Die Blockchain-Generationen

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data-trigger-academy-start-journey-location="Header">Beginne zu lernen</a> </li> <li class="has-children language-switcher"> <a href="#" class="activeLanguage" data-isocode="de">Deutsch</a> <ul class="submenu"> <li><span>Diese Seite ist nur auf Englisch verfügbar</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="open-menu-mobile" class="icon-stream open-menu-mobile"></div> </div> </header> <div class="academy-sidebar-menu" id="academy-sidebar-menu"> <div> <nav> <ul> <li class="has-children"> <a >DER LERNRAUM <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a >A) Willkommen zum Web3</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/was-ist-web-3-0-alles-was-sie-wissen-muessen" title="Was ist Web 3.0?" >Was ist Web 3.0?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/1-willkommen-im-web-3-0/blockchain-generationen-erklart" title="Blockchain-Generationen erklärt" >Blockchain-Generationen erklärt</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/was-genau-ist-eine-kryptowaehrung" title="Was genau ist eine Kryptowährung?" >Was genau ist eine Kryptowährung?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/wie-viele-kryptos-gibt-es" title="Wie viele Kryptos gibt es?" >Wie viele Kryptos gibt es?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/about-crypto/was-ist-blockchain-2" title="Was ist Blockchain?" >Was ist Blockchain?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >B) Wie du deine Kryptos sicherst</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/wie-sie-ihre-privaten-schluessel-schuetzen" title="Was ist eine Krypto-Wallet?" >Was ist eine Krypto-Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/owning-and-using-it/was-ist-ein-privater-schluessel-2" title="Was ist ein privater Schlüssel?" >Was ist ein privater Schlüssel?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/was-ist-eine-geheime-wiederherstellungsphrase" title="Was ist eine Seed Phrase (Geheime Wiederherstellungsphrase)?" >Was ist eine Seed Phrase (Geheime Wiederherstellungsphrase)?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/2-wie-man-krypto-besitzt/krypto-bedrohungen-ein-glossar" title="Gefahren für Krypto: Wie Krypto gestohlen wird" >Gefahren für Krypto: Wie Krypto gestohlen wird</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >C) Was ist Ledger?</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/ledgers-bit-of-it/was-ist-ledger-die-sicherste-option-zur-selbstverwahrung" title="Was ist Ledger? Das Ledger-Ökosystem – verständlich erklärt" >Was ist Ledger? Das Ledger-Ökosystem – verständlich erklärt</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/ledgers-bit-of-it/wie-sichert-ledger-nano-ihre-krypto" title="Wie sichert Ledger Nano Ihre Krypto?" >Wie sichert Ledger Nano Ihre Krypto?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/ledger-live-app-krypto-kaufen-verkaufen-staken-und-tauschen" title="Ledger Live App: Krypto kaufen, verkaufen, staken und tauschen" >Ledger Live App: Krypto kaufen, verkaufen, staken und tauschen</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >D) Sicherheitsgrundlagen fürs Web3</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/web-30-scams-erklaert" title="Web 3.0 Betrugsversuche – Eine Einführung" >Web 3.0 Betrugsversuche – Eine Einführung</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/machen-sie-ihre-eigenen-nachforschungen-wie-sie-krypto-projekte-recherchieren" title="Machen Sie Ihre eigenen Nachforschungen: Wie Sie Krypto-Projekte recherchieren" >Machen Sie Ihre eigenen Nachforschungen: Wie Sie Krypto-Projekte recherchieren</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/basic-basics/keep-growing-it/wie-sie-ihre-krypto-auf-einen-ledger-nano-migrieren" title="Wie Sie Ihre Krypto auf einen Ledger Nano migrieren" >Wie Sie Ihre Krypto auf einen Ledger Nano migrieren</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >F) Blockchain-Grundlagen lernen</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/f-blockchain-grundlagen-lernen/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" title="Kryptoknoten: Was versteht man darunter und wie funktionieren sie?" >Kryptoknoten: Was versteht man darunter und wie funktionieren sie?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >G) Erweitertes Wissen zu Wallets</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/was-ist-eine-hardware-wallet" title="Was ist eine Hardware-Wallet?" >Was ist eine Hardware-Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/g-erweitertes-wissen-zu-wallets/what-is-a-software-wallet" title="Was ist eine 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height="600" src="https://www.ledger.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cover-11.png" alt="Generationen" class="wp-image-141552"/></figure> <figure class="wp-block-table cover-text"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">Wichtigste Erkenntnisse:</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">— Die Blockchains der ersten Generation sollen der Verbesserung des vorhandenen Finanzsystems dienen, indem sie eine dezentralisierte Plattform für das Geld bieten, mit der die Menschen wieder die Kontrolle haben. <br>— Die Blockchains der zweiten Generation ergänzen die Transaktionen um eine Schicht von „Konditionen“, sodass die Menschen sich auf Bedingungen in Smart Contracts einigen können anstatt auf Zwischenhändler angewiesen zu sein.<br>— Die Blockchains der dritten Generation haben zum Ziel, fundamentale Schwachstellen zu beheben. Dazu gehören unter anderem Skalierbarkeit und Interoperabilität, d. h. Blockchain kann die Massenanwendung unterstützen und leidet nicht unter Problemen wie langsame Transaktionszeiten und geschlossene Systeme.<br>— Die Zukunft der Blockchain und ihre Anwendungsfälle sind ungeheuer spannend, und wir erkennen gerade erst, wohin sich das entwickeln kann. </td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p><em>Blockchains haben sich mit der Zeit weiterentwickelt. Schauen wir uns die Blockchain-Generationen einmal an.</em></p> <p><a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Blockchain (opens in a new tab)" href="https://youtu.be/TIDLH2ZOf54" target="_blank">Blockchain</a>. Sie wird häufig mit <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Bitcoin (opens in a new tab)" href="https://youtu.be/QHcIYt-QNd0" target="_blank">Bitcoin</a> und <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label=" (opens in a new tab)" href="https://youtu.be/tQEkdu6zT_A" target="_blank">Kryptowährung</a> assoziiert, und obwohl das nicht falsch ist, steckt hinter der Technologie viel mehr als nur eine digitale Währung. Zum Einstieg werden wir die drei Blockchain-Generationen und die weitere Entwicklung der Technologie aufschlüsseln. Schnallen Sie sich an, die Fahrt beginnt!</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Okay, das ist großartig. Doch was genau <em>ist </em>eine Blockchain?</h2> <p>Wir werden uns nicht zu sehr mit den technischen Einzelheiten beschäftigen, aber im Grunde ist die Blockchain ein Kontobuch, das über mehrere Computer auf der ganzen Welt verteilt ist und von jedem ausgeführt werden kann, der über eine Online-Verbindung verfügt.</p> <p>Das Interessante an einer Blockchain ist, dass die Daten sich nicht im Besitz einer zentralen Person befinden oder von einer zentralen Person ausgeführt werden (sie sind dezentralisiert) und dass die Daten nicht mehr bearbeitet oder manipuliert werden können, sobald sie dem öffentlichen Hauptbuch hinzugefügt wurden. </p> <p>Das ist also sehr kurz zusammengefasst die Blockchain (wir haben <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label=" (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-blockchain" target="_blank">hier </a>eine umfangreichere Zusammenfassung darüber, was Blockchain bedeutet). Allerdings handelt es sich auch um ein sich entwickelndes Gebiet, das (wie das Web) aufgrund einer aufregenden Idee entstanden ist und mit jeder Iteration wächst.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Blockchain der ersten Generation </h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Bitcoin</em></h3> <p>Der Grund für die Entwicklung der Blockchain der ersten Generation – insbesondere Bitcoin – war die radikale Verbesserung der bestehenden Geldsysteme. <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-true-financial-freedom">Dadurch, dass die Menschen mit der Technologie in die Lage versetzt werden,</a> Transaktionen untereinander (auf Peer-to-Peer-Ebene) durchzuführen, sind sie nicht mehr auf zentralisierte Einrichtungen wie Banken angewiesen. </p> <p>Hier gehen Bitcoin und Blockchain Hand in Hand. Bitcoin ist der erste echte Anwendungsfall der Blockchain-Technologie, und ihr Hauptzweck ist eine Finanzanwendung: Bob kann Bill digitales Geld schicken, und diese Transaktion ist sicher. Beide können Privatsphäre genießen, da die Transaktion anonym ist. Zudem können sie sich darauf verlassen, dass das System technologisch sicher ist und dem Algorithmus vertraut wird und nicht einer zentralen Instanz.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Blockchain der zweiten Generation</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Ethereum</em></h3> <p>Okay, Bitcoin ist toll. Es besteht Vertrauen in das System und nicht in eine Zentralbehörde, es gibt Datenschutz durch Anonymität, und es gibt Sicherheit. </p> <p>Doch das Design ermöglicht Ihnen lediglich zu senden, zu empfangen und zu handeln. Was ist, wenn Sie für Ihre Transaktionen Bedingungen haben möchten? Bedingungen wie etwa „<em>Ich zahle Bob seine Kryptowährung nur, wenn er meine Milch liefert.“</em> Das kann Bitcoin einfach nicht leisten.</p> <p>Also kommt <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-ethereum" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Ethereum (opens in a new tab)">Ethereum</a> ins Spiel. </p> <p>Ethereum steuerte zwei recht bemerkenswerte Elemente bei: </p> <p>Das innovative pfiffige Konzept der Smart Contracts. Dabei handelt es sich um sehr clevere selbstausführende Vereinbarungen zwischen zwei Parteien. Im Kern bedeutet ein Smart Contract, dass die beteiligten Parteien die Bedingungen formulieren und sobald diese erfüllt werden, der Vertrag ausgelöst wird. </p> <p>Somit kann Bob nun Bills Milch liefern, und wenn das erledigt ist, erfolgt automatisch die digitale Zahlung. Das Schöne an einem Smart Contract ist, dass er einen schnelleren und sichereren Weg zur Ausführung von Vereinbarungen bietet <em>und</em> zu seiner Verwaltung keine teuren Zwischenhändler notwendig sind. (Dank der <a href="https://youtu.be/jv0y31n_ndE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="decentralization (opens in a new tab)">Dezentralisierung</a>!) </p> <p>Dazu kommt die Leichtigkeit, mit der sich eine neue Kryptowährung auf Basis der Ethereum-Blockchain ausarbeiten lässt, bei der Entwickler ihre eigenen Kryptowährungsprojekte und -anwendungen starten können (etwas, das vorher nicht so leicht erreichbar war). </p> <p>In dieser Hinsicht verhält sich Ethereum tatsächlich weniger wie eine Kryptowährung, sondern eher wie ein ganzes digitales Ökosystem, auf dem andere Kryptowährungsprojekte betrieben werden können. Es fungiert als Plattform, auf der Entwickler bauen können. So wie Apps über iOS verfügen, verfügen dezentralisierte Apps (dApps) über Ethereum. Von hier aus erhalten wir eine spannende Vielfalt an funktionalen Anwendungen, unter anderem das dezentrale Finanzwesen (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="DeFi (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-defi" target="_blank">DeFi</a>), Web-Browsing, Gaming, Identitätsmanagement, Lieferkettenmanagement und vieles mehr.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Blockchain der dritten Generation</h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Cardano/Polkadot/Ethereum 2.0</em></h3> <p>Während die Blockchains der ersten und zweiten Generation im Hinblick auf Innovationen außergewöhnlich sind, leiden sie unter ein paar Anfangsproblemen. </p> <p>Ein großes Problem ist die Skalierung. Grundsätzlich gibt es zu viele Menschen, die Transaktionen durchführen wollen, und zu wenig Platz dafür auf der Blockchain. Es ist das klassische Problem „zu viele Köche und zu kleine Küche“.</p> <p>Stellen Sie sich das einmal so vor: Als Start-up könnte ein Unternehmen mit einer Geburtstagstorte für das gesamte Büro auskommen. Als das Unternehmen wuchs, erhöhte sich die Anzahl der Menschen, die diesen Kuchen aßen, aber die Größe dieses einen Kuchens blieb dieselbe. Das bedeutet, dass mehr Menschen eine kleinere Portion bekommen – und sie müssen dafür in einer Schlange warten. Die Skalierbarkeit von Bitcoin funktioniert genauso: Es entstehen Engpässe, wenn zu viele Menschen gleichzeitig versuchen, Transaktionen durchzuführen. Das bedeutet Verzögerungen – was für ein Finanzsystem nicht nachhaltig ist – sowie <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/lffh25/eth_gas_fees_are_too_d_high/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="high fees which present an obstacle for adoption (opens in a new tab)">hohe Gebühren, die ein Hindernis für die Akzeptanz darstellen</a>, insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern. </p> <p>Die Blockchain-Projekte der dritten Generation sind danach ausgelegt, und die Technologie behebt Skalierungsprobleme automatisch, wenn sie aufkommen. Grundsätzlich wird bei Bedarf automatisch mehr Kuchen gekauft, sodass niemand auf sein Stück warten muss.</p> <p>Ein weiteres Problem, das Blockchain-Projekte der dritten Generation lösen, ist die Interoperabilität. So wie Sie ein iPhone nicht mit einem Samsung-Ladegerät aufladen können, können auch die ersten Iterationen der Blockchain nicht miteinander interagieren. Es mag zwar nicht nach einer großen Sache klingen, aber die Interoperabilität ist tatsächlich entscheidend für das Florieren der Branche. </p> <p>Die Welt setzt auf Zusammenarbeit, und Systeme, mit denen Informationen und Daten plattformübergreifend ausgetauscht werden können, sind von entscheidender Bedeutung. Projekte wie <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Cardano (opens in a new tab)" href="https://iohk.io/projects/cardano/" target="_blank">Cardano</a> und <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Polkadot (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/crypto/polkadot-for-dummies" target="_blank">Polkadot</a> haben von Anfang an Funktionen für die Interoperabilität in ihre Blockchain integriert, sodass eine nahtlose Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Blockchains möglich ist.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Was kommt also als nächstes?</h2> <p>Mit den Verbesserungen, die von Generation zu Generation gemacht wurden, ist es nicht übermäßig optimistisch zu glauben, dass der nächste Schritt für die Blockchain darin besteht, die breite Akzeptanz der Technologie zu erleben. </p> <p>Allmählich erkennen wir bereits, wie und wo sie Anwendung finden kann, beispielsweise im Rahmen der Möglichkeiten des <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label=" (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-defi" target="_blank">DeFi</a>, während<a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/walmart-implements-ibms-blockchain-for-food-traceability/"> Un</a><a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="t (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/walmart-implements-ibms-blockchain-for-food-traceability/" target="_blank">t</a><a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/walmart-implements-ibms-blockchain-for-food-traceability/">ernehmen dies in ihre Lieferkettensysteme einführen</a> und <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label=" (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.ledger.com/de?post_type=academy&p=154798" target="_blank"> Kunst und Gaming in der digitalen Welt Fuß fassen</a>.</p> <p>Das bedeutet, dass wir mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit in einen Tunnel blicken, in dem diese Technologie die Art und Weise der Online-Raum-Nutzung radikal verändern wird – mit mehr Datenschutz, mehr Sicherheit und mehr nutzerorientiertem Potenzial. Und wir sind begeistert davon!</p> <p><em>Wissen ist Macht – also lernen Sie weiter! Wenn Sie sich gerne mit Kryptowährungen und Blockchain auseinandersetzen, schauen Sie sich unser School of Block Video an</em> <a href="https://youtu.be/rRlmp90p-As" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label=" (opens in a new tab)">Blockchain Real Use Cases</a></p> </article> <div class="plain-text article-author-bottom"> <div class="margin-xs head"> <div> <b class="margin-xxs">Ledger</b> <br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="plain-text margin-lg"> <div class="margin-s align-center share-box"> <b>TEILEN</b> <div class="heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing" data-heateor-ss-offset="0" data-heateor-sss-href='https://www.ledger.com/de/academy/series-de/reading-room/die-blockchain-generationen'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Instagram" class="heateor_sss_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ledger" title="Instagram" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" 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