CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0"/><title>Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and...</title><meta name="description" content="This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media...."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://sciendo.com/de/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://sciendo.com/es/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://sciendo.com/fr/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://sciendo.com/it/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="pl" href="https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><meta property="og:title" content="Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and..."/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image.jpg"/><meta property="og:description" content="This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media..."/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Sciendo"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="sciendo_"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="sciendo_"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and..."/><meta name="twitter:description" content="This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media..."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Sciendo"/><meta name="twitter:domain" content="https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jerslev, Anne"}],"audience":null,"datePublished":"2022-05-07","headline":"Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness","keywords":["temporality","liveness","ceremonial media events","user-generated media events"],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Sciendo"},"name":"Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness","image":"https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image.jpg","url":"https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"}</script><meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><meta name="DC.Title" content="Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness"/><meta name="DC.Description" content="This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media events entails understanding how they are embedded in complex patterns of temporalities; hence, the article deploys the notion of temporality of liveness to contemplate different ways in which time is entangled and made salient as particular forms of temporality in the unfolding of media events. Analysing the Danish queen's 2020 New Year's speech, the Danish prime minister's Covid-19 speech of 11 March 2020, and the broadcasting of the inauguration of Joe Biden on 20 January 2021, the article shows that liveness can be approached analytically. The analysis unfolds the diversity and changeability of temporalities of liveness, and argues that contemporary ceremonial events may be local or global, small or large, but still reach a substantial portion of a population. Thus, a point in the article is to call attention to the enduring importance of broadcast media and television for the creation of media events that gather and “enthrall” large audiences, to quote Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, even in a time of global digital network communication."/><meta name="citation_title" content="Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Jerslev, Anne"/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/05/07"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Nordic Journal of Media Studies"/><meta name="citation_volume" content="4"/><meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/><meta name="citation_firstpage" content="19"/><meta name="citation_lastpage" content="36"/><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="42"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/images/logo192.png"/><link data-next-font="" rel="preconnect" href="/" crossorigin="anonymous"/><script type="text/javascript" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">window.MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [ // ["$", "$"], ], }, svg: { fontCache: "global", } };</script><script type="text/x-mathjax-config" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">if (MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMSIE) { window.onload = function () {MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset",MathJax.Hub])} } MathJax.Hub.Config({ extensions: ["MMLorHTML.js"], jax: ["input/MathML","output/CommonHTML","output/NativeMML"], extensions: ["mml2jax.js","MathMenu.js","MathZoom.js"] }); hasMathjax = true; mathjaxComplete = false; MathJax.Hub.signal.Interest( function (message) { if ('End Process' == message[0]) { mathjaxComplete = true; } } );</script><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/980fd52688ec93e3.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/980fd52688ec93e3.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/e163fec3641c0210.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/e163fec3641c0210.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js"></script><script src="/scripts/liblynx.js" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="//connect.liblynx.com/log/js/counter5.min.js" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="MathJax-script" async="" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-svg.js" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-7187849b9452973a.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-e444abb322869dc6.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-d868e83bf53f96bf.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6bab9fbd7aa95343.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/c16184b3-f5de28efe2c9b3f4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/906a09f8-bfec16ff2fc782ca.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5675-1e9a2b057624a968.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2950-22fa895ae8154984.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2345-2daef75f20bef1f0.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9922-87784a72ab09742d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1358-cb8cf6da7cd762ca.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8540-79d544458296deb7.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5699-dce2732f5acfb7b6.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8450-2f16201009d7bfcf.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7274-9b3a7228a7b86773.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4406-10119846171bbf99.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/514-6867d0ee3499311d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3576-7085faea2aec0ba7.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/article/%5B...doi%5D-cf56066a4bfc4419.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/oB_re-t4t6nlTWg0eBiEP/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/oB_re-t4t6nlTWg0eBiEP/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><div id="__next"><div class="" style="--bgimage:url(undefined)"><div class="NavigationBar_top-spacing__vA3IX"></div><nav class="NavigationBar_nav-bar-wrapper__uq0K7 NavigationBar_nav-bar-wrapper-white__HZIYR"><div class="NavigationBar_nav-bar__glBXc NavigationBar_navbar__WOADA NavigationBar_navbar-expand-md__fZ6pR custom-container position-relative"><div class="NavigationBar_nav-left__tEdP3"><div class="NavigationBar_nav-left-group-1__D9lvU"><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f NavigationBar_hamburgerButton__esM49 dropdown" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.001)" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#"><span></span><span></span><span></span></a><a style="padding:8px 0" href="/"><img class="NavigationBar_navLogo__jmJuM" src="/navbar/logo.svg" alt="Sciendo Logo"/></a></div><div class="NavigationBar_mobile-nav-links__G381a"><ul class="m-0 p-0 list-unstyled fw-500"><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><a style="padding:0.5rem" data-mobile-search="true" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#"><span><svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle r="9" transform="matrix(0.726436 0.687234 -0.726436 0.687234 11.8306 10.9852)" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"></circle><path d="M18 17L25 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><a style="padding:0.5rem" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#"><span><svg width="20" height="22" viewBox="0 0 20 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.7922 12.1607C15.6419 10.9914 16.9136 8.94514 16.9136 6.54808C16.8558 2.92325 13.9657 0 10.3819 0C6.74037 0 3.85026 2.92325 3.85026 6.60654C3.85026 9.00361 5.12191 11.0499 6.97158 12.2192C3.38784 13.5639 0.902344 17.0133 0.902344 21.1059H2.63641C2.63641 18.9427 3.50344 17.0133 4.8907 15.6102C6.27795 14.207 8.24323 13.33 10.3241 13.33C12.4628 13.33 14.3703 14.207 15.7575 15.6102C17.1448 17.0133 18.0118 19.0011 18.0118 21.1059H19.7459C19.8037 17.0133 17.3182 13.5639 13.7922 12.1607ZM5.58433 6.60654C5.58433 5.26185 6.10455 4.03408 6.97158 3.15711C7.83861 2.28013 9.05246 1.75395 10.3819 1.75395C11.7114 1.75395 12.8674 2.28013 13.7344 3.15711C14.6015 4.03408 15.1217 5.26185 15.1217 6.54808C15.1217 7.89277 14.6015 9.06207 13.7344 9.93905C12.8674 10.816 11.6536 11.3422 10.3819 11.3422C9.05246 11.3422 7.89642 10.816 7.02938 9.93905C6.10455 9.12054 5.58433 7.89277 5.58433 6.60654Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><a style="padding:0.5rem" class="nav-link NavigationBar_nav-link__yidRt" href="/cart"><div class="CartIcon_cartIconContainer__VHC4a"></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="NavigationBar_nav-links__8vE1Y show NavigationBar_show__PFehm"><ul class="NavigationBar_navbar-nav__AApjF m-0 p-0 list-unstyled fw-500 anchor-unstyled navbar-nav"><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span type="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Publish & Distribute<span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><span class="DropdownArrow_select-icon__tVVUw"><svg width="14" height="11" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 10.8848L0.0717973 0.59905L13.9282 0.599051L7 10.8848Z" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"></path></svg></svg></span></span></span><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu__sWlLy NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-publications__PVg_n dropdown-menu"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-container__vcoGZ"><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/publishing_services"><div class="py-1">Publishing Solutions</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/distribution_services"><div class="py-1">Distribution Solutions</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/librarians"><div class="py-1">Library Services</div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span type="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Subjects<span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><span class="DropdownArrow_select-icon__tVVUw"><svg width="14" height="11" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 10.8848L0.0717973 0.59905L13.9282 0.599051L7 10.8848Z" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"></path></svg></svg></span></span></span><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu__sWlLy NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-subjects__jFF05 dropdown-menu"><div class="NavigationBar_subject-dropdown-menu-container__tI5Tp"><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=AD">Architecture and Design</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=AR">Arts</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=EC">Business and Economics</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=CH">Chemistry</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=CL">Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=CO">Computer Sciences</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=CS">Cultural Studies</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=EN">Engineering</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=GL">General Interest</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=GS">Geosciences</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=HI">History</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=IC">Industrial Chemistry</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=JS">Jewish Studies</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=LA">Law</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=LB">Library and Information Science, Book Studies</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=LF">Life Sciences</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=LS">Linguistics and Semiotics</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=LT">Literary Studies</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=MS">Materials Sciences</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=MT">Mathematics</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=MD">Medicine</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=MU">Music</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=PM">Pharmacy</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=PL">Philosophy</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=PY">Physics</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN">Social Sciences</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=SR">Sports and Recreation</a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?subject=TL">Theology and Religion</a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span type="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Publications<span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><span class="DropdownArrow_select-icon__tVVUw"><svg width="14" height="11" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 10.8848L0.0717973 0.59905L13.9282 0.599051L7 10.8848Z" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"></path></svg></svg></span></span></span><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu__sWlLy NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-publications__PVg_n dropdown-menu"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-container__vcoGZ"><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?productType=Journal"><div class="py-1">Journals</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?productType=Book"><div class="py-1">Books</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/search/filterData?productType=Conference"><div class="py-1">Proceedings</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/publishers"><div class="py-1">Publishers</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item NavigationBar_highlight__Q_JyW" href="/journal-matcher"><div class="py-1">Journal Matcher</div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><a class="nav-link NavigationBar_nav-link__yidRt" href="/blog/latest-articles">Blog</a></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="contactPopup_popup-link__Ebs0y"><a href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#">Contact</a></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><a class="NavigationBar_nav-search-button__iP_Eq" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#">Search<svg width="17" height="17" viewBox="0 0 17 17" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="6.62854" cy="6.6286" r="5.98854" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.28"></circle><path d="M10.9717 10.9714L16.0002 15.9999" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.28"></path></svg></a></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span type="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><span class="DropdownArrow_select-icon__tVVUw"><svg width="14" height="11" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 10.8848L0.0717973 0.59905L13.9282 0.599051L7 10.8848Z" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"></path></svg></svg></span></span></span><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu__sWlLy NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-transformed__BHISz NavigationBar_grey-dropdown__4UvQ0 dropdown-menu"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-container__vcoGZ"><button class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item"><div class="py-1">EUR</div></button><button class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item"><div class="py-1">USD</div></button><button class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item"><div class="py-1">GBP</div></button></div></div></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span type="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><span><span>English</span></span><span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><span class="DropdownArrow_select-icon__tVVUw"><svg width="14" height="11" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 14 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7 10.8848L0.0717973 0.59905L13.9282 0.599051L7 10.8848Z" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1"></path></svg></svg></span></span></span><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu__sWlLy NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-transformed__BHISz NavigationBar_grey-dropdown__4UvQ0 dropdown-menu"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown-menu-container__vcoGZ"><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">English</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/de/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">Deutsch</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/pl/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">Polski</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/es/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">Español</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/fr/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">Français</div></a><a class="NavigationBar_dropdown-item__qTeW7 dropdown-item" href="/it/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"><div class="py-1">Italiano</div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym"><a class="nav-link NavigationBar_nav-link__yidRt" href="/cart"><span class="NavigationBar_cart-text__4_xKM">Cart</span><div class="CartIcon_cartIconContainer__VHC4a"></div></a></li><li class="NavigationBar_nav-item__HBKym NavigationBar_search-desktop__akFNU"><div class="NavigationBar_select-with-icon__Ubm4K"><div class="NavigationBar_dropdown__ydj1f dropdown"><span role="button" class="NavigationBar_dropdown-toggle__494eR dropdown-toggle"><span class="NavigationBar_select-icon__Cgf0a"><svg width="20" height="22" viewBox="0 0 20 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M13.7922 12.1607C15.6419 10.9914 16.9136 8.94514 16.9136 6.54808C16.8558 2.92325 13.9657 0 10.3819 0C6.74037 0 3.85026 2.92325 3.85026 6.60654C3.85026 9.00361 5.12191 11.0499 6.97158 12.2192C3.38784 13.5639 0.902344 17.0133 0.902344 21.1059H2.63641C2.63641 18.9427 3.50344 17.0133 4.8907 15.6102C6.27795 14.207 8.24323 13.33 10.3241 13.33C12.4628 13.33 14.3703 14.207 15.7575 15.6102C17.1448 17.0133 18.0118 19.0011 18.0118 21.1059H19.7459C19.8037 17.0133 17.3182 13.5639 13.7922 12.1607ZM5.58433 6.60654C5.58433 5.26185 6.10455 4.03408 6.97158 3.15711C7.83861 2.28013 9.05246 1.75395 10.3819 1.75395C11.7114 1.75395 12.8674 2.28013 13.7344 3.15711C14.6015 4.03408 15.1217 5.26185 15.1217 6.54808C15.1217 7.89277 14.6015 9.06207 13.7344 9.93905C12.8674 10.816 11.6536 11.3422 10.3819 11.3422C9.05246 11.3422 7.89642 10.816 7.02938 9.93905C6.10455 9.12054 5.58433 7.89277 5.58433 6.60654Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></div></div></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="wrapper py-3 d-none d-md-block"><style data-emotion="css 3pvn2y">.css-3pvn2y{font-family:Raleway;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1qrtoha">.css-1qrtoha{margin:0;font-family:"Roboto","Helvetica","Arial",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:0.00938em;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);font-family:Raleway;}.css-1qrtoha .MuiTypography-root .MuiLink-root{color:inherit;}</style><nav class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiBreadcrumbs-root css-1qrtoha" aria-label="breadcrumb"><style data-emotion="css nhb8h9">.css-nhb8h9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;}</style><ol class="MuiBreadcrumbs-ol css-nhb8h9"><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><a underline="hover" href="/">Home</a></li><style data-emotion="css 3mf706">.css-3mf706{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-left:8px;margin-right:8px;}</style><li aria-hidden="true" class="MuiBreadcrumbs-separator css-3mf706"></li><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><a underline="hover" href="/search/filterData?productType=Journal">Journals</a></li><li aria-hidden="true" class="MuiBreadcrumbs-separator css-3mf706"></li><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><a underline="hover" href="/journal/NJMS">Nordic Journal of Media Studies</a></li><li aria-hidden="true" class="MuiBreadcrumbs-separator css-3mf706"></li><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><a underline="hover" href="/issue/NJMS/4/1">Volume 4 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)</a></li></ol></nav></div><div class="py-4 bg-beige text-left"><div class="wrapper row py-2 d-flex align-items-center"><div class="px-0 col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 pr-lg-3"><div class="mb-3 d-flex align-items-center"><div><span class="mr-2 d-inline-block text-nowrap color-cobalt-blue fs-5" style="transform:translate(-4px,0)"><div class="AccessTypeIcon_main-container__Yib_6"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g id="top_1_" fill="currentColor"><path id="right-side" d="M12.7,11.4V5.7h1.7v5.7H12.7z"></path><path id="top" d="M12.7,5.7c0,0,0-0.1,0-0.1c0-1.5-1.2-2.7-2.8-2.7C8.2,2.9,7,4.1,7,5.6c0,0,0,0.1,0,0.1H5.3c0,0,0-0.1,0-0.1 c0-2.5,2-4.4,4.6-4.4c2.5,0,4.6,2,4.6,4.4c0,0,0,0.1,0,0.1H12.7z"></path></g><g id="license"><g id="free"><path d="M14.1,13.7c0,2.4-1.9,4.3-4.3,4.3c-2.4,0-4.3-1.9-4.3-4.3c0-2.4,1.9-4.3,4.3-4.3 C12.2,9.4,14.1,11.3,14.1,13.7z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.9"></path><ellipse fill="currentColor" cx="9.8" cy="13.7" rx="1.3" ry="1.3"></ellipse></g></g></svg></div>Open Access</span></div><div class="ml-2 text-nowrap"><div class="License2_container__kOwPp"><a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"><div class="License2_frame__khDWA"></div></a></div> </div></div><h1 class="fs-3 fw-bold"><article-title>Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness</article-title></h1><div class="mb-lg-0 mb-3 fs-5"><div class="Article_author-popup__qTeaZ"><div class="d-none d-md-block" style="display:flex;position:relative" aria-describedby="popup-1280381"><a href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=Jerslev%2C+Anne" class="fw-500">Anne Jerslev</a></div><div class="d-md-none" style="display:flex" aria-describedby="popup-1280382"><a href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=Jerslev%2C+Anne" class="fw-500">Jerslev, Anne</a></div></div><span style="color:#000000">  </span> | May 07, 2022</div></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-6"><div class="row container-1-1 bg-white p-3"><div class="Article_coverImage__w667i col-12 col-sm-4 mb-3 mb-sm-0 enhace-image d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"><a class="color-inherit" href="/journal/NJMS"><img src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image.jpg" alt="Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness's Cover Image"/></a></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-8 d-flex align-items-center"><div><a href="/journal/NJMS">Nordic Journal of Media Studies</a><div class="my-1 fs-5 text-uppercase"><a class="color-inherit fw-bold" href="/issue/NJMS/4/1">Volume 4 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)</a></div><div class="my-1 fs-5"></div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="px-5 py-3 bg-dark-blue text-left text-white"><div class="Article_aboutArticleRow__tTJuG row wrapper"><div class="Article_aboutArticle__KyjrC d-lg-flex d-inline-block align-items-center text-lg-left text-center">About this article</div><div class="Article_aboutArticleButtons__NUppp"><div class="text-md-left text-center"><a href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0001"><div style="cover-image:Article_coverImage__w667i;about-article:Article_aboutArticle__KyjrC;about-article-row:Article_aboutArticleRow__tTJuG;about-article-buttons:Article_aboutArticleButtons__NUppp" class="Buttons_previous-dark-blue__ZEORX">Previous Article</div></a></div><div class="text-md-right text-center"><a href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0003"><div style="cover-image:Article_coverImage__w667i;about-article:Article_aboutArticle__KyjrC;about-article-row:Article_aboutArticleRow__tTJuG;about-article-buttons:Article_aboutArticleButtons__NUppp" class="Buttons_next-dark-blue__n64hC">Next Article</div></a></div></div></div></div><div id="content-tabs" class="custom-container Article_series-tab-body___CSPv"><div class="" data-rttabs="true"><div class="row py-5 text-left"><div class="col-12 col-md-4"><div class="row"><div class="col-8"><ul class="list-unstyled" role="tablist"><li class="Journal_Tab__ajxoY pb-3 react-tabs__tab--selected" role="tab" id="tab:R48j6:0" aria-selected="true" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel:R48j6:0" tabindex="0" data-rttab="true"><a class="Journal_cTabSelected__r3X1u" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002?tab=abstract">Abstract</a></li><li class="Journal_Tab__ajxoY pb-3" role="tab" id="tab:R48j6:1" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel:R48j6:1" data-rttab="true"><a class="" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002?tab=article">Article</a></li><li class="Journal_Tab__ajxoY pb-3" role="tab" id="tab:R48j6:2" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel:R48j6:2" data-rttab="true"><a class="" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002?tab=references">References</a></li><li class="Journal_Tab__ajxoY pb-3" role="tab" id="tab:R48j6:3" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel:R48j6:3" data-rttab="true"><a class="" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002?tab=authors">Authors</a></li><li class="Journal_Tab__ajxoY pb-3" role="tab" id="tab:R48j6:4" aria-selected="false" aria-disabled="false" aria-controls="panel:R48j6:4" data-rttab="true"><a class="" href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002?tab=articles-in-this-issue">Articles in this Issue</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-4"><span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__ text-right" data-doi="10.2478/njms-2022-0002" data-style="small_circle" data-hide-zero-citations="true"></span></div></div><hr/><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-xl-6 text-center text-md-left text-xl-left"><div><button class="Buttons_light-blue__cTbl4 btn">Preview</button></div></div><div class="col-12 col-xl-6 text-center text-md-left text-xl-right"><button class="Buttons_light-blue__cTbl4 btn">PDF</button></div></div><div class="d-flex"><div class="mt-1 mr-2"><div class="Buttons_submenu-group__fmXER"><div aria-describedby="popup-1280383"><button class="Buttons_series-button__DXRZV"><svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.2612 29.1543L10.0753 29.9531H10.8955H14.3864H14.8693L15.0095 29.4909L18.133 19.1923C18.3735 18.4995 18.5493 17.9108 18.6542 17.4329C18.8034 16.9185 18.907 16.442 18.96 16.0061C19.0117 15.5817 19.0375 15.157 19.0375 14.732C19.0375 13.4426 18.6248 12.3329 17.7771 11.4541C16.9673 10.5124 15.8889 10.0461 14.6045 10.0461C13.3676 10.0461 12.285 10.4863 11.3892 11.349L11.3816 11.3563L11.3743 11.3638C10.5112 12.2506 10.0988 13.3937 10.0988 14.732C10.0988 16.0703 10.5112 17.2134 11.3743 18.1002L11.3894 18.1157L11.4056 18.1302C11.7832 18.4697 12.1957 18.7372 12.6402 18.9337L10.2612 29.1543ZM22.6249 29.1543L22.439 29.9531H23.2591H26.75H27.233L27.3731 29.4909L30.4966 19.1923C30.7371 18.4996 30.913 17.9108 31.0178 17.4329C31.1671 16.9185 31.2706 16.442 31.3237 16.0061C31.3753 15.5817 31.4012 15.157 31.4012 14.732C31.4012 13.4426 30.9884 12.3329 30.1407 11.4541C29.3309 10.5124 28.2525 10.0461 26.9682 10.0461C25.7312 10.0461 24.6486 10.4863 23.7528 11.349L23.7453 11.3563L23.7379 11.3638C22.8748 12.2506 22.4625 13.3937 22.4625 14.732C22.4625 16.0703 22.8748 17.2134 23.7379 18.1002L23.7531 18.1157L23.7692 18.1302C24.1469 18.4697 24.5594 18.7372 25.0038 18.9337L24.2249 22.2803L22.6249 29.1543Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.30233"></path></svg></button><div class="Buttons_infobox__K_pqG">Cite</div></div></div></div><div class="mt-1 mr-2"><div class="SocialShare_social-share__LCmaQ"><button class="Buttons_series-button__DXRZV"></button><div class="Buttons_infobox__K_pqG">Share</div></div></div><div class="mt-1 mr-2"><div class="Buttons_submenu-group__fmXER"><div><button type="button" class="Buttons_series-button__DXRZV"></button><div class="Buttons_infobox__K_pqG">Download Cover</div></div></div></div></div><hr/><div class="ArticleInfoCard_article-info-card__9o9rf"><h6>Published Online: <span class="fw-600">May 07, 2022</span></h6><h6>Page range: <span class="fw-600">19 - 36</span></h6><h6 style="word-break:break-all">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002</a></h6><h6>Keywords<br/><div><a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=temporality">temporality</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=liveness">liveness</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=ceremonial%20media%20events">ceremonial media events</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?commonSearchText=user-generated%20media%20events">user-generated media events</a></div></h6><h6>© 2022 Anne Jerslev, published by Sciendo</h6><h6>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</h6></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="react-tabs__tab-panel react-tabs__tab-panel--selected" role="tabpanel" id="panel:R48j6:0" aria-labelledby="tab:R48j6:0"><div class="Journal_TabContent__fKB1Y"><div style="text-align:justify"><abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <p>This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media events entails understanding how they are embedded in complex patterns of temporalities; hence, the article deploys the notion of temporality of liveness to contemplate different ways in which time is entangled and made salient as particular forms of temporality in the unfolding of media events. Analysing the Danish queen's 2020 New Year's speech, the Danish prime minister's Covid-19 speech of 11 March 2020, and the broadcasting of the inauguration of Joe Biden on 20 January 2021, the article shows that liveness can be approached analytically. The analysis unfolds the diversity and changeability of temporalities of liveness, and argues that contemporary ceremonial events may be local or global, small or large, but still reach a substantial portion of a population. Thus, a point in the article is to call attention to the enduring importance of broadcast media and television for the creation of media events that gather and “enthrall” large audiences, to quote Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, even in a time of global digital network communication.</p> </abstract></div></div></div><div class="react-tabs__tab-panel" role="tabpanel" id="panel:R48j6:1" aria-labelledby="tab:R48j6:1"></div><div class="react-tabs__tab-panel" role="tabpanel" id="panel:R48j6:2" aria-labelledby="tab:R48j6:2"></div><div class="react-tabs__tab-panel" role="tabpanel" id="panel:R48j6:3" aria-labelledby="tab:R48j6:3"></div><div class="react-tabs__tab-panel" role="tabpanel" id="panel:R48j6:4" aria-labelledby="tab:R48j6:4"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bg-soft-gray py-5"><div class="custom-container"><div class="row px-md-2 px-0 text-left"><div class="DetailInfo_footerColumn__M9JZ5 col-md-4 pr-md-5 pr-2"><dl><div class="d-flex"><dt class="mr-2 mt-0">Language:</dt><dd>English</dd></div></dl></div><div class="DetailInfo_footerColumn__M9JZ5 col-md-4 px-md-5 px-3"><dl><div class="d-flex"><dt class="mr-2 mt-0">Publication timeframe:</dt><dd>1 times per year</dd></div><dt>Journal Subjects:</dt><dd><span><a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN&productType=Journal">Social Sciences</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN-05&productType=Journal">Communication Science</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN-05-08&productType=Journal">Mass Communication</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN-05-09&productType=Journal">Public and Political Communication</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/search/filterData?subject=SN-05-10&productType=Journal">Visual Communication</a></span></dd></dl></div><div class="DetailInfo_footerColumn__M9JZ5 col-md-4 pl-md-5 pl-3"> <div class="DetailInfo_rssfeed__DqR4b"><a href="https://sciendo.com/2/rss/journal/NJMS" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="rss" class="svg-inline--fa fa-rss fa-lg bg-dark-lighter-blue" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 64C0 46.3 14.3 32 32 32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32c0-123.7-100.3-224-224-224c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://sciendo.com/2/rss/journal/NJMS" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Journal RSS Feed</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="Footer_footer__o4_Ec"><div class="Footer_footer-middle__4dlpj text-left"><div class="Footer_footer-container__p7_zj"><div class="row my-4"><div class="col-md-3"><a style="padding:12px 0" href="/"></a><p class="Footer_siadgc___U0BS3 fw-400 PTSerifCaption-Regular">The Sciendo Team is part of<br/><a href="https://paradigmpublishingservices.com/" target="_blank">Paradigm Publishing Services</a></p></div><div class="col-md-3"><ul class="Footer_sitemap__pREsd p-0 list-unstyled anchor-unstyled"><li><a href="/blog/latest-articles">Blog</a></li><li><a href="/careers">Career</a></li><li><a href="/team">Team</a></li><li><div class="contactPopup_popup-link__Ebs0y"><a href="/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002#">Contact</a></div></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li><li><a href="/publishing-and-ethical-policies">Publishing and Ethical Policies</a></li></ul></div><div class="Footer__footer_contact_details__mdkue col-md-3"><dl><dt class="Footer__fcttl__EcNrK fw-500 mb-3">Worldwide</dt><dd><address class="fw-400"><span>De Gruyter Poland Sp. z o.o.<br/> Bogumila Zuga 32a<br/> 01-811 Warsaw, Poland</span><br/></address></dd></dl><dl><dt class="Footer__fcttl__EcNrK fw-500 mb-3">US & Canada</dt><dd><address class="fw-400"><span>De Gruyter, Inc.<br/> 121 High Street, 3rd Fl.<br/> Boston, MA 02120</span><br/></address></dd></dl></div><div class="Footer_last-row__cVd2B col-md-3"><a href="mailto:info@sciendo.com" class="Footer_footer-links__6L8Wo lh-35" style="display:inline-block">info@sciendo.com</a><a href="tel:+48227015015" class="Footer_footer-links__6L8Wo Footer__fcttl__EcNrK lh-35 pt-1" style="display:inline-block">+48 22 701 50 15</a><a href="tel:+18572142298" class="Footer_footer-links__6L8Wo Footer__fcttl__EcNrK lh-35 pt-1 pb-4" style="display:inline-block">+1 857 214 2298</a><div class="Footer_social-links__9oxpP"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sciendoglobal/" target="_blank"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M512 256C512 114.6 397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256C0 376 82.7 476.8 194.2 504.5V334.2H141.4V256h52.8V222.3c0-87.1 39.4-127.5 125-127.5c16.2 0 44.2 3.2 55.7 6.4V172c-6-.6-16.5-1-29.6-1c-42 0-58.2 15.9-58.2 57.2V256h83.6l-14.4 78.2H287V510.1C413.8 494.8 512 386.9 512 256h0z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://twitter.com/sciendo_" target="_blank"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="x-twitter" class="svg-inline--fa fa-x-twitter " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sciendo-publishing-services/" target="_blank"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linkedin" class="svg-inline--fa fa-linkedin " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Footer_footer-lower__WSMsC"><div class="Footer_footer-container__p7_zj"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-md-left text-sm-center">Copyright: © 2025 Sciendo</div><div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 text-md-right text-sm-center"></div></div></div></div></footer><div class="Toastify"></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"product":{"_id":"64725cd4215d2f6c89dc5749","__v":0,"articleData":{"doi":"10.2478/njms-2022-0002","journalKey":"NJMS","volumeNumber":"4","issueNumber":"1","title":{"en":"\u003carticle-title\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\u003c/article-title\u003e"},"isAccessible":true,"licenseType":"OpenAccess","licenseText":{"en":"This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License."},"copyright":{"en":"© 2022 Anne Jerslev, published by Sciendo"},"ePubDate":"2022-05-07T00:00:00.000Z","pPubDate":null,"receivedDate":null,"acceptedDate":null,"fPage":"19","lPage":"36","articleCategory":null,"prevArticle":"10.2478/njms-2022-0001","nextArticle":"10.2478/njms-2022-0003","pdfUrl":"https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/10.2478_njms-2022-0002.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256\u0026X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250328%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request\u0026X-Amz-Date=20250328T143435Z\u0026X-Amz-Expires=3600\u0026X-Amz-Signature=2d7fde881a49a704e40c8a399289f2618ca825269f69586ed81962c9ecc67b64\u0026X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host","keywords":["temporality","liveness","ceremonial media events","user-generated media events"],"abstractContent":{"en":"\u003cabstract xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media events entails understanding how they are embedded in complex patterns of temporalities; hence, the article deploys the notion of temporality of liveness to contemplate different ways in which time is entangled and made salient as particular forms of temporality in the unfolding of media events. Analysing the Danish queen's 2020 New Year's speech, the Danish prime minister's Covid-19 speech of 11 March 2020, and the broadcasting of the inauguration of Joe Biden on 20 January 2021, the article shows that liveness can be approached analytically. The analysis unfolds the diversity and changeability of temporalities of liveness, and argues that contemporary ceremonial events may be local or global, small or large, but still reach a substantial portion of a population. Thus, a point in the article is to call attention to the enduring importance of broadcast media and television for the creation of media events that gather and “enthrall” large audiences, to quote Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, even in a time of global digital network communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"},"articleContent":{"en":"\u003cdiv xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_001\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eIntroduction\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992)\u003c/a\u003e famously coined a typology of ceremonial televised events consisting of coronations, conquests, and contests. Their focus on ceremonial events has since been contested, and suggestions of new types have proliferated over the years. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp and Couldry (2010)\u003c/a\u003e did not discard the ceremonial event but suggested replacing Dayan and Katz's events with three types, of which only one is ceremonial, whereas the other two are called traumatic – alternatively disruptive (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003eKatz \u0026amp; Liebes, 2007\u003c/a\u003e) or conflictual (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_042\"\u003eMortensen, 2015\u003c/a\u003e) – and popular. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_056\"\u003eSonnevend (2016\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003e2018)\u003c/a\u003e suggests distinguishing between the integrative media event, the disruptive event, and lastly, the hijacked event, “when media events are being targeted as sites of protest” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003e2018\u003c/a\u003e: 112). Already in \u003citalic\u003eMedia Events,\u003c/italic\u003e \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992: 73)\u003c/a\u003e used “hijacked” to describe the terrorist attack at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. This changed landscape of media events also include user-generated media events (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_041\"\u003eMitu, 2016\u003c/a\u003e), emerging and spreading quickly in online media. User-generated media events may even convert an event into an alternative event (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024\"\u003eHeikka et al., 2016\u003c/a\u003e) or hijack (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003eSonnevend, 2018\u003c/a\u003e) a ceremonial media event and transform its temporality, mood, and content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDayan and Katz contributed to the criticism and the further development of their typology themselves (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_013\"\u003eDayan, 2010\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_031\"\u003eKatz \u0026amp; Dayan, 2018\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003eKatz \u0026amp; Liebes, 2007\u003c/a\u003e). \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003eKatz and Liebes (2007: 160)\u003c/a\u003e noted the “decline of ceremonial events in both frequency and centrality” in an online media landscape. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_013\"\u003eDayan (2010: 25–27)\u003c/a\u003e claimed more cynically that since 1992, the ceremonial media events had undergone a banalisation at the syntactic level (vs. the media event's “\u003citalic\u003eCeremonial reverence\u003c/italic\u003e […] sacrality and awe”), conflictualisation at the semantic level (vs. the theme of unification and the message of “reconciliation”) and disenchantment at the pragmatic level (vs. “\u003citalic\u003eEnthralls very large audiences\u003c/italic\u003e”) (quotations in parentheses from \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 12; emphasis original). Accordingly, the term “eventization” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp \u0026amp; Couldry, 2010\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_058\"\u003eStrach, 2018\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_037\"\u003eMaasø, 2018\u003c/a\u003e) – alternatively, “event-isolation” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_025\"\u003eHepp, 2004\u003c/a\u003e) or “eventification” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_023\"\u003eHauptfleisch, 2004\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_028\"\u003eJakob, 2012\u003c/a\u003e) – should be included in this sketch of the contemporary media event landscape. Performing event, creating affective, attention-attracting crossmedia event packagings, may turn whichever premiere, release, upload, and so on, into a popular media event, to use \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp and Couldry's (2010)\u003c/a\u003e term.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the diversity of media events in contemporary broadcast and online media culture, they have one crucial thing in common: They are live and characterised by temporalities of liveness. Thus, this brief outline is in accord with \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_048\"\u003eThomas Poell's (2020: 615)\u003c/a\u003e claim that “the contemporary, digitized media environment is characterized by a strong orientation towards the present, towards the event”. In this article, I delve into this mediated presentism by scrutinising the complexity of ceremonial media events’ liveness. Contemporary media events invoke the here and now in the live unfolding of an occurrence, despite their different purpose, scale, and presence or absence of media institutional framing. They remind us of time and our living in time, and they allow for more perceptible and tangible experiences of mediated time. Media events basically make time visible and our situatedness in time felt beyond the routine and mostly invisible “dailiness” of “broadcast time” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_050\"\u003eScannell 1996\u003c/a\u003e: 5; see also \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_052\"\u003eScannell, 2014\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_010\"\u003eCouldry \u0026amp; Hepp, 2017\u003c/a\u003e: Ch. 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI depart from an understanding of media events as characterised by different temporalities of liveness or “constellations of liveness” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_066\"\u003evan Es, 2017\u003c/a\u003e). It is the complex textuality of liveness, its “thick” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp \u0026amp; Couldry, 2010\u003c/a\u003e) intermingling of past, present, and future, I wish to pursue in the following. Furthermore, it is this “thick” temporality of liveness which makes time felt. Accordingly, I ask: How do temporalities of liveness unfold in contemporary media events?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992: 123, 125)\u003c/a\u003e argued that media events involve the viewer actively: Viewers are “invited, perhaps even commanded” to occupy the required reverential mood “beyond the border of routine viewing”, and in that sense, they participate in “bringing the event to life” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_053\"\u003eScannell, 2017\u003c/a\u003e: 76). Dayan and Katz's most elaborate example is “festive viewing”, which involves people dressing up and gathering in front of their television sets to co-celebrate the event being broadcast. However, I argue that the way the audience is addressed by the mediated event in the three contemporary ceremonial events examined in this article is more inclusive and direct than that experienced by the participating audience conceptualised by Dayan and Katz. Accordingly, I also ask in which ways users and audiences are included as co-constituents in the liveness of the media event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these questions, I first reflect in more detail on the question of time, temporality, and media events. In the following two sections, I deploy the notion of temporality of liveness to contemplate different ways in which time is entangled and made salient as particular temporalities in media events. First, I discuss the live transmission of the Danish queen's annual New Year's speech starting at 18:00 on 31 December 2020 and then the live transmission of the Covid-19 press conference of 11 March 2020, headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen at Christiansborg Palace, the Danish government building. I then turn from local examples to discuss the ceremonial live transmitted inauguration of Joe Biden as US president and the subsequent “deceremonialising” of the event as a result of the real-time spreading of memes of Vermont senator Bernie Sanders. The memes were based on a couple of photographs taken of Sanders on the Capitol when guests were arriving for the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe examples call attention to the enduring importance of broadcast media and television for the creation of media events that gather large audiences in a time of global digital network communication. The three media events were produced and transmitted by television, but the inauguration travelled from television to social media while changing the event in terms of mood and temporality. All three examples conform to the preplanned ceremonial scripting of a media event well known from television. However, while the first two examples follow the script of the televised ceremonial event, the Biden inauguration shows how social media disrupt the broadcasters’ ceremonial script, construct a sense of the unplanned and unexpected, and give way to a popular user-generated media event (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_041\"\u003eMitu, 2016\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis points out that the three examples are characterised by different temporalities of liveness. However, they share the unfolding of the event along the “before–during–after” structure characterising the ceremonial event (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_051\"\u003eScannell, 2002\u003c/a\u003e). The before phase is a slowed-down sequence marked by a mood of anticipation, an atmosphere of waiting for the event to start, and contemplating what will happen (often reverentially commented upon by a host on- or off-screen). Then the event unfolds as it was (hopefully) planned, and finally, the after sequence is marked by a mood of relief and elevation (think of \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz's claim that in live broadcasting “something can go wrong”; 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 5). In all three examples, there is a manifest awareness of the audience which makes it more than participatory witnesses. Most significantly, the example of the Biden inauguration shows how contemporary broadcast television may lose control of the planned performance of liveness when audiences take to social media with humorous mocking to disrupt the event. The queen's New Year's speech and the prime minister's Covid-19 speech also gave rise to comments on social media, but of a much less conspicuous kind. Moreover, I argue that these two examples exude an awareness of being “traditional” ceremonial broadcast media events in a hybrid media context. Finally, I conclude by summarising my discussion about temporalities of liveness, and about the way ceremonial media events today perform liveness in complex ways and continue to gather large audiences in a time of “eventization”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_002\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTime and temporality\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBasically, live refers to the simultaneity of recording and transmitting an aspect of reality as it is happening. Real time is used similarly to live, but in particular for the temporalities of connectivity and immediacy constructed by networked mobile media communication (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_048\"\u003ePoell, 2020\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_072\"\u003eWilliams, 2018\u003c/a\u003e). Liveness (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_002\"\u003eAuslander, 2008\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_007\"\u003eCaldwell, 1995\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_009\"\u003eCouldry, 2003\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_018\"\u003eFeuer, 1983\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_052\"\u003eScannell, 2014\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_066\"\u003evan Es, 2017\u003c/a\u003e) may overlap conceptually with live, but it also refers to the ways live is \u003citalic\u003eperformed\u003c/italic\u003e in and by the media. In this respect, liveness can be approached analytically. Moreover, I deploy “temporality of liveness” as an umbrella term covering the performances of temporality which constitute the different ways media events unfold live.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipating in a ceremonial media event means witnessing “an exceptional moment in history” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_056\"\u003eSonnevend, 2016\u003c/a\u003e: 6) as it is unfolding live, in real time. By disrupting the preplanned temporality of the weekly (TV) schedules, media events create experiences of time beyond the “textured temporality of dailiness” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003eKeightley, 2012b\u003c/a\u003e: 12). Media events create unique and unrepeatable “moments” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_038\"\u003eMarriott, 2001\u003c/a\u003e) and a sense of “being there”, “in the time of the event” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_038\"\u003eMarriott, 2001\u003c/a\u003e: 725). Thus, the media event's temporality of liveness involves a sense of sociality and sharedness (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_033\"\u003eKeightely, 2012\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_035\"\u003e2013\u003c/a\u003e), of partaking in the event's “moment-to-moment” unfolding (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_050\"\u003eScannell, 1996\u003c/a\u003e: 84).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992)\u003c/a\u003e argued that three temporal orientations were embedded in their three forms of ceremonial media events: contests were oriented towards the present, conquests towards the future, and coronations towards the past. In that sense, the understanding of media and temporality in \u003citalic\u003eMedia Events\u003c/italic\u003e was simple and unproblematic. However, the liveness of contemporary media events often unfolds in accordance with the entangled temporalities of cross-media multiplatforms (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_059\"\u003eSørensen, 2016\u003c/a\u003e), and they cannot be characterised as belonging to a definite temporal orientation. The liveness of contemporary media events is constructed by means of increasingly intertwined temporalities exceeding past, present, and future. This is the case regardless of whether we are talking about the slow, linear real time unfolding in the ceremonial event or the accelerated, viral real time in user-generated media events.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThus, temporalities of liveness are made salient by very different means, depending on the platform and occasion. This supports \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003evan Loon's (2010)\u003c/a\u003e point that understanding media events and why they enthrall so many people requires more than the live aspect. It is \u003citalic\u003etime itself\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003evan Loon (2010: 111)\u003c/a\u003e asserts, the experience of time as tangible, not self-evident: “The event is what is marked, what stands out, in time. Standing out in time becomes a time out, as if time itself ceases – even for the briefest of moments – to be”. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003evan Loon (2010: 111)\u003c/a\u003e imagines time as putting its mark almost physically on the viewer. Experienced as a “time out” or “rupture of time”, the event may enforce a revitalisation of the viewer outside of the temporality of the routinely scheduled, provide “a moment of release from ‘the numbness imposed upon our senses’” (McLuhan, as cited in \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003evan Loon, 2010\u003c/a\u003e: 111). In van Loon's thinking, the outstanding “event-temporality” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh \u0026amp; Pinchevski, 2018\u003c/a\u003e) thus includes a transformative potential (a point also made by \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: Ch. 6; see also \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003eSonnevend, 2018\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_073\"\u003eYtreberg, 2017\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003evan Loon's (2010)\u003c/a\u003e reflections on the event and the defamiliarisation of time as time-out apply to media events in general and also echo \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_031\"\u003eKatz and Dayan's (2018: 147)\u003c/a\u003e more recent thinking about media events as having a “‘time-out’ character”. More closely related to contemporary media events, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh and Pinchevski (2018)\u003c/a\u003e think of time and what they, inspired by \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_046\"\u003eJohn Durham Peters (2001)\u003c/a\u003e, call media witnessing in a “post-media events” configuration. The “post” prefix points to the simultaneity of events and multiple temporal orientations. Media events are formed bottom-up as well as top-down, and mobile technologies have radically changed viewing practices and the relationship between media, users, and events: “Today, it seems, not only are the times of media events ‘a-changin’ – they are also multiplying” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh \u0026amp; Pinchevski, 2018\u003c/a\u003e: 138). Emile Keightley does not focus on media events in her writing but contemplates time and the media more generally; she notes that today, media “articulate time in multilayered ways” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_033\"\u003e2012a\u003c/a\u003e: 220). To \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003eKeightley (2012b: 12)\u003c/a\u003e, the ubiquity of genres, platforms, and media surrounding us “create[s] multiple times which go beyond a linear model”. Keightley's point is that in the contemporary media ecology, the “temporality of broadcast time” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003e2012b\u003c/a\u003e: 12) has been replaced by the coexistence of a range of different temporalities, predictable or more chaotic, evolving from broadcast media or social media or developing across media. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003eKeightley (2012b: 14)\u003c/a\u003e further argues that “these multiple dimensions of mediated time are not experienced separately but together as situated holistic temporalities”. The spectrum of media events detailed at the beginning of this article is illustrative of what constitutes this multilayered, multitemporal media landscape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo make sense of the coexisting “formations of event-temporalities”, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh and Pinchevski (2018: 136)\u003c/a\u003e distinguish between eventfulness and eventness. Eventfulness refers to the centring and \u003citalic\u003eun\u003c/italic\u003efolding of time, a defined focalisation and “the power of shared synchronization” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh \u0026amp; Pinchevski\u003c/a\u003e: 137),\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_001\" symbol=\"1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh and Pinchevski (2018)\u003c/a\u003e do not refer to \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_050\"\u003eScannell (1996)\u003c/a\u003e, who devotes a chapter in his book \u003citalic\u003eRadio, Televison \u0026amp; Modern Life\u003c/italic\u003e to “Eventfulness”. To Scannell, eventfulness refers to a temporality of becoming, the exceptional event's being-exceptional in the moments of viewing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e whereas eventness refers to the decentred, distributed bottom-up \u003citalic\u003een\u003c/italic\u003efolding of time in networked media, the non-centricity and non-focalisation of the perspective and a “‘now’ of networked immanent divergence” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003eFrosh \u0026amp; Pinchevski, 2018\u003c/a\u003e: 137) produced at any time across media. Eventfulness and eventness, the linear and the networked temporality of liveness, coexist in the multimediated time of contemporary media culture (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003eKeightley, 2012b\u003c/a\u003e). The many different mediated temporalities exist in a tension of multilayering, intersection, and competition (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_035\"\u003eKeightley, 2013\u003c/a\u003e: 61), including media events competing for their singularity in a media landscape in which media events are hardly monopolistic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo summarise this section, media events today are multiple, overlapping, and of different scale, just as their temporalities of liveness are multiple and intertwined. Even though media events unfold live along the pace of continuous real time, their particular “‘thickened’, centering performances of mediated communication” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp \u0026amp; Couldry, 2010\u003c/a\u003e: 12) – the way a media event is made to perform liveness and make meaning – is held together by networks of felt temporalities. Moreover, the user-generated media event on social media performs its liveness – its virality – through an unorganised distribution of disparate “nows”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI now proceed to discuss how examples of contemporary ceremonial media events perform temporalities of liveness. I reflect upon a temporality of presence, a temporality of urgency, and finally, a temporality of futurity, which changes into compressed immediacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_003\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_003_s_001\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe Danish queen's New Year's speech 2020\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince 1958, the Danish monarch has addressed the Danish people live on television on New Year's Eve. The speech was initially broadcast on television and radio, and since 2010, it has also been transmitted on the Danish public broadcasting services’ web portals. Since Queen Margrethe II made her first speech in 1972, the New Year's speech has mainly been transmitted from the queen's official reception room at the royal palace, Amalienborg, in Copenhagen. It starts precisely at 18:00 after sequences of exterior shots showing the queen's guards saluting and the gathering of people following the speech on screens on the palace square. The ceremonial tone is set by six strokes from the Town Hall clock. The speech lasts between 11 and 13 minutes; however, around 2005, DR (The Danish Broadcasting Corporation) started expanding the before sequence by framing the speech within a sociable conversation between a group of guests, journalists, and experts, seated at a table in front of the palace. They are all dressed up and sipping champagne, thus mimicking what is most likely taking place in front of most screens in Danish homes at that same moment. The chat leads up to the speech by contemplating what the queen might address that year, thereby increasing expectations as well as festivity and presence. In the after phase of the event, the same group of guests evaluate the speech amiably.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe live New Year's Eve speech is a national ritual attended by a large portion of the Danish population. The annual average attendance is 2.2 million viewers, and the speech on New Year's Eve 2020 attracted almost 3 million viewers, more than half the population (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_039\"\u003eMediaWatch, 2021\u003c/a\u003e). The form is ceremonial and festive, and the queen's friendly smile and direct look into the camera infuse her communication with a sense of presence and intimacy. She sits behind her desk, decorated with some personal items (often from Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and a colourful bouquet of flowers, and she reads from the script in her hand while addressing the viewers directly. The open door to a cozy and elegant dimly lit sitting room behind her contributes to creating what \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992: 216)\u003c/a\u003e would call a “communal and egalitarian experience”, placing her almost on equal footing with the viewers during the event. She is dressed nicely, but never as if she was going to a party after the speech. The queen is at work, performing one of her royal duties, so she also maintains a certain distance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe transmission is minutely planned. It is hegemonic and resonates historically. It is also integrative and creates a national “we” in which the queen includes herself and her family – in 2020, by making reference to her youngest son's (much media-covered) sickness and recovery. Time is of course prominent in the New Year's speech, just as New Year's Eve is a celebratory counting down to the new year. Like the televised transmission of the queen's speech, New Year's Eve typically constructs a festive and condensed – thickened – temporality, in which the present moment includes the past year and the year to come.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe queen's annual speech enacts and confirms the sovereign's traditional authority (as phrased by Max Weber; see \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 43–45). The media event resembles Dayan and Katz's understanding of coronations. However, the construction of familiarity is prominent. The viewing situation is different, and the construction of the event's temporality of liveness includes the viewers in a more proximate, including way. The convivial framing and the direct address make the festive viewers co-constituents in the unfolding of the event rather than witnesses or an audience being “reached” by the event – to refer to \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003eHepp and Couldry's (2010: 12)\u003c/a\u003e definition of the media event. This became manifest in the queen's 2020 speech. She concluded with the ritual blessing “Gud bevare Danmark!”, or “God bless Denmark!” but, surprisingly, before that she said “Gud bevare jer allesammen”, or “God bless you all”. This sociable and informal closing address created a bond between the queen and the viewers: It constructed a \u003citalic\u003etemporality of presence\u003c/italic\u003e and a national collectivity, while at the same time referring to the challenging Covid-19 year, which the speech addressed at the beginning (see also \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_069\"\u003eVilladsen, 2021\u003c/a\u003e). Finally, it intensified the liveness, which constituted this television broadcast as a shared experience and an integrative national media event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the informally spoken blessing and direct personal address might be regarded as this television event calling attention to its cross-media context, that the speech would be posted online on Instagram. Whereas the Danish crown prince and crown princess occasionally post information on Instagram accompanied by a personal comment – for example, a close-up of the crown prince at a hairdresser's along with the comment “I am possibly not the only one having a haircut today” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_062\"\u003eThe Danish Royal House, 2020\u003c/a\u003e), and the crown princess posting a selfie on a plane on her way to an event with her “husband” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_012\"\u003eCrown Princess Mary of Denmark, 2021\u003c/a\u003e) – all photographs of the queen on Instagram (and Facebook) are posted with informative third-person comments. The informal blessing may thus compensate for the queen's lack of personal communication on Instagram.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_003_s_002\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe Danish prime minister's Covid-19 speech\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe live broadcast of the queen's speech enacted traditional authority. In contrast, the ceremonial form of the media event constituted by the Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen's live transmitted press conference and speech on 11 March 2020 accorded with Weber's rational-legal authority, in which power resides in the political system and the “criteria of achievement that give access to leadership in such a system” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 43–44). The live transmitted press conference occurred at the time when the Covid-19 pandemic was spreading aggressively; accordingly, it was the Covid-19 speech in which the prime minister declared a comprehensive lockdown.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe speech started at 20:30 and gathered the Danes massively in front of their screens; it had a little more than 1.8 million viewers.\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_002\" symbol=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOf the eight Covid-19 press conferences Mette Frederiksen headed between 6 March and 6 April 2020, viewer attendance at the first conference was only a little less than a quarter of a million, and attendance declined after the 11 March conference (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_047\"\u003ePHD, 2020\u003c/a\u003e). The prime minister's 17 March press conference forecasting further restrictions was attended by approximately 2.85 million viewers, though this was most likely because Queen Margrethe II gave a historical Covid-19 speech immediately after that was attended by an unprecedented 3.4 million viewers. Numbers include flow TV on DR, TV2 and TV2 News, but exclude users on digital platforms (\u003citalic\u003eDr.dk\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eTV2 Play\u003c/italic\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e The press conference was framed as a prolonged news segment by the Danish public service channels DR and TV2, both channels making diligent use of visual eventisation appeals like yellow “breaking” and “right now” banners. Yet, the press conference was infused with authority and importance by being meticulously formed as a media event and, in return, conferred importance upon the national television channels. It was ceremonial and addressed the nation. The before phase repeatedly pointed out that the event would interrupt the preplanned television schedule. Finally, it was narrated in accordance with the three-part before–during–after composition of the ceremonial media event.\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_003\" symbol=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI am only referring to the DR broadcast available on YouTube (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_061\"\u003eThailand Portalen, 2021\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e The extended segment of anticipation took place in DR's news studio. It was hosted by one of the news anchors, who confessed that she had not been informed of the details of the conference, thus alluding to the live and exceptional nature of the broadcast. She also explained that the scheduled food programme had given way to the live transmission and would be rescheduled. The mood of anticipation was further constituted by cross-cutting between the news studio and the empty Spejlsalen – the Hall of Mirrors – at Christiansborg, from which the meeting was transmitted. The host explained that what the audience was seeing were live images from the Ministry of State, the long shot of the room and the empty desks ripe with anticipation. From the Hall of Mirrors, DR's political reporter also invoked the extraordinariness of the occasion and the situation despite this not being the first Covid-19 press conference to be broadcast. The reporter claimed that “this is almost like a speech to the nation” and even compared the event with the traumatic 9/11 event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Hall of Mirrors is one of the official rooms in the Prime Minister's Department, where press briefings take place on a weekly basis. However, they have not usually been transmitted to the public. The room is ceremonial. It is renovated in a neobaroque style, and a grey monochrome wall-to-wall carpet covers the floor. The walls are blue-grey, and a large blue banner bearing the Prime Minister Department's logo fills the walls behind the white desks where the officials would stand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt exactly 20:30, the doors to the large room opened and a long shot showed the grave-looking procession entering. The prime minster walked ahead and placed herself by the middle table, flanked by the director of the Danish Health Authority, the minister of health and the elderly, the police commissioner, and the director of citizen services at the Foreign Ministry. They were all formally dressed, the prime minister wearing a dark skirt and jacket, the police commissioner in uniform, and the three other men in dark suits and ties. After the prime minister's extended introduction in which she explained the imminent implementation of restrictions and regulations, she gave the floor to her surrounding officials, and finally the camera turned towards a smaller group of journalists who were invited to ask a couple of questions. The after phase returned to the news studio and a continued discussion among the experts from the before phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMette Frederiksen's press conference explicitly unfolded as a local media event, the Danes being at the centre of attention despite the global nature of the pandemic. The prime minister repeatedly appealed to “Danishness” and used the inclusive “we” pronoun. It framed “the COVID-19 crisis as a uniquely Danish problem with a particularly Danish solution” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_068\"\u003eVilladsen, 2020\u003c/a\u003e: 230), that is, showing “samfundssind” (translated by Villadsen as “civic-mindedness”) because, as phrased by the prime minister, “this is exactly what we have in Denmark”. Thus, the rhetorical maneuvers of the speech served to create the integrative communitas, which the live ceremonial event is meant to deliver, according to Dayan and Katz. Central to the speech was an emphasis on how the impending changes to everyday life would be challenging. Whereas the broadcast event in Dayan and Katz's view “\u003citalic\u003ecreates an upsurge of fellow feeling\u003c/italic\u003e, an epidemic of communitas [emphasis original]” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003e1992\u003c/a\u003e: 196), the speech was \u003citalic\u003eurging\u003c/italic\u003e this communitas to stand together and “help each other”. The obvious crack in the communitas – the fact that the Covid-19 virus spread so rapidly that “we have started to also infect each other here in Denmark” – was amended rhetorically by constructing the slogan, “Standing together by keeping a distance”. The press conference simultaneously advocated and created this national (imagined) community.\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_004\" symbol=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor a discussion of the speech's nationalism and how the interpellated community of Danes excluded other Danes, see \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_069\"\u003eVilladsen (2021)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhereas the queen's speech created a \u003citalic\u003etemporality of presence\u003c/italic\u003e embedded in tradition, the prime minister's live speech created a \u003citalic\u003etemporality of urgency\u003c/italic\u003e. Simultaneously, she called upon and constituted the immediate now for the sake of the future. By deictically invoking the live moment (“What I am going to say to you tonight will have great consequences for all Danes”), she performed the speech as an extraordinary prolonged now, even though the set-up repeated the previous day's press conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prime minister managed to craft a national media event, broadcast live and interrupting the scheduled flow of the two national channels. The speech was focused on the necessity of acting immediately to prevent a future catastrophe. The press conference was ceremonial while at the same time exuding an air of future disruptions by the DR reporter's reference to 9/11. It was far from festive, but invoked everyday social life and presaged a different everyday temporality. The speech brought together a community of Danes, and the event enacted one of the core functions of the media event: It was “integrative of society” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003eKatz \u0026amp; Liebes, 2007\u003c/a\u003e) in terms of media attendance, the exceptional live transmission of an extraordinary moment and the serious mood, mirrored in the authoritative mise-en-scène. Additionally, the speech's rhetorical construction of a temporality of urgency and its rhetorical inclusion of the audience contributed to the ceremonial construction of a national community.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe speech confirmed the prime minister's rational-legal authority while at the same time challenging the broadcaster's position as “mediated centre” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_009\"\u003eCouldry, 2003\u003c/a\u003e) by relegating it to a slightly inferior position: DR \u003citalic\u003eproduced\u003c/italic\u003e and were in charge of the before and after phases but \u003citalic\u003etransmitted\u003c/italic\u003e the during phase – whose content the producer and anchor were not fully aware of. In this article's third example, the 2021 American presidential inauguration, while emphasising liveness and real time and accomplishing the ceremonial media event, the construction of television as mediated centre was no less challenged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_003_s_003\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe American presidential inauguration\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJoe Biden was officially sworn in as president on 20 January 2021. The inauguration was broadcast and live-streamed on all major American network and cable media. An estimated 34 million Americans watched the extended transmission, which started the sequence of anticipation well before the ceremony on the historically important Capitol. Joe Biden was sworn in around noon, Vice President Kamala Harris shortly before, and the transmission lasted until President Biden and his wife arrived at the White House at around 16:00.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDue to the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no “mass audience” co-producing the coronation and confirming “the contract between leaders and led” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 42). Apart from this important difference, the ceremony on the Capitol and the post-ceremonial events (the visit by the new and former presidents and their spouses to the Arlington cemetary, for example) comply with Dayan and Katz's definition of the coronation, the function of which is “to reaffirm the values at the center” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 42). However, unlike Dayan and Katz's argument that the coronation constructs a “time orientation” towards the past (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003e1992\u003c/a\u003e: 34–35), the inauguration event constructed a \u003citalic\u003etemporality of futurity\u003c/italic\u003e. The theme of Biden's inaugural speech was the soon-to-come recovery of “American unity” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_064\"\u003eThe White House, 2021\u003c/a\u003e), and the inauguration was staged as a future-oriented occasion to reaffirm a collective sense of American history for the future (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024\"\u003eHeikka et al., 2016\u003c/a\u003e). The event was also spectacular. Singers Garth Brooks, Lady Gaga, and Jennifer Lopez and poet Amanda Gorman contributed prominently, the latter three glamorously dressed, thus also embedding the temporality of futurity within a fashionable now. The singers performed nationally revered treasures, and their appearance represented a spectacular and festive contrast to the practical and winterly look of the invited guests and the facemasks worn by everyone. Notwithstanding Lady Gaga's performance of the national anthem and Amanda Gorman's rendition of her poem “The Hill We Climb”, the fashion media were quick to comment on Gaga's voluminous haute couture Shiaparelli gown, Gorman's bright yellow Prada coat and red headband, and Michelle Obama's purple outfit by Sergio. Gaga and Gorman quickly took to social media, though, to explain the symbolic value of their outfits, thus balancing the fashionable and the nowness of the fashion with the reverential in the media event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a user-generated media event eventually became attached to the ritualised and reverential ceremonial media event. A couple of photos of independent senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, long-time fierce critic of social and economic inequality in the US and earlier front-runner for the nomination as Democratic presidential candidate, became memes and went viral on social media right before the inauguration ended. The ceremonial and reverential mood was overlaid with a disruptive commenting on the coronation through humorous, satirising mocking. I use the term disruption in a different way than \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003eKatz and Liebes (2007)\u003c/a\u003e, who use it to designate sudden and unexpected, often violent, events. I also do not use it to mean hijacked media events, where protesters or terrorists appropriate the ceremonial scene for disruptive means (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan \u0026amp; Katz, 1992\u003c/a\u003e: 72–73; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003eSonnevend, 2018\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024\"\u003eHeikka et al., 2016\u003c/a\u003e). Instead, I use it to designate how the satirical communication dismantled the aura of the inauguration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sanders memes were the result of a process of visual decontextualisation. They deritualised the media event by creating another free-floating online space, punctuating its temporality of futurity in favour of a \u003citalic\u003etemporality of compressed immediacy\u003c/italic\u003e characteristic of the viral – a nowness attending to neither the past nor the future. Moreover, as the memes spread to many corners of social medias’ networked publics, they disrupted the sense of the event as a powerful political centre to which authority could be attached. Finally, the memes despectacularised the event by spreading an image of an old man wearing a plain winter coat and a pair of over-sized knitted mittens. In short, by humorously elevating Sanders's homely appearance, the spreading of the memes created a user-generated media event which deceremonialised the official mediated event and thus mocked the elite by zooming in on a random moment before the ceremony started.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe capture and decontextualisation of this moment definitely went viral. Between 20 and 23 January, 52,010 tweets including the hashtag #bernie were published on Twitter.\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_005\" symbol=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe tweets were generously collected by my colleague, assistant professor Franziska Marquart, using R and the academictwitteR package (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_004\"\u003eBarrie \u0026amp; Ho, 2021\u003c/a\u003e), utilising Twitter's v2 API endpoint for academic researchers (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_065\"\u003eTornes \u0026amp; Trujillo, 2021\u003c/a\u003e). In all likelihood, not all of these tweets were memes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e References to “Bernie's mittens” started appearing on Twitter two and a half hours after the culmination of the inauguration ceremony, that is, shortly before the president arrived at The White House. Then they spread virally, creating a decentred liveness, to paraphrase \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_002\"\u003eAuslander (2008)\u003c/a\u003e. A little over 1,300 tweets were posted on 20 January, around 17,000 on 21 January, around 22,500 on 22 January, and the rest (around 10,000) on 23 January.\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_006\" symbol=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe numerous online articles about the meme claimed that the Internet “exploded”, it “spread like wildfire”, went “viral” and became an “instant meme”. The meme \u003citalic\u003edid\u003c/italic\u003e go viral, in the manner of \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_071\"\u003eWiggins's (2019: 4)\u003c/a\u003e definition of viral media as “the capacity for media content, such as texts, images, hashtags etc. to spread massively in online spaces often for relatively short periods of time”. Using the search term “Bernie Sanders meme” and selecting “whole world” and dates “last twelve months” on \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_021\"\u003eGoogle Trends (n.d.-a)\u003c/a\u003e showed a significant peak during the week 17–23 January. Selecting only the dates 20–23 January, the graph showed an ascending line from January 20 to January 22 and then the curve flattened (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_022\"\u003eGoogle Trends, n.d.-b\u003c/a\u003e). The curve looked more or less the same if only the US was chosen as a geographical search term. It could be noted that Vermont showed the highest acitivity of US states.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMemes are basically defined as mutable and replicable “semiotic signs”, “mediated digital content which individuals can alter if they choose and spread again” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_071\"\u003eWiggins, 2019\u003c/a\u003e: 6, 44). They are “units of popular culture that are circulated, imitated, and transformed by individual Internet users, creating a shared cultural experience in the process” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_054\"\u003eShifman, 2013\u003c/a\u003e: 367; see also \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_055\"\u003eShifman, 2014\u003c/a\u003e, for a slightly different definition). Accordingly, memes work by being detached from their original context, but they only go viral because of joint knowledge to their references. \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_040\"\u003eMiltner (2018)\u003c/a\u003e credits \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_006\"\u003eJean Burgess (2006)\u003c/a\u003e with the term “vernacular creativity” when defining memes, which makes sense in this context, where the strategy of many of the Sanders memes is humorous devaluation. Finally, \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_015\"\u003eDenisova (2019: 2)\u003c/a\u003e contributes to the understanding of the “viral power” of memes by focusing on emotion. Memes are “remarkably versatile for meaning-making, emotion-sharing and attention-grabbing in the oversaturated Internet environment” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_015\"\u003eDenisova, 2019\u003c/a\u003e: 10).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most memified photograph, taken by photojournalist Brendan Smialowski, shows Sanders “appearing unamused” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_017\"\u003eFazio, 2021\u003c/a\u003e), bundled up in a chair in his ordinary green parka, wearing a blue facemask, his legs and arms crossed, his eyes slightly closed behind his glasses. Most conspicuously, he is wearing a pair of large, knitted mittens in a brown and white pattern. However, another meme grabbed from television broadcasts, which apparently started circulating on Twitter a little before the one using Smialowski's photo, may have set the tone of vernacular mocking of the elite: It showed Sanders on the Capitol holding an orange Manila Envelope and looking “like he was just running an everyday errand” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_070\"\u003eWanshel, 2021\u003c/a\u003e). Apparently, the envelope contained the ticket to the event; however, it occasioned different deceremonialising memes, which communicated referentially (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_054\"\u003eShifman, 2013\u003c/a\u003e) by adding texts commenting on his everyday appearance: “Bernie really looks like he's on his way to mail something” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_030\"\u003eKatherine Miller, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); “Bernie, on his way to Stewarts for coffee, has parked his Subaru on the capitol lawn to briefly attend the inauguration” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_060\"\u003eTaietsarón:sere, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); “Bernie dressed like the inauguration is on his to do list today but ain’t his whole day” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_049\"\u003eReeezy, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); or “10:30, drop off dry cleaning; 11:00, Joe's thing; 2:00 swing by the post office” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_005\"\u003eBrody Logan, 2021\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mitten memes can be divided in two main categories distinguished by their different decontextualisation: one adds humor to the photograph through comments, while the other does so through remixing (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_071\"\u003eWiggins, 2019\u003c/a\u003e), inserting Sanders in new, popular cultural, or real-world, contexts (some of these memes also include text). Texts accompanying the former anchor Bernie Sanders's pose humorously – in the manner of friendly mocking – like “In Jewish yoga this pose is: waiting for my wife at Loehmann's” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_008\"\u003eChandra Steele, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); “I am once again asking that you not talk to me at parties” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_045\"\u003eObed Manuel, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); or “Bernie Sanders gets to the movie theater nice and early even though he hates sitting through the trailers” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_029\"\u003eJoseph Scrimshaw, 2021\u003c/a\u003e). The remixed memes insert Sanders in numerous different environments, be they geographical locations in the US or well-known popular cultural texts. Examples include Bernie Sanders on a bench with Tom Hanks in \u003citalic\u003eForest Gump\u003c/italic\u003e (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_063\"\u003eTorres, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); Bernie Sanders in the coffee shop in \u003citalic\u003eFriends\u003c/italic\u003e (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_044\"\u003eMyllena \u0026lt;3, n.d.\u003c/a\u003e); Bernie Sanders in Hopper's \u003citalic\u003eNighthawks\u003c/italic\u003e (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_020\"\u003eGolenda \u0026amp; Waddoups, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); Bernie Sanders together with the workers having “Lunch on top a Skyscraper” (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_036\"\u003eKnow Your Meme, n.d.\u003c/a\u003e); Bernie Sanders on the moon (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_001\"\u003eAlex Levin, n.d.\u003c/a\u003e); Bernie Sanders sitting alone in an underground car (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_027\"\u003eIves \u0026amp; Victor, 2021\u003c/a\u003e); and Bernie Sanders anywhere in a Google Street View Image (e.g., \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_016\"\u003eDesreumaux, 2021\u003c/a\u003e).\u003cfn id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_fn_007\" symbol=\"7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003citalic\u003eWired\u003c/italic\u003e (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_003\"\u003eBarrett, 2021\u003c/a\u003e: para. 7), master candidate in computer science Nick Sawhney quickly set up a site which offered users the opportunity to put “pictures of Sanders anywhere in the world that Google's Street View cars have roamed”.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/fn\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough decontextualisation and “playful appropriations of contexts” (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_043\"\u003eMortensen \u0026amp; Neumayer, 2021\u003c/a\u003e), a user-generated media event using memes to mock the reverential temporality of futurity and the performance of power in the inauguration ceremony developed rapidly on social media. The user-generated media event departed from and interacted with the coronation, commented upon it, and called upon a debate about its undisputed staging of the powerful nation and its authority. In the aftermath of the inauguration, the memes challenged the ceremonial event and could be said to transform it into an alternative “dialogic” event (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024\"\u003eHeikka et al., 2016\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003csec id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_s_004\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eConclusion\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this article has been to show how media events prominently render time and our situatedness in time visible. I have discussed different examples of ceremonial media events and argued that the liveness of media events unfolds along complex temporalities. A point has been that liveness is both a technological term and a term designating the particular live unfolding of a media event. To analyse a media event therefore involves analysing the performance of temporalities of liveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three different media events analysed in this article exemplify different temporalities of liveness: presence, urgency, and futurity turned into compressed immediacy. The queen's New Year's speech gathered a large proportion of Danes and addressed the viewers directly, and they thus co-constituted the temporality of presence. Mette Frederiksen's Covid-19 speech was preplanned and ceremonial, leaning towards the traumatic media event. It invoked a temporality of urgency by pledging action of the Danes for the sake of the future. And in the final example, social media users harvested a couple of photos from the inauguration, memified them, deconstructed the ceremonial event's temporality of futurity, and created a different temporality of compressed immediacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThus, this article has aimed at not only conducting a media event analysis but also showing that the temporality of ceremonial events exceeds the three straightforward “time orientations” – past, present, and future – that \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003eDayan and Katz (1992)\u003c/a\u003e attached to coronations, contests, and conquests, respectively. The different designations imply that media events today may be understood as \u003citalic\u003eperforming\u003c/italic\u003e liveness. Liveness takes many forms and comes in many temporalities, depending on media technology and type of event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy focusing on how liveness unfolds in three examples of contemporary ceremonial broadcast events, this article has pointed out that the contemporary hybrid media landscape still comprises ceremonial media events and continues to show television's ability to attract the attention of large groups of people, on a national and an international scale. Yet the stable centring perspective and firm temporal positions characterising Dayan and Katz's ceremonial media events are less prominent, and their boundaries may be more easily contested. This change towards somewhat more unstable ceremonial events comprises the changed positions of the audience and the changed media landscape. Viewers were positioned inclusively in the queen's speech and addressed as agents in the prime minister's speech. In the last example, a user-generated media event took off from the ceremonial event and turned online commenting through memes into participatory acts. The point of the analysis was to demonstrate that the memefied environment created around the broadcast inauguration challenged the ceremonial, the constitution of power as evidentiary, the media centric linearity, and the temporality of futurity. As phrased by \u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_041\"\u003eBianca Mitu (2016)\u003c/a\u003e, the user-generated media event may comprise the power to create an alternative interpretation of an event, to disrupt it or co-develop it in a new direction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe last example shows that temporalities of liveness acquire a different meaning as technology changes, from a temporality of futurity to social media virality's temporality of compressed immediacy. As regards the first two examples, social media are not involved directly in the same manner, leaning more towards \u003citalic\u003eMedia Events\u003c/italic\u003e’ “classical” ceremonial event. However, I argued that the social media context of the two Danish media events is made discreetely felt: The queen's unusually direct address strengthened the ceremonial media event's temporality of presence and could also be understood as an address conforming to social media communication, given that the speech would be posted on Instagram. The television broadcast of the prime minister's speech also reflected the hybrid, decentred media context by DR's news anchor's subjecting her agency to the prime minister's office at the beginning of the broadcast.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three examples show that temporalities of liveness are diverse and changeable. Understanding the workings of contemporary media events entails understanding how they simultaneously perform and are embedded in complex patterns of temporalities. This sense of the contemporary ceremonial media event being more transformable and less centring accords with the “multimediated time” of contemporary media cultures (\u003ca ref-type=\"bibr\" href=\"#j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003eKeightley, 2012b\u003c/a\u003e) and the ubiquity of competing platforms and networks constituting the media landscape on a global scale. Media events today are of a different scale and different societal importance, and they may occur simultaneously. However, the chosen examples show that ceremonial media events are still able to make meaning and gather a large proportion of a population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/sec\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},"figuresAndTables":"","referenceList":[{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_001","citeString":"Alex Levin. (n.d.). Bernie Sanders on the moon. https://artlevin.com/bernie-sanders-on-the-moon/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_001\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eAlex Levin. (n.d.). \u003citalic\u003eBernie Sanders on the moon\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://artlevin.com/bernie-sanders-on-the-moon/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eAlex Levin\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(n.d.)\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders on the moon\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://artlevin.com/bernie-sanders-on-the-moon/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_002","citeString":"Auslander, P. (2008). Liveness: Performance in a mediatized culture (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203938133","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_002\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eAuslander, P. (2008). \u003citalic\u003eLiveness: Performance in a mediatized culture\u003c/italic\u003e (2nd ed.). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203938133\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eAuslander\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2008\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eLiveness: Performance in a mediatized culture\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cedition\u003e2nd ed.\u003c/edition\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203938133\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780203938133\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_003","citeString":"Barrett, B. (2021, January 21). He made a viral Bernie meme site: Now he has to keep it going. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/bernie-sanders-meme-street-view-site/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_003\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eBarrett, B. (2021, January 21). He made a viral Bernie meme site: Now he has to keep it going. \u003citalic\u003eWired\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.wired.com/story/bernie-sanders-meme-street-view-site/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eBarrett\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eB.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e21\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eHe made a viral Bernie meme site: Now he has to keep it going\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eWired\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.wired.com/story/bernie-sanders-meme-street-view-site/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_004","citeString":"Barrie, C., \u0026 Ho, J. C. (2021). academictwitteR: An R package to access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track v2 API endpoint. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(62), 3272. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_004\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eBarrie, C., \u0026amp; Ho, J. C. (2021). academictwitteR: An R package to access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track v2 API endpoint. \u003citalic\u003eJournal of Open Source Software\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e6\u003c/italic\u003e(62), 3272. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eBarrie\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eC.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHo\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ. C.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eacademictwitteR: An R package to access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track v2 API endpoint\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eJournal of Open Source Software\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e6\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e62\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e3272\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.21105/joss.03272\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_005","citeString":"Brody Logan [@BrodyLogan]. (2021, January 20). 10:30, drop off dry cleaning; 11:00, Joe's thing; 2:00 swing by the post office [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/brodylogan/status/1351955777745874944?lang=en","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_005\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eBrody Logan [@BrodyLogan]. (2021, January 20). 10:30, drop off dry cleaning; 11:00, Joe's thing; 2:00 swing by the post office [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/brodylogan/status/1351955777745874944?lang=en\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eBrody Logan [@BrodyLogan]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e10:30, drop off dry cleaning; 11:00, Joe's thing; 2:00 swing by the post office [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/brodylogan/status/1351955777745874944?lang=en\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_006","citeString":"Burgess, J. (2006). Hearing ordinary voices: Cultural studies, vernacular creativity and digital storytelling. Continuum: Journal of Media \u0026 Cultural Studies, 20(2), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304310600641737","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_006\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eBurgess, J. (2006). Hearing ordinary voices: Cultural studies, vernacular creativity and digital storytelling. \u003citalic\u003eContinuum: Journal of Media \u0026amp; Cultural Studies\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e20\u003c/italic\u003e(2), 201–214. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/10304310600641737\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eBurgess\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2006\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eHearing ordinary voices: Cultural studies, vernacular creativity and digital storytelling\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eContinuum: Journal of Media \u0026amp; Cultural Studies\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e20\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e2\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e201\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e214\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/10304310600641737\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1080/10304310600641737\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_007","citeString":"Caldwell, J. T. (1995). Televisuality: Style, crisis, and authority in American television. Rutgers University Press.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_007\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eCaldwell, J. T. (1995). \u003citalic\u003eTelevisuality: Style, crisis, and authority in American television\u003c/italic\u003e. Rutgers University Press.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCaldwell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ. T.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e1995\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTelevisuality: Style, crisis, and authority in American television\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRutgers University Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_008","citeString":"Chandra Steele [@ChanSteele]. (2021, January 20). In Jewish yoga this pose is: waiting for my wife at Loehmann's [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/chansteele/status/1351927821007003656?lang=en","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_008\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eChandra Steele [@ChanSteele]. (2021, January 20). In Jewish yoga this pose is: waiting for my wife at Loehmann's [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/chansteele/status/1351927821007003656?lang=en\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eChandra Steele [@ChanSteele]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eIn Jewish yoga this pose is: waiting for my wife at Loehmann's [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/chansteele/status/1351927821007003656?lang=en\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_009","citeString":"Couldry, N. (2003). Media rituals: A critical approach. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203986608","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_009\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eCouldry, N. (2003). \u003citalic\u003eMedia rituals: A critical approach\u003c/italic\u003e. Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203986608\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2003\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia rituals: A critical approach\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203986608\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780203986608\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_010","citeString":"Couldry, N., \u0026 Hepp, A. (2017). The mediated construction of reality. Polity Press.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_010\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eCouldry, N., \u0026amp; Hepp, A. (2017). \u003citalic\u003eThe mediated construction of reality.\u003c/italic\u003e Polity Press.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2017\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe mediated construction of reality\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePolity Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_011","citeString":"Couldry, N., Hepp, A., \u0026 Krotz, F. (Eds.). (2010). Media events in a global age. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_011\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eCouldry, N., Hepp, A., \u0026amp; Krotz, F. (Eds.). (2010). \u003citalic\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/italic\u003e. Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKrotz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eF.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.).\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2010\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_012","citeString":"Crown Princess Mary of Denmark [@hrh_mary_of_denmark]. (2021, September 13). Crown princess Mary in her way to Aalborg for the royal run [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CTvWymJlM-u/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_012\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eCrown Princess Mary of Denmark [@hrh_mary_of_denmark]. (2021, September 13). \u003citalic\u003eCrown princess Mary in her way to Aalborg for the royal run\u003c/italic\u003e [Photograph]. Instagram. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.instagram.com/p/CTvWymJlM-u/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eCrown Princess Mary of Denmark [@hrh_mary_of_denmark]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eSeptember\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e13\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eCrown princess Mary in her way to Aalborg for the royal run\u003c/italic\u003e [Photograph]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eInstagram\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.instagram.com/p/CTvWymJlM-u/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_013","citeString":"Dayan, D. (2010). Beyond media events: Disenchantment, derailment, disruption. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026 F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 23–32). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_013\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eDayan, D. (2010). Beyond media events: Disenchantment, derailment, disruption. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026amp; F. Krotz (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 23–32). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eDayan\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eD.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2010\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eBeyond media events: Disenchantment, derailment, disruption\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKrotz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eF.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e23\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e32\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.2307/j.ctv65sw9q.19\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014","citeString":"Dayan, D., \u0026 Katz, E. (1992). Media events: The live broadcasting of history. Harvard University Press.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_014\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eDayan, D., \u0026amp; Katz, E. (1992). \u003citalic\u003eMedia events: The live broadcasting of history\u003c/italic\u003e. Harvard University Press.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eDayan\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eD.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKatz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e1992\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events: The live broadcasting of history\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eHarvard University Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4159/9780674030305\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_015","citeString":"Denisova, A. (2019). Internet memes and society: Social, cultural and political contexts. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429469404","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_015\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eDenisova, A. (2019). \u003citalic\u003eInternet memes and society: Social, cultural and political contexts\u003c/italic\u003e. Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780429469404\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eDenisova\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2019\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eInternet memes and society: Social, cultural and political contexts\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780429469404\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780429469404\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_016","citeString":"Desreumaux, G. (2021, January 25). Take Bernie with you anywhere on Google street view. https://wersm.com/take-bernie-with-you-anywhere-on-google-street-view/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_016\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eDesreumaux, G. (2021, January 25). Take Bernie with you anywhere on Google street view. \u003curi\u003ehttps://wersm.com/take-bernie-with-you-anywhere-on-google-street-view/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eDesreumaux\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eG.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e25\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTake Bernie with you anywhere on Google street view\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://wersm.com/take-bernie-with-you-anywhere-on-google-street-view/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_017","citeString":"Fazio, M. (2021, January 26). A witness to history and Bernie Sanders in his mittens. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/us/politics/brendan-smialowski-bernie-sanders-mittens.html","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_017\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eFazio, M. (2021, January 26). A witness to history and Bernie Sanders in his mittens. \u003citalic\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/us/politics/brendan-smialowski-bernie-sanders-mittens.html\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eFazio\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e26\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eA witness to history and Bernie Sanders in his mittens\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/us/politics/brendan-smialowski-bernie-sanders-mittens.html\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_018","citeString":"Feuer, J. (1983). The concept of live television: Ontology as ideology. In E. A. Kaplan (Ed.), Regarding television: Critical approaches (pp. 12–22). University Publications of America.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_018\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eFeuer, J. (1983). The concept of live television: Ontology as ideology. In E. A. Kaplan (Ed.), \u003citalic\u003eRegarding television: Critical approaches\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 12–22). University Publications of America.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eFeuer\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e1983\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eThe concept of live television: Ontology as ideology\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKaplan\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE. A.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Ed.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eRegarding television: Critical approaches\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e12\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e22\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eUniversity Publications of America\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019","citeString":"Frosh, P., \u0026 Pinchevski, A. (2018). Media and events after Media Events. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 40(1), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726007","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_019\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eFrosh, P., \u0026amp; Pinchevski, A. (2018). Media and events after Media Events. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e40\u003c/italic\u003e(1), 135–138. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726007\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eFrosh\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePinchevski\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eMedia and events after Media Events\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e40\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e1\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e135\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e138\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726007\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443717726007\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_020","citeString":"Golenda, G., \u0026 Waddoups, R. (2021, January 22). The internet got really creative with this bernie sanders meme. Surface. https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/the-internet-got-really-creative-with-this-bernie-sanders-meme/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_020\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eGolenda, G., \u0026amp; Waddoups, R. (2021, January 22). \u003citalic\u003eThe internet got really creative with this bernie sanders meme\u003c/italic\u003e. Surface. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.surfacemag.com/articles/the-internet-got-really-creative-with-this-bernie-sanders-meme/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eGolenda\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eG.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eWaddoups\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eR.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e22\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe internet got really creative with this bernie sanders meme\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eSurface\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.surfacemag.com/articles/the-internet-got-really-creative-with-this-bernie-sanders-meme/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_021","citeString":"Google Trends. (n.d.-a). Bernie Sanders memes: Last 12 months. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?q=bernie%20sanders%20memes","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_021\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eGoogle Trends. (n.d.-a). \u003citalic\u003eBernie Sanders memes: Last 12 months\u003c/italic\u003e. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from \u003curi\u003ehttps://trends.google.com/trends/explore?q=bernie%20sanders%20memes\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eGoogle Trends\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(n.d.-a)\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders memes: Last 12 months\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eRetrieved November 12, 2021, from \u003curi\u003ehttps://trends.google.com/trends/explore?q=bernie%20sanders%20memes\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_022","citeString":"Google Trends. (n.d.-b). Bernie Sanders memes: 1/20/21–1/23/21. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2021-01-20%202021-01-23\u0026q=bernie%20sanders%20memes","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_022\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eGoogle Trends. (n.d.-b). \u003citalic\u003eBernie Sanders memes: 1/20/21–1/23/21\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2021-01-20%202021-01-23\u0026amp;q=bernie%20sanders%20memes\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eGoogle Trends\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(n.d.-b)\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders memes: 1/20/21–1/23/21\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2021-01-20%202021-01-23\u0026amp;q=bernie%20sanders%20memes\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_023","citeString":"Hauptfleisch, T. (2004). Eventification: Utilizing the theatrical system to frame the event. In V. A. Cremona, P. Eversmann, H. van Maanen, W. Sauter, J. Tulloch (Eds.), Theatrical events: Borders, dynamics, frames (pp. 279–303). Rodopi.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_023\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eHauptfleisch, T. (2004). Eventification: Utilizing the theatrical system to frame the event. In V. A. Cremona, P. Eversmann, H. van Maanen, W. Sauter, J. Tulloch (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eTheatrical events: Borders, dynamics, frames\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 279–303). Rodopi.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHauptfleisch\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2004\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eEventification: Utilizing the theatrical system to frame the event\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCremona\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eV. A.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eEversmann\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003evan Maanen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eH.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eSauter\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eW.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eTulloch\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTheatrical events: Borders, dynamics, frames\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e279\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e303\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRodopi\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024","citeString":"Heikka, T., Valaskivi, K., \u0026 Uskali, T. (2016). Crashing a national media event: The circulation of social imaginaries in the gatecrashers riots in Finland. In B. Mitu, \u0026 S. Poulakidakos (Eds.), Media events: A critical contemporary approach (pp. 92–117). Palgrave Macmillan.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_024\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eHeikka, T., Valaskivi, K., \u0026amp; Uskali, T. (2016). Crashing a national media event: The circulation of social imaginaries in the gatecrashers riots in Finland. In B. Mitu, \u0026amp; S. Poulakidakos (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eMedia events: A critical contemporary approach\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 92–117). Palgrave Macmillan.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHeikka\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eValaskivi\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eK.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eUskali\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2016\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eCrashing a national media event: The circulation of social imaginaries in the gatecrashers riots in Finland\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMitu\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eB.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePoulakidakos\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eS.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events: A critical contemporary approach\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e92\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e117\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePalgrave Macmillan\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1057/9781137574282_6\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_025","citeString":"Hepp, A. (2004). Radio and popular culture in Germany: Radio culture between comedy and event-isolation. In A. Crisell (Ed.), More than a music box: Radio culture and communities in a multi-media world (pp. 189–212). Berghan Books.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_025\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eHepp, A. (2004). Radio and popular culture in Germany: Radio culture between comedy and event-isolation. In A. Crisell (Ed.), \u003citalic\u003eMore than a music box: Radio culture and communities in a multi-media world\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 189–212). Berghan Books.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2004\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eRadio and popular culture in Germany: Radio culture between comedy and event-isolation\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCrisell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Ed.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMore than a music box: Radio culture and communities in a multi-media world\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e189\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e212\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eBerghan Books\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026","citeString":"Hepp, A., \u0026 Couldry, N. (2010). Introduction. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026 F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 1–21). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_026\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eHepp, A., \u0026amp; Couldry, N. (2010). Introduction. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026amp; F. Krotz (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 1–21). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2010\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eIntroduction\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKrotz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eF.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e1\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e21\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_027","citeString":"Ives, M., \u0026 Victor, D. (2021, January 21). Bernie Sanders is once again the star of a meme. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/us/politics/bernie-sanders-meme.html","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_027\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eIves, M., \u0026amp; Victor, D. (2021, January 21). Bernie Sanders is once again the star of a meme. \u003citalic\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/us/politics/bernie-sanders-meme.html\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eIves\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eVictor\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eD.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e21\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders is once again the star of a meme\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/us/politics/bernie-sanders-meme.html\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_028","citeString":"Jakob, D. (2012). The eventification of place: Urban development and experience consumption in Berlin and New York City. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(4), 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0969776412459860","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_028\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eJakob, D. (2012). The eventification of place: Urban development and experience consumption in Berlin and New York City. \u003citalic\u003eEuropean Urban and Regional Studies\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e20\u003c/italic\u003e(4), 447–459. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0969776412459860\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eJakob\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eD.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2012\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eThe eventification of place: Urban development and experience consumption in Berlin and New York City\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eEuropean Urban and Regional Studies\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e20\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e4\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e447\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e459\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0969776412459860\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0969776412459860\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_029","citeString":"Joseph Scrimshaw [@JosephScrimshaw]. (2021, January 20). Bernie Sanders gets to the movie theater nice and early even though he hates sitting through the trailers [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/josephscrimshaw/status/1351929202769944577","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_029\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eJoseph Scrimshaw [@JosephScrimshaw]. (2021, January 20). Bernie Sanders gets to the movie theater nice and early even though he hates sitting through the trailers [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/josephscrimshaw/status/1351929202769944577\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eJoseph Scrimshaw [@JosephScrimshaw]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders gets to the movie theater nice and early even though he hates sitting through the trailers [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/josephscrimshaw/status/1351929202769944577\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_030","citeString":"Katherine Miller [@katerinemiller]. (2021, January 20). Bernie really looks like he's on his way to mail something [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/katherinemiller/status/1351913705571835905","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_030\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKatherine Miller [@katerinemiller]. (2021, January 20). Bernie really looks like he's on his way to mail something [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/katherinemiller/status/1351913705571835905\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eKatherine Miller [@katerinemiller]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie really looks like he's on his way to mail something [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/katherinemiller/status/1351913705571835905\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_031","citeString":"Katz, E., \u0026 Dayan, D. (2018). L’esprit de l’escalier: 25 years of hindsight. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 40(1), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726015","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_031\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKatz, E., \u0026amp; Dayan, D. (2018). L’esprit de l’escalier: 25 years of hindsight. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e40\u003c/italic\u003e(1), 143–152. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726015\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKatz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eDayan\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eD.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eL’esprit de l’escalier: 25 years of hindsight\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e40\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e1\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e143\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e152\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726015\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443717726015\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032","citeString":"Katz, E., \u0026 Liebes, T. (2007). ‘No more peace!’: How disaster, terror and war have upstaged media events. International Journal of Communication, 1, 157–166.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_032\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKatz, E., \u0026amp; Liebes, T. (2007). ‘No more peace!’: How disaster, terror and war have upstaged media events. \u003citalic\u003eInternational Journal of Communication\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e1\u003c/italic\u003e, 157–166.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKatz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eLiebes\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2007\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003e‘No more peace!’: How disaster, terror and war have upstaged media events\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eInternational Journal of Communication\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e1\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e157\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e166\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_033","citeString":"Keightley, E. (2012a). Conclusion: Making time – The social temporalities of mediated experience. In E. Keightley (Ed.), Time, media and modernity (pp. 201–223). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_11","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_033\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKeightley, E. (2012a). Conclusion: Making time – The social temporalities of mediated experience. In E. Keightley (Ed.), \u003citalic\u003eTime, media and modernity\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 201–223). Palgrave Macmillan. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_11\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKeightley\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2012a\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eConclusion: Making time – The social temporalities of mediated experience\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKeightley\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Ed.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTime, media and modernity\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e201\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e223\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePalgrave Macmillan\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_11\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1057/9781137020680_11\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034","citeString":"Keightley, E. (2012b). Introduction. Time, media, modernity. In E. Keightley (Ed.), Time, media and modernity (pp. 1–22). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_1","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_034\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKeightley, E. (2012b). Introduction. Time, media, modernity. In E. Keightley (Ed.), \u003citalic\u003eTime, media and modernity\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 1–22). Palgrave Macmillan. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_1\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKeightley\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2012b\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eIntroduction. Time, media, modernity\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKeightley\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Ed.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTime, media and modernity\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e1\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e22\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePalgrave Macmillan\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020680_1\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1057/9781137020680_1\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_035","citeString":"Keightley, E. (2013). From immediacy to intermediacy: The mediation of lived time. Time \u0026 Society, 22(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0961463X11402045","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_035\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKeightley, E. (2013). From immediacy to intermediacy: The mediation of lived time. \u003citalic\u003eTime \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e22\u003c/italic\u003e(1), 55–75. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0961463X11402045\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKeightley\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2013\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eFrom immediacy to intermediacy: The mediation of lived time\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTime \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e22\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e1\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e55\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e75\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0961463X11402045\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0961463X11402045\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_036","citeString":"Know Your Meme. (n.d.). Bernie Sanders wearing mittens sitting in a chair – Skyscraper lunch. https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1998018-bernie-sanders-wearing-mittens-sitting-in-a-chair","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_036\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eKnow Your Meme. (n.d.). \u003citalic\u003eBernie Sanders wearing mittens sitting in a chair – Skyscraper lunch\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1998018-bernie-sanders-wearing-mittens-sitting-in-a-chair\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eKnow Your Meme\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(n.d.)\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders wearing mittens sitting in a chair – Skyscraper lunch\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1998018-bernie-sanders-wearing-mittens-sitting-in-a-chair\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_037","citeString":"Maasø, A. (2018). Music streaming, festivals, and the eventization of music. Popular Music and Society, 41(2), 154–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2016.1231001","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_037\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMaasø, A. (2018). Music streaming, festivals, and the eventization of music. \u003citalic\u003ePopular Music and Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e41\u003c/italic\u003e(2), 154–175. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2016.1231001\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMaasø\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eMusic streaming, festivals, and the eventization of music\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003ePopular Music and Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e41\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e2\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e154\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e175\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2016.1231001\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1080/03007766.2016.1231001\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_038","citeString":"Marriott, S. (2001). In pursuit of the ineffable: How television found the eclipse but lost the plot. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 23, 725–742. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F016344301023006003","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_038\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMarriott, S. (2001). In pursuit of the ineffable: How television found the eclipse but lost the plot. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e23\u003c/italic\u003e, 725–742. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F016344301023006003\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMarriott\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eS.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2001\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eIn pursuit of the ineffable: How television found the eclipse but lost the plot\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e23\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e725\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e742\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F016344301023006003\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/016344301023006003\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_039","citeString":"MediaWatch. (2021, January 4). Top 20: Knap tre millioner så Dronning Margrethes nytårstale [Top 20: Almost three million watched Queen Margrethe's New Year's speech]. https://mediawatch.dk/Medienyt/TV/article12665085.ece","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_039\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMediaWatch. (2021, January 4). \u003citalic\u003eTop 20: Knap tre millioner så Dronning Margrethes nytårstale\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eTop 20: Almost three million watched Queen Margrethe's New Year's speech\u003c/italic\u003e]. \u003curi\u003ehttps://mediawatch.dk/Medienyt/TV/article12665085.ece\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eMediaWatch\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e4\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eTop 20: Knap tre millioner så Dronning Margrethes nytårstale\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eTop 20: Almost three million watched Queen Margrethe's New Year's speech\u003c/italic\u003e]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://mediawatch.dk/Medienyt/TV/article12665085.ece\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_040","citeString":"Miltner, K. M. (2018). Internet memes. In J. Burgess, A. Marwick, \u0026 T. Poell, (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social media (pp. 412–428). Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_040\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMiltner, K. M. (2018). Internet memes. In J. Burgess, A. Marwick, \u0026amp; T. Poell, (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eThe Sage handbook of social media\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 412–428). Sage. \u003curi\u003ehttps://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMiltner\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eK. M.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eInternet memes\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eBurgess\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMarwick\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePoell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe Sage handbook of social media\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e412\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e428\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eSage\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473984066\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4135/9781473984066.n23\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_041","citeString":"Mitu, B. (2016). Web 2.0 media events: Barack Obama's inauguration. In B. Mitu, \u0026 S. Poulakidakos (Eds.), Media events: A critical contemporary approach (pp. 230–243). Palgrave Macmillan.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_041\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMitu, B. (2016). Web 2.0 media events: Barack Obama's inauguration. In B. Mitu, \u0026amp; S. Poulakidakos (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eMedia events: A critical contemporary approach\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 230–243). Palgrave Macmillan.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMitu\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eB.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2016\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eWeb 2.0 media events: Barack Obama's inauguration\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMitu\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eB.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePoulakidakos\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eS.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events: A critical contemporary approach\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e230\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e243\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePalgrave Macmillan\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1057/9781137574282_13\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_042","citeString":"Mortensen, M. (2015). Conflictual media events, eyewitness images, and the Boston Marathon bombing (2013). Journalism Practice, 9(4), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1030140","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_042\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMortensen, M. (2015). Conflictual media events, eyewitness images, and the Boston Marathon bombing (2013). \u003citalic\u003eJournalism Practice\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e9\u003c/italic\u003e(4), 536–551. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1030140\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMortensen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2015\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eConflictual media events, eyewitness images, and the Boston Marathon bombing (2013)\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eJournalism Practice\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e9\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e4\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e536\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e551\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1030140\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9781315211695-6\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_043","citeString":"Mortensen, M., \u0026 Neumayer, C. (2021). The playful politics of memes. Information, Communication \u0026 Society, 24(16), 2367–2377. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1979622","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_043\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMortensen, M., \u0026amp; Neumayer, C. (2021). The playful politics of memes. \u003citalic\u003eInformation, Communication \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e24\u003c/italic\u003e(16), 2367–2377. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1979622\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eMortensen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eNeumayer\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eC.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eThe playful politics of memes\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eInformation, Communication \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e24\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e16\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e2367\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e2377\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1979622\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1080/1369118X.2021.1979622\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_044","citeString":"Myllena \u003c3 [@itsmyllena]. (n.d.). Bernie would be a great friend! Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.dk/pin/765893480383330601/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_044\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eMyllena \u0026lt;3 [@itsmyllena]. (n.d.). \u003citalic\u003eBernie would be a great friend!\u003c/italic\u003e Pinterest. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.pinterest.dk/pin/765893480383330601/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eMyllena \u0026lt;3 [@itsmyllena]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(n.d.)\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie would be a great friend!\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePinterest\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.pinterest.dk/pin/765893480383330601/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_045","citeString":"Obed Manuel [@obedmanuel]. (2021, January 20). I am once again asking that you not talk to me at parties [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/obedmanuel/status/1351928995596664838","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_045\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eObed Manuel [@obedmanuel]. (2021, January 20). I am once again asking that you not talk to me at parties [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/obedmanuel/status/1351928995596664838\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eObed Manuel [@obedmanuel]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eI am once again asking that you not talk to me at parties [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/obedmanuel/status/1351928995596664838\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_046","citeString":"Peters, J. D. (2001). Witnessing. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 23(6), 707–723.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_046\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003ePeters, J. D. (2001). Witnessing. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e23\u003c/italic\u003e(6), 707–723.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePeters\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ. D.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2001\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eWitnessing\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e23\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e6\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e707\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e723\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1057/9780230235762_2\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_047","citeString":"PHD. (2020, May 5). Massiv, men nu dalende interesse for Corona-nyheder [Massive but now declining interest in Corona news]. https://www.phdmedia.com/denmark/massiv-men-nu-dalende-interesse-for-corona-nyheder/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_047\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003ePHD. (2020, May 5). \u003citalic\u003eMassiv, men nu dalende interesse for Corona-nyheder\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eMassive but now declining interest in Corona news\u003c/italic\u003e]. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.phdmedia.com/denmark/massiv-men-nu-dalende-interesse-for-corona-nyheder/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003ePHD\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2020\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eMay\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e5\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eMassiv, men nu dalende interesse for Corona-nyheder\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eMassive but now declining interest in Corona news\u003c/italic\u003e]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.phdmedia.com/denmark/massiv-men-nu-dalende-interesse-for-corona-nyheder/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_048","citeString":"Poell, T. (2020). Social media, temporality and the legitimacy of protest. Social Movement Studies, 19(5–6), 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1605287","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_048\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003ePoell, T. (2020). Social media, temporality and the legitimacy of protest. \u003citalic\u003eSocial Movement Studies\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e19\u003c/italic\u003e(5–6), 609–624. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1605287\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003ePoell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eT.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2020\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eSocial media, temporality and the legitimacy of protest\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eSocial Movement Studies\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e19\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e5–6\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e609\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e624\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1605287\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1080/14742837.2019.1605287\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_049","citeString":"Reeezy [@MsReeezy]. (2021, January 20). Bernie dressed like the inauguration is on his to do list today but ain’t his whole day [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/msreeezy/status/1351922521684254725","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_049\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eReeezy [@MsReeezy]. (2021, January 20). Bernie dressed like the inauguration is on his to do list today but ain’t his whole day [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/msreeezy/status/1351922521684254725\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eReeezy [@MsReeezy]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie dressed like the inauguration is on his to do list today but ain’t his whole day [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/msreeezy/status/1351922521684254725\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_050","citeString":"Scannell, P. (1996). Radio, television \u0026 modern life. Blackwell.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_050\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eScannell, P. (1996). \u003citalic\u003eRadio, television \u0026amp; modern life\u003c/italic\u003e. Blackwell.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eScannell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e1996\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eRadio, television \u0026amp; modern life\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eBlackwell\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_051","citeString":"Scannell, P. (2002). Big Brother as a television event. Television \u0026 New Media, 3(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F152747640200300303","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_051\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eScannell, P. (2002). Big Brother as a television event. \u003citalic\u003eTelevision \u0026amp; New Media\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e3\u003c/italic\u003e(3), 271–282. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F152747640200300303\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eScannell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2002\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eBig Brother as a television event\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTelevision \u0026amp; New Media\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e3\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e3\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e271\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e282\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F152747640200300303\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/152747640200300303\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_052","citeString":"Scannell, P. (2014). Television and the meaning of life. Polity Press.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_052\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eScannell, P. (2014). \u003citalic\u003eTelevision and the meaning of life\u003c/italic\u003e. Polity Press.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eScannell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2014\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eTelevision and the meaning of life\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003ePolity Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_053","citeString":"Scannell, P. (2017). The meaning of lived experience. In. M. Reason, \u0026 A. M. Lindelof (Eds.), Experiencing liveness in contemporay performance: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 73–83). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315659701","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_053\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eScannell, P. (2017). The meaning of lived experience. In. M. Reason, \u0026amp; A. M. Lindelof (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eExperiencing liveness in contemporay performance: Interdisciplinary perspectives\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 73–83). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315659701\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eScannell\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2017\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eThe meaning of lived experience\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn.\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eReason\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eLindelof\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA. M.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eExperiencing liveness in contemporay performance: Interdisciplinary perspectives\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e73\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e83\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315659701\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9781315659701\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_054","citeString":"Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual troublemaker. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18, 362–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12013","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_054\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eShifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual troublemaker. \u003citalic\u003eJournal of Computer-Mediated Communication\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e18\u003c/italic\u003e, 362–377. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12013\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eShifman\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eL.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2013\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eMemes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual troublemaker\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eJournal of Computer-Mediated Communication\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e18\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e362\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e377\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12013\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1111/jcc4.12013\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_055","citeString":"Shifman, L. (2014). Memes in a digital culture. MIT Press.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_055\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eShifman, L. (2014). \u003citalic\u003eMemes in a digital culture\u003c/italic\u003e. MIT Press.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eShifman\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eL.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2014\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMemes in a digital culture\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eMIT Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_056","citeString":"Sonnevend, J. (2016). Stories without borders: The Berlin Wall and the making of a global iconic event. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190604301.001.0001","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_056\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eSonnevend, J. (2016). \u003citalic\u003eStories without borders: The Berlin Wall and the making of a global iconic event\u003c/italic\u003e. Oxford University Press. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190604301.001.0001\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eSonnevend\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2016\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eStories without borders: The Berlin Wall and the making of a global iconic event\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eOxford University Press\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190604301.001.0001\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190604301.001.0001\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057","citeString":"Sonnevend, J. (2018). Media Events today. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 40(1), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726014","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_057\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eSonnevend, J. (2018). Media Events today. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e40\u003c/italic\u003e(1), 110–113. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726014\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eSonnevend\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eMedia Events today\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e40\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e1\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e110\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e113\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717726014\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443717726014\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_058","citeString":"Strach, P. (2018). Emerging trends in marketing communications: Personalization and eventization. Marketing Identity, 1(1), 160–167.","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_058\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eStrach, P. (2018). Emerging trends in marketing communications: Personalization and eventization. \u003citalic\u003eMarketing Identity\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e1\u003c/italic\u003e(1), 160–167.\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eStrach\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eP.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eEmerging trends in marketing communications: Personalization and eventization\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMarketing Identity\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e1\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e1\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e160\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e167\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_059","citeString":"Sørensen, I. E. (2016). The revival of live TV: Liveness in a multiplatform context. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 38(3), 381–399. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443715608260","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_059\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eSørensen, I. E. (2016). The revival of live TV: Liveness in a multiplatform context. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e38\u003c/italic\u003e(3), 381–399. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443715608260\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eSørensen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eI. E.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2016\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eThe revival of live TV: Liveness in a multiplatform context\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e38\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e3\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e381\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e399\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443715608260\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443715608260\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_060","citeString":"Taietsarón:sere [@tai_leclaire]. (2021, January 20). Bernie, on his way to Stewarts for coffee, has parked his Subaru on the capitol lawn to briefly attend the inauguration [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/tai_leclaire/status/1351913881883570178","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_060\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eTaietsarón:sere [@tai_leclaire]. (2021, January 20). Bernie, on his way to Stewarts for coffee, has parked his Subaru on the capitol lawn to briefly attend the inauguration [Tweet]. Twitter. \u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/tai_leclaire/status/1351913881883570178\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eTaietsarón:sere [@tai_leclaire]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie, on his way to Stewarts for coffee, has parked his Subaru on the capitol lawn to briefly attend the inauguration [Tweet]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://twitter.com/tai_leclaire/status/1351913881883570178\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_061","citeString":"Thailand Portalen. (2021, October 16). Pressemødet i Statsministeriet om corona situationen [The press conference in the Prime Minister's Office on the corona situation] [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymKLim4dFyM","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_061\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eThailand Portalen. (2021, October 16). \u003citalic\u003ePressemødet i Statsministeriet om corona situationen\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eThe press conference in the Prime Minister's Office on the corona situation\u003c/italic\u003e] [Video]. YouTube. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymKLim4dFyM\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eThailand Portalen\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eOctober\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e16\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003ePressemødet i Statsministeriet om corona situationen\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eThe press conference in the Prime Minister's Office on the corona situation\u003c/italic\u003e] [Video]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eYouTube\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymKLim4dFyM\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_062","citeString":"The Danish Royal House [@detdankekongehus]. (2020, April 21). Jeg er nok ikke den eneste, der i dag har været til frisør. Heldigvis er det nu igen muligt for [I am possibly not the only one having a haircut today. Fortunately, it is now possible again] [2 Photographs]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B_M2T6egzqo/?utm_source=ig_embed","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_062\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eThe Danish Royal House [@detdankekongehus]. (2020, April 21). \u003citalic\u003eJeg er nok ikke den eneste, der i dag har været til frisør. Heldigvis er det nu igen muligt for\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eI am possibly not the only one having a haircut today. Fortunately, it is now possible again\u003c/italic\u003e] [2 Photographs]. Instagram. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.instagram.com/p/B_M2T6egzqo/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eThe Danish Royal House [@detdankekongehus]\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2020\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eApril\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e21\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eJeg er nok ikke den eneste, der i dag har været til frisør. Heldigvis er det nu igen muligt for\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eI am possibly not the only one having a haircut today. Fortunately, it is now possible again\u003c/italic\u003e] [2 Photographs]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eInstagram\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.instagram.com/p/B_M2T6egzqo/?utm_source=ig_embed\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_063","citeString":"Torres, M. (2021, January 22). The best, funniest memes about Bernie Sanders’ inauguration look. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-inauguration-memes_l_6008737ac5b6ffcab969e157","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_063\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eTorres, M. (2021, January 22). \u003citalic\u003eThe best, funniest memes about Bernie Sanders’ inauguration look.\u003c/italic\u003e HuffPost. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-inauguration-memes_l_6008737ac5b6ffcab969e157\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eTorres\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e22\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe best, funniest memes about Bernie Sanders’ inauguration look\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eHuffPost\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-inauguration-memes_l_6008737ac5b6ffcab969e157\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_064","citeString":"The White House. (2021, January 20). Inaugural address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/01/20/inaugural-address-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_064\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eThe White House. (2021, January 20). \u003citalic\u003eInaugural address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.\u003c/italic\u003e \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/01/20/inaugural-address-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003ccollab\u003eThe White House\u003c/collab\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eInaugural address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/01/20/inaugural-address-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_065","citeString":"Tornes, A., \u0026 Trujillo, L. (2021). Enabling the future of academic research with the Twitter API [Blog post]. Twitter developer platform blog. https://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/topics/tools/2021/enabling-the-future-of-academic-research-with-the-twitter-api","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_065\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eTornes, A., \u0026amp; Trujillo, L. (2021). \u003citalic\u003eEnabling the future of academic research with the Twitter API\u003c/italic\u003e [Blog post]. Twitter developer platform blog. \u003curi\u003ehttps://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/topics/tools/2021/enabling-the-future-of-academic-research-with-the-twitter-api\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eTornes\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eTrujillo\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eL.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eEnabling the future of academic research with the Twitter API\u003c/italic\u003e [Blog post]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eTwitter developer platform blog\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/topics/tools/2021/enabling-the-future-of-academic-research-with-the-twitter-api\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_066","citeString":"van Es, K. (2017). Liveness redux: On media and their claim to be live. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 39(8), 1245–1256. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717717633","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_066\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003evan Es, K. (2017). Liveness redux: On media and their claim to be live. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e39\u003c/italic\u003e(8), 1245–1256. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717717633\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003evan Es\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eK.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2017\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eLiveness redux: On media and their claim to be live\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e39\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e8\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e1245\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e1256\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717717633\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443717717633\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067","citeString":"van Loon, J. (2010). Modalities of mediation. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026 F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 109–123). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_067\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003evan Loon, J. (2010). Modalities of mediation. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, \u0026amp; F. Krotz (Eds.), \u003citalic\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 109–123). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003evan Loon\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2010\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eModalities of mediation\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eCouldry\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eN.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eHepp\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eA.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eKrotz\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eF.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Eds.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia events in a global age\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e109\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e123\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780203872604\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_068","citeString":"Villadsen, L. S. (2020). One word to rule them all: ‘Civic-mindedness’ and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen's nationalist Covid-19 rhetoric. Punctum: International Journal of Semiotics, 6(2), 229–248. https://punctum.gr/download/one-word-to-rule-them-all-civic-mindedness-and-danish-prime-minster-frederiksens-nationalist-covid-19-rhetoric/","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_068\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eVilladsen, L. S. (2020). One word to rule them all: ‘Civic-mindedness’ and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen's nationalist Covid-19 rhetoric. \u003citalic\u003ePunctum: International Journal of Semiotics\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e6\u003c/italic\u003e(2), 229–248. \u003curi\u003ehttps://punctum.gr/download/one-word-to-rule-them-all-civic-mindedness-and-danish-prime-minster-frederiksens-nationalist-covid-19-rhetoric/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eVilladsen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eL. S.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2020\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eOne word to rule them all: ‘Civic-mindedness’ and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen's nationalist Covid-19 rhetoric\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003ePunctum: International Journal of Semiotics\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e6\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e2\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e229\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e248\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://punctum.gr/download/one-word-to-rule-them-all-civic-mindedness-and-danish-prime-minster-frederiksens-nationalist-covid-19-rhetoric/\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.18680/hss.2020.0030\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_069","citeString":"Villadsen, L. S. (2021). Forsker: Mette Frederiksens hverdagsnationalisme svækkede debatten om COVID-19 [Researcher: Mette Frederiksen's everyday nationalism weakened the debate about COVID-19]. Forskerzonen. https://videnskab.dk/forskerzonen/kultur-samfund/forsker-mette-frederiksens-hverdagsnationalisme-svaekkede-debatten-om-covid-19","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_069\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eVilladsen, L. S. (2021). \u003citalic\u003eForsker: Mette Frederiksens hverdagsnationalisme svækkede debatten om COVID-19\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eResearcher: Mette Frederiksen's everyday nationalism weakened the debate about COVID-19\u003c/italic\u003e]. Forskerzonen. \u003curi\u003ehttps://videnskab.dk/forskerzonen/kultur-samfund/forsker-mette-frederiksens-hverdagsnationalisme-svaekkede-debatten-om-covid-19\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eVilladsen\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eL. S.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003e\u003citalic\u003eForsker: Mette Frederiksens hverdagsnationalisme svækkede debatten om COVID-19\u003c/italic\u003e [\u003citalic\u003eResearcher: Mette Frederiksen's everyday nationalism weakened the debate about COVID-19\u003c/italic\u003e]\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eForskerzonen\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://videnskab.dk/forskerzonen/kultur-samfund/forsker-mette-frederiksens-hverdagsnationalisme-svaekkede-debatten-om-covid-19\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_070","citeString":"Wanshel, E. (2021, January 20). Bernie Sanders’ ‘grandpa at the post office’ inauguration outfit is a pragmatic hit. Huffington Post. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-grandpa-post-office-inauguration_n_60084fe4c5b6efae62fdb182","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_070\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eWanshel, E. (2021, January 20). Bernie Sanders’ ‘grandpa at the post office’ inauguration outfit is a pragmatic hit. \u003citalic\u003eHuffington Post\u003c/italic\u003e. \u003curi\u003ehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-grandpa-post-office-inauguration_n_60084fe4c5b6efae62fdb182\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"web\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eWanshel\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2021\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003cmonth\u003eJanuary\u003c/month\u003e\n\u003cday\u003e20\u003c/day\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eBernie Sanders’ ‘grandpa at the post office’ inauguration outfit is a pragmatic hit\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eHuffington Post\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-grandpa-post-office-inauguration_n_60084fe4c5b6efae62fdb182\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_071","citeString":"Wiggins, B. E. (2019). The discursive power of memes in digital culture: Ideology, semiotics, and intertextuality. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492303","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_071\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eWiggins, B. E. (2019). \u003citalic\u003eThe discursive power of memes in digital culture: Ideology, semiotics, and intertextuality\u003c/italic\u003e. Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492303\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eWiggins\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eB. E.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2019\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe discursive power of memes in digital culture: Ideology, semiotics, and intertextuality\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492303\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9780429492303\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_072","citeString":"Williams, M. J. (2018). From “live” to real time: On future television studies. In J. Sayers (Ed.), The Routledge companion to media studies and digital humanities (pp. 283–291). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315730479","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_072\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eWilliams, M. J. (2018). From “live” to real time: On future television studies. In J. Sayers (Ed.), \u003citalic\u003eThe Routledge companion to media studies and digital humanities\u003c/italic\u003e (pp. 283–291). Routledge. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315730479\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"book\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eWilliams\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eM. J.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2018\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eFrom “live” to real time: On future television studies\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003eIn\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eSayers\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eJ.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e(Ed.),\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eThe Routledge companion to media studies and digital humanities\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e283\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e291\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003cpublisher-name\u003eRoutledge\u003c/publisher-name\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315730479\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.4324/9781315730479-29\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"},{"refId":"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_073","citeString":"Ytreberg, E. (2017). Towards a historical understanding of the media event. Media, Culture \u0026 Society, 39(3), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443716643155","doi":null,"mixedCitation":"\u003cref id=\"j_njms-2022-0002_ref_073\"\u003e\n\u003cmixed-citation\u003eYtreberg, E. (2017). Towards a historical understanding of the media event. \u003citalic\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/italic\u003e, \u003citalic\u003e39\u003c/italic\u003e(3), 309–324. \u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443716643155\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/mixed-citation\u003e\n\u003celement-citation publication-type=\"journal\" publication-format=\"print\"\u003e\n\u003cname\u003e\u003csurname\u003eYtreberg\u003c/surname\u003e\u003cgiven-names\u003eE.\u003c/given-names\u003e\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cyear\u003e2017\u003c/year\u003e\n\u003carticle-title\u003eTowards a historical understanding of the media event\u003c/article-title\u003e\n\u003csource\u003eMedia, Culture \u0026amp; Society\u003c/source\u003e\n\u003cvolume\u003e39\u003c/volume\u003e\n\u003cissue\u003e3\u003c/issue\u003e\n\u003cfpage\u003e309\u003c/fpage\u003e\n\u003clpage\u003e324\u003c/lpage\u003e\n\u003ccomment\u003e\u003curi\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443716643155\u003c/uri\u003e\u003c/comment\u003e\n\u003cdgdoi:pub-id xmlns:dgdoi=\"http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref\" pub-id-type=\"doi\"\u003e10.1177/0163443716643155\u003c/dgdoi:pub-id\u003e\u003c/element-citation\u003e\n\u003c/ref\u003e"}],"supplement":[]},"contributors":[{"name":"Jerslev, Anne","role":"author","institutions":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen","city":"","country":"Denmark"}]}],"copyrightYear":0,"covers":[{"urls":["https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image.jpg","https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64725cd2215d2f6c89dc5744/cover-image-original.jpg"],"sizes":[]}],"creativeCommonsLicense":"by-nc-nd 4.0","excludedFromSearch":false,"isAccessible":true,"isConference":false,"keywords":{"en":[]},"language":["English"],"licenseType":"OpenAccess","packageType":"article","parentTitle":"Nordic Journal of Media Studies","productSupply":[{"prices":[],"format":"PDF","isRetracted":false,"licenseType":"Restrictive","publishDate":null,"availabilityCode":20}],"productType":"article","publishDate":"2022-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","publisher":{"name":"Sciendo","id":"sciendo","code":"sciendo"},"seriesList":[],"subjects":["SN","SN-05","SN-05-08","SN-05-09","SN-05-10"],"subtitle":"A journal published by Nordicom at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden","tags":[],"title":"\u003carticle-title\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\u003c/article-title\u003e","url":"/article/10.2478/njms-2022-0002","contentType":"academic","entitlements":["journalKey:NJMS","doi:10.2478/njms-2022-0002"],"migratedAtDate":"2025-03-28T03:06:51.302Z","journalData":{"title":"Nordic Journal of Media Studies","subtitle":"A journal published by Nordicom at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden","eIssn":["2003-184X"],"pIssn":[],"journalKey":"NJMS","frequency":1,"isAccessible":true,"licenseType":"OpenAccess"},"issueData":{"title":"Volume 4 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)","subtitle":"Media Events in the Age of Global, Digital Media","journalKey":"NJMS","volumeNumber":"4","issueNumber":"1","isAccessible":true,"licenseType":"OpenAccess","previousUrl":"/issue/NJMS/3/1","nextUrl":"/issue/NJMS/5/1","eIssn":"2003-184X"},"titleText":"Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness","titleSeo":"Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and...","isPaidContent":false,"descriptionSeo":"This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media....","descriptionExcerpt":"This article discusses media events and liveness as ways live is performed in and by the media. Understanding the workings of contemporary media...","isOpenAccess":true,"isFreeToRead":false,"mlaString":"Jerslev, Anne. \"Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\" Nordic Journal of Media Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, Sciendo, 2022, pp. 19-36. \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002'\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002\u003c/a\u003e","apaString":"Jerslev, A. Contemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness. Nordic Journal of Media Studies, 2022, Sciendo, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 19-36. \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002'\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002\u003c/a\u003e","chicagoString":"Anne Jerslev. \u0026quot;\u003carticle-title\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\u003c/article-title\u003e\u0026quot;. \u003ci\u003eNordic Journal of Media Studies\u003c/i\u003e Sciendo, 4, no. 1 (2022): 19-36. \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002'\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002\u003c/a\u003e","harvardString":"Jerslev, A. \u003carticle-title\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\u003c/article-title\u003e. Nordic Journal of Media Studies, Sciendo, Vol. 4 (Issue 1), (2022) pp. 19-36. \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002'\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002\u003c/a\u003e","vancouverString":"Jerslev A. \u003carticle-title\u003eContemporary ceremonial media events – time and temporalities of liveness\u003c/article-title\u003e. Nordic Journal of Media Studies. Sciendo, 2022;4}(1): 19-36. \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002'\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2022-0002\u003c/a\u003e","citBIBUrl":"/v2/article/download/cite/BIBTEXT?doi=10.2478/njms-2022-0002","citRISUrl":"/v2/article/download/cite/RIS?doi=10.2478/njms-2022-0002","citENDNOTEUrl":"/v2/article/download/cite/ENDNOTE?doi=10.2478/njms-2022-0002","citationpdfUrl":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/njms-2022-0002"},"shopifyProduct":null,"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"downloads_chart_title":"Downloads (last {{count}} months)","filter:Access Type:publiclyAvailable;authorizedContent":"Content I have access to","filter:Access Type:allContent":"All Content","Coming Soon":"Coming Soon","For Libraries":"For Libraries","/librarians":"/librarians","Library Services":"Library Services","librarians.proxyAccess.step4link":"OCLC's introduction to database stanzas.","librarians.proxyAccess.step4":"For additional guidance on database stanza directives, please refer to","librarians.proxyAccess.step3.2":"directly for EZProxy setup assistance.\r\n","librarians.proxyAccess.step3.1":"For technical support, contact","librarians.proxyAccess.step2":"Use the most up-to-date stanza, verified in collaboration with OCLC.\r\n","librarians.proxyAccess.step1":"Ensure your Proxy IP is registered with us via the","librarians.proxyAccess.ipRegistry":"IP Registry.","librarians.proxyAccess.description":"For libraries using OCLC's EZProxy, Sciendo provides the latest stanza configurations to ensure reliable authentication. To maintain uninterrupted access:\r\n","librarians.metadataAccess.metadataForm":"Metadata Order Form.\r\n","librarians.proxyAccess.title":"Ensuring Proxy Access with Stanzas\r\n","librarians.metadataAccess.kbart":"twice a month, updated KBART records are provided for all licensed packages. For specific KBART records, requests can be submitted via the","librarians.metadataAccess.networks":"Metadata is also distributed through major library networks, including:","librarians.metadataAccess.marc21":"the records are available at both the title and collection levels, and can be accessed through De Gruyter Brill's library administration portal. To request specific records for complete eBook packages, please use our\r\n","librarians.metadataAccess.description":"Sciendo provides high-quality metadata for all digital products at no additional cost. Libraries can utilize the following formats to ensure their collections are organized, accessible, and fully optimized for user discovery:\r\n","librarians.metadataAccess.title":"Metadata for Optimal Access\r\n","librarians.discoveryPartners.description2":"Our collaboration with The IP Registry streamlines access management by enhancing IP address verification, monitoring, and updates, delivering a seamless experience for both librarians and users alike.\r\n","librarians.discoveryPartners.description1":"Discovery services are essential for helping users navigate a vast array of content, providing reliable and efficient access to academic materials. To support this, we partner with the following top discovery platforms: ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon, EBSCO Discovery Service, WorldCat Discovery and Knowledge E.\r\n","librarians.discoveryPartners.title":"Sciendo Discovery Service Partners\r\n","librarians.seamlessIntegration.description":"We prioritize ease of access, enhanced discoverability, and efficient integration into library systems. By working with leading discovery services and providing enriched metadata, we enable libraries to manage their collections effectively and to deliver exceptional value to their users.\r\n","librarians.seamlessIntegration.title":"Seamless Integration\r\n","librarians.professionalKnowledge.description":"Sciendo's professional book program is designed to help academic libraries meet the evolving needs of today's higher education landscape. We provide access to the most in-demand disciplines, ensuring libraries offer the latest resources that support theoretical learning and provide practical, hands-on knowledge. Our collection prepares students to apply their expertise effectively while enabling faculty to stay at the forefront of their fields.\r\n","librarians.professionalKnowledge.title":"Professional Knowledge Collection\r\n","librarians.hero.description":"Empowering Academic Libraries with Professional Resources\r\n\r\n","librarians.hero.title":"Library Services","librarians.seo.title":"Library Services - Sciendo\r\n","BookSize":"Book Size","to discover which package best aligns with your objectives.":"to discover which package best aligns with your objectives.","Connect with us today":"Connect with us today","Core":"Core","Core Package":"Core Package","filter:Content Type:Professional":"Professional","filter:Content Type:Academic":"Academic","Free to Read":"Free to Read","filter:Access Type:authorizedContent":"Licensed content","filter:Access Type:paidContent":"Paid Access","filter:Access Type:publiclyAvailable":"Open Access","chapterRequiresAuthorization":"This chapter requires authorization","Requires Authorization":"Requires Authorization","Search for this author on":"Search for this author on","Article Category":"Article Category","Career":"Career","AlreadyExists":"has already registered an account. Please go to the log-in page. If you have forgotten your password, or have not yet created a password, you can use the 'Reset Password' link in the user menu.","UserWithEMail":"A user with the email address","Authenticated as":"Authenticated as","journal-matcher.seo.description":"Journal Matcher","journal-matcher.seo.pagetitle":"Journal Matcher","Journal Matcher":"Journal Matcher","Or try the new journal matcher page":"Or try the new journal matcher page","ProceedingsTopDescription":"At Sciendo, we leverage our extensive publishing expertise to help conference organizers achieve global distribution and recognition for their proceedings.","ProceedingsSeriesVolumesTitle":"Series Publications","ProceedingsSingleVolumesTitle":"Single-Volume Proceedings","ComprehensiveEditorialSupportTitle":"Comprehensive Editorial Support:","VersatileAccessModelsTitle":"Versatile Access Models:","CustomizedPlatformsTitle":"Customized Platforms:","/publish/partner-publishing":"/publish/partner-publishing-program","ProceedingsSeriesVolumesDescription":"Ongoing series receive the same comprehensive services as single-volume proceedings, with additional advantages. These include ISSN registration, access to an advanced submission and peer review management system, and strategic advice to prepare the publication for inclusion in the Scopus database. This approach enhances the credibility and reach of the series, ensuring sustained visibility and recognition over time.","ProceedingsSingleVolumesDescription":"Standalone volumes benefit from global content dissemination and inclusion in key indexing databases. Editors also receive expert guidance to prepare their titles for consideration by the Conference Proceedings Citation Index.","PublishingModelsDescriptionForProceedings":"Recognizing the diverse needs of organizers, we offer two tailored models for both standalone and series publications:","ProceedingsDescription":"As crucial records of cutting-edge research, proceedings capture the exchange of ideas at academic and professional gatherings. \r\n\r\nWe understand the challenges of making these valuable contributions widely accessible, whether for a single event or an ongoing series. To address these needs, we have developed a set of solutions designed to maximize the visibility of your conference papers, secure placement in prestigious indexing databases, and ensure they receive the recognition they deserve.","PartnerPublishingProgramDescriptionAlt":"Sciendo partners with academic institutions to amplify their publishing impact through effective portfolio distribution. Our program features flexible pricing, editorial assistance and a comprehensive range of services designed to support both new and existing titles.","PartnerPublishingProgramTopNote":"With our extensive experience and flexible partnership approach, we are equipped to support, launch, and grow any publishing house, tailoring our solutions to fit your unique needs. This program reflects our commitment to fostering successful institutional partnerships and expanding the global reach of your academic work.","ComprehensiveEditorialSupportDescription":"Benefit from expert editorial assistance and strategic advice on best practices for development, all guided by a dedicated contract coordinator","VersatileAccessModelsDescription":"Choose an access model for each title—open, paid, or hybrid—to support open access initiatives while generating revenue from sales and subscriptions","CustomizedPlatformsDescription":"Showcase your entire portfolio on an independent platform within your institution’s domain or on a custom-branded publisher page hosted on the Sciendo platform. Both options are crafted to align with your brand","EmpoweringDiversePublishingStrategiesDescription":"We offer a range of tailored solutions to support your unique objectives and business models:","EmpoweringDiversePublishingStrategies":"Empowering Diverse Publishing Strategies","PartnerPublishingProgramTopDescription":"Sciendo offers a distinctive partnership to academic institutions and presses seeking to amplify their publishing impact. Our program is designed to efficiently distribute your entire portfolio, including journals, books, theses, conference proceedings, and both new and archival volumes. Each program and the accompanying services are tailored to the specific needs of each partner.","PartnerPublishingProgramDescription":"The primary goal is to enhance the visibility of your content and strengthen your brand’s influence. Our technology, equipped with IP authorization, meets the requirements of indexing databases, discovery services, vendors, and libraries to ensure consistent visibility and automatic content delivery.\r\n\r\nWhether you are disseminating selected titles or an entire portfolio, we are committed to ensuring your publications receive the recognition they deserve, reinforcing the success and influence of your academic press.","ServicesForConferenceOrganizers":"Solutions for Conference Organizers and Proceedings Editors","ServicesForAcademicBooks":"Solutions for Academic Books","ServicesForAcademicJournals":"Solutions for Academic Journals","Books Integrated Access":"Integrated Model – Combine both approaches for balanced reach and profitability","Books Paid Access":"Paid Access – Increase revenue through traditional sales channels","Books Open Access":"Open Access – Enhance the visibility of your books by making them freely accessible","PublishingModelsDescriptionForBooks":"We offer flexible options tailored to the unique requirements and publishing strategies:","TailorYourOffering":"Tailor Your Offering","BooksDesciption":"Our publishing partners rely on us to deliver excellence through customized solutions and extensive distribution networks. Leveraging our strong connections with vendors, discovery services, and indexing platforms, we ensure that every book achieves global visibility and reaches its target audience.\r\n\r\n\r\nTo further expand this influence, we actively promote book collections to libraries, broadening the presence of open-access titles while driving sales of paid-access books. Our advanced infrastructure, featuring institutional access via IP authentication and user-friendly navigation, ensures that your publications are easily discoverable, maximizing their impact on the academic community.","GlobalVisibilityForProfessionalPublishers":"Global Visibility for Professional Publishers","PartnerPublishingProgram":"Partner Publishing Program","Distribution":"Distribution","Presses":"Presses","PartnerPublishingProgramBody":"Sciendo partners with academic institutions to amplify their publishing impact through effective portfolio distribution. Our program features flexible pricing, editorial assistance and a comprehensive range of services designed to support both new and existing titles.","PartnerPublishingProgramTitle":"Partner Publishing Program","ExceptionalCustomerSupportBody":"At Sciendo, we prioritize outstanding customer care, providing personalized assistance and direct communication through multiple channels. Each partner is assigned a dedicated contract coordinator to ensure seamless collaboration, swift issue resolution, and complete satisfaction. Our customer service is the cornerstone of our success, reflecting our deep commitment to fully supporting our partners.","ExceptionalCustomerSupportTitle":"Exceptional Customer Support","Content Marketing":"Content Marketing","Editorial Services":"Editorial Services","Indexing Support":"Indexing Support","Global Content Delivery":"Global Content Delivery","System to Detect Plagiarism":"System to Detect Plagiarism","DOI Assignment and Registration":"DOI Assignment and Registration","PackageTypeLink-Premier":"Uncover Premier Offerings","PackageTypeLink-Classic":"Learn About Classic Advantages","PackageTypeLink-Core":"Discover Core Benefits","PackageTypeLink-Standard":"Explore Standard Package","PackageTypeDescription-Premier":"Our most comprehensive offering, featuring rapid publication, full journal management, marketing strategies, and advanced indexing consulting.","PackageTypeDescription-Classic":"A sophisticated package with advanced systems to optimize editorial workflows and processes.","PackageTypeDescription-Core":"Perfect for journals aiming to enhance visibility and secure inclusion in prestigious indexing services.","PackageTypeDescription-Standard":"Our most cost-effective option, providing access to advanced technology and global content dissemination.","AvailablePackagesDescription":"The services we offer are available in four distinct packages, each designed to meet specific requirements. \r\nThese range from essential support for emerging journals to comprehensive solutions for high-impact publications:","ArticleProcessingChargeAbbreviation":"APC Model","PublishingModelsDescription":"We offer an array of publishing models tailored to diverse objectives. Whether your goal is to maximize accessibility through open access or focus on revenue optimization, our customized solutions will help you develop an effective publishing strategy:","TL-16":"Islamic Studies","TL-15-27":"Secularity and Non-Religion","TL-15-26":"Religion in Oceania","TL-15-25":"Religion in the Middle East","TL-15-24":"Religion in North America","TL-15-23":"Religion in Latin America","TL-15-22":"Religion in Europe","TL-15-21":"Religion in Asia","TL-15-20":"Religion in Africa","TL-15-19":"Religion and Politics","TL-15-18":"Religion and Media","TL-15-17":"Theory of Religion","TL-15-16":"Sociology of Religion","TL-15-15":"Psychology of Religion","TL-15-14":"Philosophy of Religion","TL-15-13":"History of Religion","TL-15-12":"Anthropology of Religion","TL-15-11":"New Religious Movements","TL-15-10":"Other Religions","TL-15-09":"Judaism","TL-15-08":"Islam","TL-15-07":"Indigenous Religions and Native Traditions","TL-15-06":"Hinduism","TL-15-05":"Christianity","TL-15-04":"Buddhism","TL-15-03":"Ancient Religions","TL-15-02":"Comparative Studies","TL-15-01":"Introductions and Overviews","TL-15":"Religious Studies","TL-14-09":"Sephardic and Oriental Jews","TL-14-08":"Samaritans","TL-14-07":"Jewish Life","TL-14-06":"Philosophy","TL-14-05":"Modern Times","TL-14-04":"Middle Ages and Early Modern Times","TL-14-03":"Rabbinic Judaism","TL-14-02":"Hellenistic-Roman Era","TL-14-01":"Introductions and Overviews","TL-14":"Jewish Studies","TL-13":"Church Law","TL-12":"Denominational Studies, Ecumenism, World Christianity","TL-11-07":"Christian Life","TL-11-06":"Sociology of Religion","TL-11-05":"Christian Education","TL-11-04":"Liturgical Studies","TL-11-03":"Pastoral Counseling","TL-11-02":"Homiletics","TL-11-01":"History and Theory of Practical Theology","TL-11":"Practical Theology","TL-10-04":"Philosophy of Religion","TL-10-03":"Ethics","TL-10-02":"Dogmatics","TL-10-01":"Systematic Theology","TL-10":"Systematic Theology and Philosophy of Religion","TL-09-07":"Other 20th-Century Thinkers","TL-09-06":"Troeltsch","TL-09-05":"Tillich","TL-09-04":"Other 19th-Century Thinkers","TL-09-03":"Kierkegaard","TL-09-02":"Schleiermacher","TL-09-01":"Enlightenment and German Idealism","TL-09":"Modern Christian Thinkers and Philosophers of Religion","TL-08":"Modern Church History (19th and 20th Centuries)","TL-07":"Early Modern Times","TL-06":"Reformation Studies","TL-05":"Medieval Studies","TL-04-07":"History of Research","TL-04-06":"Byzantine Studies","TL-04-05":"Christian Apocrypha","TL-04-04":"Acts of Synods, Catenae and other Sources","TL-04-03":"Nag Hammadi","TL-04-02":"Patristic Authors","TL-04-01":"Introductions and Overviews","TL-04":"Patristics","TL-03-12":"New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha","TL-03-11":"Hebrews and Catholic Epistles","TL-03-10":"John","TL-03-09":"Paul","TL-03-08":"Synoptic Gospels and Acts","TL-03-07":"Exegetical Monographs, general","TL-03-06":"Historical, Political and Cultural Background","TL-03-05":"History of Reception","TL-03-04":"History of Exegesis, Methodology, Bibliographies","TL-03-03":"Textual History and Criticism","TL-03-02":"Language and Reference Works","TL-03-01":"Introductions and Overviews","TL-03":"New Testament","TL-02-10":"Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha","TL-02-09":"Prophets","TL-02-08-01":"Wisdom and Psalms, other","TL-02-08":"Wisdom and Psalms","TL-02-07":"Pentateuch and Historical Books","TL-02-06":"Exegetical Monographs, general","TL-02-05":"Ancient Near East","TL-02-04":"History of Reception","TL-02-03":"History of Exegesis, Methodology, Bibliographies","TL-02-02":"Language and Textual History","TL-02-01":"Introductions and Overviews","TL-02":"Old Testament / Ancient Near East","TL-01-02":"Biblical Reception","TL-01-01":"General","TL-01":"General Topics and Biblical Reception","TL":"Theology and Religion","SR-05":"Sports and Recreation, other","SR-04":"Sociology of Sports","SR-03":"Sports Psychology","SR-02":"Physical Education","SR-01":"History of Sports","SR":"Sports and Recreation","SN-08":"Social Sciences, other","SN-07-05":"Biological Anthropology","SN-07-04":"Linguistic Anthropology","SN-07-03":"Cultural Anthropology","SN-07-02":"Social Anthropology","SN-07-01":"Archeological Anthropology","SN-07":"Anthropology","SN-06-08":"Humor Studies, other","SN-06-07":"Humor and Psychology","SN-06-06":"Humor and Linguistics","SN-06-05":"Humor Theory","SN-06-04":"Humor and Social Sciences","SN-06-03":"Humor in Arts and Literature","SN-06-02":"Humor and Health","SN-06-01":"Empirical Humor Studies","SN-06":"Humor Studies","SN-05-11":"Communication Science, other","SN-05-10":"Visual Communication","SN-05-09":"Public and Political Communication","SN-05-08":"Mass Communication","SN-05-07":"Interpersonal Communication","SN-05-06":"Intercultural Communication","SN-05-05":"Health Communication","SN-05-04":"Group and Organizational Communication","SN-05-03":"Communication Theory","SN-05-02":"Communication Technology","SN-05-01":"Communication Research Methods","SN-05":"Communication Science","SN-04-07":"Social Pedagogy, Social Work","SN-04-06":"Specialist Studies in Education","SN-04-05":"Education, other","SN-04-04":"Education Systems","SN-04-03":"Education Administration","SN-04-02":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","SN-04-01":"Theory and History of Education","SN-04":"Education","SN-03-04":"Applied Psychology","SN-03-03":"Development Psychology","SN-03-02":"Methods and Theory","SN-03-01":"Psychology, other","SN-03":"Psychology","SN-02-09":"Local Government and Administration","SN-02-08":"Human Rights","SN-02-07":"International Relations","SN-02-06":"Military Policy","SN-02-05":"Foreign Policy","SN-02-04":"Domestic Policy, Parties, Other Political Organizations","SN-02-03":"Political Thought","SN-02-02":"Theory","SN-02-01":"Political Science, other","SN-02":"Political Science","SN-01-16":"Urban and Spatial Sociology","SN-01-15":"Sociology of Migration","SN-01-14":"Political Sociology","SN-01-13":"Sociology of Religion","SN-01-12":"Sociology of Science, Technology, and Environment","SN-01-11":"Sociology of Gender and the Body","SN-01-10":"Sociology of Economy, Organizations, and Industry","SN-01-09":"Sociology of Family, Youth, and Aging","SN-01-08":"Sociology, other","SN-01-07":"Culture","SN-01-06":"Social Policy, Social Work, Development Aid","SN-01-05":"Labor, Trade Unions","SN-01-04":"Social Structures, Social Interaction, Population, Social Anthropology","SN-01-03":"Methods, Techniques, Statistics","SN-01-02":"Sociological Theory","SN-01-01":"History of Sociology","SN-01":"Sociology","SN":"Social Sciences","PY-19":"Computational Physics","PY-18":"Physics, other","PY-17":"Nonlinear and Complex Systems","PY-16":"Spectroscopy and Metrology","PY-15":"Medical Physics","PY-14":"Biophysics","PY-13":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","PY-12":"Technical and Applied Physics","PY-11":"Electromagnetism, Optics and Photonics","PY-10":"Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics","PY-09":"Relativity and Gravitational Physics","PY-08":"Quantum Physics","PY-07":"Condensed Matter Physics","PY-06":"Nuclear and Particle Physics","PY-05":"Atom, Molecular and Plasma Physics","PY-04":"Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics","PY-03":"Nanotechnology","PY-02":"Experimental Physics","PY-01":"Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","PY":"Physics","PM-05":"Pharmacy, other","PM-04":"Toxicology","PM-03":"Pharmacology","PM-02":"Clinical Pharmacy","PM-01":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","PM":"Pharmacy","PL-19":"Philosophy, other","PL-18-14":"Wittgenstein","PL-18-13":"Platon","PL-18-12":"Nietzsche","PL-18-11":"Marx","PL-18-10":"Leibniz","PL-18-09":"Kant","PL-18-08":"Husserl","PL-18-07":"Heidegger","PL-18-06":"Hegel","PL-18-05":"Hartmann N.","PL-18-04":"Fichte","PL-18-03":"Feuerbach","PL-18-02":"Aristoteles","PL-18-01":"Adorno","PL-18":"Selected Philosophers","PL-17":"Philosophy of Culture","PL-16":"Eastern Philosophy","PL-15":"Intercultural Philosophy","PL-14-28":"Utilitarianism","PL-14-27":"Structuralism","PL-14-26":"Stoa","PL-14-25":"Scholastic","PL-14-24":"Romanticism","PL-14-23":"Rationalism","PL-14-22":"Process Philosophy","PL-14-21":"Presocratics","PL-14-20":"Pragmatism","PL-14-19":"Platonism","PL-14-18":"Phenomenology","PL-14-17":"Neoplatonism","PL-14-16":"Neokantianism","PL-14-15":"Mysticism","PL-14-14":"Marxism","PL-14-13":"Logical Positivism","PL-14-12":"Humanism","PL-14-11":"Hermeneutics","PL-14-10":"Hellenism","PL-14-09":"German Idealism","PL-14-08":"Frankfurt School","PL-14-07":"Existentialism","PL-14-06":"Enlightenment","PL-14-05":"Empiricism","PL-14-04":"Deconstruction","PL-14-03":"British Idealism","PL-14-02":"Aristotelianism","PL-14-01":"Analytical Philosophy","PL-14":"Selected Philosophical Movements","PL-13":"Philosophical Anthropology","PL-12":"Aesthetics","PL-11":"Philosophy of Religion","PL-10":"Philosophy of Law","PL-09":"Political Philosophy and Social Philosophy","PL-08-06":"History of Philosophy of Science","PL-08-05":"Philosophy of Mathematics","PL-08-04":"Philosophy of the Humanities and Cultural sciences","PL-08-03":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","PL-08-02":"Philosophy of the Natural Sciences","PL-08-01":"General Philosophy of Science","PL-08":"Philosophy of Science","PL-07":"Logic","PL-06":"Philosophy of Language","PL-05":"Epistemology","PL-04":"Metaphysics, Ontology","PL-02-03":"Normative Ethics","PL-02-02":"Meta-Ethics","PL-02-01-04":"Applied Ethics, other","PL-02-01-03":"Ethics of Ecology","PL-02-01-02":"Business Ethics","PL-02-01-01":"Bio Ethics and Ethics of Medicine, Ethics of Science","PL-02-01":"Applied Ethics","PL-02":"Ethics","PL-01-04":"History of Philosophy, other","PL-01-03-03":"20th and 21st Century Philosophy","PL-01-03-02":"18th and 19th Century Philosophy","PL-01-03-01":"Early Modern Philosophy","PL-01-03":"Modern Philosophy","PL-01-02":"Medieval Philosophy","PL-01-01":"Ancient Philosophy","PL-01":"History of Philosophy","PL":"Philosophy","MU-05":"Music, general","MU-04":"Lyrics and Libretti","MU-03":"Musicians and Singers","MU-02":"Styles and Genres","MU-01":"Theory and Methods","MU":"Music","MT-12":"General Mathematics","MT-11":"Applied Mathematics","MT-10":"Numerical and Computational Mathematics","MT-09":"Probability and Statistics","MT-08":"Discrete Mathematics","MT-07":"Geometry and Topology","MT-05":"Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems","MT-04":"Analysis","MT-03":"Algebra and Number Theory","MT-02":"Logic and Set Theory","MT-01":"History and Philosophy","MT":"Mathematics","MS-26":"Crystallography","MS-25":"Structural and Construction Materials","MS-24":"Metals and Alloys","MS-23":"Carbon Materials","MS-21":"Modeling and Simulations","MS-20":"Materials Processing","MS-18":"Materials Characterization and Properties","MS-16":"Corrosion","MS-13":"Materials for Energy","MS-12":"Magnetic Materials","MS-11":"Functional and Smart Materials","MS-10":"Electronic and Optical Materials","MS-09":"Thin Films, Surfaces and Interfaces","MS-08":"Soft Matter","MS-07":"Porous Materials","MS-06":"Polymers","MS-05":"Nanomaterials","MS-04":"Composites","MS-03":"Ceramics and Glass","MS-02":"Biomaterials and Natural Materials","MS-01":"Materials Sciences, other","MS":"Materials Sciences","MD-05":"Veterinary Medicine","MD-04-33":"Human Genetics","MD-04-32":"Hygiene and Environmental Medicine","MD-04-31":"Paediatric and Juvenile Psychatry and Psychotherapy","MD-04-30":"Oromaxillofacial Surgery","MD-04-29":"Nuclear Medicine","MD-04-28":"Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy","MD-04-27":"Transfusion Medicine","MD-04-26":"Forensic Medicine","MD-04-25":"Andrology","MD-04-24":"Complementary Medicine","MD-04-23":"Pharmacology, Toxicology","MD-04-22":"Public Health","MD-04-21":"Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","MD-04-20":"Radiotherapy","MD-04-19":"Radiology","MD-04-18":"Neurology","MD-04-17":"Pathology","MD-04-16":"Clinical Chemistry","MD-04-15":"Laboratory Medicine","MD-04-14":"Microbiology, Virology and Infection Epidemiology","MD-04-13":"Psychiatry, Psychotherapy","MD-04-12":"Dermatological and Veneral Diseases","MD-04-11-01":"Speech, Voice and Paediatric Hearing Disorders","MD-04-11":"Otorhinolaryngology","MD-04-10":"Urology","MD-04-09-04":"Special Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine","MD-04-09-03":"Gynaecological Oncology","MD-04-09-02":"Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine","MD-04-09-01":"Gynaecology and Obstetrics, other","MD-04-09":"Gynaecology and Obstetrics","MD-04-08":"Emergency Medicine and Intensive-Care Medicine","MD-04-07":"Anaesthesiology","MD-04-06":"Neurosurgery","MD-04-05-08":"Visceral Surgery","MD-04-05-07":"Thoracic Surgery","MD-04-05-06":"Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery","MD-04-05-05":"Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery","MD-04-05-04":"Paediatric Surgery","MD-04-05-03":"Cardiac Surgery","MD-04-05-02":"Vascular Surgery","MD-04-05-01":"Surgery, other","MD-04-05":"Surgery","MD-04-04-04":"Neuropaediatrics","MD-04-04-03":"Neonatology","MD-04-04-02":"Paediatric Cardiology","MD-04-04-01":"Paediatric Haematology and Oncology","MD-04-04":"Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine","MD-04-03-09":"Rheumatology","MD-04-03-08":"Pneumology","MD-04-03-07":"Nephrology","MD-04-03-06":"Haematology, Oncology","MD-04-03-05":"Gastroenterology","MD-04-03-04":"Angiology","MD-04-03-03":"Cardiology","MD-04-03-02":"Endocrinology, Diabetology","MD-04-03-01":"Internal Medicine, other","MD-04-03":"Internal Medicine","MD-04-02":"Ophthalmology","MD-04-01":"Clinical Medicine, other","MD-04":"Clinical Medicine","MD-03-08":"History and Ethics of Medicine","MD-03-07":"Physiology","MD-03-06":"Immunology","MD-03-05":"Biochemistry","MD-03-04":"Cytology","MD-03-03":"Embryology","MD-03-02":"Anatomy","MD-03-01":"Basic Medical Science, other","MD-03":"Basic Medical Science","MD-02":"Biomedical Engineering","MD-01":"Assistive Professions, Nursing","MD":"Medicine","LT-14":"History of Literary Studies","LT-13-23":"Sciences","LT-13-22":"Other Topics","LT-13-21":"Postcolonial Studies","LT-13-20":"Sociology of Literature","LT-13-19":"Performativeness","LT-13-18":"Mediality, Intermediality","LT-13-17":"Fantasy","LT-13-16":"Psychology, Psychoanalysis","LT-13-15":"Emotion","LT-13-14":"Avantgarde","LT-13-13":"Travel","LT-13-12":"Knowledge","LT-13-11":"Religion","LT-13-10":"Law","LT-13-09":"Memory","LT-13-08":"Antiquity","LT-13-07":"Rhetoric","LT-13-06":"Poetics","LT-13-05":"Mythology and Folk Literature","LT-13-04":"Literary Studies and Linguistics","LT-13-03":"Individual Motifs, Motif Research","LT-13-02":"Gender and Literature","LT-13-01":"Exile Literature","LT-13":"Topics in Literary Studies","LT-12":"Narratology","LT-11":"Literary Theory","LT-10":"Literary History","LT-09":"Textual Scholarship","LT-08-08":"Other Genres","LT-08-07":"Diaries, Letters and Journals","LT-08-06":"Biography and Autobiography","LT-08-05":"Prose","LT-08-04":"Poetry","LT-08-03":"Graphic Novel","LT-08-02":"Drama, Theater","LT-08-01":"Genre Studies, general","LT-08":"Literary Genres and Media","LT-07-05":"Other Nations and Languages","LT-07-04":"Slavic Literature","LT-07-03":"Scandinavian Literature","LT-07-02":"Asian Literature","LT-07-01":"Indo-European Literature","LT-07":"Literature of other Nations and Languages","LT-06-04-07":"21st Century","LT-06-04-06":"20th Century","LT-06-04-05":"19th Century","LT-06-04-04":"18th Century","LT-06-04-03":"16th-17th Century","LT-06-04-02":"10th-15th Century","LT-06-04-01":"Hispanic Literature, general","LT-06-04":"Hispanic Literature","LT-06-03-07":"21st Century","LT-06-03-06":"20th Century","LT-06-03-05":"19th Century","LT-06-03-04":"18th Century","LT-06-03-03":"16th-17th Century","LT-06-03-02":"13th-15th Century","LT-06-03-01":"Italian Literature, general","LT-06-03":"Italian Literature","LT-06-02-07":"21st Century","LT-06-02-06":"20th Century","LT-06-02-05":"19th Century","LT-06-02-04":"18th Century","LT-06-02-03":"16th-17th Century","LT-06-02-02":"8th-15th Century","LT-06-02-01":"French Literature, general","LT-06-02":"French Literature","LT-06-01":"Romance Literature, general","LT-06":"Romance Literature","LT-05-04":"Modern Jewish Literature","LT-05-03":"Reception of Jewish Texts","LT-05-02":"Early Jewish Literature","LT-05-01":"Jewish Literature, general","LT-05":"Jewish Literature","LT-04-07":"21st Century","LT-04-06":"20th Century","LT-04-05":"19th Century","LT-04-04":"18th Century","LT-04-03":"16th-17th Century","LT-04-02":"8th-15th Century","LT-04-01":"German Literature, general","LT-04":"German Literature","LT-03-07":"21st Century","LT-03-06":"20th Century","LT-03-05":"19th Century","LT-03-04":"18th Century","LT-03-03":"16th-17th Century","LT-03-02":"8th-15th Century","LT-03-01":"Anglo-American Literature, general","LT-03":"Anglo-American Literature","LT-02":"Comparative Literary Studies","LT-01":"Literary Studies, general","LT":"Literary Studies","LS-14-05":"Germanic Languages, general","LS-14-04":"Germanic Languages, other","LS-14-03":"Scandinavian","LS-14-02":"German","LS-14-01":"English","LS-14":"Germanic Languages","LS-13-06":"Portuguese","LS-13-05":"Spanish","LS-13-04":"Romance Languages, general","LS-13-03":"Italian","LS-13-02":"French","LS-13-01":"Romance Languages, other","LS-13":"Romance Languages","LS-12-30":"Construction Grammar","LS-12-29":"Multimodality","LS-12-28":"Evolutionary Linguistics","LS-12-27":"Philosophy of Language","LS-12-26":"Linguistics, other","LS-12-25":"Structuralism","LS-12-24":"Sociolinguistics","LS-12-23":"Sign Languages","LS-12-22":"Second Language Acquisition","LS-12-21":"Psycholinguistics","LS-12-20":"Onomastics","LS-12-19":"Neurolinguistics","LS-12-18":"Narrative Analysis","LS-12-17":"Linguistic Typology","LS-12-16":"Lexicology","LS-12-15":"Language Documentation","LS-12-14":"Language Contact","LS-12-13":"History of Linguistics","LS-12-12":"Historical Linguistics","LS-12-11":"Generative Linguistics","LS-12-10":"Functional Theories of Grammar","LS-12-09":"First Language Acquisition","LS-12-08":"Discourse Analysis","LS-12-07":"Dialectology","LS-12-06":"Contrastive Linguistics","LS-12-05":"Cognitive Linguistics","LS-12-04":"Bilingualism and Multilingualism","LS-12-02":"Anthropological Linguistics and Ethnolinguistics","LS-12-01":"General Linguistics","LS-12":"Theoretical Frameworks and Disciplines","LS-11-05":"Linguists, other","LS-11-04":"Sapir","LS-11-03":"Langacker","LS-11-02":"Jakobson","LS-11-01":"Chomsky","LS-11":"The Work of Major Linguists","LS-10-07":"Semiotics, other","LS-10-06":"Zoosemiotics","LS-10-05":"Social Semiotics","LS-10-04":"Semiotic Theory","LS-10-03":"Cultural Semiotics","LS-10-02":"Cognitive Semiotics","LS-10-01":"Biosemiotics","LS-10":"Semiotics","LS-09-08":"Syntax","LS-09-07":"Semantics","LS-09-06":"Pragmatics","LS-09-05":"Phonology","LS-09-04":"Phonetics","LS-09-03":"Morphology","LS-09-02":"Discourse","LS-09-01":"Interfaces","LS-09":"Levels of Linguistic Analysis","LS-08":"Pidgins and Creoles","LS-07-03":"Languages of the Pacific Islands, other","LS-07-02":"Papuan Languages","LS-07-01":"Austronesian Languages","LS-07":"Languages of the Pacific Islands","LS-06-04":"Languages of the Americas, other","LS-06-03":"Uto-Aztecan Languages","LS-06-02":"Algic Languages","LS-06-01":"Na-Dené Languages","LS-06":"Languages of the Americas","LS-05-06":"European Languages, other","LS-05-05":"Slavic Languages","LS-05-04":"Classical Languages, other","LS-05-03":"Latin","LS-05-02":"Greek","LS-05":"Other Languages of Europe","LS-04-03":"Australian Languages, other","LS-04-02":"Non Pama–Nyungan Languages","LS-04-01":"Pama–Nyungan Languages","LS-04":"Languages of Australia","LS-03-04":"Asian Languages, other","LS-03-03-02":"Chinese","LS-03-03-01":"Sino-Tibetan Languages, other","LS-03-03":"Sino-Tibetan Languages","LS-03-02-03":"Semitic Languages, other","LS-03-02-02":"Arabic","LS-03-02-01":"Hebrew","LS-03-02":"Semitic Languages","LS-03-01":"Japonic Languages","LS-03":"Languages of Asia","LS-02-02":"African Languages, other","LS-02-01":"Bantu Languages","LS-02":"Languages of Africa","LS-01-10":"Applied Linguistics, other","LS-01-09":"Writing Systems and Orthography","LS-01-08":"Translation Studies","LS-01-07":"Quantitative, Computational, and Corpus Linguistics","LS-01-06":"Lexicography","LS-01-05":"Language Teaching and Learning","LS-01-04":"Language Policy and Planning","LS-01-03":"Language Assessment and Testing","LS-01-02":"Forensic Linguistics","LS-01":"Applied Linguistics","LS":"Linguistics and Semiotics","LF-20":"Life Sciences, other","LF-19":"Cell Biology","LF-18":"Bionics","LF-17":"Bioinformatics","LF-16":"Anthropology","LF-15":"Behavioral Biology","LF-14":"Ecology","LF-13":"Evolutionary Biology","LF-12":"Anatomy and Physiology","LF-11":"Zoology","LF-10":"Plant Science","LF-09":"Microbiology and Virology","LF-08":"Biotechnology","LF-07":"Neurobiology","LF-06":"Human Biology","LF-05":"Developmental Biology","LF-04":"Biophysics","LF-03":"Biochemistry","LF-02":"Genetics","LF-01":"Molecular Biology","LF":"Life Sciences","LB-08":"Library and Information Science, other","LB-07":"Preservation and Restoration","LB-06":"Archives and Museums","LB-05":"Media and Press","LB-04":"Publishing and Book Trade","LB-03":"Book History","LB-02":"Information Science","LB-01":"Libraries and Library Science","LB":"Library and Information Science, Book Studies","LA-12":"Law, other","LA-11-05":"Penalty Law","LA-11-04":"Criminal Procedure Law","LA-11-03":"Criminology","LA-11-02":"Substantive Criminal Law","LA-11-01":"Criminal Law, other","LA-11":"Criminal Law","LA-10-12":"Constitutional Jurisdiction, Administrative Procedural Law","LA-10-11":"Ecclesiastical Law","LA-10-10":"Traffic Law","LA-10-09":"Energy Law","LA-10-08":"Procurement Law","LA-10-07":"Public Construction Law, Road and Water Legislation","LA-10-06":"Health Law","LA-10-05":"Tax and Accounting Law","LA-10-04":"Special Administrative Law","LA-10-03":"General Administrative Law","LA-10-02":"Constitutional Law","LA-10-01":"Public Law, other","LA-10":"Public Law","LA-09-03":"Social Court Procedure Law","LA-09-02":"Substantive Social Law, Social Administrative Procedure Law","LA-09-01":"Social Law, other","LA-09":"Social Law","LA-08-04":"Labor Court Procedure Law","LA-08-03":"Collective Labor Law","LA-08-02":"Individual Labor Law","LA-08-01":"Labor Law, other","LA-08":"Labor Law","LA-07-05":"European Law, other","LA-07-04":"European Commercial Law","LA-07-03":"European Sales Law","LA-07-02":"European Law of Succession","LA-07-01":"European Family Law","LA-07":"European Law","LA-06-07":"Fees and Costs, Attorney and Notary Public Regulation","LA-06-06":"Voluntary Jurisdiction, Real Property Registration Law","LA-06-05":"Class Actions","LA-06-04":"Insolvency Law","LA-06-03":"Enforcement Proceedings, Compulsory Sale Law","LA-06-02":"Civil Procedure Law","LA-06-01":"Law of Civil Procedure, Voluntary Jurisdiction, other","LA-06":"Law of Civil Procedure, Voluntary Jurisdiction","LA-05-03":"Competition and Antitrust Law","LA-05-02":"Patent, Trademark and Design Law","LA-05-01":"Commercial Legal Protection, other","LA-05":"Commercial Legal Protection","LA-04-07":"Copyright and Media Law, Publishing Law","LA-04-06":"Consumer Protection","LA-04-05":"Private Insurance Law","LA-04-04":"Securities Law","LA-04-03":"Corporate Law","LA-04-02":"Business Law","LA-04-01":"Commercial Law, other","LA-04":"Commercial Law","LA-03-06":"Inheritance Law","LA-03-05":"Family Law","LA-03-04":"Property Law","LA-03-03":"Law of Obligations","LA-03-02":"General Part","LA-03-01":"German Civil Code, other","LA-03":"German Civil Code","LA-02-06":"International Arbitration","LA-02-05":"Private International Law","LA-02-04":"Comparative Law","LA-02-03":"Public International Law","LA-02-02":"International Law and Foreign Law","LA-02-01":"International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law, other","LA-02":"International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law","LA-01":"History, Philosophy and Sociology of Law","LA":"Law","JS-05-04":"Jewish Culture, other","JS-05-03":"Jewish Folklore","JS-05-02":"Jewish Music","JS-05-01":"Jewish Art","JS-05":"Jewish Culture","JS-04-06":"Other Jewish Languages","JS-04-05":"Aramaic","JS-04-04":"Judeo-Arabic","JS-04-03":"Ladino, Judeo-Spanish","JS-04-02":"Yiddish, Judeo-German","JS-04-01":"Hebrew","JS-04":"Jewish Languages","JS-03-04":"Modern Jewish Literature","JS-03-03":"Reception of Jewish Texts","JS-03-02":"Early Jewish Literature","JS-03-01":"Jewish Literature, general","JS-03":"Jewish Literature","JS-02-05":"Modern Times","JS-02-04":"Middle Ages and Early Modern Times","JS-02-03":"Rabbinic Judaism","JS-02-02":"Hellenistic-Roman Era","JS-02-01":"Overviews and Introductions","JS-02":"Judaism","JS-01-08":"Holocaust","JS-01-07":"Antisemitism","JS-01-06":"German-Jewish History","JS-01-05":"Jewish Thought","JS-01-04":"Diaspora","JS-01-03":"Zionism","JS-01-02":"Israel and Palestine","JS-01-01":"General Jewish History","JS-01":"Jewish History","JS":"Jewish Studies","IC-26":"Paints, Pigments, Coatings and Dyes","IC-25":"Substances and Products","IC-24":"Polymer Science and Technology","IC-23":"Petrochemistry and Fuels","IC-22":"Pharmaceuticals","IC-21":"Food Science and Technology","IC-20":"Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnics","IC-19":"Detergenzien","IC-18":"Cellulose, Paper and Textiles","IC-17":"Agrochemicals","IC-16":"Industrial Chemistry, other","IC-14":"Safety and Risk Management","IC-11":"Process Engineering","IC-10":"Plant Design","IC-07":"Green and Sustainable Technology","IC-06":"Energy Harvesting and Conversion","IC-05":"Chemical Engineering","IC-04":"Catalysis","IC-03":"Business and Management","IC-02":"Biotechnology","IC-01":"Biochemical Engineering","IC":"Industrial Chemistry","HI-05-03-02":"Heraldry","HI-05-03-01":"Diplomatic","HI-05-03":"Auxiliary Sciences of History","HI-05-02":"Methods","HI-05-01":"Theory","HI-05":"Theories, Methods, and Auxiliary Sciences","HI-04":"Miscellaneous","HI-03-22":"Public History","HI-03-21":"Digital History","HI-03-19":"Colonial and Postcolonial History","HI-03-18":"History of Religions","HI-03-17":"Political Ideologies and Ideas","HI-03-16":"Environmental History","HI-03-15":"Cultural History","HI-03-14":"History of Knowledge","HI-03-13":"Global History","HI-03-12":"Migration History","HI-03-11":"Labour History","HI-03-10":"Gender History","HI-03-09":"Social History","HI-03-08":"History of Science","HI-03-07":"Economic History","HI-03-06":"Military History","HI-03-04":"Topics in History, other","HI-03-03":"Exile History","HI-03-02-08":"Holocaust","HI-03-02-07":"Antisemitism","HI-03-02-06":"German-Jewish History","HI-03-02-05":"Jewish Thought","HI-03-02-04":"Diaspora","HI-03-02-03":"Zionism","HI-03-02-02":"Israel and Palestine","HI-03-02-01":"Jewish History and Culture","HI-03-02":"Jewish History","HI-03-01":"Constitutional and Legal History","HI-03":"Topics in History","HI-02-08":"Asia-Pacific","HI-02-07":"Arab World","HI-02-06":"Africa","HI-02-05":"Latin America","HI-02-04-02":"Canada","HI-02-04-01":"United States of America","HI-02-04":"North America","HI-02-03-07":"South Eastern Europe","HI-02-03-06":"East Central Europe","HI-02-03-05":"General European History","HI-02-03-04":"Southern Europe","HI-02-03-03":"Northern Europe","HI-02-03-02":"Eastern Europe","HI-02-03-01":"Western Europe","HI-02-03":"Europe","HI-02-02":"Austria","HI-02-01-03":"General German History","HI-02-01-02":"Bavaria","HI-02-01-01":"Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia","HI-02-01":"Germany","HI-02":"Regional and National History","HI-01-10":"Epoch-spanning History","HI-01-09-03":"Other Topics","HI-01-09-02":"Cold War","HI-01-09-01":"East and West Germany","HI-01-09":"Contemporary History since 1945","HI-01-08-06":"Nazi Germany","HI-01-08-05":"World War II","HI-01-08-04":"Weimar Republic","HI-01-08-03":"World War I","HI-01-08-01":"Other Topics","HI-01-08":"Contemporary History until 1945","HI-01-07":"Modern History","HI-01-06":"Early Modern History","HI-01-05":"Medieval History","HI-01-04":"Byzantine Studies","HI-01-03":"Ancient History","HI-01-02":"Germanic History","HI-01-01":"Pre-History","HI-01":"Historical Periods","HI":"History","GS-08":"Geosciences, other","GS-07":"Remote Sensing","GS-06":"Geology and Mineralogy","GS-05":"Geophysics","GS-04":"Atmospheric Science and Climatology","GS-03":"Cartography and Photogrammetry","GS-02":"Geography","GS-01":"Geodesy","GS":"Geosciences","GL":"General Interest","EN-05-05":"Environmental Engineering","EN-05-04":"Energy Engineering","EN-05-03":"Materials","EN-05-02":"Soil Engineering","EN-05-01":"Hydrology","EN-05":"Civil Engineering","EN-04-11":"Bionanotechnology","EN-04-10":"Medical Devices","EN-04-09":"Medical Robotics and Surgery","EN-04-08":"Medical Imaging and Radiology","EN-04-07":"Biomechanics","EN-04-06":"Nanomedicine","EN-04-05":"Cellular and Tissue Engineering","EN-04-04":"BioMEMS","EN-04-03":"Biomaterials","EN-04-02":"Biotechnology","EN-04-01":"Biomedical Electronics","EN-04":"Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering","EN-03-12":"Materials Engineering","EN-03-11":"Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics","EN-03-10":"Safety","EN-03-09":"Fluid mechanics","EN-03-08":"Process Engineering and Industrial Engineering","EN-03-07":"Mechatronics and Automotive","EN-03-06":"Tools and Methods","EN-03-05":"Energy Engineering","EN-03-04":"Production Technology","EN-03-03":"Thermodynamics","EN-03-02":"Mechanics","EN-03-01":"Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering","EN-03":"Mechanical Engineering","EN-02-12":"Microtechnologies","EN-02-11":"Sensor Technology","EN-02-10":"Robotics","EN-02-08":"Signal Processing","EN-02-07":"Energy Engineering","EN-02-06":"Information Technology","EN-02-05":"Circuits","EN-02-04":"Electronics","EN-02-03":"Control Engineering, Metrology and Testing","EN-02-02":"Automation","EN-02-01":"Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering","EN-02":"Electrical Engineering","EN-01-03":"Basics and Tools","EN-01-02":"History of Engineering","EN-01-01":"Engineering, other","EN-01":"Introductions and Overviews","EN":"Engineering","EC-05":"Finance","EC-04":"Key Competences in Scholarly Research","EC-03-03":"Econometrics","EC-03-02":"Statitistics","EC-03-01":"Mathematics","EC-03":"Mathematics and Statistics for Economists","EC-02-13":"Business Law","EC-02-12-05":"Process Management","EC-02-12-04":"Internet Economy","EC-02-12-03":"Information and Communications Sytems","EC-02-12-02":"Information Management","EC-02-12-01":"Business Intelligence","EC-02-12":"Business Informatics","EC-02-11-18":"Consulting, Inhouse-Consulting, Internal Audit","EC-02-11-17":"Cultural Management","EC-02-11-16":"Environmental Management","EC-02-11-15":"Public Sector, Public Private Partnerships, Public Administration","EC-02-11-14":"Small and Medium-Sized Companies (SMU), Small Businesses, Startups","EC-02-11-13":"Non Profit Organizations (NPO), Foundations, Charities, Associations","EC-02-11-12":"Transportation, Logistics, Air Traffic, Shipping","EC-02-11-11":"Automobile Industry","EC-02-11-10":"Energy Industry","EC-02-11-09":"Retail, Service Industry, Skilled Crafts and Trades","EC-02-11-08":"Agribusiness, Food Industry","EC-02-11-07":"Health Care","EC-02-11-06":"Real Estate","EC-02-11-05":"Banks, Financial Service Provider, Insurers","EC-02-11-04":"Entertainment Industry, Media, Publishing Companies","EC-02-11-03":"Sports","EC-02-11-02":"Event Industry, Leisure Industry","EC-02-11-01":"Tourism, Hospitality, Travel","EC-02-11":"Industries","EC-02-10":"Business Management, other","EC-02-09":"Business Communication, Business Etiquette","EC-02-08":"Human Resources, Labor Practice, Job and Career","EC-02-07":"Entrepreneurship","EC-02-06":"Business Development, Change Management, Cooperation","EC-02-05":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Compliance Management, Businessn Ethics","EC-02-04":"Management, Organization, Corporate Governance","EC-02-03":"Marketing, Sales, Customer Relations","EC-02-02":"Financial Reporting, Group Accounting, Accounting and Balancing","EC-02-01":"Management Accounting, Financial Controlling, Cost Calculation, Investment","EC-02":"Business Management","EC-01-07":"Political Economics, other","EC-01-06":"History of Economics","EC-01-05":"Economic Policy","EC-01-04":"Public Finance and Fiscal Theory","EC-01-03":"Macroecomics","EC-01-02":"Microeconomics","EC-01-01":"Economic Theory, Systems and Structures","EC-01":"Political Economics","EC":"Business and Economics","CS-06":"General Cultural Studies","CS-05":"History of Cultural Studies","CS-04-13":"Other Topics","CS-04-12":"Human-Animal Studies","CS-04-11":"Aging Studies","CS-04-08":"Postcolonial Studies","CS-04-07":"Religion","CS-04-06":"Memory","CS-04-05":"Emotions","CS-04-04":"Popular Culture","CS-04-03":"Society","CS-04-02":"Media","CS-04-01":"Gender","CS-04":"Topics in Cultural Studies","CS-03-06":"Semiotics","CS-03-05":"Theories of Society","CS-03-04":"Political Theory","CS-03-03":"Media Theory","CS-03-02":"Gender Theory","CS-03-01":"General Cultural Theory","CS-03":"Cultural Theory","CS-02-09":"Other Genres and Media","CS-02-08":"Digital Media and Communication","CS-02-07":"Book","CS-02-06":"Visual Arts, Photography","CS-02-05":"Music","CS-02-04":"Film","CS-02-03":"Dance","CS-02-02":"Drama, Theater","CS-02-01":"General Genre and Media Studies","CS-02":"Genres and Media in Cultural Studies","CS-01-03":"Media Aesthetics","CS-01-02":"Media History","CS-01-01":"Media Theory","CS-01":"Media Studies","CS":"Cultural Studies","CO-25":"Human-Machine Interaction","CO-24":"Networking","CO-23":"Graphics/Sound/Video","CO-22":"Computer Sciences in Natural Sciences","CO-21":"Computer Sciences in Medicine and Life Sciences","CO-20":"Computer Sciences in the Humanities","CO-19":"Computer Sciences in Industry","CO-18":"Computer Sciences, other","CO-17":"Bioinformatics","CO-16":"Business Computing","CO-15":"Operating Systems","CO-14":"Computer Sciences and Media","CO-12":"Databases and Data Mining","CO-11":"IT-Security and Cryptology","CO-10":"Software Development","CO-09":"Algorithms","CO-08":"Programming and Languages","CO-07":"Computer Architecture","CO-06":"Project Management","CO-05":"Information Technology","CO-04":"Theoretical Computer Sciences","CO-03":"Artificial Intelligence","CO-02":"History of Computer Sciences","CO-01":"Fundamentals of Computer Sciences","CO":"Computer Sciences","CL-05":"Classical Studies, other","CL-04":"Egyptology","CL-03":"Byzantine Studies","CL-02":"Ancient Near Eastern Studies","CL-01-11":"Ancient Philosophy","CL-01-10":"Early Christianity","CL-01-09":"Ancient Religion","CL-01-08":"Epigraphy","CL-01-07":"Papyrology","CL-01-06":"Classical Tradition and Reception","CL-01-05":"Classical Archaeology","CL-01-04":"Ancient History","CL-01-03":"Ancient Science and Medicine","CL-01-02-02":"Latin Language and Literature","CL-01-02-01":"Latin Authors","CL-01-02":"Latin","CL-01-01-02":"Greek Language and Literature","CL-01-01-01":"Greek Authors","CL-01-01":"Greek","CL-01":"Classical Studies","CL":"Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies","CH-26":"Chemistry, other","CH-25":"Toxicology","CH-23":"Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling","CH-22":"Theoretical and Quantum Chemistry","CH-20":"Spectroscopy","CH-19":"Electrochemistry","CH-17":"Physical Chemistry","CH-16":"Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry","CH-15":"Macromolecular Chemistry","CH-14":"Catalysis","CH-12":"Organic Chemistry","CH-11":"Nuclear Chemistry","CH-10":"Solid State Chemistry","CH-08":"Coordination Chemistry","CH-06":"Inorganic Chemistry","CH-05":"Sustainable and Green Chemistry","CH-03":"Environmental Chemistry","CH-02":"Biochemistry","CH-01":"Analytical Chemistry","CH":"Chemistry","AR-12":"Antiques and Collectibles","AR-11-16":"Thuringia","AR-11-15":"Schleswig-Holstein","AR-11-14":"Saxony-Anhalt","AR-11-13":"Saxony","AR-11-12":"Saarland","AR-11-11":"Rhineland-Palatinate","AR-11-10":"North Rhine-Westphalia","AR-11-09":"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern","AR-11-08":"Lower Saxony","AR-11-07":"Hesse","AR-11-06":"Hamburg","AR-11-05":"Bremen","AR-11-04":"Brandenburg","AR-11-03":"Berlin","AR-11-02":"Bavaria","AR-11-01":"Baden-Württemberg","AR-11":"Art Guides","AR-10":"Conservation, Preservation, Restauration","AR-09":"Dehio","AR-08":"Exhibition Catalogues","AR-07":"History of Art History","AR-06":"Art Market and Provenance Research","AR-05":"Museums and Collections","AR-04-06":"21st Century","AR-04-05":"20th Century","AR-04-04":"19th Century","AR-04-03":"18th Century","AR-04-02":"16th-17th Century","AR-04-01":"8th-15th Century","AR-04":"Periods","AR-03-06":"Genres, other","AR-03-05":"Applied Arts","AR-03-04":"Graphic Arts","AR-03-03":"Photography","AR-03-02":"Sculpture","AR-03-01":"Painting","AR-03":"Genres","AR-02":"Art Theory","AR-01":"Arts, general","AR":"Arts","AD-04":"Architecture and Design, other","AD-03-04":"Studies, Professional Practice","AD-03-03":"Graphics, Communication","AD-03-02":"Product Design, Interiors, Materials","AD-03-01":"Designers","AD-03":"Design","AD-02-04":"Studies, Professional Practice","AD-02-03":"Construction, Materials","AD-02-02":"Gardens, Landscapes","AD-02-01":"Landscape Architects","AD-02":"Landscape Architecture","AD-01-10-03":"Conservation, Preservation, Restauration","AD-01-10-02":"Dehio","AD-01-10-01":"History, general","AD-01-10":"History","AD-01-09":"Theory","AD-01-08":"Professional Practice","AD-01-07":"Studies","AD-01-06":"Urbanism","AD-01-05":"Cities, Regions","AD-01-04":"Types, Functions","AD-01-03":"Materials","AD-01-02":"Construction","AD-01-01":"Architects, Buildings","AD-01":"Architecture","AD":"Architecture and Design","VIEW OUR OTHER CONTENT":"VIEW OUR OTHER CONTENT","contentRemoved":"This content has been removed from our database.","whyThisMessage":"Why am I getting this message?","sorryPageNoLongerExists":"We are sorry to inform you that this page no longer exists.","Page not found":"Page not found","Authenticated with":"Authenticated with","Authorizing":"Authorizing","Recommended Articles":"Recommended Articles","Clear All Filters":"Clear All Filters","/mli-learn-more":"/publishers#PROFESSIONAL","MLI Learn more":"Learn more","WeRepresentMLI":"Visit our collection of Professional Books","ADDITIONAL SERVICES":"ADDITIONAL SERVICES","WHITE LABEL PUBLISHING HOUSE":"WHITE LABEL PUBLISHING HOUSE","JOURNALS":"JOURNALS","Book Series Subjects":"Book Series Subjects","Tables":"Tables","De Gruyter company":"De Gruyter company","Sciendo is a":"Sciendo is a","and":"and","Cite":"Cite","Journal Details":"Journal Details","Administration":"Administration","Production":"Production","Marketing":"Marketing","Customer Service":"Customer Service","Sales":"Sales","Management":"Management","Keywords":"Keywords","Journal Subjects":"Journal Subjects","Theology and Religion":"Theology and Religion","Sports and Recreation":"Sports and Recreation","Social Sciences":"Social Sciences","Business and Economics":"Business and Economics","Physics":"Physics","Philosophy":"Philosophy","Pharmacy":"Pharmacy","Music":"Music","Medicine":"Medicine","Mathematics":"Mathematics","Materials Sciences":"Materials Sciences","Literary Studies":"Literary Studies","Linguistics and Semiotics":"Linguistics and Semiotics","Life Sciences":"Life Sciences","Library and Information Science, Book Studies":"Library and Information Science, Book Studies","Law":"Law","Jewish Studies":"Jewish Studies","Industrial Chemistry":"Industrial Chemistry","History":"History","Geosciences":"Geosciences","General Interest":"General Interest","Engineering":"Engineering","Cultural Studies":"Cultural Studies","Computer Sciences":"Computer Sciences","Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies":"Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies","Chemistry":"Chemistry","Arts":"Arts","Architecture and Design":"Architecture and Design","Polish":"Polish","conference":"conference","Book":"Book","book":"book","chapter":"chapter","journal":"journal","article":"article","Language":"Language","Date":"Date","Subject":"Subject","Type":"Type","premier":"Premier","classic":"Classic","standard":"Standard","home.title.old":"Your publishing needs met","Authorizing Your Request":"Authorizing Your Request","Terms of Service":"Terms of Service","RSS Feed":"RSS Feed","Show More":"Show More","titles":"titles","Browse all":"Browse all","New Titles":"New Titles","All":"All","Apply":"Apply","Clear":"Clear","Results":"Results","results":"results","of":"of","Publishing and Ethical Policies":"Publishing and Ethical Policies","publish_solution":"Publishing solutions for Journals,\u003c1\u003e\u003c/1\u003eBooks and Conference proceedings","Privacy Policy":"Privacy Policy","Load More":"Load More","News":"Blog","No Result Found!":"No Result Found!","Other news articles":"Other news articles","Editor-in-Chief":"Editor-in-Chief","Journal Information":"Journal Information","Journal RSS Feed":"Journal RSS Feed","Cite Score":"CiteScore","Five Year Impact Factor":"Five Year Impact Factor","Impact Factor":"Impact Factor","Submit":"Submit","Most\u003cbr/\u003eDownloaded":"Most\u003cbr/\u003eDownloaded","Most Downloaded":"Most Downloaded","Top\u003cbr/\u003eCited":"Top\u003cbr/\u003eCited","Top Cited":"Top Cited","Newest\u003cbr/\u003eArticles":"Newest\u003cbr/\u003eArticles","Newest Articles":"Newest Articles","Featured\u003cbr/\u003eArticles":"Featured\u003cbr/\u003eArticles","Featured Articles":"Featured Articles","Abstracting \u0026 Indexing":"Abstracting \u0026 Indexing","Indexing":"Indexing","Editorial":"Editorial","Editorial Board":"Editorial Board","Aim \u0026 Scope":"Aim \u0026 Scope","Aims \u0026 Scope":"Aims \u0026 Scope","How to Submit":"How to Submit","Metrics":"Metrics","Details, Metrics \u0026 Owners":"Details, Metrics \u0026 Owners","Issues":"Issues","Download Cover":"Download Cover","Sort By":"Sort By","filter:Publication Type:Article":"Articles","Articles":"Articles","Top Articles":"Top Articles","Search Within The Issue":"Search Within The Issue","Publication timeframe":"Publication timeframe","How can we help you?":"How can we help you?","Published Online on":"Published Online on","alreadyPurchasedLogIn":"Have you already purchased this book? Please log in to access your content.","chapterRequiresAuthentication":"This chapter requires authentication","PREVIEW NOT AVAILABLE":"PREVIEW NOT AVAILABLE","Requires Authentication":"Requires Authentication","in the book":"in the book","Next Chapter":"Next Chapter","Previous Chapter":"Previous Chapter","Chapter":"Chapter","Download ePub":"Download ePub","Download Book PDF":"Download Book PDF","Download Chapter PDF":"Download Chapter PDF","People Also Read":"People Also Read","Companion\u003cbr/\u003eFiles":"Companion\u003cbr/\u003eFiles","Companion Files":"Companion Files","Table of\u003cbr/\u003eContents":"Table of\u003cbr/\u003eContents","Table of Contents":"Table of Contents","Authors":"Authors","PaperBack":"PaperBack","Softcover":"Softcover","Illustration":"Illustration","Pages":"Pages","Recommended articles from Trend MD":"Recommended articles from TrendMD","Accepted":"Accepted","Recieved":"Received","About this article":"About this article","Next Article":"Next Article","Previous Article":"Previous Article","Recent Articles":"Recent Articles","Related Materials":"Related Materials","Supplementary Material Details":"Supplementary Material Details","Supplement":"Supplement","Search in Google Scholar":"Search in Google Scholar","Open DOI":"Open DOI","References":"References","Figures \u0026 Tables":"Figures \u0026 Tables","Article":"Article","PDF Preview":"PDF Preview","Preview":"Preview","Journal \u0026 Issue Details":"Journal \u0026 Issue Details","time per year":"time per year","times per year":"times per year","Volume Open":"Volume Open","Journal":"Journal","Conference":"Conference","Overview":"Overview","Description":"Description","Details \u0026 Formats":"Details \u0026 Formats","books in this series":"books in this series","series":"series","filter:Publication Type:Series":"Series","Series":"Series","Book Subjects":"Book Subjects","Book Keywords":"Book Keywords","Book\u003cbr/\u003eDetails":"Book\u003cbr/\u003eDetails","Book Details":"Book Details","Edition":"Edition","First Published":"First Published","Details":"Details","All Categories":"All Categories","Categories":"Categories","Preview not available":"Preview not available","More":"More","Logout":"Logout","Search for a journal, book, proceeding or author…":"Search for a journal, book, proceeding or author...","Spanish":"Spanish","French":"French","Italian":"Italian","German":"German","English":"English","Read more":"Read more","Highlight articles":"Highlight articles","articleAbstract":"Abstract","Abstract":"Abstract","Article Preview":"Article Preview","Download PDF":"Download PDF","No results found":"No results found","pageRange":"Page range:","Previous Issue":"Previous Issue","Next Issue":"Next Issue","Volumes\u003cbr/\u003e\u0026 Issues":"Volumes\u003cbr/\u003e \u0026 Issues","Volumes \u0026 Issues":"Volumes \u0026 Issues","Issue":"Issue","Volumes":"Volumes","Volume":"Volume","Published Online":"Published Online","Published":"Published","publishingAndEthicalPolicies":"Publishing and Ethical Policies","footer_us_canada":"US \u0026 Canada","footer_worldwide":"Worldwide","footer_deGruyter":"Sciendo is a De Gruyter Brill company","Previous":"Previous","Find out more":"Find out more","Plan your remote conference with Sciendo":"Plan your remote conference with Sciendo","Next":"Next","Author":"Author","Orcid profile":"Orcid profile","share":"Share","Save to Bookshelf":"Save to Bookshelf","Bookmark":"Bookmark","Undo":"Undo","Save":"Save","Deleted Bookmark":"Deleted Bookmark","Deleted Bookshelf":"Deleted Bookshelf","forAuthors":"For Authors","Additional Material":"Additional Material","Formats":"Formats","Downloading. Please Wait.":"Downloading... Please Wait.","Loading articles":"Loading articles","Download":"Download","ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager":"ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager","Copy to clipboard":"Copy to clipboard","Copied":"Copied","Alerts":"Alerts","Buy Print":"Order here","Add to cart":"Add to cart","December":"December","November":"November","October":"October","September":"September","August":"August","July":"July","June":"June","May":"May","April":"April","March":"March","February":"February","January":"January","All Volumes and Issues in this Journal":"All Volumes and Issues in this Journal","Articles in this Issue":"Articles in this Issue","Search Within Series":"Search Within Series","Search Within Books":"Search Within Books","Search Within the Volume":"Search Within the Volume","Search Within the Journal":"Search Within the Journal","Search Within the Issue":"Search Within the Issue","Search Within the Conference":"Search Within the Conference","Search this Publisher":"Search this Publisher","Journal \u0026 Issues":"Journal \u0026 Issues","Conference \u0026 Issues":"Conference \u0026 Issues","Journal Owners":"Journal Owners","Conference Owners":"Conference Owners","gsh5median":"Google Scholar h5-median","gsh5index":"Google Scholar h5-index","indexCopernicus":"Index Copernicus","icv":"ICV","mcq":"MCQ","mein":"MNiSW","snip":"SNIP","sjr":"SJR","citeScore":"CiteScore","jci":"JCI","fiveYearImpactFactor":"Five Year Impact Factor","impactFactor":"Impact Factor","Journal Metrics":"Journal Metrics","Conference Metrics":"Conference Metrics","Accessible":"Accessible","Conference Subjects":"Conference Subjects","Conference Keywords":"Conference Keywords","ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE MODEL":"ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE MODEL","CONFERENCES SERVICES":"CONFERENCES SERVICES","FULL PUBLISHING SERVICES":"FULL PUBLISHING SERVICES","SELF-PUBLISHING":"SELF-PUBLISHING","BOOKS":"BOOKS","Sort By Page No":"Page Number","Sort By Publish Date":"Sort By Publish Date","Sort By Title":"Sort By Title","Results Per Page":"Results Per Page","filters":"Filters","filterBy":"Filter By","Title (Z \u003e A)":"Title (Z \u003e A)","Title (A \u003e Z)":"Title (A \u003e Z)","Publish Date (New \u003e Old)":"Publish Date (New \u003e Old)","Publish Date (Old \u003e New)":"Publish Date (Old \u003e New)","Relevancy":"Relevancy","sortedBy":"Sorted By","sortBy":"Sort By","contentAndBookIndexing":"Content and book indexing","printOnDemand":"Print on demand and delivery","ePubVersion":"ePub version","bookLayout":"Book layout, cover design","accountManagement":"Account management","consulting":"Consulting","marketingExtraPackage":"Marketing Extra Package","contentAndJournalIndexing":"Content and journal indexing","copyediting":"Copyediting (heavy edit)","XMLpublication":"Fulltext XML publication","onlineSubmissionSystem":"Online submission system","hostingPlatform":"Hosting platform","aboutUs":"About","cart":"Cart","about":"About","The VAT number is invalid":"The VAT number is invalid","Company name":"Company name","The VAT number is valid":"The VAT number is valid","Enter VAT number":"Enter VAT number","VAT number (optional)":"VAT number (optional)","I agree to the":"I agree to the","existingUsersCheckout":"Please use your registered email at checkout. This ensures access to your purchased content and the history of previous orders, as all content is linked to the provided email address.","Existing Users":"Existing Users","newUsersCheckout":"During checkout, an account will be automatically created to secure your order history and ensure access to purchased content.","New Users":"New Users","createAccount":"Create Account","signOut":"Sign Out","profile":"Profile","news":"Blog","selectedJournalAndBooks":"\u003c0\u003eSelected journals and books\u003c/0\u003e","selectedJournalAndBook":"Selected journals and books","subjects":"Subjects","contact":"Contact","privacy":"Privacy","terms":"Terms","login":"Login","contacts":"Contact","latestArticles":"Latest Articles","latestNews":"Latest Articles","home":"Home","Search":"Search","Copyright":"Copyright","publicationTimeframe":"Publication timeframe","firstPublished":"First Published","Format":"Format","Publisher":"Publisher","ourPartners":"Our partners:","ourBrochures":"Our Brochures","cookiePolicy":"Cookie Policy","cookie.seo.description":"Cookies are small text files that a website stores on your computer or mobile device when you visit the website. These text files allow a website to remember your preferences between pages or visits.","cookie.seo.pagetitle":"Cookie Policy | Sciendo","aboutSciendo":"About Sciendo","Redirecting":"Redirecting","Processing Password Reset Request":"Processing Password Reset Request","Reset Password":"Reset Password","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Enter your last name":"Enter your last name","Enter your first name":"Enter your first name","Please fill all the fields correctly":"Please fill all the fields correctly","FollowTheEmailInstructions":". Please follow the instructions in this email to activate your account. You then need to choose a password to complete the setup of your account.","ThankYouForRegistering":"Thank you for registering with Sciendo. An activation email will be sent to","RegistrationFailed":"Registration Failed! Please contact support.","RegistrationError":"An error occurred while registering. Please contact support.","Last Name":"Last Name","First Name":"First Name","AcceptTermsOfService":"You must accept the 'Terms of Service' to register an account","I have read and agree to the":"I have read and agree to the","WhyRegisterOnSciendo":"To start enjoying our extensive content selection and make purchases, please register as a user. Registration allows you to access content specifically configured for your email address","Register on Sciendo":"Register on Sciendo","Register":"Register","Your cart is empty":"Your cart is empty","items in your order":"items in your order","item in your order":"item in your order","Subtotal":"Subtotal","Remove":"Remove","Proceed to Checkout":"Proceed to Checkout","get in touch with us":"Get In Touch With Us","ForAdditionalInformation":"For Additional Information and Professional Consultation, ","Shipping and taxes at checkout":"Shipping and taxes are calculated at checkout","Qty":"Qty","Order Summary":"Order Summary","Your Order":"Your Order","Cart":"Cart","InNeedOfAProfessionalCover2":".","graphic design solutions":"graphic design solutions","InNeedOfAProfessionalCover1":"For publications in need of a professional cover, Sciendo also provides the","Cover Design":"Cover Design","OnDemandWePrintPublications":"On-demand, we print publications, and supply them to subscribing libraries and individuals. You specify the number of copies and distribution requirements. We also offer the option of creating the print files on your behalf, if you require support from our experienced typesetters.","Print On-Demand":"Print On-Demand","SciendoOffersPrintingServices":"Sciendo offers printing services for all the publications available on its platform.","PrintOnDemand":"Sciendo provides print-on-demand services for all publications available on the platform. We can also create print files upon request.","printingservices.seo.description":"Maximize the impact of your title with Sciendo's comprehensive printing services. Take the next step in producing high-quality academic publications.","printingservices.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Professional Printing Solutions. Partner with us Today","Printing Services":"Printing Services","PreparePressThatWePost":"To showcase the research findings published in your journal \n or promote the newly published book, we prepare press that we post on the dedicated news media outlets and newswire services.","PR activities":"PR activities","RepeatedReminders":"Repeated reminders allow maximum exposure reinforcing the image of your publication.","EngageTheTargetedGroup":"We engage the targeted group of researchers through the most popular social media channels.","Social media engagement":"Social media engagement","ProvideProfessionalCalls":"We provide professional calls for papers, book or conference announcements addressed to a global audience.","CarryVariousMailingCampaigns":"We are able to carry various mailing campaigns to promote your academic work among targeted groups of potential readers \n and authors.","E-mail campaigns":"E-mail campaigns","AdditionalMarketingServices":"Sciendo offers a wide range of additional marketing services that can enhance the visibility of your journal, book or conference proceedings.","ReachAGlobalVisibility":"In order to reach a global visibility, boost citations and gain recognition, even the publication on a professional publishing platform may not be sufficient.","MarketingActivities":"Our marketing activities reach potential authors and readers, promote publications online and help to increase their visibility","marketing.seo.description":"Discover Sciendo's comprehensive marketing solutions for scholarly publications. Take your research to a wider audience and boost your impact.","marketing.seo.pagetitle":"Maximize Exposure with Sciendo's Marketing Services","Professional Marketing":"Professional Marketing","CreatePromotionalFlyers":"If you would like to further advertise your journal during different conferences and workshops, we are also ready to create promotional \u003cstrong\u003eflyers\u003c/strong\u003e.","ExperiencedGraphicDesigners":"Our experienced graphic designers will design a \u003cstrong\u003ecover\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003elayout\u003c/strong\u003e to reflect the unique style and character of your journal, book or conference proceedings.","ImproveTheLookAndVisibility":"In addition to services related directly to the publication process and editorial, Sciendo can help you to improve the look and visibility of your publication.","OurDesignersCanHelp":"Our designers can help to enhance your content by preparing cover and layout designs, reflecting your publication's unique style","graphicdesign.seo.description":"Unlock the potential of your publication with Sciendo's expert graphic design services. Maximize the impact with captivating covers and layouts!","graphicdesign.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Creative Design Solutions: Elevate Your Publishing","Graphic Design Services":"Graphic Design Services","The APC (Article Processing Charge)":"The APC (Article Processing Charge)","EditorsAndAuthorsLookingToSaveTime":"For those editors and authors looking to save time when formatting the bibliography and citations, we offer \u003cstrong\u003eEdifix\u003c/strong\u003e, professional bibliographic reference management.","ProductionTrackingSystem":"The production tracking system, \u003cstrong\u003eProduXion Manager \n by Aries Systems\u003c/strong\u003e, allows to control at what production stage \n your publication is and on what our editor is currently working.","EnhanceManuscriptManagement":"enhance manuscript management. Editors are able to verify and approve texts, send them for reviews, define reminders and flag particular papers directly in the system.","The online submission systems":"The online submission systems","WeOfferAChoiceOfTop":"We offer a choice of top market solutions - \u003cstrong\u003eEditorial Manager\u003c/strong\u003e by Aries Systems and \u003cstrong\u003eScholar1\u003c/strong\u003e by Clarivate","SciendoDeliversTopOnlineSystems":"Sciendo delivers top online systems therein enabling the smooth and efficient publishing process of books, journals and conference proceedings.","SciendoProvidesOnlinePlatforms":"Sciendo provides online platforms to manage submissions, production processes, bibliography, APC collection and more","onlinesystems.seo.description":"Experience seamless submission management with Sciendo's online systems. Streamline the process and enhance your publishing experience!","onlinesystems.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Effortless Submission and Peer-review Process","Online Systems":"Online Systems","and create metadata.":"and create metadata.","XML":"XML","AddNecessaryGraphics":"We can add necessary graphics to the text, insert DOI and ISBN identifiers, check and format references and convert the files into standard formats such as","editorial-proofreading":"Proofreading","editorial-typesetting":"Typesetting","editorial-copyediting":"Copyediting","editorial-language-editing":"Language Editing","Our services include":"Our services include:","ProfessionalEditorialServices":"We deliver professional editorial services to prepare your academic journal, book or conference proceedings for online publication and print.","WePrepareTheManuscripts":"We prepare the manuscripts for online publication by applying language corrections, formatting, typesetting and proofreading","editorialservices.seo.description":"Enhance your research impact with Sciendo's comprehensive editorial services. Discover how we can elevate your publishing journey","editorialservices.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Transform Your Research With Our Editorial Solutions","Editorial services":"Editorial Services","ProductionSolutionsCanAssist":"Check how Sciendo's editorial and production solutions can assist you in achieving those goals","AccelerateYourEditorial":"Looking for a way to accelerate your editorial work and shape up your research?","Opt-In Services":"Opt-In Services","SimilarityCheckIsAnIthenticate":"Similarity Check is an iThenticate system provided by Crossref to the members of their organization.","ScreeningSoftware":"screening software to all the journals and conference proceedings we cooperate with.","Similarity Check":"Similarity Check","PapersArePlagiarismFree":"To ensure that submitted papers are plagiarism-free Sciendo delivers the","PlagiarismASeriousOffence":"Plagiarism is considered a serious offence in academic and professional settings. Not only does plagiarism violate basic ethical standards, but may also lead to legal consequences.","ProfessionalPlagiarismScreeningTool":"Sciendo provides a professional plagiarism screening tool to ensure the authenticity of the submitted manuscripts","plagiarismcheck.seo.description":"We provide plagiarism screening software to maintain the integrity of all published titles. Partner with us today and maximize the quality of your content!","plagiarismcheck.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Ensuring Originality of the Submitted Manuscripts","Plagiarism Check":"Plagiarism Check","PorticoOurArchivingProvider":"our archiving provider, journal articles, books and conference materials are safely stored on the external servers and backed up to ensure they remain available over the long term.","Portico":"Portico","Thanks to our cooperation with":"Thanks to our cooperation with","YourContentIsAlwaysPreserved":"As a scholarly publisher, we make sure that your content is always preserved.","BackUpAndStare":"We back up and stare the publications safely on external servers to ensure long term availability","longterm.seo.description":"Sciendo provides long-term archiving services to ensure the longevity of all published titles. Partner with us and preserve your work today!","longterm.seo.pagetitle":"Secure Your Academic Content with Sciendo's Services","Long-Term Preservation":"Long-Term Preservation","OurSpecialistsWillHelp":"Our Specialists will help your publication to get approved for coverage and increase its discoverability, boosting citations and international attention.","MostOfTheseIndexesHave":"As most of these indexes have their own requirements regarding academic content, Sciendo has developed tools to pre-evaluate publications to assess whether they qualify for applications.","WorkAlsoWithNumerousThematicIndexes":"We work also with numerous thematic indexes, such as \u003cstrong\u003eMathematical Reviews, RePEc\u003c/strong\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003eAPA PsycInfo\u003c/strong\u003e.","Google Scholar":"Google Scholar","DOAJ":"DOAJ","PubMed Central and Medline":"PubMed Central and Medline","Scopus":"Scopus","Clarivate":"Clarivate","SciendoCooperatesWithIndexingServices":"Sciendo cooperates with all the major Abstracting \u0026 Indexing service providers including:","MakeItSearchableAndFindable":"If you want your academic book, journal or proceedings to gain the recognition and become successful, it is essential to make it searchable and findable to readers.","CooperateWithIndexingServices":"Sciendo cooperates with abstracting and indexing services around the world to increase the discoverability of your publication","abstracting.seo.description":"Maximize the exposure of your publication with our abstracting and indexing support. Get indexed and expand your research's reach. Learn more now!","abstracting.seo.pagetitle":"Enhance Discoverability with Sciendo's Indexing Solutions","Abstractinglndexing":"Abstracting \u0026 lndexing","DeliverTheContentToLibraries":"Our platform delivers the content to libraries and discovery services worldwide","SupportIssnRegistration":"We provide support in \u003cstrong\u003eISSN registration\u003c/strong\u003e to serial publications (journals, book series or proceeding series) and\u003cstrong\u003e ISBN registration\u003c/strong\u003e (to books and single proceedings volumes).","PublishTheAcademicContent":"We publish the academic content, and make sure that it reaches a global audience.","globaldistribution.seo.description":"Maximize the visibility of your research with Sciendo's publishing expertise. Publish with us and gain exposure to a global audience!","globaldistribution.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Transform Your Research and Gain Maximum Exposure","Global Distribution":"Global Distribution","Publishers":"Publishers","PUBLISHERS-ALL":"ALL","PUBLISHERS-ACADEMIC":"ACADEMIC","PUBLISHERS-PROFESSIONAL":"PROFESSIONAL","Search Publishers":"Search Publishers","Publishers we work with":"Publishers we work with","ProfessionalBooksBrochure_Link":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/25134101/Sciendo-Professional-Book-Distribution.pdf","ProfessionalBooks-BannerUrl":"/publishers#PROFESSIONAL","ProfessionalBooks-BannerButton":"View Our Partners","ProfessionalBooks-Banner":"We Collaborate with Leading Professional Book Publishers","ProfessionalBooks-SecureYourContent-Details":"Secure the longevity of your valuable content with our long-term preservation services","ProfessionalBooks-SecureYourContent":"Secure Your Content","ProfessionalBooks-CuttingEdgeTechnology-Details":"Benefit from our advanced publishing platform, designed to facilitate IP verification for institutional users, and enable direct sales, allowing non-affiliated individuals to directly make purchases","ProfessionalBooks-CuttingEdgeTechnology":"Cutting-Edge Technology","ProfessionalBooks-MaximizeProfits-Details":"Enjoy a 60% revenue share on all sales. At Sciendo, we prioritize your financial success, fostering a rewarding partnership for professional publishers","ProfessionalBooks-MaximizeProfits":"Maximize Profits","ProfessionalBooks-Visibility-Details":"Have your books showcased in formats that best meet library requirements, from complete front lists to curated subject collections","ProfessionalBooks-Visibility":"Tailored Exposure","ProfessionalBooks-GlobalReach-Details":"Sell your digital content in collections to libraries worldwide and reach a diverse audience","ProfessionalBooks-GlobalReach":"Global Reach","ProfessionalBooks-Benefits":"Why Partner with Sciendo?","ProfessionalBooksIntro":"Sciendo revolutionizes access to professional knowledge by selling\r\n collections of digital books directly to academic, public, and corporate\r\n libraries across the globe.\r\n Specializing in the distribution of entire front lists, curated subject\r\n packages, and individual titles, we address the growing demand for skillbased\r\n resources","Professional Books":"Professional Books Distribution","professional-books.seo.description":"","professional-books.seo.pagetitle":"","FindOutMoreOnHowWePublish":"Find out more on how we publish various academic publications","VersionToAllowTheReaders":"version to allow readers to buy a hard copy.","print-on-demand":"print-on-demand","MobiAndEpubFilesForBooks":"\u003cstrong\u003eMobi\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eePub\u003c/strong\u003e files for books","XML articles for journals":"XML articles for journals","full-text":"full-text","ForThoseAuthorsAndEditors":"For those authors and editors that would like to bring their publication to the next level we offer also additional publication formats, such as:","Crossref":"Crossref","that we register at our partner,":"that we register at our partner,","DOI identifiers":"DOI identifiers","For every publication that we release on our platform we provide":"For every publication that we release on our platform we provide","ServicesTailoredSpecificallyToTheNeedsOfElectronicPublications":"If you want to publish and distribute your academic book, journal or proceedings online, you can benefit from the range of services tailored specifically to the needs of electronic publications.","WeAssignDoiNumbers":"We assign DOI numbers to your publication, provide support in ISSN and ISBN registration and prepare XML metadata","solutionselectronic.seo.description":"Transform your electronic content with Sciendo's comprehensive publishing services. Enhance its visibility and global reach. Explore our services today!","solutionselectronic.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Your Electronic Publishing Partner","Solutions for Electronic Content":"Solutions for Electronic Content","EssentialServices":"Essential services available to all types of publications at no extra cost","Standard Services":"Standard Services","Overview of Services":"Overview of Services","PromoteCooperationAmongYourFacultyMembers":"Promote cooperation among your faculty members","ChooseYourPreferredAccessType":"Choose your preferred access type: open access or a subscription model","DecideOnTheScopeOfTheServices":"Decide on the scope of the services for each of the titles","SelectThePublicationsYouWant":"Select the publications you want to promote with Sciendo","Your role":"Your role","TotalCostsDependOnTheServicesYouChoose":"Total costs largely depend on the services you choose.","DiscountsOfUpTo60":"Offer discounts of up to 60% if the value of the contract is higher than an agreed amount","WorkWithNewPublications":"Work with new publications and already published books and back volumes","WeDesignAndManageYourWebsite":"We design and manage the website of your publishing house at no additional cost","What makes our offer unique?":"What makes our offer unique?","AcademicPublisherThatCanPublishAllAcademicJournals":"lf you are looking for an academic publisher that can publish all or some of your academic journals, books and other publications, Sciendo is here to help.","OfferForUniversity":"Sciendo has prepared a special offer for university presses and other organizations seeking a partner to publish all or some of their journals, books and related publications.","ServicesForConference":"Services for conference organizers and proceedings editors","SelfPublishing":"Self-publishing and full-publishing services","ServicesAcademicBooks":"Services for academic books","ServicesAcademicJournals":"Services for academic journals","WideArrayOfPublishing":"Sciendo offers a wide array of publishing solutions for a vast range of publications","SEARCH":"SEARCH","Subjects":"Subjects","Languages":"Languages","Add date range":"Add date range","Publication Type":"Publication Type","Access Type":"Access Type","Search publications":"Search publications…","Search by…":"Search by…","ADVANCED SEARCH":"ADVANCED SEARCH","SearchFor":"Search for a journal, book, proceeding or author ...","SearchByTitleAuthorKeywordSubject":"Search by title, author, keyword, subject, ISBN ...","PublishingSolutions":"Publishing solutions for you and your organization","SEE ALL PUBLICATIONS":"SEE ALL PUBLICATIONS","Oldest Titles":"Oldest Titles","Newest Titles":"Newest Titles","All Publications":"All Publications","-Proceedings-":"Proceedings","BOOKSHELF":"BOOKSHELF","MonthlyNews":"Would you like to receive monthly news?","filter:Publication Type:Conference":"Proceedings","SelfPublishingFullServices":"Self-publishing and full-publishing services","ServicesAcademicJournaIs":"Services for academic journaIs","Services for conference":"Services for conference organizers and proceedings editors","Books":"Books","DiscoverPublishingServices":"Discover our publishing services","AdditionalInformationContactUs":"For additional information and professional consultation, get in touch with us","LEARN MORE":"LEARN MORE","WhiteLabelPublishingHouseServices":"lf you represent a university press or other organization seeking a partner to publish all or some of your academic journals, books and related publications, you may also be interested in aur White Label Publishing House services.","whitelabel.seo.description":"Leverage our expertise and comprehensive solutions to develop your publishing brand and reach a wider audience. Discover our services today!","whitelabel.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Your Trusted Partner for Professional Publishing Services","White Label Publishing House":"White Label Publishing House","SEE OPT-IN SERVICES":"SEE OPT-IN SERVICES","CustomizePackage":"Customize Your Package by Adding Opt-In Services","Professional content marketing":"Professional content marketing","Full-text XML publication":"Full-Text XML Publication","Typesetting proofreading":"Typesetting, proofreading","Language editing":"Language editing, copyediting","Online submission system":"Online Submission System","Content delivery to libraries":"Content delivery to libraries, discovery and indexing services","Hosting and distribution platform":"Hosting and distribution platform","PremierPlusPackage":"XML Fast Track","Premier Package":"Premier Package","PremierPackage":"production and editorial services, full-text XML version, marketing services","Classic Package":"Classic Package","ClassicPackage":"Classic package, production and editorial services, full-text XML version, marketing services","Standard Package":"Standard Package","StandardPackage":"Basic services to facilitate journal publication","ThreeDifferentPackages":"Our publishing services are available in three different packages:","Available Packages":"Available Packages","OpenAccessJournaIs":"Solution for Open access journaIs charging APCs that would like to publish with Sciendo without paying up-front fees","ArticleProcessingCharge":"Article Processing Charge (APC) model","CombineSubscriptionAndOpenaccess":"Model for publications that combine subscription and open access content","RetainSubscriptionRevenues":"Journals pay Sciendo the publishing fees and retain subscription revenues","PermanentAccessToArticles":"Readers receive permanent access to articles at no cost, with publishing costs borne by the sponsoring institution","Publishing models":"Publishing Models","ScholarlyJournal":"With over 20 years of experience in academic publishing, Sciendo has become the premier partner for journals striving to excel in the dynamic and ever-changing research landscape. Our mission is to empower scholarly publications by providing the expertise, excellence, and flexibility that editors and publishers need to stay ahead. From enhancing editorial workflows to increasing visibility, we are dedicated to ensuring your journal's success with the utmost care and precision.","publishjournals.seo.description":"Sciendo offers a diverse selection of publishing services for scholarly journals. Join us today and enhance the prestige and a global reach of your title.","publishjournals.seo.pagetitle":"Publish Your Journal with Sciendo and Share Your Research!","DownloadBrochure":"Download our brochure for a more detailed description of our services","Brochure":"Brochure","GetInTouch":"For additional information and professional consultation, get in touch with us","SeeOptInServices":"SEE OPT-IN SERVICES ➔","CustomizeYourPackage":"Customize your offer by adding opt-in services","OnlineSubmissionAndPeerReview":"Online submission and the peer review system, APC collection module","TwoDifferentPackages":"Our publishing services are available in two different packages:","AvailablePackages":"Available Packages","SufficientlmpactFactor":"The solution applies to journals with a sufficient lmpact Factor and indexing.","APCfreeOfCharge":"An APC (Article Processing Charge) is the fee charged by Sciendo to authors of published articles. The collected fees are used to cover general publishing costs, with any surplus transferred to the journal.","apc.seo.description":"Streamlined publishing of Open Access journals with Sciendo's services. Maximize the visibility of your research and accelerate its impact. Explore now!","apc.seo.pagetitle":"Cost-effective Journal Publishing: Choose Sciendo's APC Model","HowItWorks":"How does it work?","PublishYourAcademicOpenAccess":"Would you like to publish your academic open access journal without the worry\n of publishing fees? Sciendo has created a solution for you.","Article Processing Charge Model":"Article Processing Charge Model","CLOSE":"CLOSE","OurTeamWillContactYou":"and our team will contact you shortly","ReceivedInquiry":"We have received your inquiry","Thank you for getting in touch":"Thank you for getting in touch!","SUBMIT":"SUBMIT","Additional Comments":"Additional Comments","Which services are you looking for":"Which services are you looking for?","Enter telephone number":"Enter telephone number","Telephone number":"Telephone number","Enter email address":"Enter email address","E-mail Address":"E-mail Address*","Enter country":"Enter country","Country":"Country*","Enter company name":"Enter company name","Institution":"Institution/ Company name","Enter first name":"Enter first name","First and last name":"First and last name*","Let's work together":"Let's work together","CONTACT FORM":"CONTACT FORM","ServicesConferenceProceedingsEditors":"Services for conference organizers and proceedings editors","LibrariansFormURL":"","Librarians-WouldLikeToPublish":"I would like to inquire about your collections and library services","I am a librarian":"I am a Librarian","Contact-Librarians":"Librarians","PublishersFormURL":"","Publishers-WouldLikeToPublish":"I would like to join your distribution network","I am a publisher":"I am a Publisher","Contact-Publishers":"Publishers","EditorsFormURL":"https://forms.monday.com/forms/4ad537be841d7f496017f8d2da861547?r=use1","Editors-WouldLikeToPublish":"I would like to publish a journal, book or conference proceedings","I am an editor":"I am an Editor","Contact-Editors":"Editors","AuthorsFormURL":"https://forms.monday.com/forms/12c7539ac21591f7e16194f436773dc1?r=use1","Authors-LikeToEnquire":"I would like to enquire about my manuscript","I am an author":"I am an Author","Contact-Authors":"Authors","GetInTouchWithUs":"For additional information and professional consultation, get in touch with us","ConferencePlanningBudgetingAndMarketing":"Sciendo can support you with conference planning, budgeting, and marketing. Our event management system ensures easy program management, attendee registration and tracking, as well as a secure payment process. What is mare, it features a separate module to collect, edit and handle submitted papers.","Event management system":"Event management system","PremierProceedingsPackage":"heavy editing, an ePub version, extra marketing","typesetting and proofreading":"typesetting and proofreading","BasicProceedingsServices":"Basic services to facilitate proceedings publication, ISBN registration","BundledThreePackages":"Our services are bundled into three packages","PublishingPackage":"Choose the publishing package that suits your needs","Print-on-demand":"Print-on-demand","EventAndAbstractManagementSystem":"Event and abstract management system","AbstractingAndIndexingSupport":"Abstracting and indexing support","AssistanceInEditingAndMarketing":"Assistance in editing and marketing","OpenAccessToConferencePapers":"Open access to conference papers","ServicesForconferenceOrganizers":"What services do we offer to conference organizers?","WePublishYourConferenceProceedings":"Sciendo is the only company in the world that meets the two most important needs of an academic and professional conference organizer. We can publish your conference proceedings and also provide you with one of the world's best event management systems.","conferences.seo.description":"Partner with us to accelerate the impact of your conference. Maximize the visibility of the proceedings reaching a wider audience. Publish with us today!","conferences.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Empowering Conferences \n through Publishing Services","Proceedings":"Proceedings","Proceeding":"Proceeding","filter:Publication Type:Journal":"Journals","Discover our other publishing services":"Discover our other publishing services","GetInouchWithUs":"For additional information and professional consultation, get in touch with us","Testimonials":"Testimonials","SoldDirectlyFromPlatform":"Books are sold directly from our platform and through global distribution channels","FreeAccesstoAcademicBook":"Constant, free access to your academic book, with an option to buy the printed version","Access types":"Access types","SponsoringInstitution":"Pick this option if your sponsoring institution is to finance the publication","ConferenceOrganizersProceedingsEditors":"Services for conference organizers and proceedings editors","Self-publishingFull-publishing":"Self-publishing and full-publishing services","Services for academic books":"Services for academic books","filter:Publication Type:Book":"Books","Services for academic journals":"Services for academic journals","Journals":"Journals","Discover aur publishing services":"Discover our publishing services","SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER":"SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER","ReceiveMonthlyNews":"Would You Like to Receive Monthly News?","DownloadOurBrochure":"Download the brochure for a more detailed description of our services","VisitSelf-publishingOffer":"please visit our self-publishing offer.","MinimalInvolvement":"If you would prefer to publish your book with minimal involvement,","Self-publishing offer":"Self-publishing offer","SEE OPT-IN":"SEE OPT-IN SERVICES","Ppt-in services":"Customize your offer by adding opt-in services","ProfessionalContentMarketing":"Professional content marketing","ePub version":"ePub version","Copyediting (heavy edit)":"Copyediting (heavy edit)","Typesetting and proofreading":"Typesetting and proofreading","Print on demand and delivery":"Print on demand and delivery","ISBN registration":"ISBN registration","Content and book indexing":"Content and book indexing","Wide electronic distribution":"Wide electronic distribution","Hosting and distribution":"Hosting and distribution","HostingDstributionPlatform":"Hosting and distribution platform","PremierBooksPackage":"heavy editing, ePub version, extra marketing","Premier":"Premier","ClassicBooksPackage":"electronic copy, production services","Classic":"Classic","StandardBooksServices":"Basic services to facilitate book publication, ISBN registration","Standard":"Standard","ThreePackagesServices":"Our services are bundled into three packages","ChooseThePackage":"Choose the publishing package that suits your needs","LeadingAcademicBookPublishers":"Sciendo is one of the leading academic book publishers, with many years of experience in book production and marketing. Select our full publishing services if you would like to place your manuscript in professional hands.","fullpageserv.seo.description":"Sciendo is one of the leading academic book publishers, with many years of experience in book production and marketing. Select our full publishing services if you would like to place your manuscript in professional hands.","fullpubserv.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Full Publishing Services","FullPublishingServices":"Full Publishing Services","ToReleaseBookYourself":"Select this model if you would like to release the book yourself","FullCareOfYourManuscript":"lf you are looking for comprehensive book publishing solutions, and would like us to take full care of your manuscript, please visit our full-publishing offer.","Full-publishing offer":"Full-publishing offer","SupplementaryOfferIfYouNeedOurAssistance":"Pick and choose solutions from our supplementary offer if you need our assistance. We can polish and arrange the text, design a professional cover and book layout, and provide advanced marketing and indexing services","Additional services":"Additional services","AnIndividualWebsiteForTheTitle":"An individual website for the title, distribution to libraries, indexing databases, discovery services and retailers worldwide","IncludeAnIndividualWebsiteForTheTitle":"Include an individual website for the title, ISBN registration and distribution to retailers worldwide. Select this option if your academic book is already properly formatted and ready to publish","Basic services":"Basic services","Scope of the offer":"Scope of the offer","AuthorBenefitrevenuesSales":"As the author you will benefit from 70% of the net revenues from sales.","Profit from Sales":"Profit from Sales","PublishAnAcademicBookOnYourOwnTerms":"lf you want to publish an academic book on your own terms, choose our selfpublishing offer. Simply provide us with the ready-made publishable e-book file, and we will launch it online, advertise, distribute and sell it.","selfpublishing.seo.description":"lf you want to publish an academic book on your own terms, choose our selfpublishing offer. Simply provide us with the ready-made publishable e-book file, and we will launch it online, advertise, distribute and sell it.","selfpublishing.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Self-Publishing Services","SelfPublishingServices":"Self-Publishing Services","How do we publish?":"How do we publish?","ScholarlyBooks":"At Sciendo, our mission is to enhance the global impact and success of academic presses by offering a comprehensive publishing platform tailored to diverse needs. We support a variety of digital book formats, including monographs, handbooks, and textbooks, ensuring each title is presented in its finest form.","books.seo.description":"Choose our comprehensive publishing solutions tailored to book authors and partner presses and share your research with the world!","books.seo.pagetitle":"Discover Sciendo: Expert Publishing Services for Academic Books","See all blog articles":"See all blog articles","Latest in our blog":"Latest in our blog","publish.seo.description":"We provide comprehensive publishing solutions that transform publications. Join us now and unlock your research's potential.","publish.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Publish with us to Maximize Your Research Impact","Our Partners":"Our Partners","Distribution Solutions":"Distribution Solutions","Publishing Solutions":"Publishing Solutions","Publish \u0026 Distribute":"Publish \u0026 Distribute","Publish with us":"Publish with us","LearnMoreAbout":"Learn more about our publishing services","SubscriptionContent":"Subscription content with individual articles opened for all","PaywallArticles":"Paywall articles and book subscription management","DistributeOnlineToAllReaders":"Distribute online to all readers, free of access charges","Authorized Access":"Authorized Access","Hybrid Access":"Hybrid Access","Paid Access":"Paid Access","Open Access":"Open Access","Available access models":"Available access models","DoiNumbersRegistration":"DOI numbers registration, citation exporting tool, content sharing, and more","WorldClassPublishingTechnology":"World-class Publishing Technology","EditingTools":"Editing tools, design, production systems, printing, and more","ComprehensiveSolutions":"Comprehensive Publishing Solutions","ContentDeliveryToLibraries":"Content delivery to libraries, indexing and discovery services worldwide","GlobalDistributionImpact":"Global Distribution \u0026 Impact","WhyPublishWithSciendo":"Why Publish with Sciendo?","WhatMakesUsDistinct":"What Makes Us Distinct","Individual Authors":"Individual Authors","Professional Organizations":"Professional Organizations","Institutions":"Institution","Academic Institutions":"Academic Institutions","wePublishFor":"Who do we publish for?","conferenceServices":"Services for conference organizers and proceedings editors","selfPublishing":"Self-publishing and full-publishing services","academicJournals":"Services for academic journals","publishingServices":"Discover Our Services","View Publications":"VIEW PUBLICATIONS","Publications":"Publications","home.info2":"We publish over 500 titles, serving 300 scholarly and professional institutions in 40 different countries.","home.info1":"Sciendo is a leading provider of publishing solutions for academic journals, books and conference proceedings.","home.title":"Your publications' global vision","home.seo.description":"Publish, distribute and make your research globally recognized. Discover our services for scholarly journals, books and conference proceedings.","home.seo.pagetitle":"Sciendo | Leading Provider of Publishing Solutions for Academia","HOMEPAGE":"HOMEPAGE","ProceedingsBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","SelfPublishingServicesBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","PublishingServicesBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","BooksBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","WhiteLabelBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/13081702/Sciendo-Partner-Publishing-Program-for-Academic-Institutions.pdf","APCBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","JournalsBrochureLink":"https://sciendo-storage-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/13090103/Sciendo_Publishing_Services_ENG.pdf","Brochure Links":"Brochure Links","/distribution_services":"/distribution_services","/publishing_services":"/publishing_services","/article":"/article","/chapter":"/chapter","/book":"/book","/issue":"/issue","/journal":"/journal","services":"services","/publish#services":"/publish#services","/publish/printing-services":"/publish/printing-services","/publish/professional-marketing":"/publish/professional-marketing","/publish/graphic-design-services":"/publish/graphic-design-services","/publish/online-systems":"/publish/online-systems","/publish/editorial-services":"/publish/editorial-services","/publish/plagiarism-check":"/publish/plagiarism-check","/publish/long-term-preservation":"/publish/long-term-preservation","/publish/abstracting-and-indexing":"/publish/abstracting-and-indexing","/publish/global-distribution":"/publish/global-distribution","/publish/solutions-for-electronic-content":"/publish/solutions-for-electronic-content","/publish/apcmodel":"/publish/article-processing-charge-model","/publish/whitelabel":"/publish/white-label-publishing-house","/publish/conferences":"/publish/conferences-services","/publish/full-publishing-services":"/publish/full-publishing-services","/publish/selfpublishing":"/publish/selfpublishing","/publish/books":"/publish/books","/publish/journals":"/publish/journals","/publish":"/publish","/publishingAndEthicalPolicies":"/publishing-and-ethical-policies","/cookie-policy":"/cookie-policy","/privacy":"/privacy","/terms":"/terms","/blog/all":"/blog/latest-articles","/contact":"/team","/about":"/about","Page Links":"Page Links"}}},"initialLocale":"en","ns":["common"],"userConfig":{"i18n":{"defaultLocale":"en","locales":["en","de","es","fr","it","pl"],"localeDetection":false},"fallbackLng":{"default":["en"]},"default":{"i18n":{"defaultLocale":"en","locales":["en","de","es","fr","it","pl"],"localeDetection":false},"fallbackLng":{"default":["en"]}}}},"_sentryTraceData":"7b8a155cb64445d3a30dc0dba92862cc-9bc619c5398f113f-0","_sentryBaggage":"sentry-environment=staging,sentry-release=oB_re-t4t6nlTWg0eBiEP,sentry-public_key=a5f48ef24dfd88aa3f68f090771b65e9,sentry-trace_id=7b8a155cb64445d3a30dc0dba92862cc,sentry-sampled=false"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[...doi]","query":{"doi":["10.2478","njms-2022-0002"]},"buildId":"oB_re-t4t6nlTWg0eBiEP","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gssp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","de","es","fr","it","pl"],"defaultLocale":"en","scriptLoader":[{"strategy":"afterInteractive","src":"https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-151656403-1"},{"strategy":"afterInteractive","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\n function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); }\n gtag('js', new Date());\n \n gtag('config', 'UA-151656403-1');\n "}},{"strategy":"afterInteractive","src":"/scripts/google-tag-manager.js"},{"strategy":"afterInteractive","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"\n window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\n function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}\n gtag('js', new Date());\n gtag('config', 'AW-10838992948');"}},{"strategy":"afterInteractive","src":"https://2baa2bb798d8.eu-central-1.captcha-sdk.awswaf.com/2baa2bb798d8/jsapi.js"},{"strategy":"afterInteractive","src":"https://2baa2bb798d8.eu-central-1.sdk.awswaf.com/2baa2bb798d8/cd8c52d04e4d/challenge.js"}]}</script></body></html>