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eggs</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: nematode eggs"> <meta name="keywords" content="nematode eggs"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="nematode eggs" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="nematode eggs"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 250</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: nematode eggs</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Post-Application Effects of Selected Management Strategies to the Citrus Nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) Population Densities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20William%20Mashela">Phatu William Mashela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pontsho%20Edmund%20Tseke"> Pontsho Edmund Tseke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgabo%20Martha%20Pofu"> Kgabo Martha Pofu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Inconsistent results’ in nematode suppression post-application of botanical-based products created credibility concerns. Relative to untreated control, sampling for nematodes post-application of botanical-based products suggested significant increases in nematode population densities. ‘Inconsistent results’ were confirmed in Tylenchulus semipenetrans on Citrus jambhiri seedlings when sampling was carried out at 120 days post-application of a granular Nemarioc-AG phytonematicide. The objective of this study was to determine post-application effects of untreated control, Nemarioc-AG phytonematicide and aldicarb to T. semipenetrans population densities on C. jambhiri seedlings. Two hundred and ten seedlings were each inoculated with 10000 T. semipenetrans eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in plastic pots containing 2700 ml growing mixture. A week after inoculation, seedlings were equally split and subjected to once-off treatment of 2 g aldicarb, 2 g Nemarioc-AG phytonematicide and untreated control. Five seedlings from each group were randomly placed on greenhouse benches to serve as a sampling block, with a total of 14 blocks. The entire block was sampled weekly and assessed for final nematode population density (Pf). After the final assessment, post-regression of untreated Pf to increasing sampling intervals exhibited positive quadratic relations, with the model explaining 90% associations, with optimum Pf of 13804 eggs and J2 at six weeks post-application. In contrast, treated Pf and increasing sampling interval exhibited negative quadratic relations, with the model explaining 95% and 92% associations in phytonematicide and aldicarb, respectively. In the phytonematicide, Pf was 974 eggs and J2, whereas that in aldicarb was 2205 eggs and J2 at six weeks. In conclusion, temporal cyclic nematode population growth provided an empirically-based explanation of ‘inconsistent results’ in nematode suppression post-application of the two nematode management strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20management" title="nematode management">nematode management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20effect" title=" residual effect"> residual effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20decline%20of%20citrus" title=" slow decline of citrus"> slow decline of citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20citrus%20nematode" title=" the citrus nematode"> the citrus nematode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72582/post-application-effects-of-selected-management-strategies-to-the-citrus-nematode-tylenchulus-semipenetrans-population-densities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Evaluation of the Predatory Mites' Manner against Root-Knot Nematode Using Water Agar Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrady%20K.%20Nasr">Abdelrady K. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzat%20M.%20A.%20Noweer"> Ezzat M. A. Noweer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Ramadan"> Mahmoud M. Ramadan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes attacking large numbers of vegetable and fruit plants in Egypt. Moreover, the soil predatory mites (Protogamasellopsisdenticus (Nasr), Gaeolaelaps longus (Hafez, El-Badry and Nasr) and Cosmolaelapskeni(Hafez, El-Badry and Nasr) are one of the excellent agents for biocontrol, this study was designed to evaluate the predation of the root-knot nematode (M. incognita) using water agar technique. The water agar medium was used as an experimental medium to rear both the mentioned mites and egg masses; these media allowed observe the development and predacious manner. The present study revealed that the predatory mites successfully developed and reproduced their egg masses. The mean life cycle of the tested mites P. denticus, G. longus, and C.keni were 10.33, 12.00, and 9.77 days, respectively. The mean total life span of the female of P. denticus, G. longus, and C. keni on egg-mases of M. incognita were obtained 63.44, 77.55 and 70.11 days, respectively, and the mean total fecundity of predatory mites, P. denticus, G.longus, and C. keni on egg-mases nematode were observed 62.66, 31.61 and 11.83 eggs, respectively. The mean total number of eggs laid by female P. denticus was significantly higher than other predatory mites, G. longus and C. keni. According to the obtained results, the tested predacious mites can be applied to combat the spreading of M. incognita in the agriculture field as a safe and effective biological control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-parasitic%20nematodes" title=" plant-parasitic nematodes"> plant-parasitic nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predaceous%20mites" title=" predaceous mites"> predaceous mites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20agar" title=" water agar"> water agar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174142/evaluation-of-the-predatory-mites-manner-against-root-knot-nematode-using-water-agar-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Inactivation of Root-Knot Nematode Eggs Meloidogyne enterolobii in Irrigation Water Treated with Ozone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20A.%20Landa-Fernandez">I. A. Landa-Fernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Monje-Ramirez"> I. Monje-Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Orta-Ledesma"> M. T. Orta-Ledesma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year plant-parasitic nematodes diminish the yield of high-value crops worldwide causing important economic losses. Currently, Meloidogyne enterolobii has increased its importance due to its high aggressiveness, increasing geographical distribution and host range. Root-knot nematodes inhabit the rhizosphere soil around plant roots. However, they can come into contact with irrigation water. Thus, plant-parasitic nematodes can be transported by water, as eggs or juveniles. Due to their high resistance, common water disinfection methods are not effective for inactivating these parasites. Ozone is the most effective disinfectant for microbial inactivation. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that ozone treatment is an alternative method control in irrigation water of the root-knot nematode M. enterolobii. It has been shown that ozonation is an effective treatment for the inactivation of protozoan cysts and oocysts (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) and for other species of the genus Meloidogyne (M. incognita), but not for the enterolobii specie. In this study, the strain of M. enterolobii was isolated from tomatoes roots. For the tests, eggs were used and were inoculated in water with similar characteristics of irrigation water. Subsequently, the disinfection process was carried out in an ozonation unit. The performance of the treatments was evaluated through the egg's viability by assessing its structure by optical microscopy. As a result of exposure to ozone, the viability of the nematode eggs was reduced practically in its entirety; with dissolved ozone levels in water close to the standard concentration (equal to 0.4 mgO₃/L), but with high contact times (greater than 4 min): 0.2 mgO₃/L for 15 minutes or 0.55 mgO₃/L for 10 minutes. Additionally, the effect of temperature, alkalinity and organic matter of the water was evaluated. Ozonation is effective and a promising alternative for the inactivation of nematodes in irrigation water, which could contribute to diminish the agricultural losses caused by these organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inactivation%20process" title="inactivation process">inactivation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20water%20treatment" title=" irrigation water treatment"> irrigation water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozonation" title=" ozonation"> ozonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-parasite%20nematodes" title=" plant-parasite nematodes"> plant-parasite nematodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92871/inactivation-of-root-knot-nematode-eggs-meloidogyne-enterolobii-in-irrigation-water-treated-with-ozone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Influence of Some Parameters on Embryonic Mortality of Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara in a Semi-Captive Breeding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Idouhar-Saadi">H. Idouhar-Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sma%C3%AF"> A. Smaï</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia"> S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aissi"> M. Aissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Doumandji"> S. Doumandji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the period of reproduction, the collection of eggs of the Barbary gambra partridge is made only once a week in the morning, considering the sensibility in the stress of this native species. The number of considered samples is 33 eggs. The duration of the incubation is of 18 days. Unhatched eggs and eggs eliminated previously at the time of the mirage are collected and forwarded to the laboratories of microbiology and parasitology. The average weight of the eggs of the Barbary Partridge vary much [20.08 ± 1.81 g. (2006) < Pm < 20.82 ± 2,11g. (2008)]. The percentage of unhatched eggs varies between 9.3% in 2005 and 15.55% in 2007. It appears that the rate of embryonic mortality is slightly higher compared to that of infertile eggs. Microbiological analysis of unhatched eggs showed the presence of pathogenic germs such as lute Chryseomonas luteola. Chryseomonas ola and Escherichia coli. As against the parasites research is negative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barbary%20partridge" title="barbary partridge">barbary partridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unhatched%20eggs" title=" unhatched eggs"> unhatched eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embryo%20mortality" title=" embryo mortality"> embryo mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20germs" title=" pathogenic germs"> pathogenic germs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23271/influence-of-some-parameters-on-embryonic-mortality-of-barbary-partridge-alectoris-barbara-in-a-semi-captive-breeding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Biocontrol Effectiveness of Indigenous Trichoderma Species against Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici on Tomato </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajji%20Lobna">Hajji Lobna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chattaoui%20Mayssa"> Chattaoui Mayssa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regaieg%20Hajer"> Regaieg Hajer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%27Hamdi-Boughalleb%20Naima"> M'Hamdi-Boughalleb Naima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhouma%20Ali"> Rhouma Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horrigue-Raouani%20Najet"> Horrigue-Raouani Najet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, three local isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> (Tr1: <em>T. viride</em>, Tr2: <em>T. harzianum</em> and Tr3: <em>T. asperellum</em>) were isolated and evaluated for their biocontrol effectiveness under <em>in vitro</em> conditions and in greenhouse. <em>In vitro</em> bioassay revealed a biopotential control against <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>radicis lycopersici</em> and <em>Meloidogyne javanica </em>(RKN) separately. All species of <em>Trichoderma</em> exhibited biocontrol performance and (Tr1) <em>Trichoderma viride</em> was the most efficient. In fact, growth rate inhibition of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>radicis lycopersici</em> (FORL) was reached 75.5% with Tr1. Parasitism rate of root-knot nematode was 60% for juveniles and 75% for eggs with the same one. Pots experiment results showed that Tr1 and Tr2, compared to chemical treatment, enhanced the plant growth and exhibited better antagonism against root-knot nematode and root-rot fungi separated or combined. All <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates revealed a bioprotection potential against <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>radicis lycopersici</em>. When pathogen fungi inoculated alone, Fusarium wilt index and browning vascular rate were reduced significantly with Tr1 (0.91, 2.38%) and Tr2 (1.5, 5.5%), respectively. In the case of combined infection with Fusarium and nematode, the same isolate of <em>Trichoderma</em> Tr1 and Tr2 decreased Fusarium wilt index at 1.1 and 0.83 and reduced the browning vascular rate at 6.5% and 6%, respectively. Similarly, the isolate Tr1 and Tr2 caused maximum inhibition of nematode multiplication. Multiplication rate was declined at 4% with both isolates either tomato infected by nematode separately or concomitantly with Fusarium. The chemical treatment was moderate in activity against <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. </em><em>radicis lycopersici</em> alone and combined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichoderma%20spp." title="trichoderma spp.">trichoderma spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meloidogyne%20javanica" title=" meloidogyne javanica"> meloidogyne javanica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.radicis%20lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title=" biocontrol"> biocontrol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50717/biocontrol-effectiveness-of-indigenous-trichoderma-species-against-meloidogyne-javanica-and-fusarium-oxysporum-f-sp-radicis-lycopersici-on-tomato" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Influence of Cucurbitacin-Containing Phytonematicides on Nematode Biocontrol Agent: Trichoderma harzianum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacqueline%20T.%20Madaure">Jacqueline T. Madaure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20W.%20Mashela"> Phatu W. Mashela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides consistently suppress root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematode population densities. However, the impact of these products on nematode biocontrol agents is not documented. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides on growth of Trichoderma harzianum under in vitro conditions. The two phytonematicides were separately prepared to concentrations of 3% and used in poison plate assays. After exposure at different times from 0 to 72 h, there was 100% mycelial growth of T. harzianum. In conclusion, at the recommended concentrations of phytonematicides used in managing nematode population densities, there was no evidence of suppressive effects on growth of T. harzianum by the two phytonematicides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanicals" title="botanicals">botanicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extracts" title=" crude extracts"> crude extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucumis%20africanus" title=" cucumis africanus"> cucumis africanus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucumis%20myriocarpus" title=" cucumis myriocarpus"> cucumis myriocarpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucurbitacin%20a" title=" cucurbitacin a"> cucurbitacin a</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucurbitacin%20b" title=" cucurbitacin b"> cucurbitacin b</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnomedicinal%20plants" title=" ethnomedicinal plants"> ethnomedicinal plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72590/influence-of-cucurbitacin-containing-phytonematicides-on-nematode-biocontrol-agent-trichoderma-harzianum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Applied Free Living Nematode as Bioindicator to Assess Environmental Impact of Dam Construction in Ba Lai Estuary, Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngo%20Xuan%20Quang">Ngo Xuan Quang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Thanh%20Thai"> Tran Thanh Thai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Vanreusel"> Ann Vanreusel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ba Lai dam construction was created in 2000 in the Ba Lai estuarine river, Ben Tre province, Vietnam to prevent marine water infiltration, drainage and de-acidification, and to build a reservoir of freshwater for land reclamation in the Ba Lai tributary. However, this dam is considered as an environmental failure for the originally connected estuarine and river ecosystem, especially to bad effect to benthic fauna distribution. This research aims to study applying free living nematode communities’ distribution in disturbance of dam construction as bioindicator to detect environmental impact. Nematode samples were collected together measuring physical–chemical environmental parameters such as chlorophyll, CPE, coliform, nutrient, grain size, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, temperature in three stations within three replicates. Results showed that free living nematode communities at the dam construction was significantly low densities, low diversity (Hurlbert’s index, Hill diversity indices) and very low maturity index in comparison with two remaining stations. Strong correlation of nematode feeding types and communities’ structure was found in relation with sediment grain size and nutrient enrichment such nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and pigment concentration. Moreover, greatly negative link between nematode maturity index with nutrient parameters can serve as warning organic pollution of the Ba Lai river due to dam construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ba%20Lai" title="Ba Lai">Ba Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20impact" title=" dam impact"> dam impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode" title=" nematode"> nematode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment "> environment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36991/applied-free-living-nematode-as-bioindicator-to-assess-environmental-impact-of-dam-construction-in-ba-lai-estuary-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Monitoring of Potato Rot Nematode (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945) in Southern Georgia Nematode Fauna Diversity of Rhizosphere</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Tskitishvili">E. Tskitishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Jgenti"> L. Jgenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Eliava"> I. Eliava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tskitishvili"> T. Tskitishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bagathuria"> N. Bagathuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gigolashvili"> M. Gigolashvili </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nematode fauna of 20 agrocenosis (soil, tuber of potato, green parts of plant, roots) was studied in four regions in South Georgia (Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Akhalkalaki, Ninotsminda). In all, there were registered 173 forms of free-living and Phyto-parasitic nematodes, including 132 forms which were specified according to their species. A few exemplars of potato root nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) were identified in soil samples taken in Ninotsminda, Akhalkalaki and Aspinda stations, i.e. invasion is weak. Based on our data, potato Ditylenchus was not found in any of the researched tubers, while based on the data of previous years the most of tubers were infested. The cysts of 'golden nematodes' were not found during inspection of material for detection of Globoderosis <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ditylenchus" title="ditylenchus">ditylenchus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematoda" title=" nematoda"> nematoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29630/monitoring-of-potato-rot-nematode-ditylenchus-destructor-thorne-1945-in-southern-georgia-nematode-fauna-diversity-of-rhizosphere" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Resistance to the South African Root-Knot Nematode Population Densities in Artemisia annua: An Anti-Malaria Ethnomedicinal Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgabo%20Pofu">Kgabo Pofu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hintsa%20Araya"> Hintsa Araya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dean%20Oelofse"> Dean Oelofse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonja%20Venter"> Sonja Venter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Du%20Plooy"> Christian Du Plooy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20Mashela"> Phatu Mashela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nematode resistance to the tropical root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes is one of the most preferred nematode management strategies in development of smallholder resource-poor farming systems. Due to its pharmacological and ethnomedicinal applications, Artemisia annua is one of the underutilised crops that have attracted attention of policy-makers in rural agrarian development in South Africa. However, the successful introduction of this crop in smallholder resource-poor farming systems could be upset by the widespread aggressive Meloidogyne species, which have limited management options. The objective of this study therefore was to determine the degree of nematode resistance to the South African M. incognita and M. javanica population densities on A. annua seedlings. Uniform three-week-old seedlings in pots containing pasteurised growing medium under greenhouse conditions were inoculated using a series of eggs and second-stage juveniles of two Meloidogyne species in separate trials. At 56 days after inoculation, treatments were highly significant on reproductive factor (RF) for M. incognita and M. javanica on A. annua, contributing 87 and 89% in total treatment variation of the variables, respectively. At all levels of inoculation, RF values for M. incognita (0.17-0.79) and M. javanica (0.02-0.29) were below unity, without any noticeable root galls. Infection of A. annua by both Meloidogyne species had no significant effects on growth variables. In conclusion, A. annua seedlings are resistant to the South African M. incognita and M. javanica population densities and could therefore be explored further for use in smallholder resource-poor farming systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnomedicial%20plants" title="ethnomedicial plants">ethnomedicial plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underutilised%20crops" title=" underutilised crops"> underutilised crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20parasitic%20nematodes" title=" plant parasitic nematodes"> plant parasitic nematodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72643/resistance-to-the-south-african-root-knot-nematode-population-densities-in-artemisia-annua-an-anti-malaria-ethnomedicinal-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> The Combination of Curcuma Extract and IgG Colostrum on Strongyloides Infection in CD1 Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurentius%20J.%20M.%20Rumokoy">Laurentius J. M. Rumokoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Posangi"> Jimmy Posangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisje%20Lusia%20Toar"> Wisje Lusia Toar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Lopez%20Aban"> Julio Lopez Aban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The threat of pathogen infection agents to the neonates is a major health problem to the new born life livestock. Neonate losses became an important case in the world as well as in Indonesia. This condition can be triggered by an infection with nematode in conjunction with a failure of immunoglobulin passive transfer. The study was conducted to evaluate the role of the curcuma combined with IgG colostrum on the development of parasites in the gut of CD1 mice. Animal experiments were divided in four groups (G) based on the treatment: G1 (infection only); G2 (curcuma+infection), G3 (IgG + infection) and G4 (curcuma+IgG+infection). The parameters measured were EPG (eggs per gram) and female in the intestine. The results obtained showed that the treatment has no a significant influence on the number of eggs per gram of feces in the group infected compared to the control group without receiving IgG nor curcuma. However, the EGP response tended to decrease at day 6 in G3 and G4 with a minimum number at zero eggs. This performant showed that the immunoglobulin-G and curcuma substances could slightly decreased the number of eggs in animal infected with Strongyloides. The results obtained showed also that the treatment has no significant difference (P > 0.05) on female larva in the gut of MCD1 experimental. In other side, we found that the best performance to inhibit the female quantity in the gut was the treatment with IgG and infection of parasite in G3. In this treatment, the minimum number was five female only in the gut. The results described IgG response was better than the curcuma single use in reducing the female parasite in the gut. This positive response of IgG compared to other controls group was associated with the function of colostrum antibodies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasites" title="parasites">parasites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcuma" title=" curcuma"> curcuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colostrums" title=" colostrums"> colostrums</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85959/the-combination-of-curcuma-extract-and-igg-colostrum-on-strongyloides-infection-in-cd1-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Egg Hatching Inhibition Activity of Volatile Oils Extracted from Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20F.%20Felek">Anil F. Felek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20M.%20Ozcan"> Mehmet M. Ozcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruk%20Akyazi"> Faruk Akyazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volatile oils of medicinal and aromatic plants are important for managing nematological problems in agriculture. In present study, volatile oils extracted from five medicinal and aromatic plants including Origanum onites (flower+steam+leaf), Salvia officinalis (leaf), Lippia citriodora (leaf+seed), Mentha spicata (leaf) and Mentha longifolia (leaf) were tested for egg hatching inhibition activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla under laboratory conditions. The essential oils were extracted using water distillation method with a Clevenger system. For the homogenisation process of the oils, 2% gum arabic solution was used and 4 µl oils was added into 1ml filtered gum arabic solution to prepare the last stock solution. 5 ml of stock solution and 1 ml of M. hapla egg suspension (about 100 eggs) were added into petri dishes. Gum arabic solution was used as control. Seven days after exposure to oils at room temperature (26±2 °C), the cumulative hatched and unhatched eggs were counted under 40X inverted light microscope and Abbott’s formula was used to calculate egg hatching inhibition rates. As a result, the highest inhibition rate was found as 54% for O. onites. In addition, the other inhibition rates varied as 31.4%, 21.6%, 23.8%, 25.67% for the other plants, S. officinalis, M. longifolia, M. spicata and L. citriodora, respectively. Carvacrol was found as the main component (68.8%) of O. onites followed by Thujone 27.77% for S. officinalis, I-Menthone 76.92% for M. longifolia, Carvone 27.05% for M. spicata and Citral 19.32% for L. citriodora. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20hatching" title="egg hatching">egg hatching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meloidogyne%20hapla" title=" Meloidogyne hapla"> Meloidogyne hapla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20and%20aromatic%20plants" title=" medicinal and aromatic plants"> medicinal and aromatic plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root-knot%20nematodes" title=" root-knot nematodes"> root-knot nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20oils" title=" volatile oils"> volatile oils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69105/egg-hatching-inhibition-activity-of-volatile-oils-extracted-from-some-medicinal-and-aromatic-plants-against-root-knot-nematode-meloidogyne-hapla" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Prevalence, Level and Health Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in the Fried Poultry Eggs from Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharaf%20S.%20Omar">Sharaf S. Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, level and prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in fried poultry eggs in Jordan was investigated. Poultry egg samples (n = 250) were collected. The level of DON, AFB1, ZEN and OTA in the white and yolk of poultry eggs was measured using LC-MS-MS. The health risk assessment was calculated using Margin of Exposures (MOEs) for AFB1 and OTA and hazard index (HI) for ZEN and DON. The highest prevalence in yolk and white of eggs was related to ZEN (96.56%) and OTA (97.44%), respectively. Also, the highest level in white and yolk was related to DON (1.07µg/kg) and DON (1.65 µg/kg), respectively. Level of DON in the yolk of eggs was significantly higher than white of eggs (P-value < 0.05). Risk assessment indicated that exposed population are at high risk of AFB1 (MOEs < 10,000) in fried poultry eggs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxins%202" title="mycotoxins 2">mycotoxins 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin%20b1" title=" aflatoxin b1"> aflatoxin b1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20egg" title=" poultry egg"> poultry egg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163115/prevalence-level-and-health-risk-assessment-of-mycotoxins-in-the-fried-poultry-eggs-from-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Interaction of Cucurbitacin-Containing Phytonematicides and Biocontrol Agents on Cultivated Tomato Plants and Nematode Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacqueline%20T.%20Madaure">Jacqueline T. Madaure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20W.%20Mashela"> Phatu W. Mashela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interactive effects of cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides and biocontrol agents on growth and nematode suppression on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) had not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide, Trichoderma harzianum and Steinernema feltiae on growth of tomato plants and suppression of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes. A 2x2x2 trial was conducted using tomato cv. ‘HTX’ on a field infested with Meloidogyne species. The treatments were applied at commercial rates. At 56 days after treatments, interactions were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for selected plant variables, without significant interactions on nematode variables. In conclusion, results of the current study did not support the combination of the test products for nematode suppression, except that some combinations improved plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucumis%20africanus" title="cucumis africanus">cucumis africanus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucurbitacin%20b" title=" cucurbitacin b"> cucurbitacin b</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnobotanicals" title=" ethnobotanicals"> ethnobotanicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogenic%20nematodes" title=" entomopathogenic nematodes"> entomopathogenic nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20enemies" title=" natural enemies"> natural enemies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72591/interaction-of-cucurbitacin-containing-phytonematicides-and-biocontrol-agents-on-cultivated-tomato-plants-and-nematode-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Interaction of Dietary Protein and Vitamin E Supplementation on Gastrointestinal Nematode (Gnt) Parasitism of Naturally Infected Lambs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayobami%20Adeyemo">Ayobami Adeyemo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20%20Chimonyo"> Michael Chimonyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munyaradzi%20Marufu"> Munyaradzi Marufu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastrointestinal nematode (GNT) infection significantly hinder sustainable and profitable sheep production on rangelands. While vitamin E and protein supplementation have individually proven to improve host immunity to parasitism in lambs, to our knowledge, there is no information on the interaction of dietary vitamin E and protein supplementation on lamb growth and GIN faecal egg counts in naturally infected lambs. Therefore, the current study investigated the interaction of dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation on faecal egg counts (FEC) and growth performance of lambs. Twenty four Dohne Merino lambs aged 12 months were allocated equally to each of four treatment combinations, with six lambs in each treatment group for a period of eight weeks. Treatment one lambs received dietary protein and vitamin E (PE), treatment two lambs received dietary protein and no vitamin E (PNE), treatment three received dietary vitamin E and no protein (NPE), and treatment four received no dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation (NPNE). The lambs were allowed to graze on Pennisetum clandestinum contaminated with a heavy load of nematodes. Dietary protein supplementation increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and body condition scores (BCS). Dietary vitamin E supplementation had no effect (P > 0.05) on ADG and BCS. There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation on ADG and BCS. Combined supplementation of dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.01) faecal egg counts and larval counts, respectively. Also, dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation reduced GNT faecal egg counts over the exposure period. The current findings support the hypothesis that the interaction of dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation reduced faecal egg counts and larval counts in lambs. This necessitates future findings on the interaction of dietary protein and vitamin E supplementation on blood associated profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20nematodes" title="gastrointestinal nematodes">gastrointestinal nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs" title=" nematode eggs"> nematode eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haemonchus" title=" Haemonchus"> Haemonchus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichostrongylus" title=" Trichostrongylus"> Trichostrongylus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88994/interaction-of-dietary-protein-and-vitamin-e-supplementation-on-gastrointestinal-nematode-gnt-parasitism-of-naturally-infected-lambs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Effects of Eggs Storage Period and Layer Hen Age on Eggs Hatchability and Weight of Broilers of Breed Ross</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alipanah%20Masoud">Alipanah Masoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheihkei%20Iman"> Sheihkei Iman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One day old chicken quality has great deal of contributions in increasing daily weight gain as well as economical productivity of broilers production. On the other hand, eggs are kept in different times in layer hens flocks and subsequently are transported to incubation units. In order to evaluate effects of two factors layer hen age and storage period of eggs on one day old broilers weight gain during feeding, eggs for layer hen gathered on 32 weeks old (young hen) and 74 weeks old (older ones) were used. Storage period for samples was set as 1 and 9 days. Data were analysed in completely randomized design in four replicates by software SAS. Results indicated that one day old broiler chickens from young had less weight gain, although they exhibited higher weight gain during next weeks. At the same time, there was no difference between chickens from eggs stored for nine days and those from stored for one day. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg" title="egg">egg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken" title=" chicken"> chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatchability" title=" hatchability"> hatchability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9077/effects-of-eggs-storage-period-and-layer-hen-age-on-eggs-hatchability-and-weight-of-broilers-of-breed-ross" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Morphometric Study of the Eggs of Pheasant Eggs Phasianus colchicus (Aves, Phasianidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia">S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Menasseria"> A. Menasseria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Kheidous"> A. E. Kheidous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Larinouna"> F. Larinouna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Smai"> A. Smai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saadi"> H. Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Milla"> A. Milla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Marniche"> F. Marniche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pheasant, is a bird of great ornamental value through the beauty of its form and colors, it is among the most popular birds. The present study was conducted in an experimental breeding. The objective of this work is to know the quality of the eggs of this bird. A total of 938 eggs were collected. To deepen the knowledge about the characteristics of external shell quality, biometric parameters were studied, among them we find the weight with a mean value of 29.2± 2, 24 g. Egg length (mm) and egg width (mm) mean value are respectively 43.01 ± 1,84 cm and 34.05 ± 1,44cm. The volume and shape index of eggs obtained are respectively 25,63±2,88cm3 and 79.00 ± 3%, shell index which recorded an average of 68%. Water loss recorded is 13%. Note that all these parameters and others may influence hatching. The analysis of variance applied for the comparison of egg weight shows that there is no significant difference in the same form factor (P> 0.05). Otherwise, the comparison test used shows a significant difference with P <0.05 for length, width, volume, density, indices of shell and water loss of eggs between the different. Indeed, several factors may explain the difference as the absence of sorting eggs during incubation and other factors that will be exposing later. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20of%20variance" title="analysis of variance">analysis of variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg" title=" egg"> egg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching" title=" hatching"> hatching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometry%20of%20eggs%20Phaisan%20%28Phasianus%20colchicus.L.%29" title=" morphometry of eggs Phaisan (Phasianus colchicus.L.)"> morphometry of eggs Phaisan (Phasianus colchicus.L.)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22873/morphometric-study-of-the-eggs-of-pheasant-eggs-phasianus-colchicus-aves-phasianidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Characteristics of Meiofaunal Communities in Intertidal Habitats Along Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fundime%20Miri">Fundime Miri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emanuela%20Sulaj"> Emanuela Sulaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Benthic ecosystems constitute important ecological habitats, providing fundamental services for spawning, foraging, and sheltering aquatic organisms. Benthic faunal communities are characterized by a large biological diversity, supported by a great physical variety of benthic habitats. Until late, the study of meiobenthic communities in Albania has been neglectedthus excluding an important component of benthos. The present study aims to bring characteristics of distribution pattern of meiofaunal communities with further focus on nematode genus-based diversity from different intertidal habitats along Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast. The investigation area is extended from Shkodra to Vlora District, including six sandy sampling sites in beaches and areas near river estuaries. Sediment samples were collected manually in low intertidal zone by using a cylindrical corer, with an internal diameter of 5 cm. The richness onmeiofaunalmajor taxon level did not show any significant change between different sampling sites compare to significant changes in nematode diversity at genus level, with distinct nematode assemblages per sampling sites and presence of exclusive genera. All meiofaunal communities under study were dominated by nematodes. Further assessment of functional diversity on nematode assemblages exhibited changes as well on trophic groups and life strategies due to diverse feeding behaviors and c-p values of nematode genera. This study emphasize the need for lower level taxonomic identification of meiofaunal organisms and extending of ecological assessments on trophic diversity and life strategies to understanding functional consequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benthos" title="benthos">benthos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meiofauna" title=" meiofauna"> meiofauna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20genus-based%20diversity" title=" nematode genus-based diversity"> nematode genus-based diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20diversity" title=" functional diversity"> functional diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intertidal" title=" intertidal"> intertidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albanian%20adriatic%20coast" title=" albanian adriatic coast"> albanian adriatic coast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144773/characteristics-of-meiofaunal-communities-in-intertidal-habitats-along-albanian-adriatic-sea-coast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Japanese Quail Breeding: The Second in Poultry Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sma%C3%AF">A. Smaï</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Idouhar-Saadi"> H. Idouhar-Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia"> S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aboun"> A. Aboun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.Doumandji"> S.Doumandji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quail is the smallest member of the order fowl. His captive breeding has been practiced for centuries by the Japanese. Knowing that in the literature, it is mentioned that the end of lay is noted for the age of 6 months, our work has revealed a good egg production by females aged up to 35 weeks of age. In the same vein, our study focused on various parameters such as weight, diet and the number of eggs laid and this in order to better know the potential production and reproduction of domestic quail. Egg production has started from the 8th week of age of breeding, crop them and their counts are conducted daily basis until the age of 35 weeks. Indeed, biometric parameters are studied such as weight, length, and the largest diameter, the shape index, the index of shell, in order to analyze the physical condition of eggs by females of age. Until the age of 22 weeks, the eggs have maintained good biometric features. Japanese quail are best producing eggs. Hatchability is also considered. They are excellent poultry yields, since they begin laying eggs in two months and can provide abundant nesting with females over 8 months in our study. Other farms results reveal conclusions. Indeed, one aspect remains to be developed; it is the analysis of nutritional and therapeutic values of eggs over the age of females. The latter, given their wealth is a dietary supplement of animal origin with dietary value (it contains 0 cholesterol) that characterizes the quail eggs. Raising quail among other reproduction requires minimal when compared to other domestic birds space, this is the second breeding, in terms of importance after the chicken. Therefore, in the case of a farm that works exclusively in the production of eggs, requires minimal work and free space, as well as reduced costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20quail" title="Japanese quail">Japanese quail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction" title=" reproduction"> reproduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggs" title=" eggs"> eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title=" biometrics"> biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20age" title=" reproductive age"> reproductive age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25732/japanese-quail-breeding-the-second-in-poultry-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Activity of Some Plant Extracts on the Larvae and Eggs of Culex quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20El%20Maghrbi">A. A. El Maghrbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The control of vectors like mosquitoes based on the application of chemical insecticides but due to its adverse effect on the environment, and development of resistance by most of species of mosquitoes including vectors of important diseases. Ethanol and acetone extracts of nine species of plants (Allium tuberosum, Apium leptophylum, Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus, Euphorbia cotinofolia, Melia azedarach, Ocimum canum, Ricinus common, and Tagetes erecta) were tested in respect of their influence on the eggs and larvae of Culex quinquifasciatus in concentration 100, 10 and 1 mg/L. In relation to the survival of larvae, ethanol extract of O. canum and acetone extract of A.tuberosum in 100 mg/L have larvicide activity against L4 of Cx. quinquifasciatus. For hatching of eggs, ethanol and acetone extract of A.tuberosum (100 and 10 mg/L) and acetone extract of C.citratus (100 mg/L) produced reduction in the number of eggs hatched of Cx. quinquifasciatus. Our results indicate that each extract of the plant have potential to control mosquito population and suggest that further studies are needed in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cx.%20quinquefasciatus" title="Cx. quinquefasciatus">Cx. quinquefasciatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extract" title=" plant extract"> plant extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetone" title=" acetone"> acetone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae" title=" larvae"> larvae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggs" title=" eggs"> eggs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17441/activity-of-some-plant-extracts-on-the-larvae-and-eggs-of-culex-quinquefasciatus-in-the-laboratory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Study of Some Biometric Parameters of the Incubated Eggs and Unhatched Eggs Depending on the Age of Breeding in Domestic Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica (Aves, Phasianidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Sma%C3%AF">Amina Smaï</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habiba%20Idouhar-Saadi"> Habiba Idouhar-Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Zenia"> Safia Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fairouz%20Haddadj"> Fairouz Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salaheddine%20Doumandji"> Salaheddine Doumandji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poultry industry (chicken and egg consumption) has become important in Algeria, but that does not prevent other farms from beginning to position themselves on the ground like the turkey, guinea fowl, partridge and quail Japanese. The breeding importance of this last, reside, also in game meat, egg quality and their therapeutic role without forgetting its growth performance. To the same effect, a study was held at the center of Zeralda hunting on various parameters such as the weight and number of eggs laid and this in order to know better the potential of production and reproduction of domestic quail. Egg laying has started from the 8th week of reproductive age, their harvest and their counts are performed daily up to 32 weeks of age and more. We have given the biometrics of incubated eggs and unhatched eggs. The parameters studied were the weight, large and small diameter, density, volume, shell index and the shape index. The work revealed that the maximum weight in males is reached in the 11th week, against the female, he reached the 13th week of age. Indeed, there is a good correlation (R = 0.79) between the weight of females and egg production. The rate of unhatched eggs varies between 11 and 43%, these values are recorded respectively in breeding under the age of 25 and 43 weeks. Furthermore, the biometric parameters of hatched and unhatched eggs have differences that are marked, especially during the beginning and end of lay. Further results will be subsequently exploited. Indeed, rearing Japanese quail is easy in technical terms and does not require big investment but its practical application vigilance and daily presence of the breeder within the farm who oversees the hygiene and well-being of its poultry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20quail" title="Japanese quail">Japanese quail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title=" biometrics"> biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggs" title=" eggs"> eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unhatching%20eggs" title=" unhatching eggs"> unhatching eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction" title=" reproduction"> reproduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46612/study-of-some-biometric-parameters-of-the-incubated-eggs-and-unhatched-eggs-depending-on-the-age-of-breeding-in-domestic-japanese-quail-coturnix-japonica-aves-phasianidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Bioprophylaxis of Saprolegniasis in Incubated Clarias gariepinus Eggs Using Pyocyanin Extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Oladosu1">G. A. Oladosu1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20O.%20Ogbodogbo"> P. O. Ogbodogbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20I.%20Makinde1"> C. I. Makinde1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Tijani"> M. O. Tijani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Adegboyega"> O. A. Adegboyega</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saprolegniasis is a major pathogenic infection that contributes significantly to poor hatching rates in incubated fish eggs in the Africa catfish hatchery in Nigeria. Malachite green known to be very effective against this condition has been banned because it is carcinogenic. There is, therefore, the need for other effective yet safer methods of controlling saprolegniasis in incubated fish eggs. A total of 50 ml crude, chloroform extract of pyocyanin from which solvent was removed to attain 30 ml, having a concentration of 12.16 ug/ml was produced from 700 ml broth culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a previous study. In-vitro susceptibility of the fungus was investigated by exposing fungal infected eggs to two different time-concentration ratios of pyocyanin; 0.275 ug/ml and 2.75 ug/ml for 1 and 24 hours, and 5 mg/L malachite green as positive control while normal saline was the control. The efficacy of pyocyanin was evaluated using the degree of mycelial growth inhibition in different treatments. Fertilized Clarias gariepinus eggs (between 45 to 64 eggs) were then incubated in 20 ml of medium containing similar concentrations of pyocyanin and malachite green, with freshwater as a control for 24 hours. Hatching rates of the incubated eggs were observed. Three samples of un-hatched eggs were taken from each medium and observed for the presence of fungal pathogens using microscopy. Another batch of three samples of un-hatched eggs from each treatment was also inoculated on Sabourand dextrose agar (SDA) using Egg-Agar Transfer Technique to observe for fungal growth. Mycelial growth was inhibited in fungal infected eggs treated with 2.75 ug/ml for 24 hrs and the 5 mg/L malachite green for both 1 hr and 24 hrs. The mortality rate was 100% in fertilized C. gariepinus eggs exposed for 24 hrs to 0.275 and 2.75 ug/ml of pyocyanin. The mortality rate was least in malachite green followed by the control treatment. Embryonic development was observed to be arrested in the eggs treated with the two pyocyanin concentrations as they maintain their colour but showed no development beyond the gastrula stage, whereas viable eggs in the control and malachite green treatments developed fully into healthy hatchlings. Furthermore, microscopy of the un-hatched eggs revealed the presence of a protozoan ciliate; Colpidium sp, (Tetrahymenidae), as well as a pathogenic fungus; Saprolegnia sp. in the control but not in the malachite green and pyocyanin treatments. Growth of Saprolegnia sp was also observed in SDA culture of un-hatched eggs from the control, but not from pyocyanin and malachite green treated eggs. Pyocyanin treatment of incubated eggs of Clarias gariepinus effectively prevented fungal infection in the eggs, but also arrested the development of the embryo. Therefore, crude chloroform extract of pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot be used in the control of Saprolegniasis in incubated Clarias gariepinus eggs at the concentration and duration tested in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20catfish" title="African catfish">African catfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioprophylaxis" title=" bioprophylaxis"> bioprophylaxis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catfish%20embryo" title=" catfish embryo"> catfish embryo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saprolegniasis" title=" Saprolegniasis "> Saprolegniasis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116633/bioprophylaxis-of-saprolegniasis-in-incubated-clarias-gariepinus-eggs-using-pyocyanin-extracted-from-pseudomonas-aeruginosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> Consumer Behaviour and Experience When Purchasing Cage-Free Eggs in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chen">M. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lee"> H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Weary"> D. M. Weary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is the world’s largest egg producer, with more than 90% of production occurring in conventional cages. Cage-free housing systems offer the potential for improving hen welfare, but the growth of this system requires consumer demand, making it is important to understand consumers’ willingness to engage with cage-free eggs. Previous survey research indicates that the majority of Chinese consumers have a basic understanding of cage-free eggs and that some are willing to pay a price premium for these eggs. The aim of this research is to understand consumer behaviour, experience, and motivations when purchasing cage-free eggs in China. Purposive sampling will be used to select 20 participants from each of 2 groups: 1) consumers of cage-free eggs and 2) sales representatives who promote these eggs directly to consumers in supermarkets. This 4-month study will use methods of virtual ethnography to interact with participants repeatedly. Consumers will be asked to share their egg shopping, cooking, and eating experiences, and sales representatives will be asked to share their experiences promoting the eggs to consumers. Data collection will involve audio-recorded interviews, informal conversations (casual texts and calls), participant observation (video calling during shopping, cooking, and eating), and informant diaries (written reflections, photos, videos). All data (field notes, transcripts, diaries, photos, and videos) will be analyzed using Thematic Analysis. We expect that these will result in a nuanced understanding of consumer purchasing behaviour and motivation and will thus help identify strategies to promote higher animal welfare and cage-free egg products in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20welfare" title="animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cage-free%20eggs" title=" cage-free eggs"> cage-free eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behaviour" title=" consumer behaviour"> consumer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnography" title=" ethnography"> ethnography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148951/consumer-behaviour-and-experience-when-purchasing-cage-free-eggs-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Comparison of Bioactive Compound Content in Egg Yolk Oil Extracted from Eggs Obtained from Different Laying Hen Housing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandrs%20Kovalcuks">Aleksandrs Kovalcuks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egg yolk oil is a natural source of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins, pigments and others. Bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil depends from its content in eggs, from which oil was extracted. Many studies show that bioactive compound content in egg is correlated to the content of these compounds in hen feed, but there is also an opinion that hen housing systems also have influence on egg chemical content. The aim of this study was to determine which factor, laying hen housing system or hen diet, has a primary influence on bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil. The egg yolk oil was extracted from eggs obtained from 4 different hen housing systems: cage, barn and two groups of free range. All hens were fed with commercially produced compound feed except one group of free range hens which get free diet – pastured hens. Extracted egg yolk oils were analyzed for fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins and β-carotene content. α-tocopherol, ergocalcipherol and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in egg yolk oil was higher from eggs obtained from all housing systems where hens were fed with commercial compound feed. β-carotene and retinol content in egg yolk oils from free range free diet eggs was significantly (p>0.05) higher that from other eggs because hens have access to green forage. Hen physical activity in free range housing systems decreases content of some bioactive compound in egg yolk oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20yolk%20oil" title="egg yolk oil">egg yolk oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamins" title=" vitamins"> vitamins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caged%20eggs" title=" caged eggs"> caged eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20range" title=" free range"> free range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132/comparison-of-bioactive-compound-content-in-egg-yolk-oil-extracted-from-eggs-obtained-from-different-laying-hen-housing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Effect of Heavy Metals on the Life History Trait of Heterocephalobellus sp. and Cephalobus sp. (Nematode: Cephalobidae) Collected from a Small-Scale Mining Site, Davao de Oro, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alissa%20Jane%20S.%20Mondejar">Alissa Jane S. Mondejar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florifern%20C.%20Paglinawan"> Florifern C. Paglinawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanette%20Hope%20N.%20Sumaya"> Nanette Hope N. Sumaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joey%20Genevieve%20T.%20Martinez"> Joey Genevieve T. Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mylah%20Villacorte-Tabelin"> Mylah Villacorte-Tabelin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining is associated with increased heavy metals in the environment, and heavy metal contamination disrupts the activities of soil fauna, such as nematodes, causing changes in the function of the soil ecosystem. Previous studies found that nematode community composition and diversity indices were strongly affected by heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Cu, and Zn). In this study, the influence of heavy metals on nematode survivability and reproduction were investigated. Life history analysis of the free-living nematodes, Heterocephalobellus sp. and Cephalobus sp. (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) were assessed using the hanging drop technique, a technique often used in life history trait experiments. The nematodes were exposed to different temperatures, i.e.,20°C, 25°C, and 30°C, in different groups (control and heavy metal exposed) and fed with the same bacterial density of 1×109 Escherichia coli cells ml-1 for 30 days. Results showed that increasing temperature and exposure to heavy metals had a significant influence on the survivability and egg production of both species. Heterocephalobellus sp. and Cephalobus sp., when exposed to 20°C survived longer and produced few numbers of eggs but without subsequent hatching. Life history parameters of Heterocephalobellus sp. showed that the value of parameters was higher in the control group under net production rate (R0), fecundity (mx) which is also the same value for the total fertility rate (TFR), generation times (G0, G₁, and Gh) and Population doubling time (PDT). However, a lower rate of natural increase (rm) was observed since generation times were higher. Meanwhile, the life history parameters of Cephalobus sp. showed that the value of net production rate (R0) was higher in the exposed group. Fecundity (mx) which is also the same value for the TFR, G0, G1, Gh, and PDT, were higher in the control group. However, a lower rate of natural increase (rm) was observed since generation times were higher. In conclusion, temperature and exposure to heavy metals had a negative influence on the life history of the nematodes, however, further experiments should be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20and%20small-scale%20gold%20mining%20%28ASGM%29" title="artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM)">artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanging%20drop%20method" title=" hanging drop method"> hanging drop method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20history%20trait." title=" life history trait."> life history trait.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152680/effect-of-heavy-metals-on-the-life-history-trait-of-heterocephalobellus-sp-and-cephalobus-sp-nematode-cephalobidae-collected-from-a-small-scale-mining-site-davao-de-oro-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Meiobenthic Diversity off Pudimadaka, Bay of Bengal, East Coast of India with Special Reference to Free-Living Marine Nematodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Annapurna">C. Annapurna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20M.%20Srinivasa"> Rao M. Srinivasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhanu%20C.%20H.%20Vijaya"> Bhanu C. H. Vijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sivalakshmi"> M. Sivalakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20P.%20V.%20Surya"> Rao P. V. Surya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study on the community structure of meiobenthic fauna was undertaken during three cruises (June 2008, October 2008 and March 2009). Ten stations at depth between 10 and 40 m off Pudimadaka in Visakhapatnam (Lat.17º29′12″N and Long. 83º00′09″), East coast of India were investigated. Ninety species representing 3 major (meiofaunal) taxa namely foraminifera (2), copepoda (9), nematoda (58) and polychaeta (21) were encountered. Overall, meiofaunal (mean) abundance ranged from 2 individuals to 63 ind. 10cm-² with an average of 24.3 ind.10cm-2. The meiobenthic biomass varied between 0.135 to 0.48 mg.10cm-2 with an average 0.27 ± 0.12. On the whole, nematodes constituted 73.62% of the meiofauna in terms of numerical abundance. Shannon –Wiener index values were 2.053 ± 0.64 (June, 2008), 2.477 ± 0.177 (October 2008) and 2.2815±0.24 (March 2009). Multivariate analyses were used to define the most important taxon in nematode assemblages. Three nematode associations could be recognized off Pudimadaka coast, namely Laimella longicaudata, Euchromodora vulgaris and Sabatieria elongata assemblage (June, 2008); Catanema sp. and Leptosomatum sp. assemblage (October 2008) assemblage; Sabatieria sp. and Setosabatieria sp. assemblage (March 2009). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature, organic matter, silt and mean particle diameter were important in controlling nematode community structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meiofauna" title="meiofauna">meiofauna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20nematode" title=" marine nematode"> marine nematode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20structure" title=" community structure"> community structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36370/meiobenthic-diversity-off-pudimadaka-bay-of-bengal-east-coast-of-india-with-special-reference-to-free-living-marine-nematodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Visualization of Interaction between Pochonia Chlamydosporia and Meloidogyne Incognita and Their Impact on Tomato Crop </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saifullah%20K.">Saifullah K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naziruddin%20Saifullah"> Muhammad Naziruddin Saifullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N."> Muhammad N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bio control potential and mechanism of P. chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in the present study. Under invitro conditions, P. chlamydosporia was tested for parasitism of eggs and females of M. incognita. The results indicated that this fungus parasitized 87% eggs and 82% females. Culture filtrate (CF) of P. chlamydosporia was tested for its larvicide activity against M. incognita 2nd stage juvenile. The maximum mortality was 97.3% at 100% concentration of the culture filtrate while minimum mortality was 7.3% in 25% concentration after 24 hrs. The result of the pot experiment proved that P. chlamydosporia has reduced the incidence of RKN and improved all tested agronomic growth parameters. The treatment with inoculated M. incognita alone reduced plant height, fresh shoot, and fresh root weight by 44.7%, 29.8%, and 32.8% respectively over uninoculated healthy control. Histopathological studies on the interaction of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Meloidogyne incognita on tomato roots revealed anatomical changes among treatments. Less number of galls with small in size and scarcer abnormalities in the vascular cylinder was observed in plants inoculated with P. chlamydosporia and M. incognita than the plants treated with nematode only. The fungus was seen in in the intercellular spaces of cortical and epidermal cells while the vascular bundles of the plant remain intact, inoculated only with P. chlamydosporia. In the infected roots, many mature females were seen which feed on giant cells. The findings also revealed that control healthy plants were not affected and no histological changes were noted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title="histopathology">histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pochonia%20chlamydosporia" title=" Pochonia chlamydosporia"> Pochonia chlamydosporia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meloidogyne%20incognita" title=" Meloidogyne incognita"> Meloidogyne incognita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato "> tomato </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121166/visualization-of-interaction-between-pochonia-chlamydosporia-and-meloidogyne-incognita-and-their-impact-on-tomato-crop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Application of Metarhizium anisopliae against Meloidogyne javanica in Soil Amended with Oak Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Abdollahi">Mohammad Abdollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomato (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em> Mill.) is one of the most popular, widely grown and the second most important vegetable crop, after potatoes. Nematodes have been identified as one of the major pests affecting tomato production throughout the world. The most destructive nematodes are the genus <em>Meloidogyne</em>. Most widespread and devastating species of this genus are <em>M. incognita</em>, <em>M. javanica</em>, and <em>M. arenaria</em>. These species can cause complete crop loss under adverse growing conditions. There are several potential methods for management of the root knot nematodes. Although the chemicals are widely used against the phytonematodes, because of hazardous effects of these compounds on non-target organisms and on the environment, there is a need to develop other control strategies. Nowadays, non-chemical measures are widely used to control the plant parasitic nematodes. Biocontrol of phytonematodes is an important method among environment-friendly measures of nematode management. There are some soil-inhabiting fungi that have biocontrol potential on phytonematodes, which can be used in nematode management program. The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, originally is an entomopathogenic bioagent. Biocontrol potential of this fungus on some phytonematodes has been reported earlier. Recently, use of organic soil amendments as well as the use of bioagents is under special attention in sustainable agriculture. This research aimed to reduce the pesticide use in control of root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em> in tomato. The effects of <em>M. anisopliae</em> IMI 330189 and different levels of oak tree debris on <em>M. javanica </em>were determined. The combination effect of the fungus as well as the different rates of soil amendments was determined. Pots were filled with steam pasteurized soil mixture and the six leaf tomato seedlings were inoculated with 3000 second stage larvae of <em>M. javanica</em>/kg of soil. After eight weeks, plant growth parameters and nematode reproduction factors were compared. Based on the results of our experiment, combination of <em>M. anisopliae</em> IMI 330189 and oak debris caused more than 90% reduction in reproduction factor of nematode, at the rates of 100 and 150 g/kg soil (P ≤ 0.05). As compared to control, the reduction in number of galls was 76%. It was 86% for nematode reproduction factor, showing the significance of combined effect of both tested agents. Our results showed that plant debris can increase the biological activity of the tested bioagent. It was also proved that there was no adverse effect of oak debris, which potentially has antimicrobial activity, on antagonistic power of applied bioagent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20management" title=" nematode management"> nematode management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20soil" title=" organic soil"> organic soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quercus%20branti" title=" Quercus branti"> Quercus branti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20knot%20nematode" title=" root knot nematode"> root knot nematode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20amendment" title=" soil amendment"> soil amendment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82033/application-of-metarhizium-anisopliae-against-meloidogyne-javanica-in-soil-amended-with-oak-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Evaluation of Nematicidal Action of Some Botanicals on Plant-Parasitic Nematode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakshita%20Awasthi"> Yakshita Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepika"> Deepika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lovleen%20Jha"> Lovleen Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archna%20Kumar"> Archna Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the back of centuries, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) have been recognized as a major threat to agriculturalists globally. It causes 21.3% global food loss annually. The utilization of harmful chemical pesticides to minimize the nematode population may cause acute and delayed health hazards and harmful impacts on human health. In recent years, a variety of plants have been evaluated for their nematicidal properties and efficacy in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Several Phyto-nematicides are available, but most of them are incapable of sustainable management of PPN, especially Meloidogyne spp. Thus, there is a great need for a new eco-friendly, highly efficient, sustainable control measure for this nematode species. Keeping all these facts and after reviewing the literature, aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus, Tagetes erecta, and Azadirachta indica were prepared by adding distilled water (1 g sample mixed with 10ml of water). In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacious nature of targeted botanicals against PPN Meloidogyne spp. The mortality status of PPN was recorded by counting the live and dead individuals after applying 100μl of selected extract. The impact was observed at different time durations, i.e., 24h and 48h. The result showed that the highest 100% mortality was at 48h in all three extracts. Thus, these extracts, with the addition of a suitable shelf-life enhancer, may be exploited in different nematode control programs as an economical, sustainable measure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meloidogyne" title="Meloidogyne">Meloidogyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopogon%20citratus" title=" Cymbopogon citratus"> Cymbopogon citratus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tagetes%20erecta" title=" Tagetes erecta"> Tagetes erecta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadirachta%20indica" title=" Azadirachta indica"> Azadirachta indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematicidal" title=" nematicidal"> nematicidal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149073/evaluation-of-nematicidal-action-of-some-botanicals-on-plant-parasitic-nematode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Correlation of the Biometric Parameters of Eggs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia">S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Menasseria"> A. Menasseria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Kheidous"> A. E. Kheidous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Lariouna"> F. Lariouna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Smai"> A. Smai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saadi"> H. Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Milla"> A. Milla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Marniche"> F. Marniche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to estimate the correlation ship between different pheasant external egg quality traits. A total of 938 eggs were collected. Egg weight (g), egg length (mm), egg width (mm), volume (cm3), shape index egg, surface area and water loss were measured. The overall mean values obtained for the different variables are respectively 29.2 ± 2,24, 43.01 ± 1,84, 34.05 ± 1,44, 25.63 ± 2.88 cm3, 79.00 ± 3%, 68% and 13%. Concerning studied regressions, it was considered only the most important regressions. Those that show significant links between the different parameters studied. The ANOVA procedure was applied to estimate correlations for the examined traits. The weights of the eggs being observed before incubation and before hatching are linearly correlated with a positive correlation coefficient of order 0.75. Egg length and the weight before incubation had a good and positive correlation with a coefficient r = 0.6. However, density had high and negative correlations with egg height r = -0.78. Shape index had a good linear and negative r= - 0.71 correlation with water loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg" title=" egg"> egg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometry%20of%20eggs" title=" morphometry of eggs"> morphometry of eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20of%20variance" title=" analysis of variance"> analysis of variance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40337/correlation-of-the-biometric-parameters-of-eggs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Effects of Green Walnut Husk and Olive Pomace Extracts on Growth of Tomato Plants and Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasemin%20Kavdir">Yasemin Kavdir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Gozel"> Ugur Gozel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal activity of green walnut husk (GWH) and olive pomace (OP) extracts against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Aqueous extracts of GWH and OP were mixed with sandy loam soil at the rates of 0, 6,12,18,24, 60 and 120 ml kg-1. All pots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times under controlled atmosphere conditions. Tomato seedlings were grown in sterilized soil then they were transplanted to pots. Inoculation was done by pouring the 20 ml suspension including 1000 M. incognita juvenile pot-1 into 3 cm deep hole made around the base of the plant root. Tomato root and shoot growth and nematode populations have been determined. In general, both GWH and OP extracts resulted in better growth parameters compared to the control plants. However, GWH extract was the most effective in improving growth parameters. Applications of 24 ml kg-1 OP extract enhanced plant growth compared to other OP treatments while 60 ml kg-1 application rate had the lowest nematode number and root galling. In this study, applications of GWH and OP extracts reduced the number of Meloidogyne incognita and root galling compared to control soils. Additionally GWH and OP extracts can be used safely for tomato growth. It could be concluded that OP and GWH extracts used as organic amendments showed promising nematicidal activity in the control of M. incognita. This research was supported by TUBİTAK Grant Number 214O422. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20pomace" title="olive pomace">olive pomace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20walnut%20husk" title=" green walnut husk"> green walnut husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meloidogyne%20incognita" title=" Meloidogyne incognita"> Meloidogyne incognita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title=" extract"> extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74902/effects-of-green-walnut-husk-and-olive-pomace-extracts-on-growth-of-tomato-plants-and-root-knot-nematode-meloidogyne-incognita" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nematode%20eggs&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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