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a{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.5rem 1rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:#FFFFFF;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#222222;}.bbc-1xrn9e7 a:hover,.bbc-1xrn9e7 a:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.bbc-1xrn9e7 a:visited{color:#6E6E73;}.bbc-l2kb15{padding:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-l2kb15{padding:0 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-l2kb15{padding:0;}}.bbc-1rgju53{position:relative;z-index:0;color:#141414;margin-top:2rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1rgju53{margin-top:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1rgju53{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}.bbc-nh34zd{width:100%;margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-nh34zd{width:50%;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-nh34zd{width:33.33%;}}.bbc-pk2py2{border:0.1875rem solid 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aria-label="広告" aria-hidden="true" role="region" data-e2e="advertisement" class="bbc-13j0x7y"><div id="dotcom-leaderboard" class="dotcom-ad"></div></section><div class="bbc-bg8vrv"><div class="bbc-1cvxiy9"><main role="main" class="bbc-fa0wmp"><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-1151pbn ebmt73l0"><h1 id="content" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-1tf9dgo e1p3vdyi0">ノイズキャンセリング付きヘッドホン、専門家が懸念 音や言葉がうまく聞き取れない若者の増加と関連か</h1></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:56.25%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/3af1/live/e65c6c20-ee91-11ef-bd1b-d536627785f2.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="ソフィーさん" width="1024" height="576" style="aspect-ratio:1024 / 576" class="bbc-139onq"/></div><figcaption class="bbc-2ejrse" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">画像説明, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">ヘッドホンを着けて騒音を制限しないと不安に陥ると話すソフィーさん</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><time dateTime="2025-02-19" class="bbc-1hic50p e1mklfmt0">2025年2月19日</time><div><time dateTime="2025-02-21" class="bbc-1hic50p e1mklfmt0">更新 2025年2月21日</time></div></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0"><b>ハンナ・カーペル健康担当記者</b></p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">人間の脳は日々、スーパーのレジやカフェのコーヒーマシンなど、何百種類もの音を解読するために働いている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">そうした背景の雑音に圧倒され、声や警告音を認識するのが困難な人もいる。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">これは、英ロンドンで事務アシスタントとして働いているソフィーさん（25）の現実だ。ソフィーさんは、「話を聞いていない」、「ぼーっとしている」、「少しおっちょこちょい」などと言われることが多い。</p></div><section aria-label="広告 2" aria-hidden="true" role="region" data-e2e="advertisement" class="bbc-geybui"><div id="dotcom-mpu" class="dotcom-ad"></div></section><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「音がしているのはわかるけど、その音がどこから来ているのかを聞き取ることができない。声だとわかっていても、すぐに理解することができない」と、ソフィーさんは言う。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">一般的な聴力検査で異常が見つからなかったため、ソフィーさんは追加検査のために聴覚専門職のオーディオロジストに診てもらった。その後ソフィーさんは、聴覚情報処理障害（APD）だと診断された。音や話し言葉を理解するのが難しくなる中枢神経の障害だ。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">ソフィーさんの担当を含めイギリス国内の複数の聴覚専門家は、周囲の雑音を低減するノイズキャンセリング機能のついたヘッドホンの使い過ぎが、この症状に関連しているかもしれないとして、調査する必要があると主張している。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="「言葉が意味不明に聞こえる」" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-1ff1xod eglt09e0">「言葉が意味不明に聞こえる」</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">地方の静かな農場で育ったソフィーさんは、数年前にロンドンの大学に入学してから、聴覚に変化を感じ始めた。特に、音がどこから来ているのかを識別するのが難しくなった。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">ソフィーさんは大学の講義にほとんど出席せず、代わりにオンラインで字幕付きの講義を視聴してきた。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「実際の講義では、すべての言葉が意味不明に聞こえて、聞き取ろうとしても無理だった」とソフィーさんは語る。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">この問題はソフィーさんの社会生活にも影響を与えた。バーやレストランに行っても、「圧倒的な雑音」のせいで早く去ることが多かった。</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:56.25%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/a1c5/live/09a6b190-ee92-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="大学の講義を受ける人々" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" style="aspect-ratio:1024 / 576" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-1ss1qz4" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">画像提供, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-2ejrse" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">画像説明, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">大学の講義を受ける人の中には、ペンやキーボードの音、周囲の話し声などの「騒音」で講師の声を聞き取りにくい人もいる</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">ソフィーさんのAPDの原因は不明だが、彼女を担当した聴覚専門家は、ノイズキャンセリング・へッドホンの使い過ぎが一因かもしれないと考えている。ソフィーさんは、1日に最大5時間、こうした機能のあるヘッドホンを使用している。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">他の聴覚専門家も同じ意見で、長時間の使用がもたらす潜在的な影響について、さらなる研究が必要だと述べている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">英国民保健サービス（NHS）の5施設の聴覚部局が、一般開業医から聴覚の問題で紹介される若者が増加しているとBBCに話した。しかし、検査を行うと聴力は正常で、音を処理する能力に問題があることが判明するという。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">APDは、神経多様性がある人や、脳に損傷を受けた人、子供の頃に中耳炎を患った人に多くみられる。しかし、これらのカテゴリーに該当しないAPD患者が増えており、聴覚専門家は、ノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンなどの外部要因が影響しているのではないかとの疑問を感じている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="聴力と「聞き取り能力」" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-1ff1xod eglt09e0">聴力と「聞き取り能力」</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">英インペリアル・コレッジ・ヘルスケアNHSトラストで、成人の聴覚臨床を主導しているレネー・アルメイダ氏は、脳が何に集中すべきかを判断するためには、多様な音を聞くことが重要だと述べている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">アルメイダ氏の研究チームは昨年、治療のために聴覚専門家を紹介される若者が増加していることを突き止めた。アルメイダ氏は「聴力と聞き取り能力には違いがある。聞き取り能力が低下しているのがわかる」と語っている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">ノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンには特に、長期的な耳の健康において利点がある。防音機能により、高周波や大きな音で耳が損傷するのを防ぐことができるからだ。これは、音楽を聴いている間でも同様だ。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">消費者調査団体「Which?」のテクノロジー編集者を務めるリサ・バーバー氏は、こうした機器が近年、「爆発的な人気を博している」と述べている。しかし、その仕組みはモデルによって異なる。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「一部のモデルは、ヘッドホンと耳の間で雑音を遮断する『パッシブ・ノイズキャンセリング』を提供している」とバーバー氏は言う。一方、周囲の音を部分的に取り込む『トランスペアレンシー（透明）モード』が搭載されているモデルもあるという。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="偽の現実が作り出される" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-1ff1xod eglt09e0">偽の現実が作り出される？</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">しかし、イギリス聴覚学会のクレア・ベントン副会長は、車のクラクションなど日常の音を遮断することで、脳が雑音をフィルタリングすることを「忘れてしまう」可能性があると指摘している。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「ノイズキャンセリング機能の付いたヘッドホンを使うことで、自分が聞きたい音だけを聞くという偽の環境を作り出している。そこでは（聞き取るための）努力が必要がない」</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「脳のより複雑で高度な聴力は、実際には10代後半にかけて発達が完了する。なので、10代後半にノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンを使って、この偽の世界にいた場合、音声や雑音を処理する能力がわずかに遅れる」と、ベントン氏は示唆している。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">イギリスのNHSで受けられるAPD治療は限られている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">2024年にイギリス聴覚学会（BAA）と耳鼻咽喉科専門機関（ENT.UK）が実施した全国調査によると、聴覚専門家のうち、自分がAPDについて十分に理解していると考える人はわずか4％だった。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">さらに、16歳以上の人々に対して完全なAPD評価を提供しているNHSの病院は1カ所だけで、治療の待機リストは9カ月に及ぶとされた。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">この病院で検査を担当しているドリス＝エヴァ・バミウ教授は、APDの診断に時間がかかることが一因だと述べている。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「これは単なる聴力検査ではない。検査には最大2時間かかり、追加の評価も必要なため、費用がかかるサービスだ」</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「成人の場合は認知能力の評価を行うこともある。子供の場合は、教育心理学者と話す必要があることもある」</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">新型コロナウイルスのパンデミック後は特に、視覚や音声への関与や行動が変化している。これは新しい製品や技術の影響だけでなく、ロックダウン後の騒がしい環境での不安の増加も一因とされる。</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:56.15%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/3eb3/live/392d22f0-ee92-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="暗闇の中でヘッドホンを付けてパソコンを見ている少年" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="575" style="aspect-ratio:1024 / 575" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-1ss1qz4" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">画像提供, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-2ejrse" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">画像説明, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">聞き取り能力の検査が必要とされる子供が増えているという</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">イギリスでは、聞き取りに全く問題がないにもかかわらず、ノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンを着用して外を歩いたり、字幕付きで動画を視聴したりする人が増えている。調査会社ユーガヴによると、18歳から24歳の61％が、テレビを字幕付きで視聴することを好んでいることがわかった。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">聴覚専門家で「APDサポート」という民間組織のトップを務めるアンジェラ・アレクサンダー博士は、特に子供の聴覚処理にノイズキャンセリング機能が与える影響について、引き続き研究が必要だと話す。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">「この関連性を調査しなければ、将来はどうなるのだろうか？ 雑音に問題を抱える子供たちへの解決策は、耳栓かノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンを着用することだと、善意で考えている親や教師がたくさんいる」と、アレクサンダー博士は語った。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">グレート・オーモンド・ストリート病院の聴覚科主任、アムジャド・マフムード博士も、研究を続けることを支持している。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">マフムード博士によると、同病院の大規模なAPD部門では、「特に学校で聞き取りの問題が見つかった」16歳未満に関して、検査の需要が大幅に増加しているという。</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-uc98c5 e17g058b0">（英語記事 <a href="/news/articles/cgkjvr7x5x6o" class="focusIndicatorReducedWidth bbc-n8oauk e1p3sufg0">Are noise-cancelling headphones to blame for young people's hearing problems?</a>）</p></div></main><aside data-testid="related-topics" aria-labelledby="related-topics" role="complementary" class="bbc-1l5nxv5 e5jcirq1"><div class="e5jcirq0 bbc-1f2ds04 e1m6nvxw1"><h2 id="section-label-heading-related-topics" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-a5e1ct e1m6nvxw0"><span class="bbc-1fttcpj e1fapd9x4"><span class="bbc-127x8fy e1fapd9x2"><span dir="ltr" id="related-topics" class="bbc-13l34et e1fapd9x1">関連トピックス</span></span></span></h2></div><ul role="list" class="bbc-1c01ksb e2o6ii41"><li class="bbc-1xrn9e7 e2o6ii40"><a 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雑音に問題を抱える子供たちへの解決策は、耳栓かノイズキャンセリング・ヘッドホンを着用することだと、善意で考えている親や教師がたくさんいる」と、アレクサンダー博士は語った。","blocks":[{"id":"1c4e92ed","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"「この関連性を調査しなければ、将来はどうなるのだろうか？ 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