semantic wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_(web_decentralization_project)" title="Solid (web decentralization project)">Solid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_intelligence" title="Collective intelligence">Collective intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Description_logic" title="Description logic">Description logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">Folksonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotagging" title="Geotagging">Geotagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">Information architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXBRL" class="mw-redirect" title="IXBRL">iXBRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_extraction" title="Knowledge extraction">Knowledge extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning" title="Knowledge representation and reasoning">Knowledge representation and reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_2.0" title="Library 2.0">Library 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">Topic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Science_Trust" title="Web Science Trust">Web Science Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syntax and supporting technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Semantic_triple" title="Semantic triple">triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/RDF/XML" title="RDF/XML">RDF/XML</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriG_(syntax)" title="TriG (syntax)">TriG</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Notation3" title="Notation3">Notation3</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/N-Triples" title="N-Triples">N-Triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriX_(serialization_format)" title="TriX (serialization format)">TriX</a> (no W3C standard)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Resource_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Resource Identifier">RRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_HTML" title="Semantic HTML">Semantic HTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schemas, ontologies and rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">Common Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">RDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">Rule Interchange Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web_Rule_Language" title="Semantic Web Rule Language">Semantic Web Rule Language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Application-Level_Profile_Semantics_(ALPS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Application-Level Profile Semantics (ALPS) (page does not exist)">ALPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semantic annotation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_RDF" title="Embedded RDF">eRDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">GRDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAWSDL" title="SAWSDL">SAWSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Facebook Platform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOAP" title="DOAP">DOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOAF" title="FOAF">FOAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantically_Interlinked_Online_Communities" title="Semantically Interlinked Online Communities">SIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microformat vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAtom" title="HAtom">hAtom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCalendar" title="HCalendar">hCalendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCard" title="HCard">hCard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HProduct" title="HProduct">hProduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRecipe" title="HRecipe">hRecipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HReview" title="HReview">hReview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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