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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Forces_committed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 French Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 French Air Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 French Army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 French Navy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Special Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Gendarmerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Gendarmerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 National Gendarmerie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Gendarmerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Intelligence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Allied nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Battle of Dayet in Maharat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Operation Serval</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" > 21 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84" title="عملية سرفال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية سرفال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سروال عملیاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سروال عملیاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Operation Serval" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Serval" title="Opération Serval – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Opération Serval" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioon_Serval" title="Operatsioon Serval – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioon Serval" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervenci%C3%B3n_militar_francesa_en_Mali_de_2013" title="Intervención militar francesa en Mali de 2013 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Intervención militar francesa en Mali de 2013" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="عملیات سروال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عملیات سروال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Serval" title="Opération Serval – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Serval" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Serval" title="Operazione Serval – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Serval" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מבצע סרוואל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבצע סרוואל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Serval" title="Opération Serval – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Opération Serval" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%A6" title="セルヴァル作戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルヴァル作戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjon_Serval" title="Operasjon Serval – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operasjon Serval" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_Serwal" title="Operacja Serwal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Serwal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Serval" title="Operação Serval – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Serval" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C8%9Biunea_Serval" title="Operațiunea Serval – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Operațiunea Serval" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB" title="Операция «Сервал» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операция «Сервал»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Сервал сэриитэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сервал сэриитэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serval_Harek%C3%A2t%C4%B1" title="Serval Harekâtı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Serval Harekâtı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Serval&params=16.2667_N_0.0500_W_source:wikidata">16°16′00″N 0°03′00″W / 16.2667°N 0.0500°W / 16.2667; -0.0500</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French military operation in Mali</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote 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(Bottom) French troops arriving in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 January 2013 – 15 July 2014 (1 year, 6 months and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Malian/French victory <ul><li>All major cities controlled by French and Malian troops.</li> <li>France launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a> on 1 August 2014.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad"><img alt="Azawad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/23px-MNLA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/35px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/46px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">MNLA</a> (latter part of conflict) <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a> Supported by: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Islamic militants <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">MOJWA</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/23px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/35px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg/46px-Drapeau_Ansar_Dine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="369" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComolli201528,_103,_171-1">[1]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_Ansaru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ansaru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansaru" title="Ansaru">Ansaru</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComolli201528,_103,_171-1">[1]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ranks_in_the_French_Navy#Officiers_généraux_–_Flag_officers" title="Ranks in the French Navy">ADM.</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Guillaud" title="Édouard Guillaud">Édouard Guillaud</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dioncounda_Traor%C3%A9" title="Dioncounda Traoré">Dioncounda Traoré</a> (until 4 Sept. 2013) <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Boubacar_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta">Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta</a> (from 4 Sept. 2013) <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by_Itno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahamat Déby Itno">Mahamat Déby Itno</a> <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad"><img alt="Azawad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/23px-MNLA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/35px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/46px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Ag_Acherif" title="Bilal Ag Acherif">Bilal Ag Acherif</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Iyad_ag_Ghali" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyad ag Ghali">Iyad ag Ghali</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ould_Hamaha" title="Omar Ould Hamaha">Omar Ould Hamaha</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-NossiterNYT-3">[3]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Abdel Krim  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 4,000 French troops deployed (5,100 involved in total),<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> 2,900 <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Elements of: <ul><li>between 5,000 and 10,000 fighters (Ansar Dine)<a href="#cite_note-A-7">[7]</a></li> <li>1,000 fighters (AQIM)<a href="#cite_note-A-7">[7]</a></li> <li>500 fighters (MOJWA)<a href="#cite_note-A-7">[7]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 9 killed<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Gazelle</a> helicopter lost<a href="#cite_note-downed-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 82 killed<a href="#cite_note-thisyear-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 38 killed<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad"><img alt="Azawad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/23px-MNLA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/35px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MNLA_flag.svg/46px-MNLA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> 17 killed, 60 wounded<a href="#cite_note-thisyear-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> 2 killed<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 1 killed<a href="#cite_note-thisyear-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> 1 killed<a href="#cite_note-thisyear-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 2 killed<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Between 600 and 1,000 killed<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> 50 vehicles destroyed, 150 tons of ammunitions and 200 weapons seized, 60 IEDs defused<a href="#cite_note-downed-10">[10]</a> 109-300 captured<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion (2012)</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menaka_(January_2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Menaka (January 2012)">1st Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aguelhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Aguelhok">1st Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tin-Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tin-Hama">Tin-Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Emsal" title="Battle of In Emsal">In Emsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane" title="Fall of Andéramboukane">1st Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tessalit">1st Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niafunk%C3%A9" title="Battle of Niafunké">1st Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2012)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012)">1st Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tinsalane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tinsalane">Tinsalane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goumakoura" title="Battle of Goumakoura">1st Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit" title="Battle of Tessit">1st Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sudere" title="Battle of Sudere">Sudere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2012)" title="Battle of Kidal (2012)">1st Kidal</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">2012 coup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">2012 counter-coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djicoroni" title="Battle of Djicoroni">Djicoroni</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Azawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Azawad">Internal conflict in Azawad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Timbuktu" title="Fall of Timbuktu">1st Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gao" title="Battle of Gao">1st Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane_(2012)" title="Battle of In-Delimane (2012)">1st In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tagarangabotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tagarangabotte">Tagarangabotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Menaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Menaka">2nd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalil">Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Arab" title="Battle of In Arab">In Arab</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Mali_War#Foreign_intervention_(January_2013)" title="Mali War">Foreign intervention</a>: <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Serval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_intervention_in_northern_Mali" title="Chadian intervention in northern Mali">Chadian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konna" title="Battle of Konna">Konna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Gao" title="Bombardment of Gao">2nd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diabaly" title="Battle of Diabaly">Diabaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gao" title="Second Battle of Gao">3rd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gao" title="Third Battle of Gao">4th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ifoghas" title="Battle of Ifoghas">Ifoghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_(2013)" title="Operation Panther (2013)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fourth Battle of Gao">5th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Khalil" title="Battle of In Khalil">In Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timetrine" title="Battle of Timetrine">Timetrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2013_Kidal_attack" title="February 2013 Kidal attack">1st Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imenas" title="Battle of Imenas">Imenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tin_Keraten" title="Battle of Tin Keraten">Tin Keraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tigharghar" title="Battle of Tigharghar">Tigharghâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djebok" title="Battle of Djebok">1st Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Battle of Timbuktu">2nd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fifth Battle of Gao">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Second Battle of Timbuktu">3rd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2013_Kidal_attack" title="April 2013 Kidal attack">2nd Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2013)" title="Battle of Ber (2013)">1st Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hamakouladji" title="Battle of Hamakouladji">Hamakouladji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(May_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (May 2013)">1st Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(June_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (June 2013)">2nd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo%C3%AFta_skirmish" title="Fooïta skirmish">Fooïta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douaya_clashes" title="Douaya clashes">Douaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Tessalit_attack" title="2013 Tessalit attack">2nd Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazragane_skirmish" title="Amazragane skirmish">Amazragane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Araouane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Araouane">1st Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2013_Kidal_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2013 Kidal attack">3rd Kidal attack</a></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kondaoui" title="Battle of Kondaoui">Kondaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamkoutat_massacre" title="Tamkoutat massacre">Tamkoutat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ametettai" title="Bombardment of Ametettai">1st Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dayet in Maharat">Dayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Inabohane_and_Ebahlal" title="Battles of Inabohane and Ebahlal">Inabohane and Ebahlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Kidal" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battle of Kidal">2nd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aguelhok_attack" title="2014 Aguelhok attack">2nd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_An%C3%A9fis_(2014)" title="Battle of Anéfis (2014)">3rd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2014)">1st Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indelimane_ambush" title="2014 Indelimane ambush">2nd Indelimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametettai_offensive" title="Ametettai offensive">2nd Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Tillit_clashes" title="N'Tillit clashes">N'Tillit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Raid on Tabankort (2014)">2nd Tabankort</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nampala_(2015)" title="Raid on Nampala (2015)">1st Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_T%C3%A9nenkou" title="Raid on Ténenkou">Ténenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2015)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2015)">3rd Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabrichat" title="Battle of Tabrichat">Tabrichat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Bamako_shooting" title="March 2015 Bamako shooting">Bamako restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Kidal_attack" title="March 2015 Kidal attack">4th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2015)" title="Battle of Léré (2015)">1st Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Telout_ambush" title="Tin Telout ambush">Tin Telout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nara_(2015)" title="Battle of Nara (2015)">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoumbaout_ambush" title="Takoumbaout ambush">Takoumbaout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sama_Forest" title="Battle of the Sama Forest">Sama Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gourma-Rharous_attack" title="2015 Gourma-Rharous attack">1st Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_hotel_attack" title="Sévaré hotel attack">Sévaré hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Anefis_dispute" title="2015 Anefis dispute">4th Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%A9banda_skirmish" title="Tiébanda skirmish">Tiébanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">Bamako hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Kidal_attack" title="November 2015 Kidal attack">5th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak_(2015)" title="Battle of Talahandak (2015)">1st Talahandak</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanna_ambush" title="Wanna ambush">Wanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aguelhok_ambush" title="2016 Aguelhok ambush">3rd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_ambush" title="Sévaré ambush">Sévaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nampala_attack" title="2016 Nampala attack">2nd Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2016)" title="Battle of Kidal (2016)">3rd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touzik_clashes" title="Touzik clashes">Touzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjlal_clashes" title="Adjlal clashes">Adjlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goumakoura_ambush" title="Goumakoura ambush">2nd Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazay-Kazay_ambush" title="Kazay-Kazay ambush">Kazay-Kazay</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Gao_bombing" title="2017 Gao bombing">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Boulikessi_attack" title="2017 Boulikessi attack">1st Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gourma-Rharous_(2017)" title="Battle of Gourma-Rharous (2017)">2nd Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Foulsar%C3%A9_Forest" title="Battle of the Foulsaré Forest">Foulsaré Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dogofry_ambush" title="2017 Dogofry ambush">1st Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2017)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2017)">1st Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintagoungou_attack" title="Bintagoungou attack">Bintagoungou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaba_attack" title="Kangaba attack">Kangaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkadogotane_ambush" title="Inkadogotane ambush">Inkadogotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djebok_ambush" title="Djebok ambush">2nd Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Takellote" title="Battle of Takellote">Takellote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Timbuktu_attack" title="2017 Timbuktu attack">4th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tin_Biden" title="Raid on Tin Biden">Tin Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indelimane_ambush" title="2017 Indelimane ambush">3rd Indelimane</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of In-Delimane">4th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youwarou_attack" title="Youwarou attack">Youwarou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumpi_attack" title="Soumpi attack">Soumpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaghalawass_skirmish" title="Inaghalawass skirmish">Inaghalawass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araouane_clashes" title="Araouane clashes">2nd Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akabar" title="Battle of Akabar">Akabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Timbuktu_attack" title="2018 Timbuktu attack">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklaz_and_Awkassa_massacres" title="Aklaz and Awkassa massacres">Aklaz and Awkassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Talataye_attack" title="2018 Talataye attack">1st Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabarde" title="Battle of Tabarde">Tabarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Boni_attack" title="2018 Boni attack">1st Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inabelbel_clashes" title="Inabelbel clashes">Inabelbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumouni_skirmish" title="Soumouni skirmish">Soumouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dogofry_ambush" title="2018 Dogofry ambush">2nd Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ndaki" title="Battle of Ndaki">Ndaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2018)" title="Battle of Ber (2018)">2nd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farimake" title="Battle of Farimake">Farimake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinabaw_and_Tabangout-Tissalatatene_massacres" title="Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene massacres">Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abanguilou" title="Battle of Abanguilou">Abanguilou</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koulogon_massacre" title="Koulogon massacre">Koulogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2019)">2nd Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghatert_and_West_Inekar_massacres" title="Taghatert and West Inekar massacres">Taghatert and West Inekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Aguelhok_attack" title="2019 Aguelhok attack">4th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elakla" title="Battle of Elakla">Elakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dialloub%C3%A9" title="Raid on Dialloubé">Dialloubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diankabou_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Diankabou attack">Diankabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2019)" title="Raid on Dioura (2019)">1st Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogossagou_massacre" title="Ogossagou massacre">Ogossagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ti%C3%A9saba-Bourgou" title="Operation Tiésaba-Bourgou">Tiésaba-Bourgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guir%C3%A9_attack" title="Guiré attack">Guiré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobane_Da_massacre" title="Sobane Da massacre">Sobane Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangafani_and_Yoro_massacres" title="Gangafani and Yoro massacres">Gangafani and Yoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fafa_skirmish" title="Fafa skirmish">Fafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2019)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2019)">2nd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indelimane_attack" title="2019 Indelimane attack">5th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2019)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2019)">4th Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_M%C3%A9naka_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Ménaka mid-air collision">3rd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2019)">1st Wagadou Forest</a></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioungani_ambush" title="Dioungani ambush">Dioungani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolo_attack" title="Sokolo attack">Sokolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tarkint_attack" title="2020 Tarkint attack">1st Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bamba" title="Battle of Bamba">1st Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Talahandak">2nd Talahandak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouka_Wer%C3%A9_ambush" title="Bouka Weré ambush">Bouka Weré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bankass_massacres" title="2020 Bankass massacres">Bankass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Farabougou" title="Siege of Farabougou">1st Farabougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoura_attack" title="Sokoura attack">Sokoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2020)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2020)">3rd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tadamakat_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tadamakat (2020)">Tadamakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Niaki">Niaki</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_wedding_airstrike" title="Mali wedding airstrike">Wedding airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulikessi_and_Mondoro_attacks_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulikessi and Mondoro attacks (2021)">Boulikessi and Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Boni_attack" title="2021 Boni attack">2nd Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">2nd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Aguelhok_attack" title="2021 Aguelhok attack">5th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkint_attack_(2021)" title="Tarkint attack (2021)">2nd Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karou_and_Ouatagouna_massacres" title="Karou and Ouatagouna massacres">Karou and Ouatagouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokara_ambush" title="Nokara ambush">Nokara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodio_ambush" title="Bodio ambush">Bodio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopti_bus_massacre" title="Mopti bus massacre">Mopti</a></li></ul> 2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archam_clashes" title="Archam clashes">Archam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangu%C3%A8r%C3%A8_Wotoro_massacre" title="Danguèrè Wotoro massacre">Danguèrè Wotoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mondoro_attack" title="2022 Mondoro attack">Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_offensive" title="Ménaka offensive">Ménaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">2nd Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tessit_attack" title="2022 Tessit attack">3rd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">2nd Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Islamic_State-Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2022 Islamic State-Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashes">Tadjalalt and Haroum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Moura" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombori_massacre" title="Hombori massacre">Hombori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Mopti_region_attacks" title="April 2022 Mopti region attacks">Mopti Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bankass_massacres" title="2022 Bankass massacres">Diallassagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bandiagara_highway_bombing" title="2022 Bandiagara highway bombing">Bandiagara</a></li></ul> 2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markacoungo_attack" title="Markacoungo attack">Markacoungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diafarab%C3%A9_and_Koumara_attacks" title="Diafarabé and Koumara attacks">Diafarabé and Koumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Bonzon_massacre" title="Kani Bonzon massacre">Kani Bonzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Timbuktu" title="Siege of Timbuktu">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2023)" title="Battle of Ber (2023)">3rd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombouctou_and_Bamba_attacks" title="Tombouctou and Bamba attacks">Tombouctou and Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bourem" title="Battle of Bourem">Bourem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2023)" title="Battle of Léré (2023)">2nd Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2023)" title="Raid on Dioura (2023)">2nd Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bamba_attack" title="2023 Bamba attack">2nd Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_offensive" title="Kidal offensive">Kidal Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2023)" title="Battle of Kidal (2023)">4th Kidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niafunk%C3%A9_attack" title="Niafunké attack">2nd Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labbezanga_attack" title="Labbezanga attack">Labbezanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Farabougou_attack" title="2023 Farabougou attack">2nd Farabougou</a></li></ul> 2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwala_attack" title="Kwala attack">Kwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douna_drone_strike" title="Douna drone strike">Douna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2024)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2024)">2nd Wagadou Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourdiah_attack" title="Mourdiah attack">Mourdiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe%C3%AFbara_massacres" title="Abeïbara massacres">Abeïbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiguibombo_massacre" title="Djiguibombo massacre">Djiguibombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2024)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2024)">2nd Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamako_attacks" title="2024 Bamako attacks">Bamako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Operation Serval (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Opération Serval) was a <a href="/wiki/French_military" class="mw-redirect" title="French military">French military</a> operation in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The aim of the operation was to oust Islamic militants from the north of Mali,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> who had begun a push into the center of Mali.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Operation Serval followed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2085" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2085">Resolution 2085</a> of 20 December 2012 and an official request by the Malian interim government for French military assistance.<a href="#cite_note-res2085-23">[23]</a> The operation ended on 15 July 2014, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a>, launched on 1 August 2014 to fight Islamist fighters in the Sahel.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Three of the five Islamic leaders, <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a>, Abdel Krim and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ould_Hamaha" title="Omar Ould Hamaha">Omar Ould Hamaha</a> were killed, while <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iyad_ag_Ghali" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyad ag Ghali">Iyad ag Ghali</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The operation is named after the <a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">serval</a>, a medium-sized African wild <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">cat</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></div> In January 2012, following an influx of weapons that occurred after the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> tribesmen of the <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad</a> (MNLA) <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">began a rebellion</a> against Mali's central government.<a href="#cite_note-stratfor-27">[27]</a> In April, the MNLA said it had accomplished its goals and called off its offensive against the government, proclaiming the independence of <a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In June 2012, the MNLA came into conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> groups <a href="/wiki/Ansar_Dine" title="Ansar Dine">Ansar Dine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a> (MOJWA), after the Islamists began imposing <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia</a> in Azawad.<a href="#cite_note-Serge_Daniel-29">[29]</a> By 17 July, <a href="/wiki/MOJWA" class="mw-redirect" title="MOJWA">MOJWA</a> and Ansar Dine had pushed the MNLA out of all the major cities.<a href="#cite_note-NossiterNYT-3">[3]</a> On 1 September 2012, the town of <a href="/wiki/Douentza" title="Douentza">Douentza</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mopti_Region" title="Mopti Region">Mopti Region</a>, until then controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Ganda_Iso" title="Ganda Iso">Ganda Iso</a> militia, was taken by the MOJWA,<a href="#cite_note-Le_Figaro_2012-09-01-30">[30]</a> and on 28 November 2012, the MNLA was pushed out of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9r%C3%A9,_Mali" title="Léré, Mali">Léré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tombouctou_Region" title="Tombouctou Region">Timbuktu Region</a>, by Ansar Dine.<a href="#cite_note-Le_Monde_2012-11-29-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forces_committed">Forces committed</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forces committed">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Forces">French Forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French Forces">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_Air_Force">French Air Force</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French Air Force">edit</a>]</div> Initially, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> deployed two <a href="/wiki/Mirage_F1_CR" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage F1 CR">Mirage F1 CR</a> Reconnaissance from the 2/33 Savoie Reconnaissance Squadron and six <a href="/wiki/Mirage_2000D" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirage 2000D">Mirage 2000D</a> fighter jets, which were already part of the French military <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_%C3%89pervier" class="mw-redirect" title="Opération Épervier">Opération Épervier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>. Additionally, the Air Force deployed three <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a> planes, as well as one <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Transall_C-160" title="Transall C-160">Transall C-160</a> transport planes from the French airbase in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-32">[32]</a> On 13 January, four <a href="/wiki/Rafale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafale">Rafale</a> fighter jets of the <a href="/wiki/1/7_fighter_squadron_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="1/7 fighter squadron Provence">1/7 Provence</a> Fighter Squadron flew from the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizier_%E2%80%93_Robinson_Air_Base" title="Saint-Dizier – Robinson Air Base">Saint-Dizier Airbase</a> in France to attack targets in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>. The Rafale planes then proceeded to <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> and would remain based there for the duration of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> By 16 January, the French Air Force dispatched two additional KC-135 Stratotanker planes and two <a href="/wiki/EADS_Harfang" title="EADS Harfang">Harfang</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a> from the 1/33 Belfort Reconnaissance Squadron to N'Djamena.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> To transport Army troops to Bamako, the Air Force used the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A310" title="Airbus A310">Airbus A310</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340" title="Airbus A340">A340</a> of the 3/60 Estérel Transport Squadron. On 23 January, a detachment of <a href="/wiki/Fusiliers_Commandos_de_l%27Air" title="Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air">Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air</a> was deployed to the airport in Bamako to provide security for the French Air Force assets stationed there and to execute <a href="/wiki/Combat_search_and_rescue" title="Combat search and rescue">combat search and rescue</a> missions if necessary. Along with the Fusiliers, the Air Force deployed two <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_330_Puma" title="Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma">Puma helicopters</a> of the 1/67 Pyrénées Helicopter Squadron in the combat search and rescue role to Bamako.<a href="#cite_note-defense.gouv.fr-35">[35]</a> On 25 January, the Air Force deployed two additional <a href="/wiki/Rafale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafale">Rafale</a> fighter jets and two additional KC-135 Stratotanker planes to <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, bringing the total to six Rafale jets and 5 KC-135's in the theater of operations.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transall_C-160" title="Transall C-160">Transall C-160</a> transport planes from the 1/64 Béarn and 2/64 Anjou squadrons and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130H Hercules</a> transport planes from the 2/61 Franche Comté squadrons were used to ferry materiel to Bamako, while <a href="/wiki/Transall_C-160" title="Transall C-160">Transall C-160</a> transport planes from the 3/61 Poitou Transport Squadron flew reinforcements to the airport of <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_Army">French Army</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: French Army">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Insigne_Serval.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Serval.JPG/220px-Insigne_Serval.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Serval.JPG/330px-Insigne_Serval.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Serval.JPG/440px-Insigne_Serval.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="2514" /></a><figcaption>Insignia is on the brigade Serval. Based on that of the 3rd Mechanized Brigade with its motto: "One goal, victory" which was added to the map of Mali and insignia of formations that participated in operations in Mali in 2013.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> forces deployed included one company of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="21st Marine Infantry Regiment">21st Marine Infantry Regiment</a>, an Armored Cavalry platoon of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Foreign_Cavalry_Regiment" title="1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment">1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment</a> and one company of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="2nd Marine Infantry Regiment">2nd Marine Infantry Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-32">[32]</a> On 14 January, the <a href="/wiki/French_Army_Light_Aviation" title="French Army Light Aviation">French Army Light Aviation</a> transported <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">Eurocopter Tiger HAP</a> attack helicopters from the 5e Régiment d'Hélicoptères de Combat to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> A company from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment</a> and soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/1st_Parachute_Hussar_Regiment" title="1st Parachute Hussar Regiment">1st Parachute Hussar Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/17th_Parachute_Engineer_Regiment" title="17th Parachute Engineer Regiment">17th Parachute Engineer Regiment</a>, which are all currently deployed as part of <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Licorne" title="Opération Licorne">Opération Licorne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, left <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> in a convoy of 60 vehicles for the Malian capital of <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The Commander of the French Land Forces, General Bertrand Clément-Bollée, announced that a company of the 92nd Infantry Regiment, equipped with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_Blind%C3%A9_de_Combat_d%27Infanterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie">VBCI</a> <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicles</a>, has been sent to Mali. An additional three companies equipped with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_Blind%C3%A9_de_Combat_d%27Infanterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie">VBCI</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadron</a> equipped with <a href="/wiki/AMX-56_Leclerc" class="mw-redirect" title="AMX-56 Leclerc">Leclerc</a> <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tanks</a> could be sent on short notice if required.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> An armored company of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_d%27infanterie-chars_de_marine" title="Régiment d'infanterie-chars de marine">Marine Infantry Tank Regiment</a> is being deployed to Mali as are <a href="/wiki/CAESAR_self-propelled_howitzer" title="CAESAR self-propelled howitzer">CAESAR self-propelled howitzers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> On 21 January, a company of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="3rd Marine Infantry Regiment">3rd Marine Infantry Regiment</a> arrived in Bamako to provide security for the allied <a href="/wiki/Airhead_(warfare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airhead (warfare)">airhead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Ground operations are commanded by Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Barrera" title="Bernard Barrera">Bernard Barrera</a>, commanding officer of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Mechanised_Brigade_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Mechanised Brigade (France)">3rd Mechanized Brigade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-defense.gouv.fr-35">[35]</a> The following units of the French Army were involved in Mali during the first period of operation: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Mechanised_Brigade_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Mechanised Brigade (France)">3e Brigade Mécanisée</a> (3e BM), deployed from France and tasked with command of the ground operations <ul><li>Brigade Command & Signals Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="1st Marine Infantry Regiment">1er Régiment d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (1er RIMa), one squadron with <a href="/wiki/AMX_10_RC" class="mw-redirect" title="AMX 10 RC">AMX 10 RC</a></li> <li>92e Régiment d'Infanterie (92e RI), two companies with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_blind%C3%A9_de_combat_d%27infanterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie">VBCI</a></li> <li>126e Régiment d'Infanterie (126e RI), one company with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_de_l%27Avant_Blind%C3%A9" title="Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé">VAB</a></li> <li>68e Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (68e RA), regimental command and one battery with <a href="/wiki/CAESAR_self-propelled_howitzer" title="CAESAR self-propelled howitzer">CAESAR</a> self-propelled 155mm howitzers</li> <li>31e Régiment du Génie (31e RG), one company</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Light_Armoured_Brigade_(France)" title="6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)">6e Brigade Légère Blindée</a> (6e BLB), redeployed from <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_%C3%89pervier" class="mw-redirect" title="Opération Épervier">Opération Épervier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Foreign_Cavalry_Regiment" title="1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment">1er Régiment Étranger de Cavalerie</a> (1er REC), one platoon with <a href="/wiki/AMX_10_RC" class="mw-redirect" title="AMX 10 RC">AMX 10 RC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="21st Marine Infantry Regiment">21e Régiment d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (21e RIMa), two companies with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_de_l%27Avant_Blind%C3%A9" title="Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé">VAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Artillery_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Marine Artillery Regiment">3e Régiment d'Artillerie de Marine</a> (3e RAMa), one battery with <a href="/wiki/TRF1" title="TRF1">TRF1</a> 155mm howitzers and <a href="/wiki/Mortier_120mm_Ray%C3%A9_Tract%C3%A9_Mod%C3%A8le_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1">MO-120-RT-61</a> 120mm mortars deployed from France on 21 January</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade (France)">9e Brigade Légère Blindée de Marine</a> (9e BLBM), deployed from France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_d%27infanterie-chars_de_marine" title="Régiment d'infanterie-chars de marine">Régiment d'Infanterie Chars de Marine</a> (RICM), one squadron with AMX 10 RC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="2nd Marine Infantry Regiment">2e Régiment d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (2e RIMa), one company with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_blind%C3%A9_de_combat_d%27infanterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie">VBCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="3rd Marine Infantry Regiment">3e Régiment d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (3e RIMa), one company with VAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Marine_Artillery_Regiment" title="11th Marine Artillery Regiment">11e Régiment d'Artillerie de Marine</a> (11e RAMa), one battery with <a href="/wiki/TRF1" title="TRF1">TRF1</a> 155mm howitzers and <a href="/wiki/Mortier_120mm_Ray%C3%A9_Tract%C3%A9_Mod%C3%A8le_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1">MO-120-RT-61</a> 120mm mortars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Engineers_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Engineers Regiment">6e Régiment du Génie</a> (6e RG), one company</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Parachute_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Parachute Brigade">11e Brigade Parachutiste</a> (11e BP), redeployed from <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Licorne" title="Opération Licorne">Opération Licorne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Parachute_Hussar_Regiment" title="1st Parachute Hussar Regiment">1er Régiment de Hussards Parachutistes</a> (1er RHP), one troop with <a href="/wiki/ERC_90_Sagaie" class="mw-redirect" title="ERC 90 Sagaie">ERC 90 Sagaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Parachute_Chasseur_Regiment" title="1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment">1er Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes</a> (1er RCP), two companies transported to <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a> from France<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Foreign_Parachute_Regiment" title="2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment">2e Régiment Etranger Parachutiste</a> (2e REP), one company parachuted near <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> and was deployed from France<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">3e Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (3e RPIMa), one company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Parachute_Engineer_Regiment" title="17th Parachute Engineer Regiment">17e Régiment du Génie Parachutiste</a> (17e RGP), one platoon</li> <li>1er Régiment du Train Parachutiste (1er RTP), one platoon</li></ul></li> <li>Airmobile group <ul><li>5e Régiment d'Hélicoptères de Combat (5e RHC), with three <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">Eurocopter Tiger</a> attack helicopters and four <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS532_Cougar" title="Eurocopter AS532 Cougar">Eurocopter AS532 Cougar</a> transport helicopters</li> <li>9e Bataillon de soutien aéromobile, with one <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6_Porter" title="Pilatus PC-6 Porter">Pilatus PC-6 Porter</a> aircraft</li></ul></li> <li>Logistics battalion <ul><li>7e Régiment du Matériel (7e RMAT), one company</li> <li>511e Régiment du Train (511e RT), one squadron</li> <li>515e Régiment du Train (515e RT), one squadron</li></ul></li> <li>28e Régiment de Transmissions (28e RT), one company</li> <li>Régiment Médical (RMED), 7th and 9th <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospitals</a> in Bamako and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9" title="Sévaré">Sévaré</a></li></ul> At the end of May 2013, the French Army began to draw down its forces in Mali. For further combat operations, a mixed combat group named GTIA Désert (Groupement tactique interarmes Désert) was activated in Gao, on 20 May 2013. Only this combat group will remain in the area for further combat operations and to support the <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">MISMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/MINUSMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA">MINUSMA</a> and <a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM Mali</a> missions, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Malian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Malian Army">Malian Army</a>. The GTIA Désert is composed of the following units:<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <ul><li>Headquarters and Command of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Foreign_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment">2e Régiment Étranger d'Infanterie</a> (2e REI) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Foreign_Cavalry_Regiment" title="1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment">1er Régiment Étranger de Cavalerie</a> (1er REC), one troop with <a href="/wiki/AMX_10_RC" class="mw-redirect" title="AMX 10 RC">AMX 10 RC</a></li> <li>1er Régiment de <a href="/wiki/Tirailleurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirailleurs">Tirailleurs</a> (1er RTIR), one company with VBCI</li> <li>2e Régiment Étranger d'Infanterie (2e REI), one company with VAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Artillery_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Marine Artillery Regiment">3e Régiment d'Artillerie de Marine</a> (3e RAMa), a mixed unit armed with CAESAR self-propelled 155mm howitzers and 120mm mortars deployed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Foreign_Engineer_Regiment" title="1st Foreign Engineer Regiment">1er Régiment Étranger de Génie</a> (1er REG), one sapper company, one EOD squad</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_Navy">French Navy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French Navy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg/220px-Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg/330px-Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg/440px-Dixmude-IMG_8459.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5213" data-file-height="3475" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mistral-class_amphibious_assault_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistral-class amphibious assault ship">Mistral-class</a> <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Dixmude_(L9015)" title="French ship Dixmude (L9015)">Dixmude</a>, an amphibious assault ship and helicopter carrier of the French Navy.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> deployed five <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet Atlantic">Breguet Atlantic</a> long-range reconnaissance aircraft operating from <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> and transported two companies of the 92nd Infantry Regiment along with their equipment and military materiel on the <a href="/wiki/Mistral-class_amphibious_assault_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistral-class amphibious assault ship">Mistral-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">amphibious assault ship</a> <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Dixmude_(L9015)" title="French ship Dixmude (L9015)">Dixmude</a> from <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Dixmude was escorted on her journey by the <a href="/wiki/D%27Estienne_d%27Orves-class_aviso" title="D'Estienne d'Orves-class aviso">D'Estienne d'Orves-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvette</a> Lieutenant de vaisseau Le Hénaff.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_Forces">Special Forces</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Special Forces">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandement_des_Op%C3%A9rations_Sp%C3%A9ciales" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandement des Opérations Spéciales">Commandement des Opérations Spéciales</a> (COS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_Special_Forces_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="French Army Special Forces Brigade">Brigade des Forces Spéciales Terre</a> (BFST)(Army) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">1er Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine</a> (1er RPIMa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Parachute_Dragoon_Regiment" title="13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment">13e Régiment de Dragons Parachutistes</a> (13e RDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Special_Forces_Helicopter_Regiment" title="4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment">4e Régiment d'Hélicoptères des Forces Spéciales</a> (4e RHFS)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORFUSCO" title="FORFUSCO">FORFUSCO</a> (Navy) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_commandos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval commandos (France)">Commandos Marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Special_Forces_Bureau_(BFS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Force Special Forces Bureau (BFS) (page does not exist)">Air Force Special Forces Bureau (BFS)</a> (Air Force) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commando_parachutiste_de_l%27air_n%C2%B010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commando parachutiste de l'air n°10 (page does not exist)">Commando parachutiste de l'air n°10</a> (CPA 10)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_des_Op%C3%A9rations_Sp%C3%A9ciales/Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division des Opérations Spéciales/Transport (page does not exist)">Division des Opérations Spéciales/Transport</a> (D3/61 Poitou), C-130 Hercules and C-160 Transall</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_des_Op%C3%A9rations_Sp%C3%A9ciales_/_H%C3%A9licopt%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division des Opérations Spéciales / Hélicoptères (page does not exist)">Division des Opérations Spéciales / Hélicoptères</a> (ESH)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National Gendarmerie">edit</a>]</div> The French <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</a> deployed two platoons of gendarmes to Mali in the <a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military police</a> role: <ul><li>24/1 Mobile Gendarmerie Squadron, one platoon</li> <li>21/9 Mobile Gendarmerie Squadron, one platoon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intelligence">Intelligence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Intelligence">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/DGSE" class="mw-redirect" title="DGSE">DGSE</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="Service Action">Service Action</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_nations">Allied nations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Allied nations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg/220px-Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg/330px-Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg/440px-Istres_French_Soldiers_USAF_Globemaster_III_Mali_130121-F-GO452-162.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption>C-17 transport aircraft from the United States and Canada at <a href="/wiki/Istres-Le_Tub%C3%A9_Air_Base" title="Istres-Le Tubé Air Base">Istres-Le Tubé Air Base</a> preparing to load French forces, 21 January 2013.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg/220px-Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg/330px-Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg/440px-Assisting_the_French_in_Mali_130121-F-MS171-200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3942" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>French troops prepare for take-off inside a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III cargo aircraft in Istres, France.</figcaption></figure> These are the forces committed by the countries that support France (in alphabetical order): <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Army">Belgian Army</a> deployed two <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Air_Component" title="Belgian Air Component">Air Component</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130H Hercules</a> transport planes and two <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Medical_Component" title="Belgian Medical Component">Medical Component</a> <a href="/wiki/Agusta_A109" class="mw-redirect" title="Agusta A109">Agusta A109 Medevac</a> medical evacuation helicopters along with 80 support personnel to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17ER Globemaster III</a> deployed to France to assist with the transport of troops and materiel from France to Mali for one week.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_France,_Ottawa#French_ambassadors_to_Canada" title="Embassy of France, Ottawa">French Ambassador to Canada</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Zeller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Zeller (page does not exist)">Philippe Zeller</a>, the Government of France had requested former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> to extend the Canadian deployment.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>: On 16 January, the Chadian government announced that it would deploy 2,000 troops: one infantry regiment with 1,200 soldiers and two support battalions with 800 soldiers. The Chadian forces will not be part of the <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">African-led International Support Mission to Mali</a>, but will be integrated into the French command structure.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Royal Danish Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J-30 Super Hercules</a> with 40 support personnel was deployed on 15 January to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: Three <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Transall_C-160" title="Transall C-160">Transall C-160</a> were deployed to the Malian capital Bamako to help with the transport of equipment.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On 28 February 2013, the German parliament approved sending up to 330 German soldiers to provide engineer mentoring, logistical and medical service to the operation as well as one additional <a href="/wiki/A310_MRTT" class="mw-redirect" title="A310 MRTT">A310 MRTT</a> air-to-air refueling plane.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: Initially, the Dutch government decided to deploy a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Royal Netherlands Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KDC-10" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas KDC-10">KDC-10</a> tanker/transport plane. For its first flight, the aircraft picked up its supplies in France and proceeded to <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, where the French military have a logistic support hub. After 14 January 2013, the Dutch began to fly directly into <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Later, the Dutch contribution was increased by an additional <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KDC-10" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Douglas KDC-10">KDC-10</a> tanker/transport plane, four <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> transport planes, three <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">CH-47 Chinook</a> transport and Medevac helicopters and one <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a> passenger plane.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> with 50 support personnel was deployed on 18 January to Mali to help with the transport of <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">African-led International Support Mission to Mali</a> personnel. Spain later added a <a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">C-295</a> plane to assist in troop movements in Mali.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> An additional 30 soldiers were sent on 13 February to protect allied instructors.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: The Swedish government allowed France the use of the Swedish share of the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Strategic_Airlift_Capability" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Strategic Airlift Capability">NATO Strategic Airlift Capability</a>. Therefore, one <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Airlift_Wing" title="Heavy Airlift Wing">Heavy Airlift Wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a> strategic transport plane was dispatched from the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Air_Base" title="Pápa Air Base">Pápa Air Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> to France to aid in the transport of materiel and troops to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Also, six Swedish parachute rangers from <a href="/wiki/Fallsk%C3%A4rmsj%C3%A4garna" title="Fallskärmsjägarna">Fallskärmsjägarna</a> will assist as instructors for Mali's armed forces.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>: The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Air_Force" title="United Arab Emirates Air Force">United Arab Emirates Air Force</a> deployed two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a> transport planes to aid in the transport of materiel and troops from France to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> deployed two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a> strategic transport planes of <a href="/wiki/No._99_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 99 Squadron RAF">No. 99 Squadron</a> to the French <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux-Fauville_Air_Base" title="Évreux-Fauville Air Base">Évreux Air Base</a> on 13 January 2013. The planes transported French armored vehicles to the Malian capital <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> in what the British are calling <a href="/wiki/Operation_Newcombe" title="Operation Newcombe">Operation Newcombe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> On 25 January 2013, the UK Ministry of Defence announced the deployment of a <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel R1">Sentinel R1</a> surveillance aircraft to support French forces.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The British government announced on 28 January that British troops will deploy to Mali, but that they would not be involved in combat.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> According to the BBC, on 29 January 2013, it was understood that 40 British advisers were to operate within Mali, and more in other nations, making a total of 350. There was a debate about whether these advisers should be protected by French forces, or by British troops - the latter would result in a deployment of "multiples of dozens".</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> has established an air bridge between the <a href="/wiki/Istres-Le_Tub%C3%A9_Air_Base" title="Istres-Le Tubé Air Base">Istres-Le Tubé Air Base</a> in the South of France and Malian capital Bamako, using up to five <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a> transport planes to ferry French equipment and troops to Mali.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> A small contingent of American troops will provide flight support operations at Bamako.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On 26 January, US Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> informed French Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a> that the "US Africa Command will support the French military by conducting aerial refueling missions as operations in Mali continue".<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Over the course of Operation Serval, up to 5 US KC-135 were deployed to conduct Air Refueling missions with French Mirage and Rafales including an impressive 100 sorties in less than two months.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> US covert <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance#ISR_(Intelligence,_surveillance_and_reconnaissance)" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">ISR</a> aircraft based in Burkina Faso supported the operation.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> ABC News reported that 150 U.S. military personnel set up and carried out an operation involving surveillance drone over Mali from Niamey.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Mali_conflict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/300px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/450px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/600px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the fullest extent of rebel-held territory (January 2013), before it was re-taken by Malian and French forces.</figcaption></figure> The operation began on 11 January 2013, with <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Gazelle</a> helicopters armed with 20 mm cannons from the <a href="/wiki/4th_Special_Forces_Helicopter_Regiment" title="4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment">4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment</a> attacking a rebel column near <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9" title="Sévaré">Sévaré</a>. French forces suffered one casualty when a Gazelle attack helicopter came under small arms fire and one of the two pilots was hit. The pilot, Lt. Damien Boiteux, later died of his injuries. The other pilot managed to fly the helicopter back to base, but the aircraft was written off as lost due to the damage sustained.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> By 12 January, hundreds of French troops were involved in the military operation in Mali,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> with special focus in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konna" title="Battle of Konna">Battle of Konna</a>. The Malian army claimed that, with their help, it had retaken <a href="/wiki/Konna" title="Konna">Konna</a>, which it had lost a few days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> French airstrikes appeared to stop the rebel advance to the south which prompted the intervention<a href="#cite_note-Deter-80">[80]</a> and destroyed an Ansar Dine command post near Konna.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> France asked the U.S. to speed up its contribution by sending drones to improve surveillance over the vast area of northern Mali. <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> was reported to have studied the French request.<a href="#cite_note-Deter-80">[80]</a> Meanwhile, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom announced that his country would lend logistical support to the operation.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS</a> troops preparing to deploy to Mali also decided to move up their arrival date to 14 January at the latest.<a href="#cite_note-Deter-80">[80]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, 10 civilians were killed when Malian forces fought to recapture Konna.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_world-europe-21002918-83">[83]</a> On 13 January, French planes bombed rebels' positions in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>. Air strikes hit a fuel depot and a customs house being used as a headquarters by the Islamist rebels. Dozens of Islamist fighters were killed.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> A Malian security source put the number of dead fighters at 60.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On 15 January, the French defense minister confirmed that the Mali military had still not recaptured Konna from rebel forces, despite earlier claims that they did.<a href="#cite_note-konnanot-86">[86]</a> On 15 January, French special forces entered the strategically important central town of <a href="/wiki/Markala" title="Markala">Markala</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> describing it as "secured" on 19 January.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The French and Malian forces launched a major ground offensive into the North of the country for the first time on 16 January.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Along with French help, Malian forces took back control of Konna on 18 January. On 21 January, the Malian military, with the aid of French air support, took possession of Diabaly.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The next day, <a href="/wiki/Chad_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chad army">Chadian forces</a> began moving from Niger's capital city, <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Ouallam" title="Ouallam">Ouallam</a>, a position some one-hundred kilometers south of the Malian border.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On 25 January, it was reported that a combined force of French and Malian troops captured the town of Hombori, about 100 miles south of <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>. French forces also bombed Islamist troops and their supply stores around Gao.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> This resulted in the destruction of two Islamist bases with fuel stocks and weapon dumps.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On the morning 26 January, French forces captured the airport at Gao and seized the main Wabary bridge over the Niger River into Gao.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> French special forces were also in action against rebels that had melted into the local population.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> During the next few hours, the French-Malian forces assaulted the town of Gao, backed by French warplanes and helicopters. The Islamists lost a dozen fighters, while the French suffered no losses or injuries. A Malian army spokesman said on 27 January that the "Malian army and the French control Gao today".<a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-94">[94]</a> On the 27 January, French forces captured <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> without resistance after Islamist fighters fled the city to avoid French airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In capturing Timbuktu, documents left by AQIM were found revealing the strategic organization of the group.<a href="#cite_note-APTimbuktu-99">[99]</a> After gaining the airport on 27 January, the next day, Malian and French military sources claimed that the entire area between <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> was under government control and access to the city was available.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png/300px-French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png/450px-French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png/600px-French_Serval_Brigade_ORBAT_Feb_2013.png 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption>Organization of the Serval Brigade from mid-February 2013 after the replacement of GTIA 1 with GTIA 3.</figcaption></figure>Three days after capturing Timbuktu, French and Malian forces entered the town of <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a> on 30 January, approximately 200 kilometers from the Algerian border. The town and its airport were taken without resistance from Islamic militants. It was the last major town to be held by the militants.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Despite the capture of all major towns, French and Malian forces clashed with Islamists outside Gao on 5 February. Several French troops suffered light wounds during the skirmish, which involved long-range small arms and rocket fire.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On 8 February, French and Chadian troops claimed to have occupied the town of <a href="/wiki/Tessalit" title="Tessalit">Tessalit</a>, near the Algerian border, and seat of one of the last airports still not controlled by the Malian government and its allies. The same day, the first <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attack</a> in the conflict took place in <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, resulting in one Malian soldier injured and the death of the attacker.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On 10 February, the Islamists made an attack in Gao,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> which was countered by French and Malian troops securing the nearby area of Bourem on 17 February.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_French_Air_Force_Rafale_fighter_aircraft,_below,_prepare_to_break_formation_after_refueling_with_a_U.S._Air_Force_KC-135_Stratotanker_aircraft_with_the_351st_Expeditionary_Air_Refueling_Squadron_over_Mali_130423-F-DT859-086.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_French_Air_Force_Rafale_fighter_aircraft%2C_below%2C_prepare_to_break_formation_after_refueling_with_a_U.S._Air_Force_KC-135_Stratotanker_aircraft_with_the_351st_Expeditionary_Air_Refueling_Squadron_over_Mali_130423-F-DT859-086.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_French_Air_Force_Rafale_fighter_aircraft%2C_below%2C_prepare_to_break_formation_after_refueling_with_a_U.S._Air_Force_KC-135_Stratotanker_aircraft_with_the_351st_Expeditionary_Air_Refueling_Squadron_over_Mali_130423-F-DT859-086.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Two_French_Air_Force_Rafale_fighter_aircraft%2C_below%2C_prepare_to_break_formation_after_refueling_with_a_U.S._Air_Force_KC-135_Stratotanker_aircraft_with_the_351st_Expeditionary_Air_Refueling_Squadron_over_Mali_130423-F-DT859-086.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Two French Air Force <a href="/wiki/Rafale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafale">Rafale</a> fighter jets operating over Mali.</figcaption></figure> On 19 February, a French soldier (member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a>) was killed during heavy fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Adrar_des_Ifoghas" title="Adrar des Ifoghas">Adrar des Ifoghas</a> mountains in the far North East of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> near the Algerian border.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On 3 March, a French paratrooper was killed in the same area and the Chadian army announced the killing of the two Islamic Algerian leaders, <a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a>. This was not confirmed by the French army.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On 5 March, the death of Abou Zeid was confirmed by a member of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (AQIM).<a href="#cite_note-f245mar-110">[110]</a> On 6 March, a French Army sergeant from the 68th African artillery regiment was killed during an operation in eastern Mali around 100 km (60 miles) from the town of Gao, the former stronghold of the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA). On 17 March, a <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="1st Marine Infantry Regiment">1st Marine Infantry Regiment</a> was killed when his vehicle was hit by an <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">Improvised explosive device</a> in the south of <a href="/wiki/Tessalit" title="Tessalit">Tessalit</a> in the Adrar des Ifoghas massif. Three other soldiers were wounded by the explosion.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> On 30 March, the city of <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> was attacked when a suicide bomber blew himself up at a Malian army checkpoint, allowing a group of rebels to infiltrate by night. A contingent of around fifty French soldiers supported by French fighter jets were then sent to reinforce the Malian army who could not repel the rebel attack. By 1 April, rebel presence in the city was cleared.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On 12 April, two suicide bombers detonated their belts, <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kidal_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack on Kidal (2013)">blowing themselves</a> up near a group of Chadian soldiers, in a busy market in <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>. At least three soldiers were killed in the explosion and a dozen of civilians were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On 11 May 2013, the command of ground operations of in Mali passed from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Mechanised_Brigade_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Mechanised Brigade (France)">3e Brigade Mécanisée</a> to the <a href="/wiki/6th_Light_Armoured_Brigade_(France)" title="6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)">6e Brigade Légère Blindée</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On 25 May 2013, French forces began their first stage of withdrawal when a convoy of lorries left <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, carrying equipment and vehicles no longer needed.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 30 July, a French soldier was killed in a vehicle accident and a second soldier suffered injuries. This marked the ninth death among French soldiers killed in support of operations in Mali. The second in command of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">AQIM</a>, Hacene Ould Khalill, was killed during a raid by French special forces near <a href="/wiki/Tessalit" title="Tessalit">Tessalit</a> in November 2013.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat">Battle of Dayet in Maharat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battle of Dayet in Maharat">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r963460841"><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Dayet en Maharat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Northern Mali conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>16–17 April 2014</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayet (page does not exist)">Dayet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French Victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/45px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Special Forces</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 20, 2 pickup trucks</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> None</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 10–12 killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mali_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Mali_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Mali War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Mali_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Mali War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Mali_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Mali War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mali_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mali_War" title="Timeline of the Mali War">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">ICC investigation</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion (2012)</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menaka_(January_2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Menaka (January 2012)">1st Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aguelhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Aguelhok">1st Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tin-Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tin-Hama">Tin-Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Emsal" title="Battle of In Emsal">In Emsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane" title="Fall of Andéramboukane">1st Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tessalit">1st Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niafunk%C3%A9" title="Battle of Niafunké">1st Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2012)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012)">1st Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tinsalane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tinsalane">Tinsalane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goumakoura" title="Battle of Goumakoura">1st Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit" title="Battle of Tessit">1st Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sudere" title="Battle of Sudere">Sudere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2012)" title="Battle of Kidal (2012)">1st Kidal</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">2012 coup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">2012 counter-coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djicoroni" title="Battle of Djicoroni">Djicoroni</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Azawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Azawad">Internal conflict in Azawad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Timbuktu" title="Fall of Timbuktu">1st Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gao" title="Battle of Gao">1st Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane_(2012)" title="Battle of In-Delimane (2012)">1st In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tagarangabotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tagarangabotte">Tagarangabotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Menaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Menaka">2nd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalil">Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Arab" title="Battle of In Arab">In Arab</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Mali_War#Foreign_intervention_(January_2013)" title="Mali War">Foreign intervention</a>: <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Serval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_intervention_in_northern_Mali" title="Chadian intervention in northern Mali">Chadian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konna" title="Battle of Konna">Konna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Gao" title="Bombardment of Gao">2nd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diabaly" title="Battle of Diabaly">Diabaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gao" title="Second Battle of Gao">3rd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gao" title="Third Battle of Gao">4th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ifoghas" title="Battle of Ifoghas">Ifoghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_(2013)" title="Operation Panther (2013)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fourth Battle of Gao">5th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Khalil" title="Battle of In Khalil">In Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timetrine" title="Battle of Timetrine">Timetrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2013_Kidal_attack" title="February 2013 Kidal attack">1st Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imenas" title="Battle of Imenas">Imenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tin_Keraten" title="Battle of Tin Keraten">Tin Keraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tigharghar" title="Battle of Tigharghar">Tigharghâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djebok" title="Battle of Djebok">1st Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Battle of Timbuktu">2nd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fifth Battle of Gao">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Second Battle of Timbuktu">3rd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2013_Kidal_attack" title="April 2013 Kidal attack">2nd Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2013)" title="Battle of Ber (2013)">1st Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hamakouladji" title="Battle of Hamakouladji">Hamakouladji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(May_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (May 2013)">1st Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(June_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (June 2013)">2nd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo%C3%AFta_skirmish" title="Fooïta skirmish">Fooïta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douaya_clashes" title="Douaya clashes">Douaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Tessalit_attack" title="2013 Tessalit attack">2nd Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazragane_skirmish" title="Amazragane skirmish">Amazragane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Araouane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Araouane">1st Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2013_Kidal_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2013 Kidal attack">3rd Kidal attack</a></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kondaoui" title="Battle of Kondaoui">Kondaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamkoutat_massacre" title="Tamkoutat massacre">Tamkoutat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ametettai" title="Bombardment of Ametettai">1st Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dayet in Maharat">Dayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Inabohane_and_Ebahlal" title="Battles of Inabohane and Ebahlal">Inabohane and Ebahlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Kidal" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battle of Kidal">2nd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aguelhok_attack" title="2014 Aguelhok attack">2nd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_An%C3%A9fis_(2014)" title="Battle of Anéfis (2014)">3rd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2014)">1st Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indelimane_ambush" title="2014 Indelimane ambush">2nd Indelimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametettai_offensive" title="Ametettai offensive">2nd Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Tillit_clashes" title="N'Tillit clashes">N'Tillit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Raid on Tabankort (2014)">2nd Tabankort</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nampala_(2015)" title="Raid on Nampala (2015)">1st Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_T%C3%A9nenkou" title="Raid on Ténenkou">Ténenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2015)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2015)">3rd Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabrichat" title="Battle of Tabrichat">Tabrichat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Bamako_shooting" title="March 2015 Bamako shooting">Bamako restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Kidal_attack" title="March 2015 Kidal attack">4th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2015)" title="Battle of Léré (2015)">1st Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Telout_ambush" title="Tin Telout ambush">Tin Telout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nara_(2015)" title="Battle of Nara (2015)">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoumbaout_ambush" title="Takoumbaout ambush">Takoumbaout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sama_Forest" title="Battle of the Sama Forest">Sama Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gourma-Rharous_attack" title="2015 Gourma-Rharous attack">1st Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_hotel_attack" title="Sévaré hotel attack">Sévaré hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Anefis_dispute" title="2015 Anefis dispute">4th Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%A9banda_skirmish" title="Tiébanda skirmish">Tiébanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">Bamako hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Kidal_attack" title="November 2015 Kidal attack">5th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak_(2015)" title="Battle of Talahandak (2015)">1st Talahandak</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanna_ambush" title="Wanna ambush">Wanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aguelhok_ambush" title="2016 Aguelhok ambush">3rd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_ambush" title="Sévaré ambush">Sévaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nampala_attack" title="2016 Nampala attack">2nd Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2016)" title="Battle of Kidal (2016)">3rd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touzik_clashes" title="Touzik clashes">Touzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjlal_clashes" title="Adjlal clashes">Adjlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goumakoura_ambush" title="Goumakoura ambush">2nd Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazay-Kazay_ambush" title="Kazay-Kazay ambush">Kazay-Kazay</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Gao_bombing" title="2017 Gao bombing">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Boulikessi_attack" title="2017 Boulikessi attack">1st Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gourma-Rharous_(2017)" title="Battle of Gourma-Rharous (2017)">2nd Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Foulsar%C3%A9_Forest" title="Battle of the Foulsaré Forest">Foulsaré Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dogofry_ambush" title="2017 Dogofry ambush">1st Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2017)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2017)">1st Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintagoungou_attack" title="Bintagoungou attack">Bintagoungou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaba_attack" title="Kangaba attack">Kangaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkadogotane_ambush" title="Inkadogotane ambush">Inkadogotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djebok_ambush" title="Djebok ambush">2nd Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Takellote" title="Battle of Takellote">Takellote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Timbuktu_attack" title="2017 Timbuktu attack">4th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tin_Biden" title="Raid on Tin Biden">Tin Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indelimane_ambush" title="2017 Indelimane ambush">3rd Indelimane</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of In-Delimane">4th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youwarou_attack" title="Youwarou attack">Youwarou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumpi_attack" title="Soumpi attack">Soumpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaghalawass_skirmish" title="Inaghalawass skirmish">Inaghalawass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araouane_clashes" title="Araouane clashes">2nd Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akabar" title="Battle of Akabar">Akabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Timbuktu_attack" title="2018 Timbuktu attack">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklaz_and_Awkassa_massacres" title="Aklaz and Awkassa massacres">Aklaz and Awkassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Talataye_attack" title="2018 Talataye attack">1st Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabarde" title="Battle of Tabarde">Tabarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Boni_attack" title="2018 Boni attack">1st Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inabelbel_clashes" title="Inabelbel clashes">Inabelbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumouni_skirmish" title="Soumouni skirmish">Soumouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dogofry_ambush" title="2018 Dogofry ambush">2nd Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ndaki" title="Battle of Ndaki">Ndaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2018)" title="Battle of Ber (2018)">2nd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farimake" title="Battle of Farimake">Farimake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinabaw_and_Tabangout-Tissalatatene_massacres" title="Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene massacres">Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abanguilou" title="Battle of Abanguilou">Abanguilou</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koulogon_massacre" title="Koulogon massacre">Koulogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2019)">2nd Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghatert_and_West_Inekar_massacres" title="Taghatert and West Inekar massacres">Taghatert and West Inekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Aguelhok_attack" title="2019 Aguelhok attack">4th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elakla" title="Battle of Elakla">Elakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dialloub%C3%A9" title="Raid on Dialloubé">Dialloubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diankabou_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Diankabou attack">Diankabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2019)" title="Raid on Dioura (2019)">1st Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogossagou_massacre" title="Ogossagou massacre">Ogossagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ti%C3%A9saba-Bourgou" title="Operation Tiésaba-Bourgou">Tiésaba-Bourgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guir%C3%A9_attack" title="Guiré attack">Guiré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobane_Da_massacre" title="Sobane Da massacre">Sobane Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangafani_and_Yoro_massacres" title="Gangafani and Yoro massacres">Gangafani and Yoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fafa_skirmish" title="Fafa skirmish">Fafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2019)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2019)">2nd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indelimane_attack" title="2019 Indelimane attack">5th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2019)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2019)">4th Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_M%C3%A9naka_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Ménaka mid-air collision">3rd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2019)">1st Wagadou Forest</a></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioungani_ambush" title="Dioungani ambush">Dioungani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolo_attack" title="Sokolo attack">Sokolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tarkint_attack" title="2020 Tarkint attack">1st Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bamba" title="Battle of Bamba">1st Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Talahandak">2nd Talahandak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouka_Wer%C3%A9_ambush" title="Bouka Weré ambush">Bouka Weré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bankass_massacres" title="2020 Bankass massacres">Bankass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Farabougou" title="Siege of Farabougou">1st Farabougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoura_attack" title="Sokoura attack">Sokoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2020)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2020)">3rd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tadamakat_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tadamakat (2020)">Tadamakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Niaki">Niaki</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_wedding_airstrike" title="Mali wedding airstrike">Wedding airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulikessi_and_Mondoro_attacks_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulikessi and Mondoro attacks (2021)">Boulikessi and Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Boni_attack" title="2021 Boni attack">2nd Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">2nd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Aguelhok_attack" title="2021 Aguelhok attack">5th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkint_attack_(2021)" title="Tarkint attack (2021)">2nd Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karou_and_Ouatagouna_massacres" title="Karou and Ouatagouna massacres">Karou and Ouatagouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokara_ambush" title="Nokara ambush">Nokara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodio_ambush" title="Bodio ambush">Bodio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopti_bus_massacre" title="Mopti bus massacre">Mopti</a></li></ul> 2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archam_clashes" title="Archam clashes">Archam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangu%C3%A8r%C3%A8_Wotoro_massacre" title="Danguèrè Wotoro massacre">Danguèrè Wotoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mondoro_attack" title="2022 Mondoro attack">Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_offensive" title="Ménaka offensive">Ménaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">2nd Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tessit_attack" title="2022 Tessit attack">3rd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">2nd Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Islamic_State-Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2022 Islamic State-Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashes">Tadjalalt and Haroum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Moura" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombori_massacre" title="Hombori massacre">Hombori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Mopti_region_attacks" title="April 2022 Mopti region attacks">Mopti Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bankass_massacres" title="2022 Bankass massacres">Diallassagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bandiagara_highway_bombing" title="2022 Bandiagara highway bombing">Bandiagara</a></li></ul> 2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markacoungo_attack" title="Markacoungo attack">Markacoungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diafarab%C3%A9_and_Koumara_attacks" title="Diafarabé and Koumara attacks">Diafarabé and Koumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Bonzon_massacre" title="Kani Bonzon massacre">Kani Bonzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Timbuktu" title="Siege of Timbuktu">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2023)" title="Battle of Ber (2023)">3rd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombouctou_and_Bamba_attacks" title="Tombouctou and Bamba attacks">Tombouctou and Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bourem" title="Battle of Bourem">Bourem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2023)" title="Battle of Léré (2023)">2nd Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2023)" title="Raid on Dioura (2023)">2nd Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bamba_attack" title="2023 Bamba attack">2nd Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_offensive" title="Kidal offensive">Kidal Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2023)" title="Battle of Kidal (2023)">4th Kidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niafunk%C3%A9_attack" title="Niafunké attack">2nd Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labbezanga_attack" title="Labbezanga attack">Labbezanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Farabougou_attack" title="2023 Farabougou attack">2nd Farabougou</a></li></ul> 2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwala_attack" title="Kwala attack">Kwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douna_drone_strike" title="Douna drone strike">Douna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2024)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2024)">2nd Wagadou Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourdiah_attack" title="Mourdiah attack">Mourdiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe%C3%AFbara_massacres" title="Abeïbara massacres">Abeïbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiguibombo_massacre" title="Djiguibombo massacre">Djiguibombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2024)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2024)">2nd Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamako_attacks" title="2024 Bamako attacks">Bamako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> On the evening of 16 April 2014, the French army destroyed two <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup trucks</a> containing jihadists north of Timbuktu. They then used air and ground forces to intercept other vehicles. During the night of 16 to 17 April, the French special forces, backed by troops from Operation Serval and helicopters come in contact with the Islamist fighters. The French began by firing warning shots, but the jihadists refused to surrender and opened fire. Faced with the advance of the French military, they abandoned their vehicles and ran, suffering more losses. According to the French Ministry of Defense "part of the terrorist group" is "neutralized. According to the staff of the armies, a dozen fighters are neutralized, that is to say killed.<a href="#cite_note-Def-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-118">[118]</a> A number of hostages were abandoned by their jihadist captors at the beginning of the fight. The former hostages were then exfiltrated by the French military. Those released were Malians and four Tuaregs. On the evening of 17 April, in a joint statement, the French president and the president of Mali, announced the release of five hostages. The ICRC also published a statement in which he welcomed the release and said that two humanitarian workers had suffered minor injuries but their life was not in danger. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> In the wake of the French deployment, ECOWAS said that it had ordered its <a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">African-led International Support Mission to Mali</a> to be deployed immediately, and the European Union said it had increased preparations for sending a military training mission, <a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> hoped on 12 January that the French government's decision would "be consistent with the spirit" of UN Security Council resolution 2085 adopted in December.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> foreign ministry spokesman Amar Belani expressed support for the Malian transitional authorities, and "noted that Mali has asked, in line with its sovereignty, for friendly powers to reinforce its national capacities to fight terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General of NATO</a> (2009-2014), said that he did not see a role for the NATO in Mali (NATO can't be the world's policeman, travelling from country to country, solving all the problems. So I think it's a good idea to have a division of labour. [..] the United Nation Security Council has mandated an African-led stabilisation force to take action in Mali).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> could take part in any European training mission to Mali to help its government prepare troops to counter the insurgents, German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> said on 14 January. German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Guido_Westerwelle" title="Guido Westerwelle">Guido Westerwelle</a> ruled out the possibility of German armed forces taking part in a combat mission in Mali, but he also said Germany was prepared to help train the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali Armed Forces">Mali Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On 14 January, the Tuareg separatist <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">MNLA</a> declared it would fight alongside the French and even the Malian government to "end terrorism in Azawad". The spokesman also declared that the MNLA would be a more effective force than those of the neighboring West African nations "because of our knowledge of the ground and the populations".<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2013-01-14-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Guid%C3%A8re" title="Mathieu Guidère">Mathieu Guidère</a>, a scholar of Islam and the Arab world at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulouse" title="University of Toulouse">University of Toulouse</a>, said in an interview published in the newsmagazine <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Afrique" title="Jeune Afrique">Jeune Afrique</a>, that without the French military intervention the state of Mali would have fallen.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> France's stated rationale for the operation is that to do otherwise would allow "a terrorist state at the doorstep of France and Europe."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> praised the intervention in a phone call with French President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> as "a brave step against extremist Islamic terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Egypt's former President <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Morsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Morsi">Mohammed Morsi</a> criticized France's intervention.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On 26 January, during the <a href="/wiki/CELAC" class="mw-redirect" title="CELAC">CELAC</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> summit in Santiago de Chile, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> both expressed support for the French military intervention in Mali. Colombia's president, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a>, stated that "Colombia has suffered so much from terrorism that it can not disagree with this action."<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> A 2013 <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> poll found that 96% of Malians in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> supported French intervention.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict_(2012%E2%80%93present)#Foreign_intervention_(January_2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)">Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)#Foreign intervention (January 2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konna" title="Battle of Konna">Battle of Konna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_France_in_modern_history" title="List of battles involving France in modern history">List of battles involving France in modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErforth2020" class="citation journal cs1">Erforth, Benedikt (4 March 2020). Maiolo, Joseph A.; Mahnken, Thomas G.; Hoyt, Timothy D.; Rovner, Joshua R.; James, Alan; Bar-Joseph, Uri; Gooch, John; Perlmutter, Amos; Recchia, Stefano; Tardy, Thierry (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390.2020.1733986">"Multilateralism as a tool: Exploring French military cooperation in the Sahel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Strategic_Studies" title="Journal of Strategic Studies">Journal of Strategic Studies</a>. 43 (4). London, United Kingdom of Great Britain: Taylor & Francis Group (Informa UK Ltd): 560–582. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2020.1733986">10.1080/01402390.2020.1733986</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-2390">0140-2390</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154160675">154160675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Multilateralism+as+a+tool%3A+Exploring+French+military+cooperation+in+the+Sahel&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=560-582&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154160675%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0140-2390&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2020.1733986&rft.aulast=Erforth&rft.aufirst=Benedikt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2020.1733986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurkin2014" class="citation report cs1">Shurkin, Michael (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rand.org/t/rr770">"CHAPTER TWO: Operation Serval"</a> (PDF). In Pernin, Chris; Bonds, Tim; Gordon, John; Atler, Anthony; Boston, Scott; Madden, Dan; Pezard, Stephanie; Chivvis, Chris; Shapiro, Jeremy (eds.). France's War in Mali: Lessons for an Expeditionary Army (Report). Santa Monica, California, United States: RAND Corporation (RAND Army Research Division/RAND Arroyo Center's Force Development and Technology program). pp. 5–26. Retrieved 6 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=France%27s+War+in+Mali%3A+Lessons+for+an+Expeditionary+Army&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California%2C+United+States&rft.pages=5-26&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation+%28RAND+Army+Research+Division%2FRAND+Arroyo+Center%27s+Force+Development+and+Technology+program%29&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Shurkin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Ft%2Frr770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeclerc_du_Sablon1972" class="citation news cs1">Leclerc du Sablon, Jean (29 December 1972). Baquet, Dean; Louttit, Meghan; Corbett, Philip; Chang, Lian; Drake, Monica; Kahn, Joseph; Kingsbury, Kathleen; Sulzberger, A.G.; Levien, Meredith Kopit; Caputo, Roland A.; Bardeen, William; Dunbar-Johnson, Stephen; Brayton, Diane (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/29/archives/newsmen-in-hanoi-visit-street-of-ruins-newsmen-shown-street-of.html">"Newsmen in Hanoi Visit Street of Ruins"</a>. Main section. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Vol. CXXI, no. 261. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States. Agence France-Presse. p. A1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a>. Retrieved 6 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Newsmen+in+Hanoi+Visit+Street+of+Ruins&rft.volume=CXXI&rft.issue=261&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1972-12-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Leclerc+du+Sablon&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F29%2Farchives%2Fnewsmen-in-hanoi-visit-street-of-ruins-newsmen-shown-street-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpet2015" class="citation journal cs1">Spet, Stephane (10 October 2015). Hecker, James B.; Holt II, William G.; Dennis, Tamar S.; Hinrichs, Jeffrey S.; Rawls, Michael T.; Maher, Leslie A.; Gentile Jr., Lee G.; Mills, Ricky L.; Jones, Terry A.; Mauduit, Rémy; Harrison, Richard T.; Looney, Nedra O.; Daniel M., Armstrong; Fair, L. Susan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123104609/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ_French/journals_E/Volume-06_Issue-3/spet_e.pdf">"Operation Serval: analyzing the French strategy against Jihadists in Mali"</a> (PDF). Air & Space Power Journal-Africa and Francophonie (ASPJ-A&F). 6 (3). <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Air_Force_Base" title="Maxwell Air Force Base">Maxwell Air Force Base</a>, Alabama, United States: <a href="/wiki/Air_University_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Air University (United States Air Force)">Air University</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Research Institute">Air Force Research Institute</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>): 66–80. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1931-728X">1931-728X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ_French/journals_E/Volume-06_Issue-3/spet_e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 January 2021. 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London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mali+conflict%3A+France+has+opened+gates+of+hell%2C+say+rebels&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Afua&rft.au=Willsher%2C+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjan%2F14%2Fmali-conflict-france-gates-hell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/JA2714p047.xml0/algerie-france-maroc-libyemathieu-guidere-sans-l-intervention-francaise-l-tat-malien-tombait.html">"Mathieu Guidère : "Sans l'intervention française, l'État malien tombait""</a>. 15 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mathieu+Guid%C3%A8re+%3A+%22Sans+l%27intervention+fran%C3%A7aise%2C+l%27%C3%89tat+malien+tombait%22&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2FArticle%2FJA2714p047.xml0%2Falgerie-france-maroc-libyemathieu-guidere-sans-l-intervention-francaise-l-tat-malien-tombait.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Doyle2013" class="citation news cs1">Mark Doyle (17 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21054946">"Mali conflict: France boosts troop numbers"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mali+conflict%3A+France+boosts+troop+numbers&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft.au=Mark+Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-21054946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhren2013" class="citation web cs1">Ahren, Raphael (17 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-lauds-french-intervention-in-mali/">"Netanyahu lauds French intervention in Mali"</a>. The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+lauds+French+intervention+in+Mali&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft.aulast=Ahren&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnetanyahu-lauds-french-intervention-in-mali%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/egypts-morsi-says-frances-intervention-in-mali-is-creating-a-new-conflict-hotspot/">"Egypt's Morsi says France's intervention in Mali is creating a 'new conflict hotspot'"</a>. Fox News Channel. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+Morsi+says+France%27s+intervention+in+Mali+is+creating+a+%27new+conflict+hotspot%27&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fegypts-morsi-says-frances-intervention-in-mali-is-creating-a-new-conflict-hotspot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/francia-apoyaria-proceso-de-paz-en-colombia_12552383-4">"Francia le expresó a Santos apoyo frente al proceso de paz en Colombia"</a>. 26 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Francia+le+expres%C3%B3+a+Santos+apoyo+frente+al+proceso+de+paz+en+Colombia&rft.date=2013-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltiempo.com%2Fpolitica%2Ffrancia-apoyaria-proceso-de-paz-en-colombia_12552383-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2013/01/201312113451635182.html">"Interactive: Mali Speaks"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive%3A+Mali+Speaks&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Finteractive%2F2013%2F01%2F201312113451635182.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/Orphans-of-the-Sahara/">Orphans of the Sahara</a>, a three-part documentary series about the Tuareg people of the Sahara desert. (2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QDnB6dMAb0">Serval (French Ministry of Defense documentary)</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComolli2015" class="citation book cs1">Comolli, Virginia (2015). Dwyer, Michael; Leitch, Daisy; May, Kathleen; Weisweiller-Wu, Lara; Arefin, Farhaana; Clarke, Alicia; Uselyté, Raminta (eds.). Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom of Great Britain: <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">Hurst Publishers (C. Hurst & Co. Ltd.)</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184904-491-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-184904-491-2"><bdi>978-184904-491-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boko+Haram%3A+Nigeria%27s+Islamist+Insurgency&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers+%28C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Ltd.%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-184904-491-2&rft.aulast=Comolli&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Serval" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_2">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Serval&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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