Nuremberg Trial Judgements: Martin Bormann

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href="/in-depth-overview-of-judgements-in-nuremburg-trials"> In-Depth Overview of Judgements & Sentencings</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="subCat collapsed"> <div class="subCatHeader"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Death by Hanging </div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-martin-bormann">Martin Bormann</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hans-frank">Hans Frank</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-wilhelm-frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hermann-goering">Hermann Goering</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-alfred-jodl">Alfred Jodl</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-ernst-kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-wilhelm-keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-alfred-rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-fritz-sauckel">Fritz Sauckel</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-arthur-seyss-inquart">Artur Seyss-Inquart</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-julius-streicher">Julius Streicher</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-joachim-von-ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></div> </div> <div class="subCat collapsed"> <div class="subCatHeader"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Life Imprisonment </div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-walther-funk">Walter Funk</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-rudolf-hess">Rudolf Hess</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-erich-raeder">Erich Raeder</a></div> </div> <div class="subCat collapsed"> <div class="subCatHeader"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Years in Prison </div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-karl-doenitz"> Karl Doenitz</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-albert-speer">Albert Speer</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-constantin-von-neurath">Constantin Von Neurath</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-baldur-von-schirach">Baldur Von Schirach</a></div> </div> <div class="subCat collapsed"> <div class="subCatHeader"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Acquital </div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hans-fritzsche">Hans Fritzsche</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hjalmar-schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></div><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center " href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-franz-von-papen">Franz Von Papen</a></div> </div> </div><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-166" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="166"></span> <div class="box" id="mailing-list"> <div>Join our mailing list</div> <form name="ccoptin" action="https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp" target="_blank" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="llr" value="odoiakbab"/> <input type="hidden" name="m" value="1100921190510"/> <input type="hidden" name="p" value="oi"/> <input type="text" name="ea" placeholder="Email address"/> <button type="submit" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset" onclick="joinMailingList()">Join</button> </form> </div> <div class="box" id="donate"> <div>Support JVL</div> <a href="https://app.mobilecause.com/form/HfNVhg" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset">Donate</a> </div> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-112" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="112"></span></div> </div> <div class="main"><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-150" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="150"></span> <div id="actions" class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="hvr-bounce-in" title="Print" href="javascript:window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a class="hvr-bounce-in a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share" title="Share"><i class="fa fa-share-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="links"><span>Nuremberg Trial Judgements:</span> <a href="/in-depth-overview-of-judgements-in-nuremburg-trials" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Table of Contents</a>|<a href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hermann-goering" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Hermann Goering</a>|<a href="/nuremberg-trial-judgements-julius-streicher" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Julius Streicher</a></div> <article> <p align="justify"><a href="/martin-bormann">Bormann</a> is indicted on Counts <a href="/nuremberg-tiral-proceedings-indictment-count-one">One</a>, <a href="/nuremberg-trial-proceedings-indictment-count-three">Three</a>, and <a href="/nuremberg-trial-proceedings-indictment-count-four">Four</a>. He joined the <a href="/the-nazi-party">National Socialist Party</a> in 1925, was a member of the Staff of the Supreme Command of the SA from 1928 to 1930, was in charge of the Aid Fund of the Party, and was Reichsleiter from <a href="/holocaust-chronology-of-1933">1933</a> to <a href="/chronology-of-jewish-persecution-1945">1945</a>. From <a href="/holocaust-chronology-of-1933">1933</a> to <a href="/holocaust-chronology-of-1941">1941</a> he was Chief of Staff in the Office of the Fuehrer's Deputy and, after the flight of <a href="/rudolf-hess-2">Hess</a> to England, became Head of the Party Chancellery on 12th May, <a href="/holocaust-chronology-of-1941">1941</a>. On 12th April, <a href="/holocaust-chronology-1943">1943</a>, he became Secretary to the Fuehrer. He was political and organisational head of the Volkssturm and a General in the SS. </p> <blockquote> <p class="contents"> - <a href="#1">Crimes Against Peace</a><br/> - <a href="#2">War Crimes & Crimes Against Humanity</a><br/> - <a href="#3">Conclusion</a> </p> </blockquote> <h3 align="left"><b><font color="maroon"><a name="1" id="1"></a>Crimes against Peace</font></b></h3> <blockquote> <p align="justify"> Bormann, in the beginning a minor Nazi, but then steadily rose to a position of power and, particularly in the closing days, of great influence over <a href="/adolf-hitler-table-of-contents">Hitler</a>. He was active in the Party's rise to power and even more so in the consolidation of that power. He devoted much of his time to the persecution of the churches and of the Jews within Germany. </p> <p align="justify">The evidence does not show that Bormann knew of Hitler's plans to prepare, initiate or wage aggressive wars. He attended none of the important conferences when Hitler revealed piece by piece these plans for aggression. Nor can knowledge be conclusively inferred from the positions he held. It was only when he became Head of the Party Chancellery in 1941, and later in 1943 secretary to the Fuehrer when he attended many of Hitler's conferences, that his positions gave him the necessary access. Under the view stated elsewhere which the Tribunal has taken of the conspiracy to wage aggressive war, there is not sufficient evidence to bring Bormann within the scope of Count One. </p> </blockquote> <h3 align="left"><b><font color="maroon"><a name="2" id="2"></a>War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity</font></b></h3> <blockquote> <p align="justify"> By decree of 29th May, 1941, Bormann took over the offices and powers held by Hess; by the decree of 24th January, <a href="/holocaust-chronology-of-1942">1942</a>, these powers were extended to give him control over all laws and directives issued by Hitler. He was thus responsible for laws and orders issued thereafter. On 1st December 1942, all Gaus became Reich Defense districts, and the Party Gauleiters responsible to Bormann were appointed Reich Defense Commissioners. In effect, this made them the administrators of the entire civilian war effort. This was so not only in Germany, but also in those territories which were incorporated into the Reich from the absorbed and conquered territories. </p> <p align="justify">Through this mechanism Bormann controlled the ruthless exploitations of the subjected populace. His order of 12th August, 1942, placed all party agencies at the disposal of <a href="/heinrich-himmler-table-of-contents">Himmler's</a> programme for forced resettlement and denationalisation of persons in the occupied countries. Three weeks after the invasion of Russia, he attended the conference of 16th July, 1941, at Hitler's field quarters with <a href="/hermann-goering-2">Goering</a>, <a href="/alfred-rosenberg">Rosenberg</a> and <a href="/wilhelm-keitel">Keitel</a>, Bormann's report shows that there were discussed and developed detailed plans of enslavement and annihilation of the population of these territories. And on 8th May 1942, he conferred with Hitler and Rosenberg on the forced resettlement of Dutch personnel in Latvia, the extermination programme in Russia, and the economic exploitation of the Eastern Territories. He was interested in the confiscation of art and other properties in the East. His letter of 11th January 1944, called for the creation of a large-scale organisation to withdraw commodities from the occupied territories for the bombed-out German populace. </p> <p align="justify">Bormann was extremely active in the persecution of the Jews, not only in <a href="/the-virtual-jewish-history-tour-germany">Germany</a> but also in the absorbed and conquered countries. He took part in the discussions which led to the removal of 60,000 Jews from <a href="/vienna-austria-jewish-history-tour">Vienna</a> to <a href="/the-virtual-jewish-history-tour-poland">Poland</a> in co-operation with the <a href="/the-ss-schutzstaffel">SS</a> and the <a href="/the-gestapo">Gestapo</a>. He signed the decree of 31st May, 1941, extending the Nuremberg Laws to the annexed Eastern Territories. In an order of 9th October, 1942, he declared that the permanent elimination of Jews in Greater German territory could no longer be solved by emigration, but only by applying "ruthless force " in the special camps in the East. On 1st July, 1943, he signed an ordinance withdrawing Jews from the protection of the law courts and placing them under the exclusive jurisdiction of Himmler's Gestapo. </p> <p align="justify">Bormann was prominent in the <a href="/forced-labor-in-the-holocaust">slave labour</a> programme. The Party Leaders supervised slave labour matters in the respective Gaus, including employment, conditions of work, feeding and housing. By his circular of 5th May, 1943, to the Leadership Corps, distributed down to the level of Orstgruppenleiters, he issued directions regulating the treatment of foreign workers, pointing out they were subject to SS control on security problems, and ordered the previous mistreatment to cease. A report of 4th September, 1942, relating to the transfer of 500,000 female domestic workers from the East to Germany showed that control was to be exercised by Sauckel, Himmler and Bormann. Sauckel by decree of 8th September, directed the Kreisleiters to supervise the distribution and assignment of these female labourers. </p> <p align="justify">Bormann also issued a series of orders to the Party Leaders dealing with the treatment of prisoners of war. On 5th November, 1941, he prohibited decent burials for Russian Prisoners of war. On 25th November 1943 he directed Gauleiters to report cases of lenient treatment of prisoners of war. And on 13th September, 1944, he ordered liaison between the Kreisleiters with the camp commandants in determining the use to be made of prisoners of war for forced labour. On 29th January, 1943, he transmitted to his leaders OKW instructions allowing the use of firearms, and corporal punishment on recalcitrant prisoners of war, contrary to the Rules of Land Warfare. On 30th September, 1944, he signed a decree taking from the OKW jurisdiction over prisoners of war and handing them over to Himmler and the SS. </p> <p align="justify">Bormann is responsible for the lynching of Allied airmen. On 30th May, 1944, he prohibited any police action or criminal proceedings against persons who had taken part in the lynching of Allied fliers. This was accompanied by a Goebbels' propaganda campaign inciting the German people to take action of this nature and the conference of 6th June, 1944, where regulations for the application of lynching were discussed. </p> <p align="justify">His counsel, who has laboured under difficulties, was unable to refute this evidence. In the face of these documents which bear Bormann's signature it is difficult to see how he could do so even were the defendant present. Counsel has argued that Bormann is dead and that the Tribunal should not avail itself of Article 12 of the Charter which gives it the right to take proceedings in absentia. But the evidence of death is not conclusive, and the Tribunal, as previously stated, determined to try him in absentia. If Bormann is not dead and is later apprehended, the Control Council for Germany may, under Article 29 of the Charter, consider any facts in mitigation, and alter or reduce his sentence, if deemed proper. </p> </blockquote> <h3 align="left"><b><font color="maroon"><a name="3" id="3"></a>Conclusion</font></b></h3> <blockquote> <p align="justify"> The Tribunal finds that Bormann is not guilty on Count <a href="/nuremberg-tiral-proceedings-indictment-count-one">One</a>, but is guilty on Counts <a href="/nuremberg-trial-proceedings-indictment-count-three">Three</a> and <a href="/nuremberg-trial-proceedings-indictment-count-four">Four</a>. </p> </blockquote> <hr/> <blockquote> <p><strong>Sources</strong>: <a href="http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/judborma.htm" target="_blank"> The Avalon Project</a></p> </blockquote> </article> <span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-163" class="ezoic-adpicker-ad"></span><span data-ez-ph-id="163"></span></div> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="popup--overlay" id="popup--overlay"> <div class="popup--container"> <button type="button" name="button" class="popup--button-close" id="popup--button-close"><span class="popup--button-text">close</span><img src="images/icon-close.svg"/></button> <div class="popup--content"> <img src="/images/logo-v.svg" alt="" class="popup--content-logo"/> <p class="popup--content-title">Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library</p> <div class="popup--content-badges"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.leverageit.jvl" target="_blank"><img src="/images/google-play-badge.svg" alt="Google Play"/></a> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/jewish-virtual-library/id1336516435?mt=8" target="_blank"><img src="/images/app-store-badge.svg" alt="App Store"/></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="third"> <div id="footer1"> <img src="/images/logo-h.svg"/> </div> </div> <div class="third" id="footer2"> <a href="/the-library" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Library</a><br/> <a href="/about-aice" class="hvr-underline-from-center">About</a><br/> <a href="/contact-us" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Contact</a><br/> <a href="/privacy-policy" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Privacy Policy</a><br/> <a href="https://app.mobilecause.com/form/HfNVhg" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Donate</a><br/> <a href="/copyright" class="hvr-underline-from-center copyright-text">漏 1998 - 2024 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise</a> </div> <div class="third" id="footer3"> Join our mailing list<br/> <form name="ccoptin" action="https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp" target="_blank" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="llr" value="odoiakbab"/> <input type="hidden" name="m" value="1100921190510"/> <input type="hidden" name="p" value="oi"/> <input type="text" name="ea" placeholder="Email address"/> <button type="submit" onclick="joinMailingList()">Join</button> </form> <div class="social"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/aiceofficial/"><i class="fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/JewishVirtualLibrary/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/JewishVLibrary"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/jewishvlibrary"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/libs.js?cache-buster=september6"></script> <script src="https://cdn.popupsmart.com/bundle.js" data-id="21528" async="" defer=""></script> <script> $(function() { $(window).smartresize(function() { $('header h1').quickfit({ max: 48, min: 20, truncate: false }); $('header h2').quickfit({ max: 24, min: 15, truncate: false }); }); $(window).trigger('resize'); $('.subCatHeader').click(function(){ $(this).parent().toggleClass('collapsed'); }); if(window.innerWidth < 768) { if(sessionStorage.getItem('closedPopup') != "true") { document.getElementById("popup--overlay").style.display = "block"; } document.getElementById("popup--button-close").addEventListener("click", function(){ sessionStorage.setItem('closedPopup', "true"); document.getElementById("popup--overlay").style.display = "none"; }); } }); </script> <script async="" src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> _40nmcid = '40NM-11045-1'; (function() { var nm = document.createElement('script'); nm.type = 'text/javascript'; nm.async = true; nm.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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Nuremberg Trial Judgements: Martin Bormann