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<html> <head> <title>Erowid Religious Freedom Vault</title> <meta name="description" content="Information and discussion of religious freedom throughout the world"> <meta name="keywords" content="1 freedom law; freedom of religion;"> <link href="/includes/general_default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="/includes/index_freedom_lb.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </head> <body>  <script language="Javascript" src="/includes/headers/menu_data.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script language="Javascript" src="/includes/headers/mmenu.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#000000"><tr> <td><a href="/index.shtml"><img src="/includes/headers/images/h_sun1.gif" width="122" height="25" alt="" border="0"></a></td> <td background="/includes/headers/images/bar_squiggle.gif" width="100%" colspan="4"> </td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/index.shtml"><img src="/includes/headers/images/h_sun2.gif" width="122" height="70" alt="Erowid" border="0"></a></td> <td><a href="/index.shtml"><img src="/includes/headers/images/h_vaults.gif" width="120" height="70" alt="" border="0"></a></td> <td width="100%"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000" height="70"><tr> <td> </td> </tr></table> </td><td> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="316" height="70" background="/includes/headers/images/center_freedom_1-1.jpg"><tr> <td valign="top" align="right"> </td> </tr></table> </td><td> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="130" height="70" background="/includes/headers/images/center_freedom_1-2.jpg"> <tr height="30"><td align="left" valign="bottom">  <form name="SearchForm" method="get" action="/search.php">  <input type="hidden" name="exclude" value=""> <input type="text" size="13" name="q" value="" id="header-search"> <input type="image" src="/includes/headers/images/go2.gif" border="0" alt="Search"> </td></form></tr> <tr height="4"><td></td></tr> <tr height="16"> <td align="left"><a href="/general/about/" onMouseOver="popup('about')" onMouseOut="popdn()"><img src="/includes/headers/images/h_about.gif" width="89" height="13" alt="" border="0"></a></td> </tr><tr height="16"> <td align="left"><a href="/donations/" onMouseOver="popup('donations')" onMouseOut="popdn()"><img src="/includes/headers/images/h_join.gif" width="89" height="13" alt="" border="0"></a></td> </tr><tr height="4"><td></td> </tr></table> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr> <td width="101"><img src="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_left.gif" width="101" height="22" alt=""></td> <td align="left" width="114"><a href="/psychoactives/" onMouseOver="popup('drugs')" onMouseOut="popdn()"> <img src="/includes/headers/images/menu_1.gif" width="114" height="22" border="0" alt="Plants - Drugs"></a></td> <td align="left" width="103"><a href="/spirit/" onMouseOver="popup('mind')" onMouseOut="popdn()"> <img src="/includes/headers/images/menu_2.gif" width="103" height="22" border="0" alt="Mind - Spirit"></a></td> <td align="left" width="117"><a href="/freedom/" onMouseOver="popup('freedom')" onMouseOut="popdn()"> <img src="/includes/headers/images/menu_3.gif" width="117" height="22" border="0" alt="Freedom - Law"></a></td> <td align="left" width="110"><a href="/culture/" onMouseOver="popup('arts')" onMouseOut="popdn()"> <img src="/includes/headers/images/menu_4.gif" width="104" height="22" border="0" alt="Arts - Culture"></a></td> <td align="left" width="77"><a href="/library/" onMouseOver="popup('library')" onMouseOut="popdn()"> <img src="/includes/headers/images/menu_5.gif" width="77" height="22" border="0" alt="Library"></a></td> <td width="100%" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_right.gif"> </td> </tr></table> </td></tr></table> <div id="main-frame"> <div id="content-outer-frame">  <div id="content-messpath-frame"> <div id="path"> <div class="path-chunk"><a href="/freedom/">FREEDOM</a></div>   <div class="path-chunk"><a href="/freedom/civil_rights/">civil_rights</a></div>   <div class="path-chunk path-chunk-current">religion</div></div> <div id="message">   <style> .thumb { float: left; 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These look great framed on the wall !</div> </a></a> <script src="/includes/javascript/erowid_message_lib.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var mTimeExpired = 1739796419000; var mDate = new Date(); if (mDate.getDate() < mTimeExpired) { SendQuietRequest("https://drugzdata.science/cgi-bin/messages/message_view_record.php?message_id=311&page_url=/freedom/civil_rights/religion/religion.shtml"); } </script>   </div> </div>    <div id="content-body-frame">  <div class="title-section"> <div class="ts-title-pre"></div> <div class="ts-title">Freedom of Religion</div> <div class="ts-title-sub"></div> </div> <div class="content-section"> <div class="index-text-outer"> <div class="quote-center"> <div class="h7">First Amendment</div> "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free<br/> exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people<br/> peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances."<br/> </div> </div> <div class="index-links-int"> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">FEDERAL LAW <a href="#federal-law" name="federal-law" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="religion_rfra.shtml">Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) : 1993</a> [Partially <a href="http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/95-2074.ZO.html">overturned</a> Jun 25, 1997]</div> <div class="link-int"><a href="religion_airfa.shtml">American Indian Religious Freedom Act : 1978</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="religion_airfaa.shtml">American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments (AIRFAA) : 1994</a></div> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">COURT DECISIONS <a href="#decisions" name="decisions" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="/freedom/courts/federal/federal_1990_employment_smith1.shtml">Oregon v Smith : 1990</a> (U.S. Supreme Court)</div> <div class="link-int"><a href="/freedom/courts/state/state_supreme_or_case1.shtml">Employment Division v. Smith : 1988</a> (Oregon Supreme Court) [<a href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=485&invol=660">search FindLaw</a> for related cases]</div> <div class="link-int"><a href="../../courts/federal/federal_c-10th_d-nm_case1.shtml">U.S. vs Robert Boyll</a> - NM decision eloquently supporting the religious use of peyote. A must read.</div> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">UNPASSED BILLS <a href="#unpassed" name="unpassed" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="religion_nafera.shtml">Native American Free Exercise of Religion Act : 1993</a></div> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">RELATED VAULTS <a href="#related" name="related" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="../speech/speech.shtml">Freedom of Speech</a></div> <div class="link-int"><a href="../privacy/privacy.shtml">Right to Privacy</a></div> </div> </div><div class="index-links-ext"> <div class="offsite-outer"><div class="offsite-inner">OFF-SITE RESOURCES</div></div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">UNPASSED BILLS <a href="#ext_unpassed" name="ext_unpassed" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/dfg/amrv/jeff-rel.htm">Draft of a Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, by Jefferson 1779</a><br/> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">MEDIA COVERAGE <a href="#ext_media" name="ext_media" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.reason.com/news/show/119721.html">Spiritual Highs and Legal Blows</a>, Jun 2007, Reason Magazine</div>  <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.forerunner.com/forerunner/X0263_Mexico__Religious_Fr.html">Mexico Partially Restores Religious Freedom</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.ndsn.org/march96/9thcirc.html">9th Circuit Court of Appeals Rules Religion May Be Defense to Marijuana Possession</a>, May 1996</div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.njweedman.com/religious_defense.htm">Rastafarians hit it big in pot fight</a> May 2002</div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.forerunner.com/forerunner/X0844_Spain_-_500_Years__F.html">Spain; 500 Years of Religious Freedom</a></div> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">OTHER RESOURCES <a href="#ext_other" name="ext_other" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080705151347/http://www.entheogen.com/content/view/74/2/">Entheogen Dot : Rastafarians and the Law</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/olsen/religion/index.html">Carl Olsen : Free Exercise of Religion</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/CDHN/v10.html">Declaration on Religious Freedom</a> - Pope Paul VI, 1965</div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/1101/ijde/1003bib.htm">U.S. State Department : Religious Freedom Bibliography</a></div> </div> <div class="links-list"> <div class="ish">ORGANIZATIONS <a href="#ext_organizations" name="ext_organizations" class="pa">#</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.forf.org/news/2002/congress1.html">Foundation for Religious Freedom</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.iarf.net">International Association for Religious Freedom</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.iwgonline.org/">Interfaith Working Group</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/">Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance</a></div> <div class="link-ext"><a href="http://www.pfaw.org/">People for the American Way</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div></div> <div id="footer-frame"> <div class="footer-backto"> [ <a href="/freedom/">back to freedom</a> ]   [ <a href="/freedom/civil_rights/">back to civil_rights</a> ]   </div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" id="footer-bar"><tr> <td width="10" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_footer.gif"> </td> <td width="140" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_footer.gif" valign="top"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="140"><tr> <td valign="top" id="footer-menu"><script language="JavaScript">PlaceMenu("footer")</script></td> </tr></table> </td> <td align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_footer.gif" height="22"><tr> <td align="center"><div class="footer1">Created by Erowid - Nov 16, 1997</div></td> </tr></table> </td> <td width="10" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_footer.gif"> </td> <td width="140" background="/includes/headers/images/bar_solid_footer.gif" align="right"><div class="footer2">Modified - Feb 3, 2015</div></td> </tr></table> <div class="footer-copyright">Content & design © 1995-2023 Erowid.org. 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