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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustained_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustained_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sustained success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustained_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downfall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downfall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Downfall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downfall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_and_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_and_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Divisions and products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Divisions_and_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Divisions and products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Divisions_and_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Agriculture Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_early_tractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_early_tractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>The early tractors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_early_tractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_tractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_tractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Heavy tractors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_tractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_letter_and_standard_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_letter_and_standard_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>The letter and standard series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_letter_and_standard_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_tractors:_the_1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_tractors:_the_1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Heavy tractors: the 1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_tractors:_the_1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-60_Series_recall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#60_Series_recall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>60 Series recall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-60_Series_recall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_names_of_the_agriculture_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names_of_the_agriculture_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>Brand names of the agriculture division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names_of_the_agriculture_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_agricultural_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_agricultural_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.10</span> <span>Other agricultural products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_agricultural_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthmoving_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthmoving_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Earthmoving division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthmoving_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Payloaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payloaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Payloaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Payloaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PayScrapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PayScrapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>PayScrapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PayScrapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attachments:_blades,_buckets,_rippers_and_compaction_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attachments:_blades,_buckets,_rippers_and_compaction_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Attachments: blades, buckets, rippers and compaction equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attachments:_blades,_buckets,_rippers_and_compaction_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electrall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electrall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Electrall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electrall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Road vehicles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Road_vehicles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Road vehicles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Road_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Light_duty_trucks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_duty_trucks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Light duty trucks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_duty_trucks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport-utility_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport-utility_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Sport-utility vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-utility_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorhomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorhomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Motorhomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorhomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_trucks_(Truck_and_Engine_Division)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_trucks_(Truck_and_Engine_Division)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Commercial trucks (Truck and Engine Division)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_trucks_(Truck_and_Engine_Division)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1960s_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Overseas subsidiaries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overseas subsidiaries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overseas_subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_Army_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Army_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Australian Army designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Army_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ACCO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ACCO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>ACCO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ACCO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazilian_subsidiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazilian_subsidiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Brazilian subsidiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazilian_subsidiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Home products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Home_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Home products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Home_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_appliances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_appliances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Home appliances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_appliances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawn_and_garden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawn_and_garden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lawn and garden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawn_and_garden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HT-341" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HT-341"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>HT-341</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HT-341-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International Harvester</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="انترناشونال هارفيستير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انترناشونال هارفيستير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="اینترنشنال هاروستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینترنشنال هاروستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90_%ED%95%98%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="인터내셔널 하베스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터내셔널 하베스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="انترناشونال هارفيستير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انترناشونال هارفيستير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="International Harvester" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="International Harvester" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the song by Craig Morgan, see <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_(song)" title="International Harvester (song)">International Harvester (song)</a>. For the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Progg" title="Progg">progg</a> band, see <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4d,_Gr%C3%A4s_%26_Stenar" title="Träd, Gräs & Stenar">Träd, Gräs & Stenar</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Harvester Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Harvester_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/International_Harvester_logo.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="87" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">Agricultural</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>McCormick Harvesting Machine Company</li> <li>Deering Harvester Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Warder" title="Benjamin H. Warder">Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner</a></li> <li>Milwaukee</li> <li>Plano</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 22, 1902<span class="noprint">; 122 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1902-03-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Deering" title="Charles Deering">Charles Deering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Hall_McCormick_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Hall McCormick Jr.">Cyrus Hall McCormick Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Walbridge_Perkins" title="George Walbridge Perkins">George Walbridge Perkins</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1985<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1985</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Renamed as <a href="/wiki/Navistar_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar International">Navistar International</a> Corporation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar International">Navistar International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick_Tractors_International" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick Tractors International">McCormick Tractors International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farm_machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Farm machinery">Farm machinery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucks">Vocational trucks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Household_appliances" class="mw-redirect" title="Household appliances">Household appliances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">Automobiles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Construction and industrial equipment</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Harvester Company</b> (often abbreviated <b>IH</b> or <b>International</b>) was an American manufacturer of agricultural and construction equipment, automobiles, commercial trucks, lawn and garden products, household equipment, and more. It was formed from the 1902 merger of <b>McCormick Harvesting Machine Company</b> and <b>Deering Harvester Company</b> and three smaller manufacturers: Milwaukee; Plano; and Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner (manufacturers of Champion brand). Its brands included McCormick, Deering, and later McCormick-Deering, as well as International. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> tractors, International was also known for the <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">Scout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travelall" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelall">Travelall</a> vehicle nameplates. In the 1980s all divisions were sold off except for International Trucks, which changed its parent company name to Navistar International (NYSE: NAV). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_660_front.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/International_660_front.JPG/301px-International_660_front.JPG" decoding="async" width="301" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/International_660_front.JPG/452px-International_660_front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/International_660_front.JPG/602px-International_660_front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>International 660 in rural <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1954_IH_Super_C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1954_IH_Super_C.JPG/297px-1954_IH_Super_C.JPG" decoding="async" width="297" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1954_IH_Super_C.JPG/446px-1954_IH_Super_C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1954_IH_Super_C.JPG/594px-1954_IH_Super_C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>A 1954 IH Farmall Super C</figcaption></figure> <p>Given its monumental importance to the building of rural communities the brand continues to have a massive cult following. The International Harvester legacy non-profits host some of the largest agriculture related events in the United States. </p><p>Following years of financial and economic decline, International began selling its separate equipment divisions, starting with the sale of the construction division to <a href="/wiki/Dresser_Industries" title="Dresser Industries">Dresser Industries</a> in 1982. In November 1984 IH finalized a deal with <a href="/wiki/Tenneco" title="Tenneco">Tenneco</a> to sell the farm equipment division to Tenneco's subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case Corporation</a>, and the brand continues as <a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a>, which is owned by <a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH</a>. The European division exists today as <a href="/wiki/McCormick_Tractors" title="McCormick Tractors">McCormick Tractors</a> and is owned by <a href="/wiki/ARGO_SpA" title="ARGO SpA">ARGO SpA</a> of Italy. <i>International</i> became solely a truck and engine manufacturer and brand and reorganized as <a href="/wiki/Navistar_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar International">Navistar International</a> in 1986. Throughout its existence International Harvester was headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>. In 2020 <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen</a> agreed to fully purchase the remaining shares of Navistar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg/220px-Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg/330px-Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg/440px-Cyrus_McCormick_engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Hall_McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Hall McCormick">Cyrus Hall McCormick</a> patented an early mechanical <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaper</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg/220px-Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg/330px-Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg/440px-Boys_can_use_farm_machines-1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>1900 ad for McCormick farm machines—"Your boy can operate them"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg/220px-1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg/330px-1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg/440px-1921InternationalHarvesterModel101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="1963" /></a><figcaption>1921 International Harvester Model 101 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_80" title="Iowa 80">Iowa 80</a> Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg/220px-1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg/330px-1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg/440px-1925InternationalModel63StreetWashingTruck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3623" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption>1925 International Model 63 Street-Washing Truck on display at the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_80" title="Iowa 80">Iowa 80</a> Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg/220px-1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg/330px-1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg/440px-1940_International_Tanker_Truck_ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for the 1940 International Tanker Truck</figcaption></figure> <p>The roots of International Harvester run to the 1830s, when Virginia inventor <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Hall_McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Hall McCormick">Cyrus Hall McCormick</a> perfected his version of a horse-drawn <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaper</a>, which he field-demonstrated in 1831 and for which he received a patent in 1834. Together with his brother <a href="/wiki/Leander_J._McCormick" title="Leander J. McCormick">Leander J. McCormick</a>, he moved to Chicago in 1847 to be closer to the Midwestern grain fields and founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company. The reaper sold well, partially as a result of savvy and innovative business practices. Their products came onto the market just as the development of railroads offered wide distribution to distant territories. He developed a vast support network to demonstrate field operations. McCormick died in 1884 and his company passed to his son, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus McCormick, Jr.">Cyrus McCormick, Jr.</a>, whose antipathy toward organized labor helped spark the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a>, the origin of <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a> as a labor holiday. </p><p>In 1902, the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and <a href="/wiki/Deering_Harvester_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Deering Harvester Company">Deering Harvester Company</a>, along with three smaller agricultural equipment firms (Milwaukee Harvesting Machine Co., Plano Manufacturing Co., and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Warder" title="Benjamin H. Warder">Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner</a>—manufacturers of Champion brand) merged to create the International Harvester Company.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important motivation for the merger was elimination of competition in order to increase profits.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banker <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a> provided the financing.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architect of the merger was <a href="/wiki/George_Walbridge_Perkins" title="George Walbridge Perkins">George W. Perkins</a>, one of the Morgan executives who Cyrus McCormick described as the "most brilliant negotiator he had ever known."<sup id="cite_ref-JAG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new company was valued at $150 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, IH bought the Parlin and Orendorff factory in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Illinois" title="Canton, Illinois">Canton, Illinois</a>, a leader in plow manufacturing, renaming it Canton Works. International Harvester was one of the main clients of Product Miniature Company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustained_success">Sustained success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sustained success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck,_Commander_Gatti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg/307px-1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg" decoding="async" width="307" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg/461px-1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg/614px-1939_International_Jungle_Yacht_Truck%2C_Commander_Gatti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>1939 advertisement for the International "Jungle Yacht" tractor-trailer, for <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Gatti" title="Attilio Gatti">Attilio Gatti's</a> luxury scientific expedition in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>In 1926, IH's <a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> Works built a new plant in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island, Illinois</a>. By 1930, the 100,000th Farmall was produced. IH next set their sights on introducing a true 'general-purpose' tractor to satisfy the needs of the average American family farmer. The resulting 'letter' series of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a>-designed Farmall tractors in 1939 proved a huge success. IH dominated the market through the 1950s despite stiff competition from <a href="/wiki/Fordson_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fordson tractor">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allis_Chalmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Allis Chalmers">Allis Chalmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>IH ranked 33rd among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different plants of the corporation produced torpedoes and their components, artillery systems and their parts, artillery shells and some civilian products for the military like bulldozers and truck engines.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946 IH acquired a defense plant in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, which was adapted for production of the Farmall A, B, and the new <a href="/wiki/Farmall_Cub" title="Farmall Cub">340</a> tractors. It acquired the Metropolitan Body Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commercially successful <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Metro_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Metro Van">Metro</a> line of forward control vans and trucks were produced here from 1938 until 1964.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Trucks" title="Pacific Trucks">Pacific Trucks</a> was purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the five-millionth IHC tractor, a 1066, was produced at the Rock Island Farmall plant.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, despite good sales, IH's profit margins remained slim. The continual addition of unrelated business lines created a somewhat unwieldy corporate organization. Overly conservative management and a rigid policy of in-house promotion tended to stifle new management strategies and technical innovation. IH faced strong competition and increased production costs, primarily due to labor and government-imposed environmental and safety regulations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downfall">Downfall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downfall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977, International Harvester named <a href="/wiki/Archie_McCardell" title="Archie McCardell">Archie McCardell</a> as its new CEO, who embarked on a strategy to drastically cut costs and improve profit margins. Unprofitable lines were terminated, and factory production was scaled back, resulting in profits reaching their highest levels in ten years by the end of the year, although cash reserves remained low. This strategy led to growing dissatisfaction among union members. In anticipation of labor disputes, IH braced for a strike. On November 1, 1979, just as the company announced a $1.8 million bonus for McCardell, the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> called a strike the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protracted strike eventually cost the company almost $600 million, equivalent to $2.5 billion in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Eight_Decades_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eight_Decades-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1981, IH's finances were at their lowest point ever, and investors had lost faith in the company and its management.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Louis_W._Menk" title="Louis W. Menk">Louis W. Menk</a>, who was a former president and CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Railroad" title="Burlington Northern Railroad">Burlington Northern Railroad</a>, was appointed as IH's new chairman and CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Menk's guidance, IH went through a twenty-month reorganization process, and he hired a new management team.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menk also ensured that IH made necessary cutbacks, and it involved the sale of the company's Payline division of construction equipment to <a href="/wiki/Dresser_Industries" title="Dresser Industries">Dresser Industries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further assets were sold to Tenneco, Inc., in 1984. </p><p>Following the merger, tractor production at Farmall Works ceased in 1985. Production of the new <a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a> tractors moved to <a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">J.I. Case</a> in Racine, Wisconsin. Production of IH Axial-Flow combines continued at the East Moline, Illinois, factory. The Memphis Works plant was closed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The truck and engine divisions remained and in 1986, Harvester changed the corporate name to <a href="/wiki/Navistar_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar International">Navistar International Corporation</a>, having sold the International Harvester name to Tenneco. Navistar International Corporation continues to manufacture medium- and heavy-duty trucks, school buses, and engines under the International brand name.<sup id="cite_ref-Eight_Decades_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eight_Decades-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisions_and_products">Divisions and products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Divisions and products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_Division">Agriculture Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture Division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg/170px-Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg/255px-Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg/340px-Collective_farm_workers_look_at_McCormick-Deering_15_30_Ukrainian_SSR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>McCormick-Deering 15–30 on the fields of the Ukrainian SSR in 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>The International Harvester Agricultural Division may have been second to the Truck Division but it was the best-known subsidiary. One of its early products was the Traction Engine, a frame manufactured by Morton Traction Truck Company (later bought by IHC) featuring an IHC engine. </p><p> From 1902 to the early 1920s, the McCormick and Deering dealerships kept their original branding with Mogul tractors sold by McCormick and Titan tractors at Deering due to the still-present competitiveness of the former rivals.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_1920_tractor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_1920_tractor.JPG/220px-International_1920_tractor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_1920_tractor.JPG/330px-International_1920_tractor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_1920_tractor.JPG/440px-International_1920_tractor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An International Harvester Type A tractor, manufactured from 1908 to 1913</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_early_tractors">The early tractors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The early tractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> IH produced a range of large gasoline-powered farm tractors under the Mogul and Titan brands. Sold by McCormick dealers, the Type C Mogul was little more than a <a href="/wiki/Stationary_engine" title="Stationary engine">stationary engine</a> on a tractor chassis, fitted with friction drive (one speed forward, one reverse).<sup id="cite_ref-Placardat_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Placardat-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1911 and 1914, 862 were built.<sup id="cite_ref-Placardat_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Placardat-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tractors had varied success but the trend going into the mid-1910s was toward "small" and "cheap".</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg/220px-1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg/330px-1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg/440px-1911_IHC_Mogul_tractor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A 1911 one-cylinder 25 hp (19 kW) Type C Mogul</figcaption></figure><p>The company's first important <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractors</a> were the 10-20 and 15-30 models. Introduced in 1915, they were primarily used as traction engines to pull plows and for belt work on <a href="/wiki/Threshing_machine" title="Threshing machine">threshing machines</a>. The 10-20 and 15-30 had similar Mogul and Titan versions. </p><p>Concurrently, IHC purchased a number of smaller competitors. Parlin & Orendorff (P&O Plow) and Chattanooga Plow were purchased in 1919. Other brand names they incorporated include Keystone, D.M. Osborne, Kemp, Meadows, Sterling, Weber, Plano, and <a href="/wiki/Champion_(spark_plug)" title="Champion (spark plug)">Champion</a>. </p><p> In 1924 IH introduced the <a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a>, a smaller general-purpose tractor, to fend off competition from <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fordson" title="Fordson">Fordson</a> tractors. Farmall was a leader in the emerging <a href="/wiki/Row-crop_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Row-crop tractor">row-crop tractor</a> segment.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCormick-Deering_(1937),_Bangor,_ME_IMG_2515.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG/255px-McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG/383px-McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG/510px-McCormick-Deering_%281937%29%2C_Bangor%2C_ME_IMG_2515.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A 1937 McCormick-Deering Farmall F-12 tractor on display at the Cole Land Transportation Museum<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Maine" title="Bangor, Maine">Bangor, Maine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the introduction of Farmall, several similarly styled "F Series" models were introduced while the original design continued to be produced as the "Regular." </p><p>In 1932, IH produced their first <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> for the McCormick-Deering TD-40 <a href="/wiki/Tracked_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracked vehicle">crawler</a>. This engine would start on gasoline and then switch to diesel. Other diesel engines of this era were difficult to start in cold weather and using gasoline allowed the engine to thoroughly warm up first. In 1935, it was used in the WD-40, becoming the first diesel tractor on wheels in North America<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the world's first diesel tractor was Germany's Benz-Sendling BS 6 in 1922). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heavy_tractors">Heavy tractors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Heavy tractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The market for industrial tractors grew in the 1930s. The TD-40, the first of IH's heavy-equipment crawlers, was suited for a wide range of environments. As demand for construction equipment grew, so did the competition. The diversification of the agricultural tractor range into genuine construction equipment whetted appetites for further expansion. In 1937 IH engaged designer <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> to revamp its product line and logo. In 1938 the first such model was the TD-65 heavy tractor, later renamed the TD-18.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_letter_and_standard_series">The letter and standard series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The letter and standard series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG/220px-Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG/330px-Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG/440px-Summit_New_Jersey_car_show_Sept_2013_6_red_tractor_McCormick_Farmall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>A McCormick Farmall H</figcaption></figure> <p>For model year 1939, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> created the styling for the Farmall "letter series" (A, B, BN, C, <a href="/wiki/Farmall_H" title="Farmall H">H</a>, and M) and the McCormick-Deering "standard series" (W-4, W-6, and W-9).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 1941 the MD model was introduced as the first row crop diesel-powered tractor; over a decade later, IH's largest competitor, John Deere, introduced a diesel option on their row crop models. The letter series tractors were updated to the "super" series in 1953 (with the exception of the A, which had become a "super" in 1947, and the B and BN, which were discontinued in 1948). Many of these tractors (especially the largest, the H, M, and W models) are still in operation on farms today. Especially desirable are the diesel-powered MD, WD-6, and WD-9's. </p><p>The letter and standard series of tractors was produced until 1954 and was a defining product in IH history. </p><p>In 1947, the smallest tractor in the Farmall line was introduced, the <a href="/wiki/Farmall_Cub" title="Farmall Cub">Cub</a>. With a 60-cu. in., four-cylinder engine and a 69-inch wheelbase, the Cub was aimed at small farms which had previously relied on horse-drawn equipment. Like the <a href="/wiki/List_of_John_Deere_tractors#Streamlined_look" title="List of John Deere tractors">various John Deere L/LA/LI models</a>, one of the "mechanization-resistant" markets it hoped to penetrate was the small one-mule family farms of the rural American <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, but the Cub also sold to owners of larger farms needing a second tractor. Production of the Cub commenced at the newly acquired and updated Farmall Works-Louisville plant (formerly the wartime <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a> Aircraft factory in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>). Selling for $545 in 1947, the Cub proved extremely popular and its design continued largely unchanged mechanically until 1979. </p><p>For 1955 in IH tractors, the numbered "hundred series" was offered. Although given slightly different styling and few new features, they were still updates to the models introduced in 1939. The only new tractor in the 1955 lineup was the 300 Utility. In 1957 power was increased in some models and the 230 Utility was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-1955–1985_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1955–1985-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heavy_tractors:_the_1950s">Heavy tractors: the 1950s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heavy tractors: the 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IH would sell 38,000 TD-18 series tractors between 1938 and 1958. The TD-18 would be replaced by an upgraded TD-18A in 1949 and 181/182 variants in 1955. In 1958 the TD-20 crawler was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="60_Series_recall">60 Series recall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 60 Series recall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1958, IH launched a major campaign to introduce a new line of tractors, the 60 series. At the <a href="/wiki/Hinsdale,_Illinois" title="Hinsdale, Illinois">Hinsdale, Illinois</a>, Testing Farm, IH entertained over 12,000 dealers from over 25 countries. The series included the first-of-its-kind six-cylinder 460 and 560 tractors. Unfortunately just a year later, these models were recalled due to final drive component failures. They had not been updated since 1939 and would fail rapidly under the stress of the more powerful 60-series engines. Some customers lost faith in IH and migrated to John Deere's New Generation of Power tractors introduced in 1960. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1960s">1960s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahindra_475_DI_2015_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG/220px-Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG/330px-Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG/440px-Mahindra_475_DI_2015_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The originally British-built International B275 model still in production in India and built by <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_and_Mahindra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahindra and Mahindra">Mahindra and Mahindra </a></figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the 1960s, IH introduced new tractors and new sales techniques. As producing tractors was the lifeblood of the company, IH would have to remain competitive in this field. They both succeeded and failed at this goal but farming was about to change. In 1963, IH introduced the 73 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (54 kW) 706 and 95 hp (71 kW) 806 tractors. Until the 88 series, all numbered series tractors followed a simple numbering system. The first 2-3 digits was the horsepower rating, and the last number was the number of cylinders, so a 1486 was rated 148 hp and had a 6 cyl. engine, while the 1468 had 146 hp and a v8 engine. In 1964, IH made its four-millionth tractor, an 806. In 1965, IH introduced its first 100 hp (75 kW) two-wheel-drive tractor, the 1206. Another option became available in 1965 for the 706, 806, and the new 1206: a factory-installed cab (made by Stopler Allen Co.), often called the "ice cream box" due to its shape. It could be equipped with a fan and heater. By 1967, over 100,000 models 706, 806, and 1206 were built. The 276 was also built at this time, becoming popular for smaller farms with tighter lanes and fields due to its lighter weight. </p><p>In 1967 was the introduction of the bigger and more powerful 56 series tractors as replacements for the popular "06" series. These new models included the 65 hp (48 kW) 656, 76 hp (57 kW) 756, the 101 hp (75 kW) 856, and the 116 hp (87 kW) 1256. The "ice cream box" cab was still an option. In 1969 IH introduced the 1456 Turbo at 131 hp (98 kW). Also that year, the 91 hp (68 kW) 826 was introduced with the option of gearshift or hydrostatic <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmissions</a>. The "ice cream box" cab was dropped and replaced with a new "custom" cab made by Exel Industries which could be equipped with factory air-conditioning, heat, and an AM radio. Another milestone was the 1970 introduction of the 1026 Hydro, basically a hydrostatic version of the 1256 and at that time the most powerful hydrostatic transmission tractor made in the US with 114 hp (85 kW). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970s">1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971, IH introduced the 66 series line. The new models included the 85 hp (63 kW) 766, the 101 hp (75 kW) 966, the 125 hp (93 kW) 1066 turbo, the 145 hp (108 kW) 1466 Turbo, and the 145 hp (108 kW) 1468 V-8. The 130 hp (97 kW) 4166 4WD was also introduced. The 966 and 1066 were available with Hydro or gearshift transmissions and the choice of two-post <a href="/wiki/Roll_over_protection_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Roll over protection structure">roll over protection structures</a> (ROPs) or two different cabs, the "custom" and the "deluxe". Both could be equipped with air conditioning, heat, and AM-FM radios. </p><p>In 1972, the 666 replaced the long-running 656, the 150 hp (110 kW) 1568 V-8 replaced the 1468, and the 160 hp (120 kW) 1566 and the 163 hp (122 kW) 4366 4WD were introduced. Also later that year, four-post ROPs replaced two-post; the "custom" cab was dropped and the "deluxe" cab was now painted red instead of white. Due to horsepower confusions, the 966 and 1066 Hydro models were restriped; the Hydro 100 and the 666 Hydro became the Hydro 70. On February 1, 1974, at 9:00 am, the five-millionth tractor came off the assembly line at the Farmall Plant in Illinois; IH was the first tractor manufacturer to reach that number.<sup id="cite_ref-1955–1985_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1955–1985-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1973, IH officially dropped the "Farmall" name from its tractors, ending a name that had begun with the first Farmall "Regular" in 1924. </p><p>The 230 hp (170 kW) 4568 V-8 4WD was introduced in 1975. In 1976, the entire tractor line got a new paint scheme and decal pattern; instead of the side panels being all white with chrome and black decals, they were now all red with a black-striped sticker. This was done to clear inventory for the forthcoming Pro Ag Line. </p><p>In September 1976, IH released their 86 series Pro Ag Line. The models included the 80 hp (60 kW) 786, the 90 hp (67 kW) 886, the 101 hp (75 kW) 986, the 104 hp (78 kW) 186 Hydro, the 135 hp (101 kW) 1086, the 146 hp (109 kW) 1486 and the 161 hp (120 kW) 1586. These tractors had a new cab dubbed the Control Center that came standard with air conditioning, heat, and several radio-CB options. The driver sat well ahead of the rear axle, and the fuel tank was mounted behind the cab over the rear axle. This improved balance and ride. Also in 1976, the 62 hp (46 kW) 686 along with the "86" series four-wheel-drives were introduced, including the 4186, 4386, 4586, and 4786. </p><p>In 1977, International Harvester introduced the first Axial-Flow rotary combine. This machine, produced at <a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline, Illinois</a>, was the first generation of over 30 years of Axial-Flow combines. </p><p>In 1979 IH introduced two tractors, the 3388 and 3588, known as the 2+2 4WD line. These were built by taking two 1086 rear ends and hooking them together with a transfer case. A year later, the 3788 was introduced. Although these tractors performed well in the field, they never sold well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s">1980s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the 1980s began, IH faced a stable economy, yet an unknown fate. In September 1981, IH announced at a dealership meeting the new "50 Series" of tractors, which included the 136 hp (101 kW) 5088, the 162 hp (121 kW) 5288 and the 187 hp (139 kW) 5488. IH also released the "30 series", which included the 81 hp (60 kW) 3088, the 90 hp (67 kW) 3288, the 112 hp (84 kW) 3488 Hydro, and the 113 hp (84 kW) 3688. These new tractors proved once again that IH was innovative. Designed and styled by IH industrial designer Gregg Montgomery (Montgomery Design International), the new stylish design of the 50 and 30 series changed the look of tractors from that time forward. IH spent over $29 million to develop this new series, and the result was the last great lineup of tractors from International Harvester. </p><p>Many technology-related innovations were used in the new series. A computer monitoring system (Sentry) was developed, and IH became the first manufacturer to add a computer to a farm tractor. Other innovations included a "Z" shift pattern, an 18-speed synchronized transmission, a forward air-flow cooling system which sucked air from above the hood and blew it out the front grille, "Power Priority" three-pump hydraulic system, color-coded hydraulic lines and controls, and a new rear-hitch system. The 50 Series had an unprecedented three-year or 2,500-hour engine and drive-train warranty, which later became an industry standard. Although no new sales records were set, IH sold a respectable number of these tractors during their short production time. IH also released the "60 series 2+2s" and planned on making the "Super 70 series" 2+2s, but only a handful of these exist today. On May 14, 1985, the last IH tractor rolled off the factory line, a 5488 FWA. </p><p>In the late 1970s, IH entered a deal with Spain's <a href="/wiki/Enasa" title="Enasa">Enasa</a> to build diesel engines there as <i>Internacional de Motores</i>. After a downturn in the market coupled to problems with Spain's entry into the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> threatened the profitability of this project, International Harvester withdrew in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Truck9.82_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truck9.82-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for being allowed to escape all conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a>, IH lost their up-front investment in the engine plant and ended up selling British truck manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Seddon_Atkinson" title="Seddon Atkinson">Seddon Atkinson</a> (which had belonged to IH since 1974) to Enasa in 1983. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brand_names_of_the_agriculture_division">Brand names of the agriculture division</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Brand names of the agriculture division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg/220px-McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg/330px-McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg/440px-McCormick_Deering_Tractor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McCormick-Deering_W_series_tractors" title="McCormick-Deering W series tractors">McCormick Deering tractor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>IH over the years used a number of brand names to market their tractor and harvesting products: </p> <ul><li>International (1902–1985)</li> <li>Titan (1910–1924)</li> <li>Mogul (1911–1924)</li> <li>McCormick–Deering (1922–1947)</li> <li>McCormick (1947–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> (1924–1973)</li> <li>Fairway (1924–1938)</li> <li>Electrall (1954–1956)</li> <li>Cub (1947–1985)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_agricultural_products">Other agricultural products</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other agricultural products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with its prominent tractor division, IH also sold several different types of farm-related equipment, such as <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">balers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivator" title="Cultivator">cultivators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">combines</a> (self-propelled and pull behind), <a href="/wiki/Stationary_engine" title="Stationary engine">stationary engines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagons</a>, combine heads, <a href="/wiki/Corn_sheller" title="Corn sheller">corn shellers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton_picker" title="Cotton picker">cotton pickers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manure_spreader" title="Manure spreader">manure spreaders</a>, hay rakes, <a href="/wiki/Aerial_application" title="Aerial application">crop dusters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disc_harrow" title="Disc harrow">disk harrows</a>, elevators, feed grinders, hammer mills, hay conditioners, milking machines, planters, mills, discs, plows, baler twine, and other miscellaneous equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-150_Years_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150_Years-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earthmoving_division">Earthmoving division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Earthmoving division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IH built up its earthmoving division over a period of time, buying companies and acquiring technology. Its heavy tractor range was an established offering, however IH wanted to offer innovative new construction technology. Significant moves included the purchase of the Frank G Hough company <sup id="cite_ref-contractormag.co.nz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contractormag.co.nz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which produced an iconic machine called a PayLoader,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the purchase of French company Yumbo, which produced hydraulic excavators.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1956 and 1982 IH developed and sold a range of off-road <a href="/wiki/Dump_truck" title="Dump truck">dump trucks</a>, which were known commercially as <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Payhauler" title="International Harvester Payhauler">'PayHaulers</a>'. </p><p>International manufactured and sold an extensive range of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">heavy equipment</a>. In 1974 IH renamed this division the 'Payline' division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Payloaders">Payloaders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Payloaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original payloader model was literally a tractor which had forks welded to the front. Frank Hough was the man who invented the concept and Hough's company worked closely with IH until it was purchased in 1952. The terminology came to mean any type of front loader machine, and loaders were manufactured in a number of varieties, included wheeled and track loaders, rear wheel loaders or an articulated steering design.<sup id="cite_ref-contractormag.co.nz_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contractormag.co.nz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PayScrapers">PayScrapers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: PayScrapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1950s contractors worldwide began using motor scrapers as a means of shifting dirt. IH had a hole in its product range; it did not offer a motor scraper product to the market. One of IH's suppliers, a company named Heil Earthmovers, manufactured a range of scrapers called 'Heiliners.'<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than spend money on R&D and enter the market at a later date, in 1953 IH bought Heil's road machinery division, incorporating a range of motor and towed scrapers.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attachments:_blades,_buckets,_rippers_and_compaction_equipment"><span id="Attachments:_blades.2C_buckets.2C_rippers_and_compaction_equipment"></span>Attachments: blades, buckets, rippers and compaction equipment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Attachments: blades, buckets, rippers and compaction equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IH International had a supply agreement for its heavy tractor attachments with a company called <a href="/wiki/Bucyrus-Erie" title="Bucyrus-Erie">Bucyrus-Erie</a>. Amongst a variety of attachment solutions Bucyrus-Erie made a range of cable and hydraulically operated blades which fitted International-Harvester track type tractors. </p><p>IH purchased the blades range from Bucyrus-Erie in the 1950s and absorbed these into its machinery division.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IH also purchased attachments for the tractor range from Isaacson, including logging arches and dozer blades.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrying on with its expansion IH purchased Isaacson's attachments division in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electrall">Electrall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Electrall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Electrall system was introduced in 1954; it was a short-lived attempt to market electrically operated farm equipment and accessories. The system, co-developed with <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, consisted of a 208 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> <a href="/wiki/Three-phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-phase">three-phase</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternating-current" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternating-current">alternating-current</a> generator connected with electric cables to the device to be powered. The generator could even power a household. A 10 kW Electrall generator was an option on the Farmall 400 tractor,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 12.5 kW <a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">PTO</a>-driven version was made.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possible applications of Electrall power were many, but few made it to market. IH marketing materials showed a haybaler being Electrall powered. One of the more novel applications of the Electrall was a device to electrocute insects in the field at night (basically like a modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bug_zapper" title="Bug zapper">bug zapper</a>, but on a larger scale).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Road_vehicles">Road vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Road vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_duty_trucks">Light duty trucks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Light duty trucks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IH is often remembered as a maker of relatively successful and innovative "light" lines of vehicles, competing directly against the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_automobile_manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Three automobile manufacturers">Big Three</a>. The most common were <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup trucks</a>. IH made light trucks from 1907 to 1975, beginning with the Model A Auto Wagon (sometimes called the "Auto Buggy").<sup id="cite_ref-Cornelia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornelia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production commenced in February 1907 at IH's McCormick Works in Chicago, although production was moved to <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</a>, in October that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornelia_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornelia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Powered by a horizontally opposed, air-cooled twin around 15 hp (11 kW), it was a right-hand-drive model popular in rural areas for high ground clearance on the poor roads typical of the era. It featured a rear seat convertible to a carrier bed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Auto Wagon was renamed the Motor Truck in 1910, and was a forerunner to the successful modern pickup truck. They were called IHC until 1914, when the 'International' name was first applied.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornelia_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornelia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final light line truck was made on May 5, 1975. </p><p>Following the early success with the Auto Buggy, International released their <a href="/wiki/International_K_and_KB_series" title="International K and KB series">K and KB series</a> trucks in the mid-1940s. They were simpler and sturdier than other trucks released in that era. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/International_L_series" title="International L series">L series</a> in 1949, which was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/International_R_series" title="International R series">R series</a> in 1952, followed by the <a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">S series</a> (a name re-used later for IH's larger medium-duty trucks) in 1955. In 1957, to celebrate IH's <a href="/wiki/Golden_anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden anniversary">golden anniversary</a> as a truck manufacturer, this was replaced by the new <a href="/wiki/International_A_series" title="International A series">A line</a>. 'A' stands for anniversary. With light modifications to its appearance, but more serious changes under the shell (and a number of new names), this design continued in production until replaced by the 1100D in late 1969, which looked very similar to the <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">Scout</a> which was already in production.<sup id="cite_ref-paskapoo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paskapoo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corresponding with the truck "letter lines" was the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Metro_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Metro Van">Metro</a> line of step (delivery) vans. Starting in 1938 and manufactured through 1975, the Metro series was produced and updated with each iteration of IH's truck lines. Also, special-use variants were sold, such as the Metro Coach (a bus version with windows and passenger seats) and Metro front-end section and chassis for full commercial customization. Additional variants were based on the medium-duty engine and chassis lines.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IH abandoned sales of passenger vehicles in 1980 to concentrate on commercial trucks and school buses. </p><p>The Scout and Light Truck parts business was sold to Scout/Light Line Distributors, Inc. in 1991. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_International_Wagon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1911 International Harvester Auto Wagon (High wheeler)"><img alt="1911 International Harvester Auto Wagon (High wheeler)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/1911_International_Wagon.JPG/198px-1911_International_Wagon.JPG" decoding="async" width="198" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/1911_International_Wagon.JPG/297px-1911_International_Wagon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/1911_International_Wagon.JPG/396px-1911_International_Wagon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1911 <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Auto-Buggy#Auto_Wagon" title="International Harvester Auto-Buggy">International Harvester Auto Wagon</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_wheeler" title="High wheeler">High wheeler</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="International Harvester Auto-Buggy"><img alt="International Harvester Auto-Buggy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg/200px-International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg/300px-International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg/400px-International_Torpedo_-_Coupe_Florio_2015_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Auto-Buggy#Auto_Buggy" title="International Harvester Auto-Buggy">International Harvester Auto-Buggy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%2727_International_stakebed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1927 International one-ton stakebed"><img alt="1927 International one-ton stakebed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%2727_International_stakebed.jpg/200px-%2727_International_stakebed.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%2727_International_stakebed.jpg/300px-%2727_International_stakebed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%2727_International_stakebed.jpg/400px-%2727_International_stakebed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1927 International one-ton stakebed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1954 R110 series pickup"><img alt="1954 R110 series pickup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG/200px-1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG/300px-1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG/400px-1954_International_R110_Truck.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1954 <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_R-Series#Model_overview" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester R-Series">R110</a> series pickup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1956_international_pickup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1957 A series pickup"><img alt="1957 A series pickup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1956_international_pickup.jpg/200px-1956_international_pickup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1956_international_pickup.jpg/300px-1956_international_pickup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1956_international_pickup.jpg/400px-1956_international_pickup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1957 <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_A_series" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester A series">A series</a> pickup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IHC_TRUCK.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1965 International D1000 Travelette 4x4"><img alt="1965 International D1000 Travelette 4x4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IHC_TRUCK.jpg/200px-IHC_TRUCK.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IHC_TRUCK.jpg/300px-IHC_TRUCK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/IHC_TRUCK.jpg/400px-IHC_TRUCK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1965 International D1000 Travelette 4x4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1975_International_150_Pick-Up_(29146707494).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1975 International 150"><img alt="1975 International 150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg/200px-1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg/300px-1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg/400px-1975_International_150_Pick-Up_%2829146707494%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1975 International 150 </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sport-utility_vehicles">Sport-utility vehicles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sport-utility vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the company's light-duty vehicles was the <a href="/wiki/International_Travelall" title="International Travelall">Travelall</a>, which was similar in concept to the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Travelette" title="International Travelette">Travelette</a> was a crew cab, available in <a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">two-</a> or <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a>. A three-door version was available starting in 1957, and a four-door version was available starting in 1961. The 1961 Travelette four-door (crewcab) was the first six-passenger, four-door truck of its time. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">Scout</a>, first introduced in 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-Cornelia_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornelia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a small, two-door SUV, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a>. In 1972, the Scout became the Scout II, and in 1974, <a href="/wiki/Dana_44" title="Dana 44">Dana 44</a> axles, power steering, and power disc brakes became standard. After the <a href="/wiki/International_Light_Line_pickup" title="International Light Line pickup">Light Line pickups</a> and Travelall were discontinued in 1975, the Scout Traveler and Terra became available, both with a longer wheelbase than a standard Scout II. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61Scout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red 1961 International Scout"><img alt="Red 1961 International Scout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/61Scout.jpg/200px-61Scout.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/61Scout.jpg/300px-61Scout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/61Scout.jpg/400px-61Scout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red 1961 <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">International Scout</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1973_International_Scout_(14250005444).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1973 International Scout"><img alt="1973 International Scout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg/200px-1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg/300px-1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg/400px-1973_International_Scout_%2814250005444%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1973 International Scout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_(2015-08-07)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1979 International Scout II"><img alt="1979 International Scout II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg/200px-1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg/300px-1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg/400px-1979_International_Harvester_Scout_II_Traveler_wagon_%282015-08-07%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1979 International Scout II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_International_Travelall_1100C_(6012671757)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1968 International Travelall 1100C"><img alt="1968 International Travelall 1100C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-1968_International_Travelall_1100C_%286012671757%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2711" data-file-height="1826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1968 <a href="/wiki/International_Travelall" title="International Travelall">International Travelall</a> 1100C</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_(27969802802).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1975 International Travelall Custom 150"><img alt="1975 International Travelall Custom 150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg/200px-1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg/300px-1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg/400px-1975_International_Travelall_Custom_150_%2827969802802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1975 International Travelall Custom 150</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorhomes">Motorhomes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Motorhomes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Motorhome" title="Motorhome">motorhomes</a> were manufactured using IHC engines and bare chassis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most of the bodies were constructed of fiberglass.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_trucks_(Truck_and_Engine_Division)"><span id="Commercial_trucks_.28Truck_and_Engine_Division.29"></span>Commercial trucks (Truck and Engine Division)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Commercial trucks (Truck and Engine Division)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International Harvester was an early manufacturer of medium- and heavy-duty trucks. Although based upon truck chassis, IH also became the leading manufacturer of the chassis portion of body-on-chassis conventional (type C) school buses. In 1962, IH offered the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Loadstar" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Loadstar">International Harvester Loadstar</a> which became the premier medium-duty truck. In 1978, IH offered the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_S-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester S-Series">International Harvester S-Series</a>, which replaced the Loadstar in 1979. </p><p>With the truck and engine divisions remaining following the 1985 sale of the agricultural division, International Harvester Company changed their corporate name to Navistar International in 1986. Today, Navistar International's subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/International_Truck_and_Engine_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Truck and Engine Corporation">International Truck and Engine Corporation</a>, manufactures and markets trucks and engines under the International brand name. From 1983 to 2010, Ford Motor Company offered International V8 diesel engines in heavy-duty pickup trucks, vans, and SUVs (using the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Power Stroke</a> name after 1994). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1960s_2">1960s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/International_Loadstar" title="International Loadstar">International Loadstar</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Fleetstar" title="International Fleetstar">International Fleetstar</a></div> <p>In 1961, the DCO-400 "Emeryville" model line was expanded with a conventional; officially named the D-400, the model line shared its cab with the COE and was the first International conventional produced with a tilting hood.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, International began to phase out the R-line series of trucks (dating to 1953). In place of a comprehensive model line ranging from half-ton pickup trucks to its largest Class 8 trucks, International introduced two purpose-built model lines for commercial use. Slotted above its Light Line pickup trucks, the <a href="/wiki/International_Loadstar" title="International Loadstar">Loadstar</a> was a medium-duty conventional-cab truck.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 1963, International introduced the heavier-duty <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Fleetstar" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Fleetstar">Fleetstar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a short-hood conventional slotted between the Loadstar and the heavier-duty R and V-Line conventionals. While no longer serving as a comprehensive model range, the Loadstar shared its cab with the A-series pickup truck (and its derivatives); as a cowled chassis, the Loadstar was produced for bus use (the IHC Schoolmaster). Sharing only its name with its conventional-cab namesake, the Loadstar CO was a low-cab COE (with a forward-tilting cab). </p><p>In 1965, International introduced the CO-4000, the first heavy-duty COE designed entirely by the company, replacing the DCO-400 "Emeryville" COE (which sourced its cab design from <a href="/wiki/Diamond_T" title="Diamond T">Diamond T</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a design feature that would be adopted by International COEs into the 1990s, the cab was designed with a large trapezoidal grille. </p><p>In 1968, International redesigned the Fleetstar, adopting the cab of the <a href="/wiki/International_Light_Line_pickup" title="International Light Line pickup">Light Line</a> pickups. Renamed the Fleetstar-A, the redesign marked the consolidation of the Fleetstar with the previous R-line and V-line trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest R-210 and R-230 remained (dropping their R prefix) alongside the newly introduced M-series as the largest International trucks, sharing a common cab (dating back to 1952).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Transtar name made its first appearance, as the CO-4000 was replaced by the Transtar CO4070/4090; while visually similar to its predecessor, the Transtar CO was designed with an all-new cab (to accommodate larger diesel engines).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 1969, International introduced the final version of the Emeryville model line, with the DC-400 Transtar 400 replacing the D-400. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_(7182063427).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late 1960s-early 1970s Loadstar 1700"><img alt="Late 1960s-early 1970s Loadstar 1700" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg/200px-International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg/300px-International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg/400px-International_Loadstar_1700_Truck_%287182063427%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late 1960s-early 1970s <a href="/wiki/International_Loadstar" title="International Loadstar">Loadstar</a> 1700</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit,_Graceland_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1960s Loadstar CO1700"><img alt="1960s Loadstar CO1700" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg/200px-International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg/300px-International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg/400px-International_CO_tank_truck_at_Elvis_Presleys_custom_jets_exhibit%2C_Graceland_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1960s Loadstar CO1700</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_210_heavy_recovery_(9154447488).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1960-1971 210 in service as tow truck (export)"><img alt="1960-1971 210 in service as tow truck (export)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg/200px-International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg/300px-International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg/400px-International_210_heavy_recovery_%289154447488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1960-1971 210 in service as tow truck (export)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1969-1971 Transtar 400 (export)"><img alt="1969-1971 Transtar 400 (export)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg/200px-International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg/300px-International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg/400px-International_Harvester_Transtar_400.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1969-1971 <a href="/wiki/International_Transtar" title="International Transtar">Transtar</a> 400 (export)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IH_CO-4000,_Mayflower_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1965-1968 CO-4000 COE"><img alt="1965-1968 CO-4000 COE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg/200px-IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg/300px-IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg/400px-IH_CO-4000%2C_Mayflower_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="3083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1965-1968 CO-4000 COE</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970s_2">1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/International_Transtar#Historical_models_(International_Harvester)" title="International Transtar">International Transtar</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">International S series</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">International Paystar</a></div> <p>In 1970, International split the CO Loadstar into its own product line, dubbed the Cargostar. As part of a model update, the Cargostar received a larger grille and wider cab than its predecessor. Competing directly against the <a href="/wiki/Ford_C_series" title="Ford C series">Ford C-Series</a>, the Cargostar was a medium-duty truck fitted with a choice of gasoline or diesel engine (shared with the Loadstar conventional). </p><p>1971 marked the end of the "Emeryville" product lines, as the DC-400 Transtar 400 was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/International_9000#First_generation_(Transtar;_1971-1985)" title="International 9000">Transtar 4200/4300</a>. Developed as a Class 8 highway tractor, the Transtar 4200/4300 introduced an all-new cab that continued to be used for International heavy-duty trucks through 1999. Competing against a wide range of manufacturers, the Transtar conventional was offered in both short and long-hood configurations for both regional and long-distance shipping. </p><p>In 1972, the Paystar 5000 series was introduced, replacing the 210/230 and M-series trucks (which dated to 1952). Developed for severe-service use (primarily construction and related applications), the Paystar shared its cab with the Transtar, but used a heavier-duty chassis, steel fenders, and a flat-panel hood.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medium-duty Loadstar received an optional tilting hood with a larger grille and straighter-edge fenders (updating its appearance for the first time in 10 years). </p><p>In 1974, the Transtar II COE was introduced, following a redesign of the Transtar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognizable by its top-mounted windshield wipers, the Transtar II standardized the previous raised-cab option, as the previous 852-cubic-inch Detroit Diesel 12V71 V12 was replaced by some of the largest-displacement engines that had ever been fitted to a road-going vehicle at that time, including the Cummins KTA diesel I6 (1,150 cubic inches) and the Caterpillar 3408 diesel V8 (1,099 cubic inches). On the other end of the size scale, the Cargostar underwent a second update, with a slightly wider cab and a much larger grille (which shares the black trim band of the Transtar COE grille). </p><p>For 1976, International launched its "Eagle" flagship brand, used into the 2010s. </p><p>In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">International S-series</a> was introduced, consolidating the Fleetstar and Loadstar into a single model range.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While less comprehensive than the product ranges of the 1930s to the 1950s, the S-series product line included medium-duty, heavy-duty, severe-service, and highway trucks (along with a new generation of the Schoolmaster bus chassis) in the Class 5 to Class 8 size ranges. At its 1977 launch, the S-series was introduced to replace the Fleetstar; lighter-duty models to replace the Loadstar were phased in during 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competing against an extensive segment of the truck industry, the S-Series was produced in multiple layouts, hood lengths, and axle configurations; gasoline and diesel engines were offered.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Produced as a cowled chassis (Schoolmaster), straight truck, or semitractor, the S-Series was produced from 1977 to 2004, making it the longest-ever production run for the company (as either International Harvester or Navistar). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_tractor_truck._(cropped).JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="1970-1973 Cargostar"><img alt="1970-1973 Cargostar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG/181px-US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG" decoding="async" width="181" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG/272px-US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG/362px-US_Army_tractor_truck._%28cropped%29.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1959" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1970-1973 Cargostar </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Paystar_5000_(17907647946).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late 1970s Paystar 5000 (export)"><img alt="Late 1970s Paystar 5000 (export)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg/200px-International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg/300px-International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg/400px-International_Paystar_5000_%2817907647946%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late 1970s Paystar 5000 (export)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_(Macungie,_Pa).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1974-1980 Transtar II COE"><img alt="1974-1980 Transtar II COE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg/200px-IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg/300px-IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg/400px-IH_Transtar_II_at_the_International_Transtar_2010_ATCA_meet_%28Macungie%2C_Pa%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1974-1980 Transtar II COE </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s_2">1980s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/International_Newport_series" class="mw-redirect" title="International Newport series">International CO9000</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_9000_(COE)" title="International 9000 (COE)">International 9000 (COE)</a></div> <p>In 1981, International introduced the <a href="/wiki/International_9000_(COE)" title="International 9000 (COE)">CO9670</a>, replacing the Transtar II. Sharing only the trapezoidal grille with the previous Transtar II, the CO9670 was designed with a larger cab with improved visibility and improved access (larger windshield, shared doors with the Transtar/Paystar conventional); to increase fuel economy, the Cummins KTA diesel was replaced by a turbocharged Cummins N-series I6.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 1985, the Transtar conventional was reintroduced, becoming the <a href="/wiki/International_9000" title="International 9000">International 9000 series</a>; while the short-hood Transtar was discontinued (overlapped by the S2200 and S2300 Class 8 tractors), the long-hood 4300 was renamed the International 9370. Sharing its cab with the Transtar, the 9370 was restyled with a larger grille and vertically stacked quad headlamps. </p><p> After seeing almost no change since 1974, International ended production of the Cargostar (the final Loadstar-based truck). As the company did not develop a tilt-cab truck derived from the S-series (or a distinct vehicle), International introduced the 400/500/700/900 low-cab COE, produced by <a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">Nissan Diesel</a> (UD). The first imported vehicle marketed by the company, the 400-900 was marketed through 1991. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early 1980s S1900 dump truck"><img alt="Early 1980s S1900 dump truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg/200px-FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg/300px-FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg/400px-FEMA_-_18368_-_Photograph_by_Ed_Edahl_taken_on_11-02-2005_in_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Early 1980s S1900 dump truck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_(17045842382).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1984 International CO9670"><img alt="1984 International CO9670" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg/200px-1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg/300px-1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg/400px-1984_International_CO9670_Cabover_%2817045842382%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1984 International CO9670</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1985-1988 9370 Eagle (front view)"><img alt="1985-1988 9370 Eagle (front view)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg/127px-International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg/191px-International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg/255px-International_Eagle_car_carrying_trailer_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1985-1988 9370 Eagle (front view)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overseas_subsidiaries">Overseas subsidiaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Overseas subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Utility_1953_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG/250px-International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG/375px-International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG/500px-International_Utility_1953_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>1953 International Utility</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australian_Army_designs">Australian Army designs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Australian Army designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International Harvester Australia, a subsidiary of the US manufacturer, had a long relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> with the US-designed AS series trucks in the early 1950s. The AS164 4x2 used as a tractor unit<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 4x2 AS161 used as a trayback troop transport<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association between International Harvester Australia and the Australian Army developed and in conjunction with the Army Design Establishment of the Australian Commonwealth Department of Supply, designed and constructed a range of trucks for the Australian Army. With the body loosely based upon the design of cab 13 of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Military_Pattern_truck" title="Canadian Military Pattern truck">Canadian Military Pattern truck</a>, the first prototype built in 1959 was the International Truck Cargo <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> Ton General Service, Australian No.1 Mk1.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was followed by the Mk2 prototype. A variant with a midmounted, 20,000-lb winch, resulted in the first production model,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Mk3 entering service in 1963 – just in time for Australia's entry into the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. </p><p>A five-ton 6×6 version was to follow with three major variants the Truck Cargo 5 Ton with winch F1<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which replaced the Mk3 in Vietnam service. </p><p>The F2 a tipper version<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that replaced the International Harvester AB160 "teaspoon Tipper"<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in both Vietnam and Borneo theatres of operations. </p><p>The F5 wrecker<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a lack of 4×4 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ton trucks available because of the Vietnam War, the Mk3 was supplemented with further 4×4 production with the updated Mk4 version<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which shared the cab with the 6×6 variants Production of The Australian No.1. range of trucks were produced until 1973. The Mk3, Mk4, F1, F2 and F5 saw service until the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ACCO">ACCO</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: ACCO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Australian designed and built International Australian A-line Cab Over (AACO) was first produced in the late 1960s and later in 1972 the Australian C-line Cab Over (ACCO) . The ACCO is a <a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">cab over engine</a> type truck and has been offered in 4x2, 4x4, 6x2, 6x4, 8x4, and 10x4 configurations. Engines used have been <a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins</a>, Neuss or <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> with Road-Ranger or <a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison</a> transmissions and <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Automation" title="Rockwell Automation">Rockwell</a> differentials. The ACCO range were built to order, serving private operators, fire departments, military services, and municipal departments across Australia and New Zealand. The cabs for NZ assembled Accos were welded, painted, wired, glazed and trimmed, using locally sourced parts and materials, by Steel's Motor Assemblies which was formed by the parent truck trailer making company in the mid-1960s to assemble Prince/Nissan Gloria sedans and later also assembled Toyota Corona sedans and other models. Upholstery vinyl was shared with the contemporary Toyota cars. The ACCO became the most popular product of International Harvester in Australia. The ACCO was discontinued in November 2019 and replaced by a locally built European designed ACCO, under the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="International ACCO"><img alt="International ACCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg/200px-Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg/300px-Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg/400px-Old_Truck_With_Generator_Loaded_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">International ACCO</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EF2878.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="NZFS 1969 C1800 Butterbox ACCO"><img alt="NZFS 1969 C1800 Butterbox ACCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/EF2878.jpg/200px-EF2878.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/EF2878.jpg/300px-EF2878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/EF2878.jpg/400px-EF2878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">NZFS 1969 C1800 Butterbox ACCO</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazilian_subsidiary">Brazilian subsidiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Brazilian subsidiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International Harvester Máquinas S.A. was established with Brazilian government support as part of a project to develop a vehicle industry there. Their first product was the International S-184 heavy truck.<sup id="cite_ref-shapiro_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shapiro-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966 Chrysler purchased International's Brazilian plant.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_products">Home products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Home products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_appliances">Home appliances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Home appliances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg/220px-N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg/330px-N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg/440px-N._P._Hurst_Motor_Co._IH_dealer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Postcard of an IH dealer in Texas, showing trucks, tractors and refrigeration equipment</figcaption></figure> <p>Although best known for farm equipment, IH produced home appliances for farmers and nonfarmers alike. This included <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a> equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigerators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioners">air conditioners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freezers" class="mw-redirect" title="Freezers">freezers</a>. IH had a refrigeration division of its own, as did other vehicle manufacturers of the time: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> had <a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> had <a href="/wiki/Airtemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtemp">Airtemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> had <a href="/wiki/Frigidaire" title="Frigidaire">Frigidaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nash-Kelvinator_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nash-Kelvinator Corporation">Nash-Kelvinator Corporation</a> (and then <a href="/wiki/American_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="American Motors">American Motors</a>) had <a href="/wiki/Kelvinator" title="Kelvinator">Kelvinator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> had the Franklin Appliance Company, and Crosley had <a href="/wiki/Crosley_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosley Corporation">Crosley</a>. </p><p>The IH appliance division had originally been developed to manufacture commercial-grade items to farmers, most of whom had just received electricity by way of the many electrification projects in the U.S. before and after World War II. Among the offerings were milk coolers and walk-in <a href="/wiki/Freezers" class="mw-redirect" title="Freezers">freezers</a> for produce and meat. Later on, IH courted the farmer's wife with kitchen refrigerators available in the latest designer styles. The IH spokeswoman for these products was Irma Harding, a factory trademark. These products were introduced in 1947 and sold for less than 10 years. The refrigeration division was sold to <a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation" title="Whirlpool Corporation">Whirlpool Corporation</a> in 1955. Since the duration of production was short, IH appliances are rare today.<sup id="cite_ref-150_Years_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150_Years-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the American sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a></i>, the refrigerator in Monica's apartment is a circa 1950 International Harvester. Several close-ups can be seen in Season 8, Episode 17, "TOW The Tea Leaves." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawn_and_garden">Lawn and garden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Lawn and garden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg/220px-Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg/330px-Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg/440px-Cub_Cadet_Loader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="2602" /></a><figcaption>A 1979 <a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> loader, made two years before the line was sold to the Modern Tool and Die Company</figcaption></figure> <p>IH branched out into the home lawn and garden business in 1961 with its line of <a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> equipment, which included riding and walk-behind <a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower" title="Lawn mower">lawn mowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snow_blower" title="Snow blower">snow blowers</a>. Also produced were compost shredders, rotary tillers, Cadet garden tractors, and power washers. </p><p>The Cub Cadet line was sold to <a href="/wiki/MTD_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="MTD Products">MTD Products</a> in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_products">Other products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Other products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense">Defense</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IH manufactured light, medium, and heavy vehicles for military use. Examples include a Metro van sold to the Czechoslovakian Army in 1938, <a href="/wiki/M5_tractor" title="M5 tractor">M5 tractors</a> and 2.5-ton M-5H-6 trucks for the US Navy and Marines in 1942,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 3,500 2.5 ton M-5-6-318 cargo trucks provided mostly to the Soviet Union and China.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weapons">Weapons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1951, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a> contracted International Harvester to produce <a href="/wiki/M1_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 rifle">M1 rifles</a>, and from 1953 to 1956 IH produced 337,623 rifles in total, according to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="Royal Army Ordnance Corps">Army Ordnance Department</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HT-341">HT-341</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: HT-341"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959, International Harvester created a jet turbine-powered tractor called the International HT-341. It was donated to the Smithsonian Institution in 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmall_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmall tractor">Farmall tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall_Cub" title="Farmall Cub">Farmall Cub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_wheeler" title="High wheeler">High wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">International Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_(song)" title="International Harvester (song)">"International Harvester" song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester_vehicles" title="List of International Harvester vehicles">List of International Harvester vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Klancher" title="Lee Klancher">Lee Klancher</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb2020" class="citation book cs1">Goldfarb, Bruce (2020). <i>18 Tiny Deaths: The Untold Story of Frances Glessner Lee and the Invention of Modern Forensics</i>. Waterville, Maine: <a href="/wiki/Sourcebooks_(publisher)" title="Sourcebooks (publisher)">Sourcebooks</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781492680475" title="Special:BookSources/9781492680475"><bdi>9781492680475</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1096529139">1096529139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=18+Tiny+Deaths%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Frances+Glessner+Lee+and+the+Invention+of+Modern+Forensics&rft.place=Waterville%2C+Maine&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Sourcebooks&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1096529139&rft.isbn=9781492680475&rft.aulast=Goldfarb&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1964" class="citation journal cs1">Kramer, Helen M. (1964). "Harvesters and High Finance: Formation of the International Harvester Company". <i>Business History Review</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 283–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3112159">10.2307/3112159</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3112159">3112159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History+Review&rft.atitle=Harvesters+and+High+Finance%3A+Formation+of+the+International+Harvester+Company&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283-301&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3112159&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3112159%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Helen+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319140140/http://antiquefarming.com/internationalharvester.html">"International Harvester"</a>. <i>Antique Farming web site</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquefarming.com/internationalharvester.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antique+Farming+web+site&rft.atitle=International+Harvester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquefarming.com%2Finternationalharvester.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAG-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JAG_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarraty1960" class="citation book cs1">Garraty, John A. (1960). <i>Right-hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins</i>. 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International Harvester Company. 1949<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1948+International+Harvester+Annual+Report&rft.pub=International+Harvester+Company&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZlIAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DMetropolitan%2BBody%2BCompany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Across the Pacific". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vintage_Trucks_%26_Commercials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vintage Trucks & Commercials (page does not exist)">Vintage Trucks & Commercials</a> Magazine</i>. No. 59. Australia: Jarrah Media Group. May 2020. pp. 18–24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1838-0492">1838-0492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Trucks+%26+Commercials+Magazine&rft.atitle=Across+the+Pacific&rft.issue=59&rft.pages=18-24&rft.date=2020-05&rft.issn=1838-0492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/navistar-international">"Navistar International: Information from"</a>. 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"Interaction Norms as Carriers of Organizational Culture: A Study of Labor Negotiations at International Harvester". <i>Journal of Contemporary Ethnography.</i> 18:1 (April 1989); Zimmerman, Frederick M. <i>The Turnaround Experience: Real-World Lessons in Revitalizing Corporations.</i> New York: McGraw–Hill, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-072899-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-072899-2">0-07-072899-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eight_Decades-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eight_Decades_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eight_Decades_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeffingwell2005" class="citation book cs1">Leffingwell, Randy (2005). <i>Farmall Eight Decades of Innovation</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2136-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-2136-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farmall+Eight+Decades+of+Innovation&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-2136-2&rft.aulast=Leffingwell&rft.aufirst=Randy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon1999" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfgang (November 27, 1999). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/27/business/louis-menk-railroad-executive-dies-at-81.html">"Louis Menk, Railroad Executive, Dies at 81"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Louis+Menk%2C+Railroad+Executive%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1999-11-27&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F11%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Flouis-menk-railroad-executive-dies-at-81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Placardat-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Placardat_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Placardat_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Placard at <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Western_Development_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Western Development Museum">WDM</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colemuseum.org/">Cole Land Transportation Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petcaretips.net/john-deere-r.html">"A History of John Deere Model R Tractors"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+John+Deere+Model+R+Tractors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petcaretips.net%2Fjohn-deere-r.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/td-18/">"TD-18"</a>. March 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TD-18&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Ftd-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzcmrcpTpcC&q=allis+chalmers+raymond+loewy&pg=PA60"><i>The Big Book of Farmall Tractors</i></a>. Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610605168" title="Special:BookSources/9781610605168"><bdi>9781610605168</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Farmall+Tractors&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.isbn=9781610605168&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkNzcmrcpTpcC%26q%3Dallis%2Bchalmers%2Braymond%2Bloewy%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1955–1985-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1955–1985_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1955–1985_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpdike2000" class="citation book cs1">Updike, Kenneth (2000). <i>International Harvester Tractors 1955–1985</i>. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0682-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0682-6"><bdi>978-0-7603-0682-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Harvester+Tractors+1955%E2%80%931985&rft.place=Osceola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-0682-6&rft.aulast=Updike&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/international-td20-and-td20b/">"International TD"</a>. September 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+TD&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Finternational-td20-and-td20b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Truck9.82-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Truck9.82_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="truck982" class="citation journal cs1">Kennett, Pat (September 1982). "Intertruck: Spain". <i>TRUCK</i>: 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TRUCK&rft.atitle=Intertruck%3A+Spain&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1982-09&rft.aulast=Kennett&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150_Years-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-150_Years_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-150_Years_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendel2004" class="citation book cs1">Wendel, Charles (2004). <i>150 Years of International Harvester</i>. Lola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87349-928-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87349-928-6"><bdi>978-0-87349-928-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=150+Years+of+International+Harvester&rft.place=Lola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-87349-928-6&rft.aulast=Wendel&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-contractormag.co.nz-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-contractormag.co.nz_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-contractormag.co.nz_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/hough/">"Forgotten companies – Hough - Contractor Magazine"</a>. March 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forgotten+companies+%E2%80%93+Hough+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Fhough%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/international-560-payloader/">"Classic Machines: The International 560 payloader - Contractor Magazine"</a>. March 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Machines%3A+The+International+560+payloader+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Finternational-560-payloader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106071245/http://nationalihcollectors.com/PDF/Yumbo_Hydraulic_Excavator.pdf">"Yumbo Hydraulic Excavator"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalihcollectors.com/PDF/Yumbo_Hydraulic_Excavator.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yumbo+Hydraulic+Excavator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalihcollectors.com%2FPDF%2FYumbo_Hydraulic_Excavator.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/2t-55/">"International-Harvester's 2T-55 & 2T-75 PayScrapers - Contractor Magazine"</a>. August 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International-Harvester%27s+2T-55+%26+2T-75+PayScrapers+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2F2t-55%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/heil-earthmoving/">"Forgotten companies: Heil - Contractor Magazine"</a>. March 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forgotten+companies%3A+Heil+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Fheil-earthmoving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/international-harvester-td-24/">"The IH TD-24 tractor - Contractor Magazine"</a>. March 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+IH+TD-24+tractor+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Finternational-harvester-td-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/forgotten-companies/isaacson/">"Forgotten companies: Isaacson - Contractor Magazine"</a>. June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forgotten+companies%3A+Isaacson+-+Contractor+Magazine&rft.date=2023-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontractormag.co.nz%2Fclassic-machines%2Fforgotten-companies%2Fisaacson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The mid-mount Electrall unit installs on the Super M-TA, Super W-6TA, 400, 450 and 560 tractors equipped with the I-PTO option.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octanepress.com/content/brief-life-international-harvester-farmall-tractor-electrall">"Brief Life of the Electrall"</a>. <i>Octane Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Octane+Press&rft.atitle=Brief+Life+of+the+Electrall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foctanepress.com%2Fcontent%2Fbrief-life-international-harvester-farmall-tractor-electrall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/production/jafcau/1954/jafcau.1954.2.issue-14/jf60034a600/jf60034a600.fp.png">"Insect Electrocution"</a>. <i>Ag and Food Newsletter</i>. <b>2</b> (14): 711. July 7, 1954<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ag+and+Food+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Insect+Electrocution&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=711&rft.date=1954-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fappl%2Fliteratum%2Fpublisher%2Fachs%2Fjournals%2Fproduction%2Fjafcau%2F1954%2Fjafcau.1954.2.issue-14%2Fjf60034a600%2Fjf60034a600.fp.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornelia-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cornelia_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cornelia_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cornelia_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cornelia_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hansenwebdesign.com/truck/history_trucks.html">"Press Release - International Harvester History: Trucks"</a>. International Harvester. 1961 – via Hansen Web Design. <q>(Source: Wisconsin Historical Society - International Harvester Archives)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release+-+International+Harvester+History%3A+Trucks&rft.pub=International+Harvester&rft.date=1961&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hansenwebdesign.com%2Ftruck%2Fhistory_trucks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Placard at the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Western_Development_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Western Development Museum">Saskatchewan Western Development Museum</a>, where the car was on display.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paskapoo-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paskapoo_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301041454/http://paskapoopark.com/truckcolletion.htm">"Smithson International Truck Museum: Truck Collection"</a>. Rimbey, Alberta, Canada: Pas-ka-poo Historical Park. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paskapoopark.com/truckcolletion.htm">the original</a> on March 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithson+International+Truck+Museum%3A+Truck+Collection&rft.place=Rimbey%2C+Alberta%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Pas-ka-poo+Historical+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaskapoopark.com%2Ftruckcolletion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlsom" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Carlsom, B Mitchell. "The Timeless Metro". <i>Red Power</i>. Sept/Oct, Nov/Dec, Jan/Feb. 27 & 28: 34–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Red+Power&rft.atitle=The+Timeless+Metro&rft.volume=27+%26+28&rft.pages=34-36&rft.aulast=Carlsom&rft.aufirst=B+Mitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2018" class="citation web cs1">Donnelly, Jim (September 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/blog/article/an-emeryville-with-a-difference/">"An Emeryville With a Difference"</a>. <i>Hemmings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings&rft.atitle=An+Emeryville+With+a+Difference&rft.date=2018-09-23&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fblog%2Farticle%2Fan-emeryville-with-a-difference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/ihc/id/31373">"The International Trail: Volume 32, number 2, 1962 :: McCormick - International Harvester Collection"</a>. <i>content.wisconsinhistory.org</i>. pp. 3–5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=content.wisconsinhistory.org&rft.atitle=The+International+Trail%3A+Volume+32%2C+number+2%2C+1962+%3A%3A+McCormick+-+International+Harvester+Collection&rft.pages=3-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fihc%2Fid%2F31373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Anderson_says2019" class="citation web cs1">Charles Anderson says (June 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801200109/https://www.freightwaves.com/news/flashback-friday-profiling-international-harvesters-rich-history">"Flashback Friday: profiling International Harvester's rich history in trucks"</a>. <i>FreightWaves</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freightwaves.com/news/flashback-friday-profiling-international-harvesters-rich-history">the original</a> on August 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreightWaves&rft.atitle=Flashback+Friday%3A+profiling+International+Harvester%27s+rich+history+in+trucks&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.au=Charles+Anderson+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freightwaves.com%2Fnews%2Fflashback-friday-profiling-international-harvesters-rich-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2015" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Patrick (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-uuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125"><i>International Harvester Trucks: The Complete History</i></a>. Motorbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62788-817-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62788-817-2"><bdi>978-1-62788-817-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Harvester+Trucks%3A+The+Complete+History&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.isbn=978-1-62788-817-2&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-uuCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Crismon">Crismon</a>, p. 485</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Crismon">Crismon</a>, p. 495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remlr.com/Army-Inter/AR164.html">"The Army Inter Chapter – AR164"</a>. REMLR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Army+Inter+Chapter+%E2%80%93+AR164&rft.pub=REMLR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fremlr.com%2FArmy-Inter%2FAR164.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remlr.com/Army-Inter/AS161.html">"The Army Inter Chapter – AS161"</a>. REMLR<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wisconsinhistory.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/libraryarchives/ihc/faq.asp">the original</a> on November 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olive-drab.com&rft.atitle=2+1%2F2-ton%2C+6x6+Trucks+of+WW+II+P2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folive-drab.com%2Fod_mvg_www_deuce_ww2_p2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053929/http://www.o5m6.de/ihc_m_5_6x4-318.html">"Engines of the Red Army in WW2 – International M-5-6x4-318 with BM-13-16 Katiusha rocket launcher"</a>. <i>O5m6.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.o5m6.de/ihc_m_5_6x4-318.html">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O5m6.de&rft.atitle=Engines+of+the+Red+Army+in+WW2+%E2%80%93+International+M-5-6x4-318+with+BM-13-16+Katiusha+rocket+launcher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.o5m6.de%2Fihc_m_5_6x4-318.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Crismon" class="citation cs2">Crismon, Frederick W. (2002), <i>International Trucks</i> (2nd ed.), Minneapolis: Victory WW2 Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9700567-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9700567-2-6"><bdi>978-0-9700567-2-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Trucks&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Victory+WW2+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-9700567-2-6&rft.aulast=Crismon&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Harvester" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pripps, Robert N.; Morland, Andrew (photographer) (1993) <i>Farmall Tractors: History of International McCormick-Deering Farmall Tractors</i> (Farm Tractor Color History Series, Osceola, WI, USA: MBI), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-763-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-763-1">978-0-87938-763-1</a></li> <li>Winder, Gordon M. (2016) <i>The American Reaper: Harvesting Networks and Technology, 1830-1910</i> (Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317045151" title="Special:BookSources/9781317045151">9781317045151</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Harvester&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Harvester"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Harvester" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Harvester</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deering_Harvester_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Deering Harvester Company">Deering Harvester Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Deering" title="Charles Deering">Charles Deering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Deering" title="James Deering">James Deering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Deering" title="William Deering">William Deering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick" title="Cyrus McCormick">Cyrus McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_J._McCormick" title="Leander J. McCormick">Leander J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Warder" title="Benjamin H. Warder">Benjamin H. Warder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_IH_axial-flow_combines" title="Case IH axial-flow combines">Case IH axial-flow combines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a></li> <li>International Harvester <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_600" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester 600">International Harvester 600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_650" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester 650">International Harvester 650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_660" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester 660">International Harvester 660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_1066" title="International Harvester 1066">International Harvester 1066</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Auto-Buggy" title="International Harvester Auto-Buggy">International Harvester Auto-Buggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Travelall" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Travelall">International Harvester Travelall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Travelette" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Travelette">International Harvester Travelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick-Deering_W_series_tractors" title="McCormick-Deering W series tractors">McCormick-Deering W series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M5_tractor" title="M5 tractor">M5 tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M425_and_426_tractor_truck" title="M425 and 426 tractor truck">M425 and 426 tractor truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Payhauler" title="International Harvester Payhauler">International Harvester Payhauler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAF_Trucks" title="DAF Trucks">DAF</a> (33%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon_Atkinson" title="Seddon Atkinson">Seddon Atkinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furthur_(bus)" title="Furthur (bus)"><i>Furthur</i> bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester_vehicles" title="List of International Harvester vehicles">List of International Harvester vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Company_Warehouse" title="International Harvester Company Warehouse">International Harvester Company Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_strike_of_1979%E2%80%9380" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester strike of 1979–80">International Harvester strike of 1979–80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick-International_Harvester_Company_Branch_House" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House">McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Motors" title="Template:International Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Motors" title="Template talk:International Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmTran" title="AmTran">AmTran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Body_Works" title="Ward Body Works">Ward Body Works</a> <small>[defunct]</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MWM_International_Motores" title="MWM International Motores">MWM International Motores</a> <small>[sold]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</a> <small>[sold]</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-650" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-650">Blue Diamond Truck</a> <small>[defunct]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Truck_and_Bus_Division" title="Mahindra Truck and Bus Division">Mahindra Navistar</a> <small>[sold]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NC2_Global" title="NC2 Global">NC2 Global</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Ford Power Stroke engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_IDI" title="International Harvester IDI">International Harvester IDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_DT_engine" title="Navistar DT engine">Navistar DT engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_T444E_engine" title="Navistar T444E engine">Navistar T444E engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine" title="Navistar VT engine">Navistar VT engine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester_vehicles" title="List of International Harvester vehicles">List of International Harvester vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Company_Warehouse" title="International Harvester Company Warehouse">International Harvester Company Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_strike_of_1979%E2%80%9380" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester strike of 1979–80">International Harvester strike of 1979–80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick-International_Harvester_Company_Branch_House" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House">McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263800#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263800#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263800#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110341974">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141863341">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50061415">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007454100905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/63318">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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