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srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/11/07/0/0/8256/5504/360/0/95/0/dcc710e_1699369280547-000-33yc4kx.jpg 2x" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/11/07/0/0/8256/5504/180/0/95/0/dcc710e_1699369280547-000-33yc4kx.jpg" alt="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine activist Mariam Abudaqa, Marseille, October 16, 2023."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">France</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Top court approves deportation of Palestinian activist Mariam Abudaqa from France</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Opinion" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Opinion</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open" data-height="0"> <div class="wrapper"> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2023/11/03/cheri-samba-in-powerful-words-and-images-at-the-musee-maillol_6224215_30.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/23/0/60/4503/3002/360/0/95/0/210b026_1698068145379-za-chs-042-salle-5-new.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/23/0/60/4503/3002/180/0/95/0/210b026_1698068145379-za-chs-042-salle-5-new.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="" quel avenir pour notre art ?" 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("what future for our art?"), triptych 3 (1997), by chéri samba."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Culture</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">Chéri Samba in powerful words and images at the Musée Maillol</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2023/10/18/van-gogh-in-auvers-sur-oise-the-final-months-revealing-the-daring-boldness-of-the-painter-s-last-work_6183442_30.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/0/226/1296/864/360/0/95/0/a96189b_1696860704194-21-racines.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/0/226/1296/864/180/0/95/0/a96189b_1696860704194-21-racines.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="'Tree Roots' (1890), by Vincent Van Gogh."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/0/226/1296/864/360/0/95/0/a96189b_1696860704194-21-racines.jpg 2x" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/0/226/1296/864/180/0/95/0/a96189b_1696860704194-21-racines.jpg" alt="'Tree Roots' (1890), by Vincent Van Gogh."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Culture</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">'Van Gogh in Auvers-sur-Oise. The Final Months': Revealing the daring boldness of the painter's last work</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-mobile" class="Nav__mobile"></div> </nav> </div> <div class="forecast-retargeting-banner"></div> <main role="main" class="main main LeMondeMain main--free "> <div id="dfp-habillage" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--habillage" data-format="habillage" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div id="banniere_haute" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--banniere dfp__slot--banniere-haute dfp-loading dfp-unloaded" data-format="banniere_haute" aria-hidden="true"><div class="loader"></div></div> <section id="habillagepub" class="article article--single article--content article--restricted"> <section class="zone zone--article zone--article-premium old__zone"> <header class="article__header "> <div class="article__header-wrap"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb__parent breadcrumb__parent--after js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__pixels logo__pixels--article" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/"> Pixels </a> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__child--article js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__russia logo__russia--article" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/russia/"> Russia </a> </li> </ul> <div class="article__heading"> <h1 class="article__title">'Doppelgänger': The Russian disinformation campaign denounced by France</h1> <p class="article__desc"> For over a year, a vast and sophisticated propaganda operation produced fake official websites and media articles, including impersonations of Le Monde. On Tuesday, France said Russia was conducting a 'hybrid war.' </p> </div> <p class="meta meta__publisher meta__publisher--header" id="js-authors-trigger"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--header" id="js-authors-list"> By <a class="article__author-link" href="/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/florian-reynaud/">Florian Reynaud</a> and <a class="article__author-link" href="/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/damien-leloup/">Damien Leloup</a> </span> </p> <section class="meta__date-reading"> <span class="meta__date meta__date--header">Published on June 13, 2023, at 6:35 pm (Paris), updated on June 14, 2023, at 5:06 pm</span> <p class="meta__reading-time meta__reading-time--header"> <span class="icon__reading-time"></span> <span class="sr-only">Time to </span> 5 min.</span> </p> <a class="meta__article-en-fr-url js-lang-switcher" href="/web/20231111044747/https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2023/06/13/revelations-sur-doppelganger-la-campagne-de-desinformation-russe-denoncee-par-la-france_6177446_4408996.html" hreflang="fr"> <span class="meta__article-en-fr-url-link">Lire en français</span> </a> </section> <ul class="meta meta__social meta__social--lmi"> <li class="meta__icon meta__icon--dropdown"> <button class="meta__link meta__link-wrapper meta__link--extend icon__arrow meta__link--light" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-toggle-target=".meta__sub"><span class="sr-only">Share</span></button> <span class="meta__icon-desc meta__icon-desc--more" aria-hidden="true">Share</span> <ul class="meta__sub"> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="tw"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__twitter"></span></span><span class="sr-only">Share on Twitter</span></button></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="messenger"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__messenger"></span></span><span class="sr-only">Share on Messenger</span></button></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="fb"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__facebook"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share on Facebook</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="email"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__email"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share by email</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="linkedin"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__linkedin"></span></span></button><span class="sr-only">Share on Linkedin</span></li> <li class="meta__icon-sub"><button type="button" class="js-social js-social-tag meta__link-sub meta__link-wrapper" data-position="top" data-social="copy"><span class="meta__icon-container"><span class="icon__link"></span></span><span class="meta__label-sub">Copy link</span></button></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <p class="article__status"><span class="icon__premium"></span>Subscribers only</p> <section class="article__wrapper article__content--restricted article__wrapper--premium "> <article class="article__content old__article-content-single"> <p class="article__paragraph ">Visually, the page resembles that of the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. The graphic design, logo, and links to the ministry's official social media accounts all look like an official French diplomatic press release, like the ones the ministry publishes every day. Except that the information it shares – the introduction a 1.5% tax on "every monetary transaction" to finance military support for Ukraine – is false.</p> <figure class="article__media"> <picture class="article__media"> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/556/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG 556w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/600/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/664/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG 664w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/700/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG 700w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/800/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw" alt="Doppelganger's fake foreign ministry website, now offline." width="664" height="443"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/664/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG" alt="Doppelganger's fake foreign ministry website, now offline." sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw" width="664" height="443"> </picture> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747im_/https://img.lemde.fr/2023/06/13/0/0/1204/881/664/0/75/0/8cd73f5_1686661969530-doppel.JPG" alt="Doppelganger's fake foreign ministry website, now offline."> </noscript> <figcaption class="article__legend" aria-hidden="true">Doppelganger's fake foreign ministry website, now offline. </figcaption> </figure> <p class="article__paragraph ">This very well-imitated page is, in fact, the tip of a vast Russian influence operation, which has been going on for over a year. The agents who created and circulated this fake French diplomatic page are also responsible for countless imitations of media articles, perfectly imitating the layouts of <em>Le Monde </em>and other newspapers such as <em>Le Parisien</em> and <em>20 Minutes</em> as well as most of the major German media. Similar fakes have also been seen in Ukraine, Italy, and the United Kingdom.</p> <div id="inread_top-2" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Each time, the modus operandi is the same: The fake article take Russia's side. For example, by criticizing the French defense minister's visit to Ukraine, announcing that sanctions against Russia are ruining the German economy, or that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is leading his country to disaster.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">On Tuesday, June 13, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/securite-desarmement-et-non-proliferation/actualites-et-evenements-lies-a-la-securite-au-desarmement-et-a-la-non/2023/article/declaration-de-catherine-colonna-ingerences-numeriques-etrangeres-detection-par" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre">the foreign ministry blamed Russia</a> for this vast and sophisticated disinformation operation. "Investigations conducted by Viginum [an organization dedicated to combating influence operations] have uncovered numerous elements revealing the involvement of Russian or Russian-speaking individuals and many Russian companies in the realization and conduct of the campaign. Viginum also observed that many state entities or entities affiliated to the Russian state had participated in the dissemination of certain content produced within the framework of the campaign," it said in a statement, adding the initiative was "a further illustration of the hybrid strategy that Russia is implementing to undermine the conditions for a peaceful democratic debate and thus to undermine our democratic institutions."</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">At the end of 2022, following initial investigations by the German media and the non-governmental organizations <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.disinfo.eu/doppelganger" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre">EU DisinfoLab</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111044747/https://www.qurium.org/alerts/under-the-hood-of-a-doppelganger/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Nouvelle fenêtre">Qurium</a>, Facebook's parent company Meta had struck forcefully in an attempt to block what it believed to be "the largest, and most complex, Russian [disinformation] operation since the start of the war in Ukraine, with an unusual level of sophistication and power." At the time, Facebook said it had deleted more than 1,600 accounts and 700 pages and identified €100,000 invested by this operation in advertising on its platform. EU DisinfoLab called the group "Doppelgänger," a German word for "look-alike" and "evil double" in Germanic legends.</p> <div id="inread-5" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p><strong>You have 70% of this article left to read. 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