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<li id="toc-Pre-NFL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-NFL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-NFL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-NFL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFL_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFL_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>NFL years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NFL_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1928_championship_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1928_championship_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>1928 championship season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1928_championship_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFL_firsts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFL_firsts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>NFL firsts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NFL_firsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Steam_Roller_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Steam_Roller_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other Steam Roller teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Steam_Roller_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro_Football_Hall_of_Famers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro_Football_Hall_of_Famers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pro Football Hall of Famers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro_Football_Hall_of_Famers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Season-by-season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Season-by-season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Season-by-season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Season-by-season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" title="Providence Steam Roller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Providence Steam Roller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" title="Providence Steam Roller – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Providence Steam Roller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_Roller_de_Providence" title="Steam Roller de Providence – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Steam Roller de Providence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" title="Providence Steam Roller – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Providence Steam Roller" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="プロビデンス・スチームローラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロビデンス・スチームローラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Steamrollers" title="Providence Steamrollers – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Providence Steamrollers" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" title="Providence Steam Roller – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Providence Steam Roller" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%B6%AD%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E5%A3%93%E8%B7%AF%E6%A9%9F_(NFL)" title="普羅維登斯蒸汽壓路機 (NFL) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普羅維登斯蒸汽壓路機 (NFL)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steam_Roller&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Steam Roller">Providence Steam Roller</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct American football team</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1920s football team. For the 1940s basketball team, see <a href="/wiki/Providence_Steamrollers" title="Providence Steamrollers">Providence Steamrollers</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Providence Steamrollers</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ProvidenceSteamRoller1922.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Providence Steamrollers logo"><img alt="Providence Steamrollers logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/ProvidenceSteamRoller1922.gif" decoding="async" width="126" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="101" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Suspended</th><td class="infobox-data">1931</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Folded</th><td class="infobox-data">1933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">League</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent (1916–24) <br /> <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (1925–33)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Team history</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Providence Steamrollers (1916–33)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Team colors</th><td class="infobox-data">Black, orange, white <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f03a16; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head coaches</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Braney" title="Joe Braney">Joe Braney</a> (1916–1924)<br /><a href="/wiki/Archie_Golembeski" title="Archie Golembeski">Archie Golembeski</a> (1925) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Laird" title="Jim Laird">Jim Laird</a> (1926) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Conzelman" title="Jimmy Conzelman">Jimmy Conzelman</a> (1928–30) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Eddie_%22Robbie%22_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddie "Robbie" Robinson">Ed Robinson</a> (1931)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General managers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pearce_Johnson" title="Pearce Johnson">Pearce Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coppen" title="Charles Coppen">Charles Coppen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Dooley_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="James Dooley (Rhode Island politician)">James Dooley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_Laudati" title="Peter Laudati">Peter Laudati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the National Football League championship">NFL Championship</a> wins</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (<a href="/wiki/1928_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1928 Providence Steam Roller season">1928</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home field(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kinsley_Park" title="Kinsley Park">Kinsley Park</a> (1916–1924)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cycledrome" title="Cycledrome">Cycledrome</a> (1925–1933)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Providence Steam Rollers</b> (also referred to as the <b>Providence Steam Roller</b>, the <b>Providence Steamroller</b> and the <b>Providence Steamrollers</b>) were a professional <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> team based in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> team to win an <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the National Football League championship">NFL championship</a>. The Steam Roller won the <a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions_(1920%E2%80%931969)" title="List of NFL champions (1920–1969)">league's championship</a> in 1928, which is the latest NFL championship win by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_National_Football_League_franchises" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct National Football League franchises">defunct team</a> to date. Most of their home games were played at the <a href="/wiki/Cycledrome" title="Cycledrome">Cycledrome</a>, a 10,000-seat stadium that was built as a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> for bicycle races. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-NFL">Pre-NFL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-NFL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Steam Rollers were established in 1916 by members of the <i><a href="/wiki/Providence_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Journal">Providence Journal</a></i>; sports-editor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Coppen" title="Charles Coppen">Charles Coppen</a> and part-time sports-writer <a href="/wiki/Pearce_Johnson" title="Pearce Johnson">Pearce Johnson</a>. Three men shared in the ownership and management of the team: Coppen, <a href="/wiki/James_Dooley_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="James Dooley (Rhode Island politician)">James Dooley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Laudati" title="Peter Laudati">Peter Laudati</a>. Meanwhile, Johnson stayed on as the team's manager for each year of its existence.<sup id="cite_ref-Pigskin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pigskin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team soon became a regional power and by the mid-1920s was known as the best independent team in the country. By 1919 the team was drawing in more spectators than <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> by a margin of 2–1, according to newspaper reports at the time. However, it seemed unlikely since the Steam Rollers crowd was on average 3,000 spectators a game. The players' wages were lower than those of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, so it was harder for the Steam Rollers to bring in "ringers". Several <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> players did play for the Steam Rollers, but under aliases, so as not to jeopardize their amateur status.<sup id="cite_ref-Pigskin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pigskin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, Providence's schedule featured several NFL teams. The Steam Rollers posted a 3–2–1 record against those teams, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Jeffersons" title="Rochester Jeffersons">Rochester Jeffersons</a> (3–0), <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Marines">Minneapolis Marines</a> (49–0) and <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a> (10–7). Both of their losses came against the <a href="/wiki/Frankford_Yellow_Jackets" title="Frankford Yellow Jackets">Frankford Yellow Jackets</a> (21–10) and (16–3). The team also posted a scoreless tie against the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Tigers</a>. The 1924 Steam Rollers then went on to win the mythical "undisputed championship of the Northeast". The team's success that season was enough to make Steam Rollers management and fans start thinking about playing in the NFL.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NFL_years">NFL years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: NFL years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg/220px-Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg/330px-Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg/440px-Football_game_at_Providence_Cycledrome_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2356" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>A 1928 football game at the <a href="/wiki/Cycledrome" title="Cycledrome">Cycledrome</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Providence joined the NFL in time for the 1925 season. By that time only three players from the 1924 team were still in the line-up when the team's first practice of 1925 was held on September 17. In fact, only about a dozen of them wore Steam Rollers colors for the team's debut in the NFL.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Steam Rollers played mediocre football in their first two NFL seasons, but posted a strong 8–5–1 record in 1927 with <a href="/wiki/Jim_Conzelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Conzelman">Jim Conzelman</a> as the team's head coach. For his per game salary of $292, Conzelman not only coached the team but also played <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> in the single-wing formation. The star player for Providence was <a href="/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)" title="Halfback (American football)">halfback</a> <a href="/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson" title="Wildcat Wilson">George "Wildcat" Wilson</a>, a 1925 <a href="/wiki/All-American" class="mw-redirect" title="All-American">All-American</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> who had spent the 1926 season as the head of the traveling <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Wildcats_(AFL)" title="Los Angeles Wildcats (AFL)">Los Angeles Wildcats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">AFL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roller_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roller-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1928_championship_season">1928 championship season</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1928 championship season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg/220px-Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg/330px-Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg/440px-Steam_Roller_1928_World_Champions_pennant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4239" data-file-height="2955" /></a><figcaption>1928 World Champions pennant.</figcaption></figure> <p>Providence opened its <a href="/wiki/1928_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1928 Providence Steam Roller season">1928 season</a> against <a href="/wiki/Red_Grange" title="Red Grange">Red Grange</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees_(NFL)" title="New York Yankees (NFL)">New York Yankees</a>, Wilson's rival from the AFL. The Steam Rollers led the Yankees 20–7 at halftime and held that score throughout the second half. However, the team's next game resulted in a 10–6 loss to the Frankford Yellow Jackets. However, the team soon rebounded with a four-game winning streak over the Dayton Triangles (28–0), Yankees (12–6), <a href="/wiki/Pottsville_Maroons" title="Pottsville Maroons">Pottsville Maroons</a> (13–6) and <a href="/wiki/1928_Detroit_Wolverines_(NFL)_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 Detroit Wolverines (NFL) season">Detroit Wolverines</a> (7–0). The Steam Rollers faced the Yellow Jackets again at <a href="/wiki/Frankford_Stadium" title="Frankford Stadium">Frankford Stadium</a> on November 17, which resulted in a scoreless tie. However a week later, at the Cycledrome, Providence finally avenged its only loss of the season with a 6–0 victory over the Yellow Jackets. The team would then post wins over the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> (16–0) and Pottsville (7–0), before ending its season with a 7–7 tie, against the <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a>. Providence was named the 1928 NFL Champions. Prior to the 1932 season, the NFL team with the best winning percentage was named the NFL Champions. Despite the Yellow Jackets winning 3 more games than the Steam Rollers and posting an 11–3–2 record, Providence was awarded the title due to having a better winning percentage with an 8-1-2 season.<sup id="cite_ref-Roller_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roller-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A "victory banquet" at the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Biltmore" title="Providence Biltmore">Biltmore Hotel</a> took place a week later. At the banquet, each player was rewarded with a gold watch. It was also at this event that Conzelman was given a trophy and named the team's "Most Valuable Player". Five of the Steam Rollers players gained All-NFL honors when the league issued its official honor roll on December 23. Wildcat Wilson and <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Smith_(American_football)" title="Clyde Smith (American football)">Clyde Smith</a> were named to the first team, while <a href="/wiki/Curly_Oden" title="Curly Oden">Curly Oden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milt_Rehnquist" title="Milt Rehnquist">Milt Rehnquist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gus_Sonnenberg" title="Gus Sonnenberg">Gus Sonnenberg</a> were placed on the second team.<sup id="cite_ref-Roller_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roller-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NFL_firsts">NFL firsts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: NFL firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the course of the next seven years, the team not only won an NFL championship but also established three league "firsts." In 1925, Providence was the first NFL team to play its home games in a bicycle racing stadium (a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a>). In 1929, the Steam Rollers established two NFL "firsts." In the six-day period between November 5 and November 10, 1929, Providence played four games. The marathon string began against the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Stapletons" title="Staten Island Stapletons">Staten Island Stapletons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals" title="Chicago Cardinals">Chicago Cardinals</a> and concluded with a two-game series against the <a href="/wiki/Frankford_Yellow_Jackets" title="Frankford Yellow Jackets">Frankford Yellow Jackets</a>. Although the Steam Rollers made history, their 0–3–1 record during that six-day stretch proved to be a scheduling disaster. During the second game of that four-game series, Providence hosted the Cardinals on November 6. The game was played at night at nearby <a href="/wiki/Kinsley_Park" title="Kinsley Park">Kinsley Park</a>, where floodlights recently had been installed. The teams had originally been scheduled to play on Sunday, November 3, but heavy rains made the Cycledrome field unplayable. Since neither team wanted to lose a payday, the historic night game was hastily scheduled. Because of this, Providence made history again by being the first team to host an NFL game at night under floodlights. Although the Steam Rollers lost 16–0, the game was declared a success because 6,000 fans attended.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their 1928 championship, the team experienced troubles in 1929. On January 4, 1929, Sonnenberg defeated <a href="/wiki/Strangler_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Strangler Lewis">Strangler Lewis</a> in two straight falls to capture the world heavyweight championship in professional wrestling. This caused Sonnenberg to stay out of football, as he could make better money defending his title. Meanwhile, Oden quit pro football to take a job with an insurance company in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a>, and Smith decided to return to his native <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and coach football. Conzelman also didn't fully recover from a knee injury sustained in 1928. Rehnquist missed the first half of the season due to illness, and Wildcat Wilson became complacent and turned into an ordinary back. The 1929 Steam Rollers team struggled to a 4–6–2 record, resulting in a 7th place league finish. This caused the fans, who attended each game during the championship season, to stay home. The team posted a 6–4–1 record in 1930 and a 4–4–3 record in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lack of interest, coupled with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in 1930, caused Dooley, Coppen and Laudati to suspend operations after the 1931 season. The three owners then gave up and turned the franchise back over to the NFL in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_origin">Name origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Name origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During halftime against a game between the Steam Rollers and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Pros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providence Pros (page does not exist)">Providence Pros</a>, Charles Coppen, who was getting a hot dog, heard a remark that the opposing team was "getting steam-rolled". Coppen loved the remark so much he named his team the Steam Rollers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Steam_Roller_teams">Other Steam Roller teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other Steam Roller teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A team known as the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Huskies" title="Providence Huskies">Providence Huskies</a> (the Steam Roller had used a husky-like dog as their mascot, so this team may have been a continuation of or successor to the Steam Roller) played during the 1933 season. The Huskies earned a <a href="/wiki/Perfect_season" title="Perfect season">perfect season</a>, the only season in the professional or semi-professional record books to have not allowed their opponents to score a single point over an entire season. In 1936 an unrelated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steam_Roller_(1936)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providence Steam Roller (1936) (page does not exist)">Providence Steam Roller</a> team played in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England_Football_League_(1936)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New England Football League (1936) (page does not exist)">New England Football League</a> for one season. </p><p>The Steam Roller name was revived by Pearce Johnson, one of the original team's founders. The subsequent Steamrollers played on a near-continuous basis since that point as a semi-pro, minor league, and independent team until 1942, when it moved to Springfield and became the <i>Springfield Steamroller</i> for 1943, and suspended operations shortly thereafter. The last three seasons of a "Providence Steamrollers" team were as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a>; in 1962, the Steamroller team was the league's runner-up, losing in the championship to the <a href="/wiki/Paterson_Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterson Miners">Paterson Miners</a> in a double-overtime decision. The assets of the ACFL Steam Roller were bought and taken to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Indians" title="Rhode Island Indians">Rhode Island Indians</a>, where the team played one last season in 1965. After the 1965 season, the team's franchise rights were turned over to famed baseball player <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> and became the "Brooklyn Dodgers," which lasted one season. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Association_of_America" title="Basketball Association of America">Basketball Association of America</a> franchise was also called the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Steamrollers" title="Providence Steamrollers">Providence Steamrollers</a>. The Steamrollers played for three seasons, beginning in 1946–1947. </p><p>The name was revived again in 1988 for an <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(1987%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Football League (1987–2008)">Arena Football League</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Steamrollers" title="New England Steamrollers">New England Steamrollers</a>. </p><p>A rare home movie showing the Providence Steamrollers playing the Framingham Lion Tamers was recently discovered and preserved by Northeast Historic Film, a regional moving image archive in New England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pro_Football_Hall_of_Famers">Pro Football Hall of Famers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pro Football Hall of Famers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Providence Steamrollers Hall of Famers </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Players </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Tenure </th> <th>Inducted </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Conzelman" title="Jimmy Conzelman">Jimmy Conzelman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)" title="Halfback (American football)">HB</a>/<a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">QB</a><br />Coach</td> <td>1927–1929</td> <td>1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pollard" title="Fritz Pollard">Fritz Pollard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)" title="Halfback (American football)">HB</a></td> <td>1925</td> <td>2005 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Season-by-season">Season-by-season</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Season-by-season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg/175px-Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg/263px-Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg/350px-Packers_v_Steamrollers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>1931 program between the "Steam Rollers" and Green Bay Packers</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Finish</th> <th>Coach </th></tr> <tr> <td>1924</td> <td>12</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Braney" title="Joe Braney">Joe Braney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>10th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archie_Golembeski" title="Archie Golembeski">Archie Golembeski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td>11th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Laird" title="Jim Laird">Jim Laird</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>5th</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Conzelman" title="Jimmy Conzelman">Jimmy Conzelman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928</td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td><b>1st</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>2</td> <td>8th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>5th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>6th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eddie_%22Robbie%22_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddie "Robbie" Robinson">Ed Robinson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pigskin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pigskin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pigskin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1997" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Robert W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCnbhSRZpgIC"><i>Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511913-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511913-4"><bdi>0-19-511913-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pigskin%3A+The+Early+Years+of+Pro+Football&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-511913-4&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCnbhSRZpgIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill,_Bob" class="citation news cs1">Gill, Bob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929064850/http://profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Providence_Starts_Rolling.pdf">"Providence Starts Rolling"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Professional Football Researchers Association. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Providence_Starts_Rolling.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-09-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Providence+Starts+Rolling&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.au=Gill%2C+Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FArticles%2FProvidence_Starts_Rolling.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roller-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roller_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roller_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roller_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogrogian,_John1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hogrogian, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127035624/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">"The Steam Roller"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Coffin Corner</i>. <b>2</b> (3). Professional Football Researchers Association: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coffin+Corner&rft.atitle=The+Steam+Roller&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Hogrogian%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FCoffin_Corner%2F02-03-029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll,_Bob1980" class="citation journal cs1">Carroll, Bob (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929154916/http://profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Steamrollered.pdf">"Steam Rolled"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Coffin Corner</i>. <b>2</b> (3). Professional Football Researchers Association: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Articles/Steamrollered.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-09-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coffin+Corner&rft.atitle=Steam+Rolled&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FArticles%2FSteamrollered.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1920s/providence.aspx">http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1920s/providence.aspx</a> Decade-by-Decade: The 1920s and Providence (note: this reference erroneously calls the home field the "<i>Cyclodome</i>")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogrogian,_John1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hogrogian, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127035624/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">"The Steam Roller"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Coffin Corner</i>. <b>2</b> (3). Professional Football Researchers Association: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coffin+Corner&rft.atitle=The+Steam+Roller&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Hogrogian%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FCoffin_Corner%2F02-03-029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogrogian,_John1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hogrogian, John (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127035624/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">"The Steam Roller"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Coffin Corner</i>. <b>2</b> (3). Professional Football Researchers Association: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-03-029.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coffin+Corner&rft.atitle=The+Steam+Roller&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Hogrogian%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FCoffin_Corner%2F02-03-029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1997" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Robert W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCnbhSRZpgIC"><i>Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511913-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511913-4"><bdi>0-19-511913-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pigskin%3A+The+Early+Years+of+Pro+Football&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-511913-4&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCnbhSRZpgIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvidence+Steamrollers+%28NFL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence_Steamrollers_(NFL)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060726102858/http://www.footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=provdnce">Professional Football Researchers Association history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608043721/http://members.cox.net/bngolden1/providencesteamroller.htm">A Season in Time: Providence Steam Roller 1928</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artinruins.com/arch/?id=historical&pr=cyclodome">AIR Historical Providence Cycledrome</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NFL champions">1927</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> NFL Champions<br />Providence Steam Roller </b><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NFL champions">1928</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NFL champions">1929</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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#F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">The Franchise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Steam Roller">Providence Steam Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">Stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinsley_Park" title="Kinsley Park">Kinsley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycledrome" title="Cycledrome">Cycledrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">Owners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coppen" title="Charles Coppen">Charles Coppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dooley_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="James Dooley (Rhode Island politician)">James Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Laudati" title="Peter Laudati">Peter Laudati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">General Manager</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pearce_Johnson" title="Pearce Johnson">Pearce Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">Head Coaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Braney" title="Joe Braney">Joe Braney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Golembeski" title="Archie Golembeski">Archie Golembeski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Laird" title="Jim Laird">Jim Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Conzelman" title="Jimmy Conzelman">Jimmy Conzelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_N._Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddie N. Robinson">Eddie N. Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">NFL Championships (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_NFL_season" title="1928 NFL season">1928</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Steamrollers" title="New England Steamrollers">New England Steamrollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Jackson" title="Perry Jackson">Perry Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnie_Shockley" title="Arnie Shockley">Arnie Shockley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #F03A16 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;;width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1925 Providence Steam Roller season">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1926 Providence Steam Roller season">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1927 Providence Steam Roller season">1927</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1928_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1928 Providence Steam Roller season">1928</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1929 Providence Steam Roller season">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1930 Providence Steam Roller season">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1931 Providence Steam Roller season">1931</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#f03a16; color:black; border:2px solid black;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Bill_Cronin_(fullback)" title="Bill Cronin (fullback)">Bill Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cronin_(American_football)" title="Jack Cronin (American football)">Jack Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fleischman" title="Jack Fleischman">Jack Fleischman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hadden" title="Al Hadden">Al Hadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanny" title="Frank Hanny">Duke Hanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Harvey" title="Norm Harvey">Norm Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Jackson" title="Perry Jackson">Perry Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Laird" title="Jim Laird">Jim Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Oden" title="Curly Oden">Curly Oden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt_Rehnquist" title="Milt Rehnquist">Milt Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Simmons_(American_football)" title="Jim Simmons (American football)">Jim Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Smith_(American_football)" title="Clyde Smith (American football)">Clyde Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orland_Smith_(American_football)" title="Orland Smith (American football)">Orland Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Sonnenberg" title="Gus Sonnenberg">Gus Sonnenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Spellman" title="Jack Spellman">Jack Spellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Williams_(American_football)" title="Pop Williams (American football)">Art "Pop" Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Wilson" title="Abe Wilson">Abe Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson" title="Wildcat Wilson">Wildcat Wilson</a></li> <li><br />Head coach: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Conzelman" title="Jimmy Conzelman">Jimmy Conzelman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media 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#000000;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Providence_Steam_Roller_seasons" title="Template:Providence Steam Roller seasons"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Providence_Steam_Roller_seasons" title="Template talk:Providence Steam Roller seasons"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Providence_Steam_Roller_seasons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Providence Steam Roller seasons"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Providence_Steam_Roller_seasons170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Providence_Steam_Roller_seasons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Providence Steam Roller seasons (page does not exist)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Providence Steam Roller seasons</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1925 Providence Steam Roller season">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1926 Providence Steam Roller season">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1927 Providence Steam Roller season">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1928 Providence Steam Roller season">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1929 Providence Steam Roller season">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1930 Providence Steam Roller season">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Providence_Steam_Roller_season" title="1931 Providence Steam Roller season">1931</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Defunct_NFL_franchises89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defunct_NFL_teams" title="Template:Defunct NFL teams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defunct_NFL_teams" title="Template talk:Defunct NFL teams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct_NFL_teams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct NFL teams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_NFL_franchises89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_NFL_franchises" title="List of defunct NFL franchises">Defunct NFL franchises</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charter<br />teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tigers" title="Chicago Tigers">Chicago Tigers</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Tigers_(NFL)" title="Cleveland Tigers (NFL)">Cleveland Tigers / Indians</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muncie_Flyers" title="Muncie Flyers">Muncie Flyers</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Jeffersons" title="Rochester Jeffersons">Rochester Jeffersons</a> (1920–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Independents" title="Rock Island Independents">Rock Island Independents</a> (1920–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akron_Pros" title="Akron Pros">Akron Pros / Indians</a> (1920–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs" title="Canton Bulldogs">Canton Bulldogs</a> (1920–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles / Tigers</a> (1920–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_Pros" title="Hammond Pros">Hammond Pros</a> (1920–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_(1920s_NFL_teams)" title="Detroit (1920s NFL teams)">Detroit Heralds / Tigers / Panthers / Wolverines</a> (1920–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(NFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo (NFL)">Buffalo All-Americans / Bisons / Rangers</a> (1920–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a> (1920–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Celts" title="Cincinnati Celts">Cincinnati Celts</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Brickley_Giants" title="New York Brickley Giants">New York Brickley Giants</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonawanda_Kardex_Lumbermen" title="Tonawanda Kardex Lumbermen">Tonawanda Kardex Lumbermen</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(NFL)" title="Washington Senators (NFL)">Washington Senators</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_Crimson_Giants" title="Evansville Crimson Giants">Evansville Crimson Giants</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_(NFL)" title="Louisville (NFL)">Louisville Breckenridges / Colonels</a> (1921–1923, 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Marines/Red_Jackets" title="Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets">Minneapolis Marines / Red Jackets</a> (1921–1924, 1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorang_Indians" title="Oorang Indians">Oorang Indians</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Maroons" title="Toledo Maroons">Toledo Maroons</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racine_Legion" title="Racine Legion">Racine Legion / Tornadoes</a> (1922–1924, 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Badgers" title="Milwaukee Badgers">Milwaukee Badgers</a> (1922–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_All-Stars" title="St. Louis All-Stars">St. Louis All-Stars</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Bulldogs" title="Cleveland Bulldogs">Cleveland Indians / Bulldogs</a> (1923–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_Eskimos" title="Duluth Eskimos">Duluth Kelleys / Eskimos</a> (1923–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_Maroons" title="Kenosha Maroons">Kenosha Maroons</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Blues_(NFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Blues (NFL)">Kansas City Blues</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Cowboys_(NFL)" title="Kansas City Cowboys (NFL)">Kansas City Cowboys</a> (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankford_Yellow_Jackets" title="Frankford Yellow Jackets">Frankford Yellow Jackets</a> (1924–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottsville_Maroons" title="Pottsville Maroons">Pottsville Maroons / Boston Bulldogs</a> (1925–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Steam Roller">Providence Steam Roller</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Lions">Brooklyn Lions</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Blues" title="Hartford Blues">Hartford Blues</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Buccaneers" title="Los Angeles Buccaneers">Los Angeles Buccaneers</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees_(NFL)" title="New York Yankees (NFL)">New York Yankees</a> (1927–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange/Newark_Tornadoes" title="Orange/Newark Tornadoes">Orange / Newark Tornadoes</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Stapletons" title="Staten Island Stapletons">Staten Island Stapletons</a> (1929–1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s–50s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(NFL)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)">Brooklyn Dodgers / Tigers</a> (1930–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Indians_(NFL_1931)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians (NFL 1931)">Cleveland Indians</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds_(NFL)" title="Cincinnati Reds (NFL)">Cincinnati Reds</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Gunners" title="St. Louis Gunners">St. Louis Gunners</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Yanks" title="Boston Yanks">Boston Yanks</a> (1944–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Colts_(1947%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Colts (1947–50)">Baltimore Colts</a> (1947–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yanks" title="New York Yanks">New York Bulldogs / Yanks</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Texans_(NFL)" title="Dallas Texans (NFL)">Dallas Texans</a> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atlantic_Coast_Football_League87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Template:Atlantic Coast Football League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Template talk:Atlantic Coast Football League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic Coast Football League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atlantic_Coast_Football_League87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1962</li> <li>1963</li> <li>1964</li> <li>1965</li> <li>1966</li> <li>1967</li> <li>1968</li> <li>1969</li> <li>1970</li> <li>1971</li> <li>1973</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League#Teams" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Teams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansonia_Black_Knights" title="Ansonia Black Knights">Ansonia Black Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Spartans" title="Atlanta Spartans">Atlanta Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Senators" title="Atlantic City Senators">Atlantic City Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Broncos" title="Baltimore Broncos">Baltimore Broncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Steamrollers" title="Boston Steamrollers">Boston Steamrollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Sweepers" title="Boston Sweepers">Boston Sweepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport_Jets" title="Bridgeport Jets">Bridgeport Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort_Falcons" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfort Falcons">Frankfort Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_Capitol-Colts" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg Capitol-Colts">Harrisburg Capitol-Colts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_Capitols" title="Harrisburg Capitols">Harrisburg Capitols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Charter_Oaks" title="Hartford Charter Oaks">Hartford Charter Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Knights" title="Hartford Knights">Hartford Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Bombers" title="Holyoke Bombers">Holyoke Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Capitols" title="Indianapolis Capitols">Indianapolis Capitols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Giants" title="Jersey Giants">Jersey Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Jays" title="Jersey Jays">Jersey Jays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Tigers" title="Jersey Tigers">Jersey Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Bulls" title="Long Island Bulls">Long Island Bulls</a></li> <li>Long Island Chiefs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Giants" title="Lowell Giants">Lowell Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_Falcons" title="Mohawk Valley Falcons">Mohawk Valley Falcons</a></li> <li>Morrissey Club Steelers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_Sweepers" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford Sweepers">New Bedford Sweepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonials" title="New England Colonials">New England Colonials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Crusaders" title="New York Crusaders">New York Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Bears" title="Newark Bears">Newark Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Neptunes" title="Norfolk Neptunes">Norfolk Neptunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Panthers" title="Orlando Panthers">Orlando Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterson Miners">Paterson Miners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Valley_Ironmen" title="Pittsburgh Valley Ironmen">Pittsburgh Valley Ironmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Sea_Hawks" title="Portland Sea Hawks">Portland Sea Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottstown_Firebirds" title="Pottstown Firebirds">Pottstown Firebirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Steamroller" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Steamroller">Providence Steamroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Giants" class="mw-redirect" title="Quincy Giants">Quincy Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Steelers" title="Rhode Island Steelers">Rhode Island Steelers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Rebels_(Continental_Football_League)" title="Richmond Rebels (Continental Football League)">Richmond Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Roadrunners" title="Richmond Roadrunners">Richmond Roadrunners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Saints">Richmond Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Buckskins" title="Roanoke Buckskins">Roanoke Buckskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton_Miners_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scranton Miners (football)">Scranton Miners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton_Pros" class="mw-redirect" title="Scranton Pros">Scranton Pros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Acorns" title="Springfield Acorns">Springfield Acorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Golden_Bears" title="Stamford Golden Bears">Stamford Golden Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Sailors" title="Virginia Sailors">Virginia Sailors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury_Orbits" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterbury Orbits">Waterbury Orbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts_Pioneers" title="Western Massachusetts Pioneers">Western Massachusetts Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_Bulls" title="Westchester Bulls">Westchester Bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_Crusaders" title="Westchester Crusaders">Westchester Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_Renegades" title="Wilmington Renegades">Wilmington Clippers/Renegades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continental_Football_League89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continental_Football_League" title="Template:Continental Football League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continental_Football_League" title="Template talk:Continental Football League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_Football_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental Football League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_Football_League89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1965_Continental_Football_League_season" title="1965 Continental Football League season">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_Continental_Football_League_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 Continental Football League season (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Continental_Football_League_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Continental Football League season (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_Continental_Football_League_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 Continental Football League season (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Continental_Football_League_season" title="1969 Continental Football League season">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Continental_Football_League_teams" title="List of Continental Football League teams">Teams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Hawks" title="Alabama Hawks">Alabama Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Diamonds_(American_football_team)" title="Arkansas Diamonds (American football team)">Arkansas Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(Continental_Football_League)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (Continental Football League)">Brooklyn Dodgers/Akron Vulcans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Rockets" title="Charleston Rockets">Charleston Rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Owls" title="Chicago Owls">Chicago Owls</a></li> <li>Dallas Rockets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bombers" title="Eugene Bombers">Eugene Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_Braves" title="Fort Worth Braves">Fort Worth Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Charter_Oaks" title="Hartford Charter Oaks">Hartford Charter Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Loggers" title="Portland Loggers">Hawaii Warriors/Portland Loggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Capitols" title="Indianapolis Capitols">Indianapolis Capitols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Jays" title="Jersey Jays">Jersey Jays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Admirals" title="Long Beach Admirals">Long Beach Admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_Golden_Aztecs" title="Mexico Golden Aztecs">Mexico Golden Aztecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-City_Apollos" title="Tri-City Apollos">Michigan Arrows/Tri-City Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Beavers" title="Montreal Beavers">Fort Wayne Warriors/Montreal Beavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Panthers" title="Orlando Panthers">Newark Bears/Orlando Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Neptunes" title="Norfolk Neptunes">Norfolk Neptunes</a></li> <li>Oklahoma Thunderbirds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Mustangs" title="Omaha Mustangs">Omaha Mustangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Ramblers" title="Orange County Ramblers">Orange County Ramblers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Bulldogs_(American_football)" title="Philadelphia Bulldogs (American football)">Philadelphia Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Indians" title="Rhode Island Indians">Rhode Island Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_City_Raiders" title="Quad City Raiders">Quad City Raiders</a>/<a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Cowboys" title="Las Vegas Cowboys">Las Vegas Cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Rebels_(Continental_Football_League)" title="Richmond Rebels (Continental Football League)">Richmond Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Capitols" title="Sacramento Capitols">Sacramento Buccaneers/Capitols</a></li> <li>San Antonio Toros</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Apaches" title="San Jose Apaches">San Jose Apaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Rangers" title="Seattle Rangers">Seattle Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana_Titans" title="Texarkana Titans">Texarkana Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Rifles" title="Toronto Rifles">Toronto Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Shockers" title="Spokane Shockers">Victoria Steelers/Spokane Shockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Rufneks" title="West Texas Rufneks">West Texas Rufneks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_Ironmen" title="Wheeling Ironmen">Wheeling/Ohio Valley Ironmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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