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The substance can bring about changes in the human nervous system in such small quantities that it was not, at first, believed possible (threshold dose is generally believed to be 20 micrograms, though there is some evidence of LSD affecting mood at even lower doses&#91;2&#93;). Some have convinced themselves that they can see the "true" reality on this reality-altering drug.&#91;3&#93;. 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The substance can bring about changes in the human nervous system in such small quantities that it was not, at first, believed possible (threshold dose is generally believed to be 20 micrograms, though there is some evidence of LSD affecting mood at even lower doses&#91;2&#93;). Some have convinced themselves that they can see the "true" reality on this reality-altering drug.&#91;3&#93;. 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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #000000; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#000000"><b>Our secret stash of</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Drugs</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#e5fbe8;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs" title="Category:Drugs"><img alt="Icon drugs.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/4/42/Icon_drugs.svg/100px-Icon_drugs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/4/42/Icon_drugs.svg/150px-Icon_drugs.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/4/42/Icon_drugs.svg/200px-Icon_drugs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#000000; text-align:center;"><b>Highs and lows</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#e5fbe8;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" title="Drug abuse">Drug abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_dose_makes_the_poison" title="The dose makes the poison">The dose makes the poison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKULTRA" title="MKULTRA">MKULTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyote" title="Peyote">Peyote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof">Stanislav Grof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaglutide" title="Semaglutide">Semaglutide</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drugs" title="Template:Drugs">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drugs" title="Template talk:Drugs">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Drugs&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/LDS" class="mw-redirect" title="LDS">LDS</a>.</div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span> <p>You cannot say that LSD fries your brain because we've shown that if anything it makes your brain work better. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Interview with neuropsychopharmacologist David Nutt (52-insights.com)<sup id="cite_ref-vice_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>LSD</b>, lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD-25, is a semi-synthetic <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">psychedelic drug</a> that is derived from ergot alkaloids, which occur naturally in some <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a> that infect rye, <i>Achnatherum robustum</i> ("sleepy grass") and other grains. The substance can bring about changes in the <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> nervous system in such small quantities that it was not, at first, believed possible (threshold dose is generally believed to be 20 micrograms, though there is some evidence of LSD affecting mood at even lower doses<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>). Some have convinced themselves that they can see the "<a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">true</a>" <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a> on this reality-altering <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. The Human imagination can sure be a vivid, strange thing sometimes. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#How_LSD_works"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">How LSD works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Effects_on_performance"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Effects on performance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Permafrying_myth"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Permafrying myth</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bad_Trip"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bad Trip</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Historical_usage"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Historical usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>LSD was used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric">psychiatric</a> research in the 1960s, but society was afraid of anything that could blow <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>'s mind after <i>Brave New World</i>; so they enacted legal measures that made researching the beneficial effects of any hallucinogens extremely difficult. Medically, LSD has been shown to treat the pain symptoms of cluster headaches in low doses,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> and along with other psychedelic hallucinogens has shown some potential in treating <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a> addiction,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> in combination with standard psychotherapy (leading some to suspect that at least some 1960s users were self-medicating). </p><p>John Lilly experimented with giving LSD to <a href="/wiki/Dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphins">dolphins</a> to try to form computer terminal-assisted, linguistically-based inter-species communication. So far we haven't heard anything on how well it's worked. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_LSD_works">How LSD works</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: How LSD works">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>At the basic level, what we know about LSD is that it is a serotonin agonist on various serotonin receptors subtypes<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> — in other words, LSD basically binds to all the places serotonin would normally bind to, and changes how they act. The trippy psychedelic effects are thought to mostly be due to acid’s effect on the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Interestingly, LSD also has effects on dopamine and norepinephrine receptors — which most other psychedelics do not.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Effects_on_performance">Effects on performance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effects on performance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In theory LSD should be a performance-<i>reducing</i> drug; however, in 1970 All-Star <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> Pirates pitcher Dock Ellis managed to deliver a no-hitter against the San Diego <a href="/wiki/Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest">Padres</a> under the influence of acid.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> also claimed that <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> would be, all-in-all, a more interesting software company if <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> had ever done acid.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> However, in a 1994 interview with <i>Playboy</i> magazine, Gates implied he had.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[note 1]</a></sup> </p><p>Recent studies involving <a href="/wiki/MRI" title="MRI">fMRI</a> scans of the <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> on acid have shown that it not only <b>doesn't</b> reduce brain activity, but does quite the opposite — it creates a hyperconnected state of awareness in which axonal signalling is formed between cortices and lobes of the brain that otherwise never connect or interact with one another. The result is a human brain in which nearly all cortices are functioning at an extremely high rate of connectivity; in other words, if the intense world <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup> is correct, this is in many ways artificially inducing an <a href="/wiki/Autistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autistic">autistic</a> state of mind.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup> This state of overstimulated awareness can lead to potential fear and anxiety, especially if the user has pre-existing mental conditions, because all learned inhibition basically comes to the forefront of the conscious mind when using LSD. This means that repressed thoughts and memories become intensely vivid and inescapable — which has potential therapeutic use for obvious reasons, especially in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/PTSD" class="mw-redirect" title="PTSD">PTSD</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> — but in an uncontrolled environment, it can lead to a really bad damn trip. </p><p>Studies suggest that LSD might be somewhat effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease — indeed, some of the prescription drugs that are prescribed by hospitals to treat Parkinson's are even modeled directly after LSD itself — for instance, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisuride" class="extiw" title="wp:Lisuride" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Lisuride">Lisuride</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> Interestingly enough, a wide variety of drugs modeled from or pharmacologically similar<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[note 2]</a></sup> to LSD have often been used to treat a wide variety of physical illnesses, including (but not limited to) brain tumors,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a></sup> dementia, and strokes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>If you're a scientist like <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[note 3]</a></sup> however, using LSD might lead to the discovery of something as revolutionary as <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></sup> (Side effects may include acquiring a taste for <a href="/wiki/Faraday_cage" title="Faraday cage">tinfoil</a> <a href="/wiki/Tinfoil_hat" title="Tinfoil hat">haberdashery</a>.) Or… if you're Kary Mullis,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[note 4]</a></sup> LSD might help you (allegedly) invent PCR and kickstart a new era of biology research. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Permafrying_myth">Permafrying myth</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Permafrying myth">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>From an interview with pharmacologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Nichols" class="extiw" title="wp:David E. Nichols" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: David E. Nichols">David Nichols:</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vice_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p><b>VICE:</b> This study shows that acid sticks in people's serotonin receptors, maybe for days at a time. Can it stay in there forever and make people "permafried"? </p><p><b>David Nichols:</b> It's pretty much a <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a>, [but] there are certain people who have a predisposition to certain types of mental illness — <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a> is the most commonly known one — those people will eventually develop schizophrenia. It hits you in your late teens and early 20s. So any kind of stressful event will cause the onset of that disorder. It's a developmental disorder, in the development of the cortex. So a lot of kids, they go off to college, and in that first semester, you're diagnosed with schizophrenia. Students [normally] have to go home because it's the stress, but they were primed for [schizophrenia]. Well, people who are primed for it, if they take a lot of LSD, it can trigger the onset of actual <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>. </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p><b>VICE:</b> Yeah, but what if I take a really, really big dose? </p><p><b>David Nichols:</b> In most circles, if you're mentally healthy, and you're not predisposed to psychosis, then you'll survive those big doses. I've talked to people who have taken massive doses of LSD, and they'll say, "I was high for a week, but then I came back. I thought I was going crazy, but then I came back." People who are not predisposed to mental illness basically survive those types of things. The people who are casualties are people who had a predisposition in the beginning. Probably any dose would have pushed them over the edge. That's sort of the current thinking. </p> </blockquote> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bad_Trip">Bad Trip</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bad Trip">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>When a trip goes bad, it can go really bad. Feelings range from intense anxiety, paranoia, panic, terror, and/or feelings of insanity. Bad trips are more likely due to, or may be exacerbated by inexperience, improper preparation (hot tip: always bring water), poor environment, bad initial state of mind, or deeper issues such as depression or schizophrenia. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_usage">Historical usage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical usage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>It has been proposed that a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kykeon" class="extiw" title="wp:Kykeon" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Kykeon">drink</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> that was used in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_mysteries" class="extiw" title="wp:Eleusinian mysteries" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Eleusinian mysteries">Eleusinian mysteries</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, in ancient Greece, made from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ergot" class="extiw" title="wp:ergot" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: ergot">ergot</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, contained LSD-like psychedelic alkaloids, and even similar compounds could have also been present in rituals of early Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hicks" title="Bill Hicks">Bill Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kool-Aid_drinker" class="mw-redirect" title="Kool-Aid drinker">Kool-Aid drinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKULTRA" title="MKULTRA">MKULTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_ways_of_knowing" title="Other ways of knowing">Other ways of knowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a></li></ul></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phocks.org/stumble/lsd-history-comic/">Chemical Salvation?</a> — A history of LSD, <i>à la</i> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Chick" title="Jack Chick">Jack Chick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lsd-brain-study_us_57c849c2e4b078581f117373?section=&">LSD Makes Your Brain More Like a Thesaurus</a>: Scientists found the drug actually elevates an innate language ability. — <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i> (1 September 2016)</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>My errant youth ended a long time ago. […] That was on the other side of that boundary. The young mind can deal with certain kinds of gooping around that I don't think at this age I could. I don't think you're as capable of handling lack of <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a> or whatever challenges you throw at your body as you get older. However, I never missed a day of work.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Bill Gates<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In layman's terms, this means they target many of the same receptors, and have a similar effect on brain chemistry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Disclaimer: Francis Crick is an <a href="/wiki/Asshole" class="mw-redirect" title="Asshole">asshole</a> who came up with his ideas based on stealing work of Rosalind Franklin, so he isn't exactly a great example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also a lousy example because Mullis came down with a bad case of possibly acid-induced <a href="/wiki/Nobel_disease" title="Nobel disease">Nobel disease</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vice-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-vice_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-vice_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/78wwxq/is-it-a-myth-that-lsd-can-permanently-fry-your-brain">Is It a Myth That LSD Can Permanently Fry Your Brain? Pharmacologist David Nichols told me that permanent acid trips make no medical sense.</a> by Mike Pearl (February 5, 2017, 9:00pm) <i>Vice</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(19)31409-X/fulltext">Acute Subjective and Behavioral Effects of Microdoses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Human Volunteers</a> by Anya K. Bershad et al. (2019) <i>Biological Psychiatry</i> 86(10):792-800. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Psychonaut/comments/hqzxuf/isolation_me_pen_and_markers_on_a4_2020/">Isolation, me, pen and markers on A4, 2020</a>. Reddit, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/news/2006/060911/full/060911-5.html">Dropping acid may help headaches: Cluster headache sufferers say LSD can abort attacks</a> by Arran Frood (September 13<sup>th</sup> 2006) <i>Nature</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vice.com/read/quit-smoking-with-lsd-876">An LSD Trip Helped Me Quit Smoking</a> by Thijs Roes (October 8, 2014, 7:00am) <i>Vice</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/23/6/385/5805249">Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD</a> by Erwin Krediet et al. (2020) <i>International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology' 23(6):385-400. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa018.'</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aghajanian, G. K., & Bing, O. H. (1964). Persistence of lysergic acid diethylamide in the plasma of human subjects. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 5(5), 611-614. PMID: 14209776</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreno, J. L., Holloway, T., Albizu, L., Sealfon, S. C., & González-Maeso, J. (2011). Metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 receptor is necessary for the pharmacological and behavioral effects induced by hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonists. Neuroscience Letters, 493(3), 76-79. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.046">https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.046</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marona-Lewicka, D., Thisted, R. A., & Nichols, D. E. (2005). Distinct temporal phases in the behavioral pharmacology of LSD: dopamine D2 receptor-mediated effects in the rat and implications for psychosis. Psychopharmacology, 180(3), 427-435. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2183-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/sports/baseball/ellis.asp">No Hitter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"I wish him the best, I really do. I just think he and Microsoft are a bit narrow. He'd be a broader guy if he had dropped acid once or gone off to an ashram when he was younger." Steve Lohr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EED71139F931A25752C0A961958260&sec=technology&spon=&pagewanted=all">"Creating Jobs."</a> <i>The New York Times</i> Magazine, 1997-01-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecorememory.com/The_Bill_Gates_Interview.pdf">The Bill Gates Interview: A candid conversation with the sultan of software about outsmarting his rivals</a> (1994) <i>Playboy</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010743/">The Intense World Theory – A Unifying Theory of the Neurobiology of Autism</a> by Kamila Markram & Henry Markram (2010) <i>Front. Hum. Neurosci.</i> 4:224. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/brain-scans-reveal-how-lsd-affects-consciousness-1.19727">Brain scans reveal how LSD affects consciousness: Drug researcher David Nutt discusses brain-imaging studies with hallucinogens</a> by Zoe Cormier (11 April 2016) <i>Nature</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maps.org/research/psilo-lsd">LSD-Assisted Psychotherapy: MAPS has completed the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the therapeutic use of LSD in human beings since the early 1970s.</a> <i>Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabergoline" class="extiw" title="wp:Cabergoline" rel="nofollow">Cabergoline</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoloid" class="extiw" title="wp:Ergoloid" rel="nofollow">Ergoloid</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cracked.com/article_16532_the-5-greatest-things-ever-accomplished-while-high.html">The 5 Greatest Things Ever Accomplished While High</a> by Jack O'Brien (August 04, 2008) <i>Cracked</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/vox-conversations-podcast/2021/3/4/21759683/christianity-psychedelics-brian-muraresku-the-immortality-key">The psychedelic roots of Christianity</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=LSD&oldid=2695881">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=LSD&oldid=2695881</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs" title="Category:Drugs">Drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemicals" title="Category:Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative 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