CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html lang="en">  <head> <script id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="93220d3c-5738-4b15-a10e-d8855ae62d94" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M6ZTFP7');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials | EQUATOR Network</title>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">  <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/css/flexslider.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/css/base.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/css/skeleton.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/css/layout.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/css/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" />  <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/js/modernizr.js"></script>   <link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.equator-network.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $(".mobile-nav-toggle").click(function() { $('.mobile-nav').toggle(); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2882310-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EQUATOR Network » Feed" href="https://www.equator-network.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="EQUATOR Network » Comments Feed" href="https://www.equator-network.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpo_min-header-0-css' href='https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-header-4dda0cb8.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailchimp_sf_main_css-css' href='https://www.equator-network.org/?mcsf_action=main_css&ver=1.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpo_min-header-2-css' href='https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-header-0fab35db.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-header-7b8c0e4a.min.js" id="wpo_min-header-0-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.equator-network.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.equator-network.org/?p=5515' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equator-network.org%2Freporting-guidelines%2Fconsort%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equator-network.org%2Freporting-guidelines%2Fconsort%2F&format=xml" /> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function($) { $('.date-pick').each(function() { var format = $(this).data('format') || 'mm/dd/yyyy'; format = format.replace(/yyyy/i, 'yy'); $(this).datepicker({ autoFocusNextInput: true, constrainInput: false, changeMonth: true, changeYear: true, beforeShow: function(input, inst) { $('#ui-datepicker-div').addClass('show'); }, dateFormat: format.toLowerCase(), }); }); d = new Date(); $('.birthdate-pick').each(function() { var format = $(this).data('format') || 'mm/dd'; format = format.replace(/yyyy/i, 'yy'); $(this).datepicker({ autoFocusNextInput: true, constrainInput: false, changeMonth: true, changeYear: false, minDate: new Date(d.getFullYear(), 1-1, 1), maxDate: new Date(d.getFullYear(), 12-1, 31), beforeShow: function(input, inst) { $('#ui-datepicker-div').removeClass('show'); }, dateFormat: format.toLowerCase(), }); }); }); </script> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> #ccc-icon { bottom: -21px !important; } </style> </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M6ZTFP7" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="skip" href="#maincontent">skip to main content</a> <div class="container"> <div class="five columns logo"> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org"><img src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/themes/equator/images/equator_logo.png" alt="Equator network"></a> </div> <div class="seven columns tagline"> <p>Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research</p> </div> <div class="four columns spanish"> <div class="text"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/website-translation/">Website translation help</a> </div> </div>  <div class="sixteen columns nav"> <ul id="menu-main" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-5371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-5371"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6106"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5492" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5492"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/">Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5508"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/toolkits/">Toolkits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9306" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9306"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/events/upcoming-events/">Courses & events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5493" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5493"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6321"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/blog/">Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5374" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5374"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="sixteen columns"> <div class="mobile-nav-toggle"><a href="#">Navigate this website</a></div> </div> <div class="sixteen columns"> <div class="mobile-nav"><div class="menu-main-container"><ul id="menu-main-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-5371"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6106"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5492"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/">Library</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5508"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/toolkits/">Toolkits</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9306"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/events/upcoming-events/">Courses & events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5493"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6321"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/category/blog/">Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5374"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="sixteen columns breadcrumbs"> <div id="crumbs" xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#"><span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/">Home</a></span> > <span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="/library">Library</a></span> > <span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="https://www.equator-network.org//reporting-guidelines/">Reporting guideline</a></span> > <span class="current">CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials</span></div> </div> <div class="eleven columns content report"> <h1 class="title">Search for reporting guidelines</h1> <p>Use your browser's Back button to return to your search results</p> <h4> <span class="notranslate">CONSORT</span> 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials</h4>   <table class="record"> <colgroup> <col width="200px" /> <col /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="label">Reporting guideline provided for?<br />(i.e. exactly what the authors state in the paper)</td> <td>Reporting of parallel group randomised trials.<br /> <br />  <br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/CONSORT-2010-Checklist.doc">CONSORT 2010 Checklist (Word)</a><br /> <br />  </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Full bibliographic reference</td> <td><span class="notranslate">Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, for the CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials.<br /> <br /> This guideline was published simultaneously in 9 journals. You can read the guideline in any of these journals using the links below.<br /> <br /> Ann Int Med. 2010;152(11):726-32. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335313">20335313</a><br /> BMC Medicine. 2010;8:18. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334633">20334633</a><br /> BMJ. 2010;340:c332. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20332509">20332509</a><br /> J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8): 834-40. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20346629">20346629</a><br /> Lancet. 2010;375(9721):1136 <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2960413-8/fulltext">supplementary webappendix</a><br /> Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(5):1063-70. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410783">20410783</a><br /> Open Med. 2010;4(1):60-68. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21686296" rel="noopener noreferrer">21686296</a><br /> PLoS Med. 2010;7(3): e1000251. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20352064">20352064</a><br /> Trials. 2010;11:32. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334632">20334632</a><br /> <br />  </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Language</td> <td>English</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Explanation and elaboration papers</td> <td><div class="notranslate">Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG, for the CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trial.<br /> <br /> The explanation and elaboration paper for this guideline was published simultaneously in 2 journals. You can read the explanation and elaboration paper in any of these journals using the links below.<br /> <br /> BMJ. 2010;340:c869. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20332511">20332511</a><br /> J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8): e1-e37. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20346624">20346624</a><br /> <br />  </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Availability in additional languages</td> <td>CONSORT 2010 has been translated into the following languages: Chinese; French; German; Greek; Italian; Japanese; Persian; Polish; Portuguese; Russian; Spanish; Turkish.<br /> <br /> Visit our translations page to find out what other reporting guidelines are available in languages other than English: <a href="/library/translations-of-reporting-guidelines/">reporting guideline translations</a><br /> <br />  </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Relevant more generic / specialised reporting guidelines<br />(i.e. main generic guideline or extension to a generic guideline)</td> <td><div class="notranslate"><strong>Specialised<br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-harms/">CONSORT Harms</a></strong>: Junqueira DR, Zorzela L, Golder S, Loke Y, Gagnier JJ, Julious SA, Li T, Mayo-Wilson E, Pham B, Phillips R, Santaguida P, Scherer RW, Gøtzsche PC, Moher D, Ioannidis JPA, Vohra S; CONSORT Harms Group. CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomized trials.<br /> BMJ. 2023;381:e073725. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37094878/">37094878</a><br /> J Clin Epidemiol. 2023:S0895-4356(23)00090-2. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37100738/">37100738</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-non-inferiority/"><strong>CONSORT Non-inferiority</strong></a>: Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Pocock SJ, Evans SJW, Altman DG, for the CONSORT Group. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials. Extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement. JAMA. 2012; 308(24): 2594-2604. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23268518" rel="noopener noreferrer">23268518</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-cluster/"><strong>CONSORT Cluster</strong></a>: Campbell MK, Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Altman DG; CONSORT Group. Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ. 2012;345:e5661. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951546" rel="noopener noreferrer">22951546</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-herbal/"><strong>CONSORT Herbal</strong></a>: Gagnier JJ, Boon H, Rochon P, Moher D, Barnes J, Bombardier C, for the CONSORT Group. Reporting randomized, controlled trials of herbal interventions: an elaborated CONSORT Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(5):364-367. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16520478">16520478</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-non-pharmacological/"><strong>CONSORT Non-pharmacological treatment interventions</strong></a>: Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D, Schulz KF, Ravaud P; CONSORT NPT Group. CONSORT Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments: A 2017 Update and a CONSORT Extension for Nonpharmacologic Trial Abstracts. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(1):40-47. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28630973" rel="noopener">28630973</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-abstracts/"><strong>CONSORT Abstracts</strong></a>: Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, Wager E, Middleton P, Altman DG, Schulz KF, the CONSORT Group. CONSORT for reporting randomized controlled trials in journal and conference abstracts: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2008; 5(1):e20. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18215107">18215107</a><br /> <br /> Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, Wager E, Middleton P, Altman DG, Schulz KF, the CONSORT Group. CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):281-3. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18221781">18221781</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-pragmatic/"><strong>CONSORT Pragmatic Trials</strong></a>: Zwarenstein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, Altman DG, Tunis S, Haynes B, Oxman AD, Moher D; CONSORT group; Pragmatic Trials in Healthcare (Practihc) group. Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. BMJ. 2008;337:a2390. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19001484">19001484</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-stricta/"><strong>STRICTA Controlled trials of acupuncture</strong></a>: MacPherson H, Altman DG, Hammerschlag R, Youping L, Taixiang W, White A, Moher D; STRICTA Revision Group. Revised STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement. PLoS Med. 2010;7(6):e1000261. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20543992">20543992</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-pro/"><strong>CONSORT PRO</strong></a>: Calvert M, Blazeby J, Altman DG, Revicki DA, Moher D, Brundage MD; CONSORT PRO Group. Reporting of patient-reported outcomes in randomized trials: the CONSORT PRO extension. JAMA. 2013;309(8):814-22. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23443445">23443445</a><br /> <br /> <strong><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-cent/">CONSORT-CENT</a></strong>: Vohra S, Shamseer L, Sampson M, Bukutu C, Schmid CH, Tate R, Nikles J, Zucker DR, Kravitz R, Guyatt G, Altman DG, Moher D; CENT group. CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015 Statement.BMJ. 2015;350:h1738. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976398" rel="noopener noreferrer">25976398</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/the-consort-statement-application-within-and-adaptations-for-orthodontic-trials/"><strong>CONSORT for orthodontic trials</strong></a>: Pandis N, Fleming PS, Hopewell S, Altman DG. The CONSORT Statement: Application within and adaptations for orthodontic trials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(6):663-679. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038070" rel="noopener noreferrer">26038070</a><br /> <br /> <strong><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/tidier/">TIDieR</a></strong>: Hoffmann T, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman D, Barbour V, Macdonald H, Johnston M, Lamb S, Dixon-Woods M, McCulloch P, Wyatt J, Chan A, Michie S. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348:g1687. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24609605" rel="noopener noreferrer">24609605</a><br /> <br /> <strong><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/reporting-guidelines-for-health-care-simulation-research-extensions-to-the-consort-and-strobe-statements/">Simulation Research</a></strong>: Cheng A, Kessler D, Mackinnon R, Chang TP, Nadkarni VM, Hunt EA, Duval-Arnould J, Lin Y, Cook DA, Pusic M, Hui J, Moher D, Egger M, Auerbach M; International Network for Simulation-based Pediatric Innovation, Research, and Education (INSPIRE) Reporting Guidelines Investigators. Reporting Guidelines for Health Care Simulation Research: Extensions to the CONSORT and STROBE Statements. Simul Healthc. 2016;11(4):238-248. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27465839" rel="noopener noreferrer">27465839</a><br /> <br /> <strong><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-2010-statement-extension-to-randomised-pilot-and-feasibility-trials/">CONSORT for pilot and feasibility trials</a></strong>: Eldridge SM, Chan CL, Campbell MJ, Bond CM, Hopewell S, Thabane L, Lancaster GA; on behalf of the PAFS consensus group. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. Pilot and Feasibility Stud. 2016;2:64. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965879" rel="noopener noreferrer">27965879</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-chinese-herbal-medicine-formulas/"><strong>CONSORT-CHM formulas</strong></a>: Cheng C-W, Wu T-X, Shang H-C, Li Y-P, Altman DG, Moher D, Bian Z-X; for the CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017 Group. CONSORT Extension for Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas 2017: Recommendations, Explanation, and Elaboration. 2017. Ann Intern Med. <a href="http://annals.org/aim/article/2633843/consort-extension-chinese-herbal-medicine-formulas-2017-recommendations-explanation-elaboration" rel="noopener noreferrer">Link to full-text</a>.<br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-within-person-randomised-trials/"><strong>CONSORT for within person randomised trials</strong></a>: Pandis N, Chung B, Scherer RW, Elbourne D, Altman DG. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension checklist for reporting within person randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;357:j2835. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667088" rel="noopener noreferrer">28667088</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-equity/"><strong>CONSORT Equity</strong></a>: Welch VA, Norheim OF, Jull J, Cookson R, Sommerfelt H, Tugwell P; CONSORT-Equity and Boston Equity Symposium. CONSORT-Equity 2017 extension and elaboration for better reporting of health equity in randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5085. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29170161" rel="noopener">29170161</a><br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-spi/"><strong>CONSORT-SPI</strong></a>: Montgomery P, Grant S, Mayo-Wilson E, Macdonald G, Michie S, Hopewell S, Moher D; on behalf of the CONSORT-SPI Group. Reporting randomised trials of social and psychological interventions: the CONSORT-SPI 2018 Extension. Trials. 2018;19:407. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30060754" rel="noopener">30060754</a><br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/reporting-of-stepped-wedge-cluster-randomised-trials-extension-of-the-consort-2010-statement-with-explanation-and-elaboration/"><strong>Stepped wedge cluster randomised trials</strong></a>: Hemming K, Taljaard M, McKenzie JE, Hooper R, Copas A, Thompson JA, Dixon-Woods M, Aldcroft A, Doussau A, Grayling M, Kristunas C, Goldstein CE, Campbell MK, Girling A, Eldridge S, Campbell MJ, Lilford RJ, Weijer C, Forbes AB, Grimshaw JM. Reporting of stepped wedge cluster randomised trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2018;363:k1614. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30413417" rel="noopener">30413417</a><br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-multi-arm-parallel-group-randomized-trials/"><strong>CONSORT for multi-arm parallel-group randomised trials</strong></a>: Juszczak E, Altman DG, Hopewell S, Schulz K. Reporting of Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement. JAMA. 2019;321(16):1610-1620. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31012939" rel="noopener">31012939</a><br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-2010-statement-extension-to-randomised-crossover-trials/"><strong>CONSORT 2010 extension to randomised crossover trials</strong></a>: Dwan K, Li T, Altman DG, Elbourne D. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised crossover trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4378. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31366597" rel="noopener">31366597</a><br /> <br /> <a href="http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-extension-for-reporting-n-of-1-trials-for-traditional-chinese-medicine/"><strong>CENT for TCM</strong></a>: Li J, Hu JY, Zhai JB, Niu JQ, Kwong JSW, Ge L, Li B, Wang Q, Wang XQ, Wei D, Tian JH, Ma B, Yang KH, Dai M, Tian GH, Shang HC; CENT for TCM Working Group. CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials for traditional Chinese medicine (CENT for TCM): Recommendations, explanation and elaboration. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:180-188. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31519276" rel="noopener">31519276</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/standards-for-reporting-interventions-in-clinical-trials-of-cupping-strictoc-extending-the-consort-statement/"><strong>STRICTOC</strong></a>: Zhang X, Tian R, Lam WC, Duan Y, Liu F, Zhao C, Wu T, Shang H, Tang X, Lyu A, Bian Z. Standards for reporting interventions in clinical trials of cupping (STRICTOC): extending the CONSORT statement. Chin Med. 2020;15:10. PMID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32021646" rel="noopener">32021646</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/the-adaptive-designs-consort-extension-ace-statement/"><strong>ACE Statement</strong></a>: Dimairo M, Pallmann P, Wason J, Todd S, Jaki T, Julious SA, Mander AP, Weir CJ, Koenig F, Walton MK, Nicholl JP, Coates E, Biggs K, Hamasaki T, Proschan MA, Scott JA, Ando Y, Hind D, Altman DG; ACE Consensus Group. The adaptive designs CONSORT extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design.<br /> BMJ. 2020;369:m115. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32554564/" rel="noopener">32554564</a><br /> Trials. 2020;21(1):528. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32546273/" rel="noopener">32546273</a><br /> <br /> <strong><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-artificial-intelligence/">CONSORT-AI</a></strong>: Liu X, Rivera SC, Moher D, Calvert MJ, Denniston AK; on behalf of the SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Working Group. Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension.<br /> BMJ 2020;370:m3164. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909959/">32909959</a><br /> Nat Med. 2020:26(9):1364–1374. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32908283/">32908283</a><br /> Lancet Digital Health. 2020;2(10):e537-e548. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33328048/">33328048</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-routine/"><strong>CONSORT-ROUTINE</strong></a>: Kwakkenbos L, Imran M, McCall SJ, McCord KA, Fröbert O, Hemkens LG, Zwarenstein M, Relton C, Rice DB, Langan SM, Benchimol EI, Thabane L, Campbell MK, Sampson M, Erlinge D, Verkooijen HM, Moher D, Boutron I, Ravaud P, Nicholl J, Uher R, Sauvé M, Fletcher J, Torgerson D, Gale C, Juszczak E, Thombs BD. CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE): checklist with explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2021;373:n857. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33926904/">33926904</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/guidelines-for-reporting-outcomes-in-trial-reports-the-consort-outcomes-2022-extension/"><strong>CONSORT-Outcomes</strong></a>: Butcher NJ, Monsour A, Mew EJ, Chan AW, Moher D, Mayo-Wilson E, Terwee CB, Chee-A-Tow A, Baba A, Gavin F, Grimshaw JM, Kelly LE, Saeed L, Thabane L, Askie L, Smith M, Farid-Kapadia M, Williamson PR, Szatmari P, Tugwell P, Golub RM, Monga S, Vohra S, Marlin S, Ungar WJ, Offringa M. Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Reports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension. JAMA. 2022;328(22):2252-2264. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36511921/">36511921</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-define/"><strong>CONSORT-DEFINE</strong></a>: Yap C, Solovyeva O, de Bono J, Rekowski J, Patel D, Jaki T, Mander A, Evans TRJ, Peck R, Hayward KS, Hopewell S, Ursino M, Rantell KR, Calvert M, Lee S, Kightley A, Ashby D, Chan AW, Garrett-Mayer E, Isaacs JD, Golub R, Kholmanskikh O, Richards D, Boix O, Matcham J, Seymour L, Ivy SP, Marshall LV, Hommais A, Liu R, Tanaka Y, Berlin J, Espinasse A, Dimairo M, Weir CJ. Enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials: CONSORT Dose-finding Extension (CONSORT-DEFINE) guidance. BMJ. 2023;383:e076387. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37863501/">37863501</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/reporting-of-factorial-randomized-trials-extension-of-the-consort-2010-statement/"><strong>CONSORT Factorial</strong></a>: Kahan BC, Hall SS, Beller EM, Birchenall M, Chan AW, Elbourne D, Little P, Fletcher J, Golub RM, Goulao B, Hopewell S, Islam N, Zwarenstein M, Juszczak E, Montgomery AA. Reporting of Factorial Randomized Trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement. JAMA. 2023;330(21):2106-2114. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38051324/">38051324</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-surrogate/"><strong>CONSORT-Surrogate</strong></a>: Manyara AM, Davies P, Stewart D, Weir CJ, Young AE, Blazeby J, Butcher NJ, Bujkiewicz S, Chan AW, Dawoud D, Offringa M, Ouwens M, Hróbjartssson A, Amstutz A, Bertolaccini L, Bruno VD, Devane D, Faria CDCM, Gilbert PB, Harris R, Lassere M, Marinelli L, Markham S, Powers JH 3rd, Rezaei Y, Richert L, Schwendicke F, Tereshchenko LG, Thoma A, Turan A, Worrall A, Christensen R, Collins GS, Ross JS, Taylor RS, Ciani O. Reporting of surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trial reports (CONSORT-Surrogate): extension checklist with explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2024;386:e078524. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38981645/">38981645</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/reporting-guidelines-for-randomised-controlled-trial-reports-of-implantable-neurostimulation-devices-the-consort-ineurostim-extension/"><strong>CONSORT-iNeurostim</strong></a>: Duarte RV, Bresnahan R, Copley S, Eldabe S, Thomson S, North RB, Baranidharan G, Levy RM, Collins GS, Taylor RS. Reporting guidelines for randomised controlled trial reports of implantable neurostimulation devices: the CONSORT-iNeurostim extension. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;78:102932. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39606687/">39606687</a><br /> <br /> <a href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/reporting-of-cluster-randomised-crossover-trials-extension-of-the-consort-2010-statement-with-explanation-and-elaboration/"><strong>CONSORT CRXO</strong></a>: McKenzie JE, Taljaard M, Hemming K, Arnup SJ, Giraudeau B, Eldridge S, Hooper R, Kahan BC, Li T, Moher D, Turner EL, Grimshaw JM, Forbes AB. Reporting of cluster randomised crossover trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2025;388:e080472. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39761979/">39761979</a><br /> <br />  </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Reporting guideline website URL</td> <td><a href="https://www.consort-spirit.org/" target="_blank">https://www.consort-spirit.org/</a> <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Reporting guideline acronym</td> <td><span class="notranslate">CONSORT</span></td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="label">Study design</td> <td>Clinical trials, Experimental studies</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Applies to the whole report or to individual sections of the report?</td> <td>Whole report</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Previous versions of this guideline / Guideline history</td> <td>CONSORT 2001</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Other</td> <td>Contextualisation guidance for using the CONSORT guideline to report deprescribing trials has been developed:<br /> Blom JW, Muth C, Glasziou P, McCormack JP, Perera R, Poortvliet RKE, Numans ME, Thürmann P, Thiem U, Thio SL, Van Driel M, Beyer M, Van den Akker M, Knottnerus JA. Describing deprescribing trials better: an elaboration of the CONSORT statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2020;127:87-95. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32707072/">32707072</a><br /> <br />  </td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="label">Additional information</td> <td>Guidance for developing protocols for clinical trials is provided in the SPIRIT 2013 Statement. For further details please visit: <a href="/reporting-guidelines/spirit-2013-statement-defining-standard-protocol-items-for-clinical-trials/">SPIRIT Statement</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Selected relevant editorials</td> <td>Betz CL. Adoption of CONSORT statements for randomized control trials published in the Journal of Pediatric Nursing. J Pediatr Nurs. 2011;26(3):177-8. PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601140">21601140</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label">Record last updated on</td> <td>February 14, 2025</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="five columns"> <div class="five columns alpha report-guidelines"> <h3 class="title">Reporting guidelines for main study types</h3> <table class="krg-table"> <colgroup> <col width="100%"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=experimental-studies&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=">Randomised trials</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/">CONSORT</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+CONSORT+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=observational-studies&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+&eq_guidelines_study_design_sub_cat=0">Observational studies</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/">STROBE</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+STROBE+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=systematic-reviews-and-meta-analyses&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+">Systematic reviews</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/">PRISMA</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=PRISMA+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=study-protocols&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+">Study protocols</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/spirit-2013-statement-defining-standard-protocol-items-for-clinical-trials/">SPIRIT</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma-protocols/">PRISMA-P</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=diagnostic-prognostic-studies&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=">Diagnostic/prognostic studies</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/stard/">STARD</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/tripod-statement/">TRIPOD</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=case+report&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Case reports</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/care/">CARE</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=CARE+case+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=clinical-practice-guidelines&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=">Clinical practice guidelines</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/the-agree-reporting-checklist-a-tool-to-improve-reporting-of-clinical-practice-guidelines/">AGREE</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/right-statement/">RIGHT</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=qualitative-research&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=">Qualitative research</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/srqr/">SRQR</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/coreq/">COREQ</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=animal-pre-clinical-research&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+">Animal pre-clinical studies</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/improving-bioscience-research-reporting-the-arrive-guidelines-for-reporting-animal-research/">ARRIVE</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=quality-improvement-studies&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+">Quality improvement studies</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/squire/">SQUIRE</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=SQUIRE+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 140px; display: inline-block"><a class="report-title" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=economic-evaluations&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=+">Economic evaluations</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/cheers/">CHEERS</a></div> <div style="width: 90px; display: inline-block"><a class="notranslate" href="https://www.equator-network.org/?post_type=eq_guidelines&eq_guidelines_study_design=0&eq_guidelines_clinical_specialty=0&eq_guidelines_report_section=0&s=CHEERS+extension&btn_submit=Search+Reporting+Guidelines">Extensions</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class=" text-4 widget_text five columns alpha news archive green"><h3 class="title">Translations</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>Some reporting guidelines are also available in languages other than English. Find out more in our <A HREF="http://www.equator-network.org/library/translations-of-reporting-guidelines/" TITLE="Visit the Translations section">Translations section</A>.</p> </div> </div><div class=" text-3 widget_text five columns alpha news archive green"><h3 class="title">About the Library</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>For information about Library scope and content, identification of reporting guidelines and inclusion/exclusion criteria please visit <A HREF="http://www.equator-network.org/library/about-the-library/"TITLE="Visit the About the Library page">About the Library</A>.</p> <p>Visit our <A HREF="http://www.equator-network.org/help/" TITLE="Visit the Help page">Help page</A> for information about searching for reporting guidelines and for general information about using our website.</p> </div> </div><div class="five columns alpha news archive green"><h3 class="title">Library index</h3><div class="menu-library-pages-container"><ul id="menu-library-pages" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-17134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17134"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/what-is-a-reporting-guideline/">What is a reporting guideline?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5731"><a href="/reporting-guidelines/">Search for reporting guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14592" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14592"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/browse-reporting-guidelines-by-specialty/">Browse reporting guidelines by specialty</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5727" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5727"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/reporting-guidelines-under-development/">Reporting guidelines under development</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8090"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/translations-of-reporting-guidelines/">Translations of reporting guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14842"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/equator-network-reporting-guideline-manual/">EQUATOR Network reporting guideline manual</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15143"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/reporting-guidelines-for-animal-research/">Reporting guidelines for animal research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14936"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/guidance-on-scientific-writing/">Guidance on scientific writing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5773"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/guidance-developed-by-editorial-groups/">Guidance developed by editorial groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5772"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/research-funders-guidance-on-reporting-requirements/">Research funders’ guidance on reporting requirements</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5771"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/professional-support/">Professional medical writing support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5770"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/research-ethics-publication-ethics-and-good-practice-guidelines/">Research ethics, publication ethics and good practice guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6828"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/links/">Links to other resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8592" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8592"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/library/about-the-library/">About the Library</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="four columns"> <div class="sitemap"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://www.equator-network.org/"> <label for="s">Search</label><input type="text" class="field" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search the whole website" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Go" /> </form> <div class="menu-footer-container"><ul><li id="menu-item-5991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5991"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/about-this-site/">About this site</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18862" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18862"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility statement</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8337" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8337"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6239"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20370"><a href="https://www.equator-network.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="six columns"> <div class="site_info"> <p> </p> <p>The UK EQUATOR Centre is hosted by the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), NDORMS, University of Oxford. The EQUATOR Network website and database is provided by the UK EQUATOR Centre.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="six columns"> <div class="logo_area"> <img src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/footerlogos.jpg" class="scale-with-grid" alt="Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS)" /> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script type='text/javascript'> function googleTranslateElementInit2() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: 'en', floatPosition: google.translate.TranslateElement.FloatPosition.TOP_RIGHT, autoDisplay: true }, 'wp_translate'); } </script><script src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit2"></script> <style type="text/css"> body {top:0 !important;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpo_min-footer-0-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mailchimpSF = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.equator-network.org\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-footer-21c22237.min.js" id="wpo_min-footer-0-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.x.min.js" id="ccc-cookie-control-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-footer-70d80d15.min.js" id="wpo_min-footer-2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1738663867/assets/wpo-minify-footer-37d90ca8.min.js" id="wpo_min-footer-3-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var config = { apiKey: 'c7406211c55a20897564253191e8316d99cc2977', product: 'PRO', logConsent: true, notifyOnce: false, initialState: 'NOTIFY', position: 'LEFT', theme: 'DARK', layout: 'SLIDEOUT', toggleType: 'slider', acceptBehaviour : 'all', closeOnGlobalChange : true, iabCMP: false, closeStyle: 'button', consentCookieExpiry: 90, subDomains : true, mode : 'gdpr', rejectButton: false, settingsStyle : 'button', encodeCookie : false, setInnerHTML: true, wrapInnerHTML : false, accessibility: { accessKey: 'C', highlightFocus: false, outline: true, overlay: true, disableSiteScrolling: false, }, text: { title: 'This site uses cookies to store information on your computer.', intro: 'Essential cookies are enabled by default and the website cannot function properly without these cookies. <br /><br />Statistics provides anonymous data for us to monitor and improve the website. <br /><br />To accept all cookies choose \"Accept All\". Otherwise, make your selection for statistics cookies, then choose \"Save & close\" control.<br /><br />For more detailed information visit our <a href="/privacy-policy/">privacy policy</a> page.', necessaryTitle: 'Essential cookies', necessaryDescription: 'Essential cookies enable core functionality such as page navigation and access to secure areas. The website cannot function properly without these cookies, and they can only be disabled by changing your browser preferences.', thirdPartyTitle: 'Warning: Some cookies require your attention', thirdPartyDescription: 'Consent for the following cookies could not be automatically revoked. Please follow the link(s) below to opt out manually.', on: 'On', off: 'Off', accept: 'Accept', settings: 'Cookie Preferences', acceptRecommended: 'Accept Recommended Settings', acceptSettings: 'Accept all', notifyTitle: 'Your choice regarding cookies on this site', notifyDescription: 'In addition to essential cookies, we use cookies for Google services (analytics and translation) only.', closeLabel: 'Save & close', cornerButton : 'Set cookie preferences.', landmark : 'Cookie preferences.', showVendors : 'Show vendors within this category', thirdPartyCookies : 'This vendor may set third party cookies.', readMore : 'Read more', accessibilityAlert: 'This site uses cookies to store information. Press accesskey C to learn more about your options.', rejectSettings: 'Reject all', reject: 'Reject', }, branding: { fontColor: '#fff', fontFamily: 'Arial,sans-serif', fontSizeTitle: '1.5em', fontSizeHeaders: '1.2em', fontSize: '1em', backgroundColor: '#212121', toggleText: '#212121', toggleColor: '#fbb24b', toggleBackground: '#ffffff', alertText: '#fff', alertBackground: '#111125', acceptText: '#050505', acceptBackground: '#fbb24b', rejectText: '#ffffff', rejectBackground: '#111125', closeText : '#212121', closeBackground : '#fbb24b', notifyFontColor : '#ffffff', notifyBackgroundColor: '#212121', buttonIcon: null, buttonIconWidth: '64px', buttonIconHeight: '64px', removeIcon: false, removeAbout: true }, necessaryCookies: [ 'wordpress_*','wordpress_logged_in_*','CookieControl','wp_consent_*' ], optionalCookies: [ { name: 'Statistics', label: 'Statistics', description: 'Statistic cookies help website owners to understand how visitors interact with websites by collecting and reporting information anonymously.', cookies: [ '__utm.gif', '__utma', '__utmb', '__utmc', '__utmt', '__utmv', '__utmz' ], onAccept: function () { }, onRevoke: function () { }, recommendedState: 'on', lawfulBasis: 'consent', }, ], sameSiteCookie : true, sameSiteValue : 'Strict', notifyDismissButton: false }; CookieControl.load(config); </script> </body> </html>