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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outbreak_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outbreak_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Outbreak of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outbreak_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korean_advance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korean_advance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>North Korean advance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korean_advance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_on_Masan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_on_Masan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Attack on Masan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_on_Masan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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href="#North_Korean_infiltration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>North Korean infiltration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korean_infiltration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_2-27th_Infantry_counterattack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_2-27th_Infantry_counterattack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>US 2-27th Infantry counterattack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_2-27th_Infantry_counterattack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalemate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalemate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Stalemate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalemate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_3-27th_Infantry_moves_up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_3-27th_Infantry_moves_up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>US 3-27th Infantry moves up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_3-27th_Infantry_moves_up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery_attacked" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery_attacked"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Artillery attacked</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery_attacked-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Koreans_repulsed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Koreans_repulsed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>North Koreans repulsed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Koreans_repulsed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korean_withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korean_withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>North Korean withdrawal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korean_withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Nam River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B0)" title="نام نهری ساواشی (۱۹۵۰) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نام نهری ساواشی (۱۹۵۰)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نبرد رودخانه نام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد رودخانه نام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Nam" title="Bataille de la rivière Nam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de la rivière Nam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Битва у реки Намган – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва у реки Намган" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நாம் ஆற்றுப் போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாம் ஆற்றுப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Nam River</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter">Battle of Pusan Perimeter</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_Trophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soldiers hold a North Korean flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Battle_Trophy.jpg/300px-Battle_Trophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Battle_Trophy.jpg/450px-Battle_Trophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Battle_Trophy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="486" /></a></span><br />Troops of the US 35th Infantry display a North Korean flag captured along the Nam River</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 31 – September 19, 1950</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Nam_River_(Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam River (Korea)">Nam River</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> United Nations victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_B._Kean" title="William B. Kean">William B. Kean</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Pang Ho San<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Paek Nak Chil</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/US_25th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="US 25th Infantry Division">25th Infantry Division</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_27th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 27th Infantry Regiment">27th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_35th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 35th Infantry Regiment">35th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">National Police</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NK_6th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="NK 6th Division">6th Division</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NK_7th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="NK 7th Division">7th Division</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~15,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 20,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~275 killed<br />~625 wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~11,000 killed and deserted</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#The_drive_south_and_Pusan_(July–September_1950)" title="Korean War">North Korean offensive</a><br /><small>(25 June – 15 September 1950)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pokpung" title="Operation Pokpung">Pokpung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chuncheon" title="Battle of Chuncheon">Chuncheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorangpo" title="Battle of Gorangpo">Gorangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaesong%E2%80%93Munsan" title="Battle of Kaesong–Munsan">Kaesong–Munsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ongjin_Peninsula" title="Battle of Ongjin Peninsula">Ongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uijeongbu_(1950)" title="Battle of Uijeongbu (1950)">Uijeongbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Seoul" title="First Battle of Seoul">1st Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suwon_Airfield" title="Battle of Suwon Airfield">Suwon Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Battle_of_South_Korea" title="Air Battle of South Korea">Air Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andong" title="Battle of Andong">Andong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chumonchin_Chan" title="Battle of Chumonchin Chan">Chumonchin Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osan" title="Battle of Osan">Osan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pyongtaek" title="Battle of Pyongtaek">Pyongtaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chonan" title="Battle of Chonan">Chonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chochiwon" title="Battle of Chochiwon">Chochiwon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taejon" title="Battle of Taejon">Taejon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sangju_(1950)" title="Battle of Sangju (1950)">Sangju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yongdong" title="Battle of Yongdong">Yongdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hwanggan" title="Battle of Hwanggan">Hwanggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadong_Ambush" title="Hadong Ambush">Hadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Notch" title="Battle of the Notch">Notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter"><b>Pusan Perimeter</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masan" title="Battle of Masan">Masan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%27ohang-dong" title="Battle of P'ohang-dong">P'ohang-dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taegu" title="Battle of Taegu">Taegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Naktong_Bulge" title="First Battle of Naktong Bulge">1st Naktong Bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bowling_Alley" title="Battle of the Bowling Alley">Bowling Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Battle_Mountain" title="Battle of Battle Mountain">Battle Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyongju" title="Battle of Kyongju">Kyongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haman" title="Battle of Haman">Haman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nam River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ka-san" title="Battle of Ka-san">Ka-san</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabu-dong" title="Battle of Tabu-dong">Tabu-dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yongsan" title="Battle of Yongsan">Yongsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Naktong_Bulge" title="Second Battle of Naktong Bulge">2nd Naktong Bulge</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Battle_of_Inchon_(September_1950)" title="Korean War">United Nations Command counteroffensive</a><br /><small>(15 September – 30 October 1950)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inchon" title="Battle of Inchon"><b>Inchon</b></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pusan_Perimeter_offensive" title="Pusan Perimeter offensive">Pusan Perimeter offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Seoul" title="Second Battle of Seoul">2nd Seoul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/UN_September_1950_counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="UN September 1950 counteroffensive">UN September 1950 counteroffensive</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_282" title="Battle of Hill 282">Hill 282</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/UN_offensive_into_North_Korea" title="UN offensive into North Korea">UN offensive into North Korea</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sariwon" title="Battle of Sariwon">Sariwon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pyongyang_(1950)" title="Battle of Pyongyang (1950)">Pyongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yongyu" title="Battle of Yongyu">Yongyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kujin" title="Battle of Kujin">Kujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chongju_(1950)" title="Battle of Chongju (1950)">Chongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunchon_tunnel_massacre" title="Sunchon tunnel massacre">Sunchon tunnel</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#China_intervenes_(October–December_1950)" title="Korean War">Chinese Intervention</a><br /><small>(25 October 1950 – January 1951)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Onjong" title="Battle of Onjong">Onjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Unsan" title="Battle of Unsan">Unsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pakchon" title="Battle of Pakchon">Pakchon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Phase_Offensive" title="Second Phase Offensive">Second Phase Offensive</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ch%27ongch%27on_River" title="Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River"><b>Ch'ongch'on River</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wawon" title="Battle of Wawon">Wawon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir"><b>Chosin Reservoir</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Faith" title="Task Force Faith">Task Force Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_retreat_from_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="UN retreat from North Korea">UN retreat from North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungnam_evacuation" title="Hungnam evacuation">Hungnam evacuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Seoul" title="Third Battle of Seoul">3rd Seoul</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uijeongbu_(1951)" title="Battle of Uijeongbu (1951)">Uijeongbu</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_and_Second_Battles_of_Wonju" class="mw-redirect" title="First and Second Battles of Wonju">1st and 2nd Wonju</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohang_Operation" title="Pohang Operation">Pohang</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Fighting_around_the_38th_parallel_(January–June_1951)" title="Korean War">Fighting around the 38th parallel</a><br /><small>(January – June 1951)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chaegunghyon" title="Battle of Chaegunghyon">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderbolt_(1951)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (1951)">Thunderbolt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Twin_Tunnels" title="Battle of the Twin Tunnels">Twin Tunnels</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Roundup_(1951)" title="Operation Roundup (1951)">Roundup</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hoengsong" title="Battle of Hoengsong">Hoengsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chipyong-ni" title="Battle of Chipyong-ni">Chipyong-ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Wonju" title="Third Battle of Wonju">3rd Wonju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chuam-ni" title="Battle of Chuam-ni">Chuam-ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Wonsan" title="Blockade of Wonsan">Wonsan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Killer" title="Operation Killer">Killer</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ripper" title="Operation Ripper">4th Seoul (Operation Ripper)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maehwa-san" title="Battle of Maehwa-san">Maehwa-san</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Courageous" title="Operation Courageous">Courageous</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tomahawk" title="Operation Tomahawk">Tomahawk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rugged" title="Operation Rugged">Rugged</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dauntless" title="Operation Dauntless">Dauntless</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_spring_offensive" title="Chinese spring offensive"><b>Spring offensive</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Imjin_River" title="Battle of the Imjin River">Imjin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yultong" title="Battle of Yultong">Yultong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hwacheon" title="Battle of Hwacheon">Hwacheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kapyong" title="Battle of Kapyong">Kapyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Soyang_River" title="Battle of the Soyang River">Soyang River</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/UN_May%E2%80%93June_1951_counteroffensive" title="UN May–June 1951 counteroffensive">UN May–June 1951 counteroffensive</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Stalemate_(July_1951_–_July_1953)" title="Korean War">Stalemate</a><br /><small>(July 1951 – 27 July 1953)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Ridge" title="Battle of Bloody Ridge">Bloody Ridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Minden" title="Operation Minden">Minden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Punchbowl" title="Battle of the Punchbowl">Punchbowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heartbreak_Ridge" title="Battle of Heartbreak Ridge">Heartbreak Ridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Commando" title="Operation Commando">Commando</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Maryang-san" title="First Battle of Maryang-san">1st Maryang-san</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haktang-ni" title="Battle of Haktang-ni">Haktang-ni</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polecharge" title="Operation Polecharge">Polecharge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Maryang-san" title="Second Battle of Maryang-san">2nd Maryang-san</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rat_Killer" title="Operation Rat Killer">Rat Killer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_Eerie" title="Battle of Hill Eerie">Hill Eerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Old_Baldy" title="Battle of Old Baldy">Old Baldy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blaze" title="Operation Blaze">Blaze</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill_(1952)" title="Battle of Bunker Hill (1952)">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Outpost_Kelly" title="Battle of Outpost Kelly">Outpost Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Horse_Hill" title="Battle of White Horse Hill">White Horse Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arrowhead_Hill" title="Battle of Arrowhead Hill">Arrowhead Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Triangle_Hill" title="Battle of Triangle Hill">Triangle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jackson_Heights" title="Battle of Jackson Heights">Jackson Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Noris" title="Battle of the Noris">Noris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Hook" title="First Battle of the Hook">1st Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Hook" title="Second Battle of the Hook">2nd Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chatkol" title="Battle of Chatkol">Chatkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Outpost_Vegas" title="Battle for Outpost Vegas">Outpost Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pork_Chop_Hill" title="Battle of Pork Chop Hill">Pork Chop Hill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Little Switch">Little Switch</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nevada_Complex" title="Battle of the Nevada Complex">Nevada Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Hook" title="Third Battle of the Hook">3rd Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_Harry" title="Outpost Harry">Outpost Harry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumsong" title="Battle of Kumsong">Kumsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Berlin_Outposts_and_Boulder_City" title="Battle of the Berlin Outposts and Boulder City">Berlin Outposts and Boulder City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Samichon_River" title="Battle of the Samichon River">Samichon River</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Big_Switch" title="Operation Big Switch">Big Switch</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Aerial_warfare" title="Korean War">Air operations</a><br /><small>(1950 – 1953)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Battle_of_South_Korea" title="Air Battle of South Korea">Air Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiG_Alley" title="MiG Alley">MiG Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sunchon_(air)" title="Battle of Sunchon (air)">Sunchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Strangle_(Korean_War)" title="Operation Strangle (Korean War)">Strangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_Sui-ho_Dam" title="Attack on the Sui-ho Dam">Sui-ho Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_North_Korea" title="Bombing of North Korea">Bombing of North Korea 1950–1953</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Naval_warfare" title="Korean War">Naval operations</a><br /><small>(1950 – 1953)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Naval_engagements_of_the_Korean_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Naval engagements of the Korean War"><span class="wrap">Naval engagements of the Korean War</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><i>For further information, see also:</i><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_War" title="Template:Korean War"><span class="wrap">Korean War (template)</span></a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Pusan_Perimeter" title="Template:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Pusan_Perimeter" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Pusan_Perimeter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Pusan Perimeter"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter"><span class="wrap"> Battle of Pusan Perimeter </span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>August</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masan" title="Battle of Masan">Masan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Gulch_massacre" title="Bloody Gulch massacre">Bloody Gulch massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Battle_Mountain" title="Battle of Battle Mountain">Battle Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Naktong_Bulge" title="First Battle of Naktong Bulge">1st Naktong Bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%27ohang-dong" title="Battle of P'ohang-dong">P'ohang-dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taegu" title="Battle of Taegu">Taegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bowling_Alley" title="Battle of the Bowling Alley">Bowling Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_303_massacre" title="Hill 303 massacre">Hill 303 massacre</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>September</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Naktong_Offensive" title="Great Naktong Offensive">Great Naktong Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyongju" title="Battle of Kyongju">Kyongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabu-dong" title="Battle of Tabu-dong">Tabu-dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ka-san" title="Battle of Ka-san">Ka-san</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Naktong_Bulge" title="Second Battle of Naktong Bulge">2nd Naktong Bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yongsan" title="Battle of Yongsan">Yongsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haman" title="Battle of Haman">Haman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nam River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusan_Perimeter_offensive" title="Pusan Perimeter offensive">Pusan Perimeter offensive</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Background</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter order of battle">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter_logistics" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter logistics">Logistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Nam River</b> was an engagement between <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) and <a href="/wiki/North_Korean" class="mw-disambig" title="North Korean">North Korean</a> (NK) forces early in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> from August 31 to September 19, 1950 in the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Nam_River_(Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam River (Korea)">Nam River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Naktong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Naktong River">Naktong River</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. It was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pusan Perimeter">Battle of Pusan Perimeter</a>, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after large numbers of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (US) and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a> (ROK) troops were able to repel a North Korean attack across the river. </p><p>Positioned in defense of <a href="/wiki/Masan" title="Masan">Masan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masan" title="Battle of Masan">Battle of Masan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/US_35th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 35th Infantry Regiment">US 35th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_25th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="US 25th Infantry Division">25th Infantry Division</a> took up positions along the Nam River, one of the many tributaries of the Naktong River on the southern flank of the Pusan Perimeter. The <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean People's Army">North Korean People's Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NK_7th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="NK 7th Division">7th Division</a> effected a crossing of the river on August 31, and though the 35th Infantry was able to stem the North Korean advance, thousands of North Korean troops were able to exploit a hole in the line and surround the regiment. What followed was an intense battle in which the US and North Korean units were heavily engaged all along and behind the Kum River line. Eventually, though, the North Korean force was routed and defeated by the US troops. </p><p>During the battle, the 35th Infantry was instrumental in forcing back the North Korean division and preventing it from advancing to capture <a href="/wiki/Pusan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusan">Pusan</a>. The delay was enough for UN forces to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inchon" title="Battle of Inchon">counterattack Inchon</a>, effectively defeating the entire North Korean army at the Pusan Perimeter. The 35th Infantry's performance in the battle earned the regiment a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Presidential Unit Citation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outbreak_of_war">Outbreak of war</h3></div> <p>Following the June 25, 1950 outbreak of the Korean War after the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a> (South Korea) by its northern neighbor, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic People's Republic of Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> (North Korea), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> decided to commit troops to the conflict on behalf of South Korea. The United States, a member of the UN, subsequently committed ground forces to the Korean peninsula with the goal of fighting back the North Korean invasion and to prevent South Korea from collapsing. However, US forces in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> had been steadily decreasing since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, five years earlier, and at the time the closest forces were the 24th Infantry Division, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The division was understrength, and most of its equipment was antiquated due to reductions in military spending. Regardless, the 24th was ordered to South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-Var3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Task_Force_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soldiers carrying their bags off of a train in a Korean train station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Task_Force_Smith.jpg/220px-Task_Force_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Task_Force_Smith.jpg/330px-Task_Force_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Task_Force_Smith.jpg/440px-Task_Force_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2831" /></a><figcaption>Task Force Smith arrives in South Korea.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 24th Infantry Division was the first US unit sent into Korea with the mission to take the initial "shock" of North Korean advances, delaying much larger North Korean units to buy time to allow reinforcements to arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander52_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander52-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division was consequently alone for several weeks as it attempted to delay the North Koreans, making time for the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st Cavalry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th</a> and <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry</a> Divisions, along with other <a href="/wiki/US_Eighth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Eighth Army">US Eighth Army</a> supporting units, to move into position.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander52_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander52-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advance elements of the 24th Infantry were badly defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osan" title="Battle of Osan">Battle of Osan</a> on July 5, the first encounter between American and North Korean forces.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first month after the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Task Force Smith">Task Force Smith</a>, the 24th Infantry Division was repeatedly defeated and forced south by superior North Korean numbers and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Var4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alex90_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex90-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiments of the 24th Infantry were systematically pushed south in engagements around <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chochiwon" title="Battle of Chochiwon">Chochiwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chonan" title="Battle of Chonan">Chonan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pyongtaek" title="Battle of Pyongtaek">Pyongtaek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Var4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Var4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 24th made a final stand in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taejon" title="Battle of Taejon">Battle of Taejon</a>, where it was almost completely destroyed but delaying North Korean forces until July 20.<sup id="cite_ref-Alex105_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex105-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, the Eighth Army's force of combat troops was roughly equal to North Korean forces attacking the region, with new UN units arriving every day.<sup id="cite_ref-Fehr103_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fehr103-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korean_advance">North Korean advance</h3></div> <p>With Taejon captured, North Korean forces began surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Pusan_Perimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusan Perimeter">Pusan Perimeter</a> from all sides in an attempt to envelop it. The <a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(North_Korea)" title="4th Division (North Korea)">4th</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(North_Korea)" title="6th Division (North Korea)">6th</a> North Korean Infantry Divisions advanced south in a wide <a href="/wiki/Flanking_maneuver" title="Flanking maneuver">flanking maneuver</a>. The two divisions attempted to envelop the UN's left flank, but became extremely spread out in the process. They advanced on UN positions with armor and superior numbers, repeatedly pushing back US and South Korean forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple222_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple222-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American forces were pushed back repeatedly before finally halting the North Korean advance in a series of engagements in the southern section of the country. Forces of the 3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="29th Infantry Regiment (United States)">29th Infantry Regiment</a>, newly arrived in the country, were wiped out at <a href="/wiki/Hadong" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadong">Hadong</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Hadong_Ambush" title="Hadong Ambush">coordinated ambush</a> by North Korean forces on July 27, opening a pass to the Pusan area.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple221_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple221-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, North Korean forces took Chinju to the west, pushing back the US 19th Infantry Regiment and leaving routes to the Pusan open for more North Korean attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Catch24_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catch24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US formations were subsequently able to defeat and push back the North Koreans on the flank in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Notch" title="Battle of the Notch">Battle of the Notch</a> on August 2. Suffering mounting losses, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> force in the west withdrew for several days to re-equip and receive reinforcements. This granted both sides a reprieve to prepare for the attack on the Pusan Perimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-Catchpole_2001_25_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catchpole_2001_25-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_on_Masan">Attack on Masan</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masan" title="Battle of Masan">Battle of Masan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A line of soldiers and tanks hides beneath a berm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg/250px-Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg/375px-Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg/500px-Chaffees_at_Masan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>M24 Chaffee light tanks wait for a North Korean attack near Masan</figcaption></figure> <p>During the lull in fighting following the Battle of the Notch, Eighth Army commander <a href="/wiki/US_Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="US Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Walton_Walker" title="Walton Walker">Walton Walker</a> ordered the US 25th Infantry Division, under <a href="/wiki/US_Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="US Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/William_B._Kean" title="William B. Kean">William B. Kean</a>, to take up defensive positions on the Pusan Perimeter southern flank west of <a href="/wiki/Masan" title="Masan">Masan</a>. By August 15, the 25th Infantry Division had moved into these positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers145_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers145-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rough terrain west of Masan limited the choice of the positions. The mountain group west of Masan was the first readily defensible ground east of the <a href="/wiki/Chinju" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinju">Chinju</a> pass. The 2,000 feet (610 m) mountain ridges of <a href="/wiki/Sobuk-san" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobuk-san">Sobuk-san</a> dominated the area and protected the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komam-ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komam-ni (page does not exist)">Komam-ni</a>-<a href="/wiki/Haman_County" title="Haman County">Haman</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chindong-ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chindong-ni (page does not exist)">Chindong-ni</a> road, the only means of north-south communication west of Masan.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple365_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple365-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the north, from the Masan-Chinju highway to the <a href="/wiki/Nam_River_(Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam River (Korea)">Nam River</a>, were several easily defensible positions. The most favorable was the high ground near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungam-ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chungam-ni (page does not exist)">Chungam-ni</a>, which controlled an important junction connecting the Masan road with the road over the Nam River to <a href="/wiki/Uiryong" class="mw-redirect" title="Uiryong">Uiryong</a>. It was essential for the US 25th Infantry Division's right flank to connect with the left flank of the <a href="/wiki/US_24th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="US 24th Infantry Division">US 24th Infantry Division</a> at the confluence of the Nam and the <a href="/wiki/Naktong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Naktong River">Naktong Rivers</a>. Therefore, the 25th Infantry Division also moved to protect the Komam-ni road intersection where the Chindong-ni-Haman road met the Masan-Chinju highway.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple365_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple365-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile the NK 6th Division was ordered to await reinforcements before continuing the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Hastings97_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hastings97-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From north to south, the division had its 13th, 15th, and 14th Regiments. The first replacements arrived at Chinju on about August 12. Approximately 2,000 unarmed South Koreans conscripted in the Seoul area joined the division by August 15. At Chinju, the NK 6th Division issued them grenades and told the recruits they would have to pick up weapons from killed and wounded soldiers on the battlefield. Another group of 2,500 replacements conscripted in the Seoul area joined the 6th Division on August 21, bringing the division's strength to approximately 8,500 men. In the last week of August and the first week of September, 3,000 more recruits conscripted in southwest Korea joined the division. The 6th Division used this last body of recruits in labor details at only later employed them as combat troops. As a part of the North Korean build-up in the south, the untried <a href="/wiki/NK_7th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="NK 7th Division">NK 7th Division</a> also arrived near Masan with another 10,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers145_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers145-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 7th Division occupied key ports to protect the 6th Division against possible <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibious landing">amphibious landings</a> in its rear.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple366_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple366-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 31, 1950 the 25th Division held a front of almost 30 miles (48 km), beginning in the north at the <a href="/wiki/Namji-ri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namji-ri">Namji-ri</a> bridge over the Naktong River and extending west on the hills south of the river to the Nam's confluence with it.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers146_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers146-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then bent southwest up the south side of the Nam to where the Sobuk-san mountain mass tapered down in its northern extremity to the river. There the line turned south along rising ground to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibidang-san&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibidang-san (page does not exist)">Sibidang-san</a>, crossed the saddle on its south face through which passed the Chinju-Masan railroad and highway, and continued southward up to Battle Mountain and on to P'il-bong. From P'il-bong the line dropped down spur ridge lines to the southern coastal road near Chindong-ni.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple439_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple439-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/US_35th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 35th Infantry Regiment">US 35th Infantry Regiment</a> held the northern 26,000 yards (24,000 m) of the division line, from the Namji-ri bridge to the Chinju-Masan highway. The regiment was responsible for the highway. The regiment's weakest point was a 3 miles (4.8 km) gap along the Naktong River between most of F <a href="/wiki/Company_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Company (military)">Company</a> on the west and its 1st <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a> to the east. This platoon guarded the Namji-ri <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantilever steel">cantilever steel</a> bridge on the division's extreme right at the boundary with the <a href="/wiki/US_2nd_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="US 2nd Infantry Division">US 2nd Infantry Division</a> across the Naktong River.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple439_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple439-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South of the highway, the <a href="/wiki/US_24th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 24th Infantry Regiment">US 24th Infantry Regiment</a> held the high ground west of Haman, including Battle Mountain and P'il-bong.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers147_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers147-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/US_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="US Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/John_L._Throckmorton" title="John L. Throckmorton">John L. Throckmorton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/US_5th_Infantry_Regimental_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="US 5th Infantry Regimental Combat Team">US 5th Infantry Regimental Combat Team</a> held the southern spur of Sobuk-san to the coastal road at Chindong-ni. From Chindong-ni some <a href="/wiki/ROK_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="ROK Marine Corps">ROK Marine Corps</a> units continued the line to the southern coast. Kean's 25th Division command post was at Masan, the 35th Infantry command post was on the east side of the Chirwon-Chung-ni road, the 24th Infantry command post was at Haman and Throckmorton's command post was at Chindong-ni.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple439_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple439-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By August 31, the division was suffering manpower shortages, and a limited number of <a href="/wiki/KATUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="KATUSA">KATUSAs</a> were brought in to replenish its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers160_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers160-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Naktong_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Naktong Offensive">The Great Naktong Offensive</a></div> <p>In the southern part of its sector, where the US 25th Infantry Division held the UN line, the <a href="/wiki/NK_I_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="NK I Corps">NK I Corps</a> planned a strong attack, coordinating it with an attack against the US 2nd Infantry Division to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander132_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander132-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Korean 6th and 7th Divisions received their attack orders on August 20. The North Korean <a href="/wiki/Operations_order" title="Operations order">operations order</a> called for the NK I Corps to assault all along the line at 22:00 on August 31.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple438_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple438-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 6th Division, farthest south on the right flank, was to attack through Haman, Masan, and <a href="/wiki/Chinhae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinhae">Chinhae</a> and capture <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumhae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumhae (page does not exist)">Kumhae</a>, on the west side of the Naktong River delta 15 miles (24 km) from Pusan, by September 3.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers157_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers157-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division zone of attack was to be south of the Chinju-Komam-ni-Masan highway.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers149_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers149-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 7th Division, next in line north of the 6th Division, was to attack north of the Masan highway, wheel left to the Naktong, and wait for the 6th Division on its right and the <a href="/wiki/NK_9th_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="NK 9th Division">NK 9th Division</a> on its left to join it.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers157_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers157-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the 7th Division was concentrated in the Uiryong area west of the Nam River. This plan pitted the 6th Division against the US 24th Infantry Regiment and the 7th Division against the US 35th Infantry Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple438_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple438-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a part of this plan, the NK 6th Division had been engaging the 24th Infantry at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Battle_Mountain" title="Battle of Battle Mountain">Battle Mountain</a> for several weeks prior, to a stalemate.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers148_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers148-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kean, aware of a pending offensive and distrusting the 24th Infantry's ability, began to compile a report on the regiment's performance to determine how to improve its capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers155_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers155-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Korean 6th Division struck the 24th Infantry at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haman" title="Battle of Haman">Haman</a> on August 31, and pushed it back after heavy engagements.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple440_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple440-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NK 6th Division and the US 24th Infantry Regiment remained locked in a bitter fight for the next week.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple441_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple441-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korean_crossing">North Korean crossing</h3></div> <p>Meanwhile the North Korean 7th Division troops committed all of their effort into attacking the US 35th Infantry line.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander181_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander181-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 23:30 on August 31, a North Korean <a href="/wiki/SU-76" title="SU-76">SU-76</a> self-propelled high-velocity gun from across the Nam fired shells into the position of G Company, 35th Infantry, overlooking the river.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple442_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a few minutes, North Korean artillery was attacking all front-line rifle <a href="/wiki/Company_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Company (military)">companies</a> of the regiment from the Namji-ri bridge west.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers157_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers157-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexander183_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander183-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under cover of this fire a reinforced <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> of the NK 7th Division crossed the Nam River and attacked F and G Companies, 35th Infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers158_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers158-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other North Korean soldiers crossed the Nam on an <a href="/wiki/Underwater_bridge" title="Underwater bridge">underwater bridge</a> in front of the paddy ground north of Komam-ni and near the boundary between the 2nd Battalion, led by <a href="/wiki/US_Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="US Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> John L. Wilkins, Jr., holding the river front and Lieutenant Colonel Bernard G. Teeter's 1st Battalion holding the hill line that stretched from the Nam River to Sibidang-san and the Chinju-Masan highway.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple442_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 35th Infantry, facing shortages of materiel and reinforcements, was under-equipped but nonetheless prepared for an attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers159_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers159-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Char_T-34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large, heavily armed and armored tank outside a modern-day museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Char_T-34.jpg/220px-Char_T-34.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Char_T-34.jpg/330px-Char_T-34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Char_T-34.jpg/440px-Char_T-34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The T-34 tank was standard armor used by the North Korean Army in 1950 and was also present at Masan</figcaption></figure> <p>At the river ferry crossing site in the low ground between these two battalions, the regimental commander placed 300 <a href="/wiki/ROK_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="ROK National Police">ROK National Police</a>, expecting them to hold there long enough to serve as a warning for the rest of the forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guns from the flanking hills there could cover the low ground with fire. Back at Komam-ni he held the 3rd Battalion ready for use in counterattack to stop an enemy penetration should it occur.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple442_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unexpectedly, the ROK police companies near the ferry scattered at the first North Korean fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander183_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander183-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 00:30, North Korean troops streamed through this hole in the line, some turning left to take G Company in its flank and rear, and others turned right to attack C Company, which was on a spur of ground west of the Komam-ni road.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elements of C and D Companies formed a defense line along the dike at the north edge of Komam-ni where US tanks joined them at dawn. The North Koreans, however, did not drive for the Komam-ni road fork 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the river as the US commander, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Fisher had expected; instead, they turned east into the hills behind 2nd Battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple442_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The position of B Company, 35th Infantry, on the 1,100 feet (340 m) Sibidang-san, flanked the Masan road 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Komam-ni and gave the company a commanding view over the surrounding countryside. It was a key position in the 25th Division line, and Kean was aware the North Koreans would consider it important ground to target for attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers161_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers161-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Korean preparatory barrage there lasted from 11:30 to midnight. Under this cover, two battalions of the NK 13th Regiment, 6th Division, moved up within 150 yards (140 m) of the American foxholes. At the same time, North Korean <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> tanks, SU-76 self-propelled guns, and antitank guns moved toward Komam-ni on the road at the foot of Sibidang-san. An American <a href="/wiki/M4A3_Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="M4A3 Sherman">M4A3 Sherman</a> tank there destroyed a T-34 just after midnight, and a 3.5-inch bazooka team destroyed a self-propelled gun and several 45 mm antitank guns.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple442_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the crest of Sibidang-san, an antipersonnel minefield stopped the first North Korean infantry assault. More attacks followed in quick succession, all of which were repulsed by the US troops' superior firepower.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 02:30 the B Company riflemen were so depleted of ammunition that they began stripping machine-gun bullets from the ammunition belts and using them in their rifles. The 1st Platoon of C Company, at the base of the mountain behind B Company, climbed Sibidang-san in 45 minutes with an ammunition resupply for the company. Just before dawn the North Korean attack subsided. Daylight revealed a vast amount of abandoned North Korean equipment scattered on the slope just below the crest, including 33 machine-guns. Among the North Korean dead was the commanding officer of the NK 13th Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple443_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple443-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At daybreak on September 1, a relief force of C Company headquarters troops, led by American tanks, cleared the road to Sibidang-san and resupplied the 2nd <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a>, B Company, with ammunition just in time for it to repel another North Korean assault. This failed assault resulted in the killing of 77 and capturing of 21 North Koreans.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple443_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple443-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the 35th Infantry held all its original positions, except that of the forward platoon of G Company, 3,000 North Korean soldiers were behind its lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander183_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander183-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farthest eastern penetration reached the high ground just south of <a href="/wiki/Chirwon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirwon">Chirwon</a> overlooking the north-south road there.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple443_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple443-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, the NK 6th Division had made breakthroughs in the US 24th Infantry sector to the south, overwhelming the regiment and forcing it back. The 2nd Battalion, 24th Infantry, on the ridges overlooking Haman, was pushed back as its soldiers retreated without orders.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers160_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers160-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Survivors from the 24th Infantry's 1st and 2nd battalions later appeared in the 35th's lines, and the regimental commanders found that the entire regiment had crumbled under North Korean attack. Kean ordered the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry to move in and help restore the 24th's position.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers164_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers164-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korean_infiltration">North Korean infiltration</h3></div> <p>In a counterattack after daylight, K Company and tanks had partially regained control of the ridges overlooking Haman, but not completely.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple470_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple470-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of North Koreans were behind the battle positions of the 35th Infantry as far as the Chirwon-ni and Chung-ni areas, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Komam-ni and the front positions. The North Koreans continued to cross the Nam River after daylight on September 1 in the general area of the gap between the 1st and 2nd Battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UN observation aircraft spotted an estimated four companies crossing there and directed fire of the 64th Field Artillery Battalion on the crossing force, which destroyed an estimated three-fourths of it. Fighter planes then strafed the survivors. Later another large group of North Koreans were spotted in the open at the river later in the day and American aircraft directed artillery fire on the column, with an estimated 200 North Korean casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple470_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple470-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NK I Corps plan of attack below the Nam River was for its 6th Division to push east along the main Chinju-Komam-ni-Masan highway through the 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, and at the same time for major elements of its 7th Division to swing southeast behind the 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry, and cut the Chirwon road.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This road crossed the Naktong River over the cantilever steel bridge at Namji-ri from the US 2nd Infantry Division zone and ran south through Chirwon to join the main Masan highway 8 miles (13 km) east of Komam-ni near the village of Chung-ni, 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Masan. These two avenues of approach, the Komam-ni-Masan highway and the Chirwon road converging at Chung-ni, formed the axes of their attack plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple471_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple471-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>US Engineer troops counterattacking up the secondary road toward Chirwon during September 1 made slow progress, and North Koreans stopped them in the early afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple472_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 35th Infantry was now surrounded by forces of the NK 6th and 7th Divisions, with an estimated three battalions of them behind its lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking later of the situation, Fisher said, "I never intended to withdraw. There was no place to go. I planned to go into a regimental perimeter and hold."<sup id="cite_ref-Apple472_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_2-27th_Infantry_counterattack">US 2-27th Infantry counterattack</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2d_Battalion,_27th_Infantry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A column to soldiers and vehicles move down a river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg/220px-2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg/330px-2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg/440px-2d_Battalion%2C_27th_Infantry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Troops of the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry traverse the recaptured Engineer Road.</figcaption></figure> <p>By mid-afternoon, Kean felt that the situation was a severe threat to the integrity of the division's line. He ordered the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/US_27th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="US 27th Infantry Regiment">US 27th Infantry Regiment</a>, to attack behind the 35th Infantry, because a large part of the division's artillery there was under direct North Korean infantry attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple472_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the morning hours of September 1, when the NK 7th Division troops had attacked, the first American unit they encountered was G Company, 35th Infantry, at the north shoulder of the gap.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some North Korean units peeled off to attack G Company, others continued on and engaged E Company, 2 miles (3.2 km) downstream from it, and still others attacked scattered units of F Company all the way to its 1st Platoon, which guarded the Namji-ri bridge. There, at the extreme right flank of the 25th Division, this platoon drove off a North Korean force after a fierce fight. By September 2, E Company had destroyed most of a North Korean battalion in heavy fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple472_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of all the 2nd Battalion units, G Company received the hardest blows. Before dawn of September 1, North Korean troops had G Company platoons on separate hills under heavy assault. Shortly after 03:00 they overran the 3rd Platoon, Heavy Mortar Company, and drove it from its position. These mortarmen climbed Hill 179 and on its crest joined the 2nd Platoon of G Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple472_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the 3rd Platoon of G Company, on a low hill along the Nam River 4 miles (6.4 km) from its juncture with the Naktong River, was also under close quarters attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After daylight, <a href="/wiki/US_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="US Captain">Captain</a> LeRoy E. Majeske, G <a href="/wiki/Company_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Company commander">Company commander</a>, requested artillery concentrations and air strikes, but they were slow to come. At 11:45, the North Koreans had almost reached the crest of the hill, and only a narrow space separated the two forces. A few minutes later Majeske was killed, and <a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> George Roach, commanding the 3rd Platoon, again reported the situation and asked for an <a href="/wiki/Air_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Air strike">air strike</a>. The <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a> delivered the strike on the North Korean held side of the hill, and this checked the assaults. By this time many North Korean troops had captured and occupied foxholes in the platoon position and from there threw grenades into other parts of the position. One of the grenades killed Roach early in the afternoon. <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_First_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant First Class">Sergeant First Class</a> Junius Poovey, a squad leader, now assumed command. By 18:00, Poovey had only 12 effective troops left in the platoon, 17 of the 29 men still living were wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple473_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple473-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With ammunition almost gone, Poovey requested and received authority to withdraw into the main G Company position.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers162_35-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After dark, the 29 men, three of them carried on stretchers, withdrew, covered by the arrival of US tanks. The group reached the G Company position on Hill 179 at 23:30.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple473_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple473-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalemate">Stalemate</h3></div> <p>While G Company held its positions on Hill 179 on September 2 against North Korean attack, 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry started an attack northwest toward it at 17:00 from the Chung-ni area.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers163_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers163-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battalion made slow progress against formidable North Korean forces. The night was extremely dark and the terrain along the Kuhe-ri ferry road was mountainous. After fighting throughout the night, the battalion reached a position south of the original defensive positions of G Company, 35th Infantry the next day at 15:00. A coordinated attack by US armor, artillery, air, and infantry got under way and by 18:00 the battalion had re-established the battle line. In this attack the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry, killed 275 North Koreans and recovered a large part of the equipment G Company had lost earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple473_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple473-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry remained on the regained positions during the night of September 3. At 08:00 the next morning, G Company, 35th Infantry, relieved it on the regained positions and started its attack back up the supply road.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers163_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers163-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this was in progress, word came that the North Koreans had again driven G Company from its newly reestablished position. The 2-27th Infantry turned around, attacked, and once more restored the G Company positions. By 12:00 September 4, the 2-27th Infantry again turned over these positions to G Company and resumed its attack to the rear along the road in the gap between the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 35th Infantry. Almost immediately it was in contact with North Korean forces. Soon North Korean machine-guns were firing on the US troops from three directions. Torrential rains fell and observation became poor. By this time, the 2-27th Infantry was running short of ammunition. The commander ordered the battalion to withdraw 500 yards (460 m) to favorable terrain so that it could resupply.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple474_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple474-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resupply proved to be a difficult task. The battalion had cleared the supply route two days previously in its attack to the G Company position but now it was closed again. The battalion commander requested air supply and the next morning, September 5, eight transport planes accomplished the resupply and the 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry, was ready to resume its attack to the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple474_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple474-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By evening it had cleared the supply road and adjacent terrain of North Korean penetration for a distance of 8,000 yards (7,300 m) to the rear of G Company's front-line positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers163_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers163-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There the 2-27th Infantry received orders to halt and prepare to attack northeast to link up with the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple474_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple474-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_3-27th_Infantry_moves_up">US 3-27th Infantry moves up</h3></div> <p>After 2-27th Infantry had left the Chung-ni area on September 2 in its attack toward G Company, the North Koreans attacked the 24th Infantry command post and several artillery positions. To meet this new situation, General Kean ordered the remaining battalion of the 27th Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George H. DeChow, to attack and destroy the North Koreans operating there.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple475_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple475-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowers178_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers178-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of soldiers around a makeshift office under a bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg/220px-27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg/330px-27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg/440px-27th_CP_at_Haman_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3252" data-file-height="2849" /></a><figcaption>The 27th Infantry's command post beneath a bridge near Haman.</figcaption></figure> <p>After an early morning struggle on September 3 against several hundred North Koreans in the vicinity of the artillery positions, DeChow's battalion launched its attack at 15:00 over the high, rugged terrain west of the "Horseshoe," as the deep curve in the Masan road was called, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Komam-ni. Its mission was to seize and secure the high ground dominating the Horseshoe, and then relieve the pressure on the 24th Infantry's rear. Initially only one artillery piece was in position to support the attack. After the battalion advanced some distance, a North Korean force, estimated to number more than 1,000 men, counterattacked it and inflicted heavy casualties, which included 13 <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>. Additional US tanks moved up to help secure the exposed right flank and rear, and air strikes helped to contain the North Korean force. The battalion finally succeeded in taking the high ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple475_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple475-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next morning, September 4, instead of continuing the attack toward the 24th Infantry command post,<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers172_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers172-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3rd Battalion, 27th Infantry was ordered to attack into the Komam-ni area where North Korean troops were fighting in the US artillery positions. This attack got under way at 09:00 in the face of heavy small arms fire. In the afternoon, heavy rains slowed the attack, but after an all-day battle, I and K Companies, with the help of numerous air strikes, captured the high ground dominating the Komam-ni crossroads. Numerous casualties in the battalion had led Kean to attach C Company, 65th Engineer Combat Battalion, to it. The next day, September 5, the 3rd Battalion, 27th Infantry turned its attack across rugged terrain toward Haman and drove through to the vicinity of the 24th Infantry command post. In its attack, the 3rd Battalion counted more than 300 North Korean dead in the area it traversed.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple475_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple475-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artillery_attacked">Artillery attacked</h3></div> <p>The series of events that caused Kean to change the direction of DeChow's attack toward Komam-ni began at 01:00, September 3. The 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, protruded farther westward at this time than any other unit of the UN forces in Korea. Behind its positions on Sibidang-san the main supply route and rear areas were in North Korean hands, and only in daylight and under escort could vehicles travel the road.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple476_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple476-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Sibidang-san the battalion had held its original positions after the heavy fighting of September 1, completely surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a>, booby traps, and flares, with all supporting weapons inside its tight perimeters. The battalion had the advantage of calling for protective artillery fire covering all approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers164_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers164-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An hour after midnight a North Korean assault struck the battalion. The fight there continued until dawn September 3, when the 1st Battalion, 35th Infantry, counted 143 North Korean dead in front of its positions, and on that basis estimated that the total North Korean casualties must have been about 500 men.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple476_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple476-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 35th units also had the advantage of well-constructed strong points throughout the battle which the North Koreans could not penetrate.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers164_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers164-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this night battle the 64th Field Artillery Battalion, supporting the 1st Battalion, became directly involved in the fighting. About 50 North Koreans infiltrated before dawn to A Battery's position and assaulted it. North Koreans employing submachine guns overran two artillery-machine-gun perimeter positions, penetrating to the artillery pieces at 03:00. There, Captain Andrew C. Anderson and his men fought <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">hand-to-hand combat</a> with the North Koreans. Some of the guns fell temporarily into North Korean hands but the artillerymen repulsed the attack, aided by the concentrations of fire from C Battery, 90th Field Artillery Battalion nearby, which cut off the North Koreans from reinforcements. In defending its guns in this night battle, A Battery lost seven men killed and 12 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple476_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple476-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fighting in support of the Nam River front in the northern part of the 25th Division sector were five batteries of the 159th and 64th Field Artillery Battalions, firing 105 mm howitzers, and one battery of the 90th Field Artillery Battalion which fired 155 mm howitzers,<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers150_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers150-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a total of 36 guns. One 155 mm howitzer fired from Komam-ni to the area north of Chungam-ni, the route for the NK 6th Division's supplies. Another forward artillery piece kept the Iryong-ni bridge over the Nam under fire. The 25th Division artillery estimated it killed approximately 1,825 North Korean soldiers during the first three days of September.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple476_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple476-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this critical time, the <a href="/wiki/US_Fifth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Fifth Air Force">US Fifth Air Force</a> added its firepower to that of the division artillery in support of the ground force. Walker attributed the UN victory in this sector directly to the extensive air support his division received in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple477_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple477-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Koreans_repulsed">North Koreans repulsed</h3></div> <p>Bitter, confused fighting continued behind the 35th Infantry's line for the next week.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers177_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers177-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Battalions, companies, and platoons, cut off and isolated, fought independently of higher control and help except for airdrops which supplied many of them. Airdrops also supplied relief forces trying to reach the front-line units. Tanks and <a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">armored cars</a> drove to the isolated units with supplies of food and ammunition and carried back critically wounded on the return trips. In general, the 35th Infantry fought in its original battle line positions, while at first one battalion, and later two battalions, of the 27th Infantry fought toward it through the estimated 3,000 North Koreans operating to its rear.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple477_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple477-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the 25th Division generally was under less pressure from North Korean units after September 5, there were still severe local attacks. On September 6, 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry, moved north from the Haman area to join 2nd Battalion in the cleanup of North Korean troops behind the 35th Infantry and below the Nam River. Caught between the 35th Infantry on its hill positions along the river and the attacking 27th Infantry units, large numbers of North Koreans were killed. Sixteen different groups reportedly were dispersed with heavy casualties during the day. By morning of September 7 there was clear evidence that survivors of the NK 7th Division were trying to escape across the Nam River.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple478_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple478-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the North Koreans launched another attack against the 35th Infantry, which it quickly repulsed.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers174_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers174-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 25th Infantry Division buried more than 2,000 North Korean dead, killed between September 1 and 7 behind its lines. This number did not include those killed in front of its positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple478_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple478-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heavy rains caused the Nam and Naktong Rivers to rise on September 8 and 9, reducing the danger of new crossings. On September 8, after the 35th Infantry had been guarding it for a week, American <a href="/wiki/F-82_Twin_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82 Twin Mustangs</a> mistakenly bombed the Namji-ri bridge over the Naktong and with one 500-pound (230 kg) bomb destroyed the 80 feet (24 m) center span. Only the bridges north of the junction of the Nam with the Naktong were supposed to be under aerial attack at this time. Some of the local commanders thought that had the North Koreans bypassed this bridge and crossed the Naktong farther east there would have been nothing between them and Pusan. However, North Korean attacks against 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry occurred nightly. The approaches to the bridge on the north side were mined. At one time there were about 100 North Korean dead lying in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple479_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple479-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From September 9 to 16, there were limited attacks on the 35th Infantry's front but most of the North Koreans' momentum had been broken and they could not muster strong attacks against the regiment again.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers176_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers176-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korean_withdrawal">North Korean withdrawal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inchon" title="Battle of Inchon">Battle of Inchon</a></div> <p>The UN <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inchon" title="Battle of Inchon">counterattack at Inchon</a> collapsed the North Korean line and forced them back on all fronts. On September 16, however, 25th Infantry Division was still fighting North Korean forces behind its lines, and North Korean strong points existed on the heights of Battle Mountain, P'il-bong, and Sobuk-san.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple568_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple568-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kean felt that the division could advance along the roads toward Chinju only when the mountainous center of the division front was clear. He therefore believed that the key to the advance of the 25th Division lay in its center where the North Koreans held the heights and kept the 24th Infantry Regiment under daily attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers177_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers177-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 27th Infantry on the left and the 35th Infantry on the right, astride the roads between Chinju and Masan held their positions and could not advance until the situation in front of the 24th Infantry improved.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple569_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple569-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 19 the UN discovered the North Koreans had abandoned of Battle Mountain during the night, and the 1st Battalion, 24th Infantry, moved up and occupied it. On the right, the 35th Infantry began moving forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers179_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers179-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was only light resistance until it reached the high ground in front of Chungam-ni where hidden North Korean soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">spider holes</a> shot at 1st Battalion soldiers from the rear. The next day the 1st Battalion captured Chungam-ni, and the 2nd Battalion captured the long ridge line running northwest from it to the Nam River. Meanwhile, the North Koreans still held strongly against the division left where the 27th Infantry had heavy fighting in trying to move forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple570_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple570-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Koreans withdrew from the Masan area the night of September 18–19. The NK 7th Division withdrew from south of the Nam River while the 6th Division sideslipped elements to cover the entire front. Covered by the 6th Division, the 7th had crossed to the north side of the Nam River by the morning of September 19. Then the NK 6th Division had withdrawn from its positions on Sobuk-san.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple570_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple570-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US units rapidly pursued them north, passing over the Battle Mountain positions, which were no longer of strategic importance.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers180_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers180-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <p>The 35th Infantry suffered 154 killed, 381 wounded, and two missing during the battle. The 27th Infantry lost a total of 118 killed, 382 wounded, and one captured during the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, however this included five killed and 54 wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bowling_Alley" title="Battle of the Bowling Alley">Battle of the Bowling Alley</a> and around 150 casualties at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Naktong_Bulge" title="First Battle of Naktong Bulge">First Battle of Naktong Bulge</a>. In support of the Nam River operations, the 64th Field Artillery Battalion suffered 16 killed, 27 wounded, one captured and five missing, the 159th Field Artillery Battalion lost 18 killed and 41 wounded, and the 90th Field Artillery Battalion 15 killed, 54 wounded and one missing.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecker29_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecker29-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment had performed so well in repulsing the North Koreans that Kean nominated it for a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Presidential Unit Citation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers163_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers163-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Korean troops suffered heavily in the fight, most becoming casualties in the attack. By mid-September, the NK 7th Division was reduced to just 4,000 men, a loss of 6,000 from when it was committed to the perimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple546_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple546-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 2,000 from the NK 6th Division returned to North Korea, a loss of 80 percent of its strength. Large groups of troops from the divisions were captured as they attempted to return to North Korea, including up to 3,000 troops. The attacking force of over 20,000 had been reduced to only 6,000 by the end of the fights at Masan.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple603_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple603-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fight at Masan remained a bitter stalemate during the entire six weeks of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. Each side attempted several offensives on the other in an attempt to force a withdrawal, but the North Koreans were unable to pierce the UN perimeter, and the UN troops were unable to overwhelm the North Koreans to the point they were forced to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers180_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers180-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle itself was a tactical tie, since neither side could decisively defeat the other, however the UN units achieved their strategic goal of preventing the North Koreans from advancing further east and threatening Pusan. Instead, they were able to hold the line against repeated attacks until the Inchon attack, and were thus successful in defeating the North Korean army in subsequent engagements.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple570_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple570-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Var3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Var3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarhola2000">Varhola 2000</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander52-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander52_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander52_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatchpole2001">Catchpole 2001</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Var4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Var4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Var4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarhola2000">Varhola 2000</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex90-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alex90_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex105-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alex105_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fehr103-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fehr103_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFehrenbach2001">Fehrenbach 2001</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple222-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple222_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple221-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple221_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catch24-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catch24_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatchpole2001">Catchpole 2001</a>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catchpole_2001_25-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catchpole_2001_25_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatchpole2001">Catchpole 2001</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers145-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers145_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers145_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple365-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple365_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple365_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hastings97-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hastings97_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHastings1988">Hastings 1988</a>, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple366-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple366_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers146-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers146_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple439-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple439_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple439_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple439_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers147-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers147_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers160-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers160_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers160_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander132-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexander132_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple438-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple438_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple438_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 438</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers157-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers157_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers157_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers157_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers149-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers149_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers148-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers148_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers155-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers155_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple440-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple440_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 440</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple441-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple441_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander181-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexander181_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple442-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple442_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple442_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple442_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple442_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple442_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 442</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander183-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander183_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander183_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander183_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2003">Alexander 2003</a>, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers158-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers158_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers159-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers159_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers162-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers162_35-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers161-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers161_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple443-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple443_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple443_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple443_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 443</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers164-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers164_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers164_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers164_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple470-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple470_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple470_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 470</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple471-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple471_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple472-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple472_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple472_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple472_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple472_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple472_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 472</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple473-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple473_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple473_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple473_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 473</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers163-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers163_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers163_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers163_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers163_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple474-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple474_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple474_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple474_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 474</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple475-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple475_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple475_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple475_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 475</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers178-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers178_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers172-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers172_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple476-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple476_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple476_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple476_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple476_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 476</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers150-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers150_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple477-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple477_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple477_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 477</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers177-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers177_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers177_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple478-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple478_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple478_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 478</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers174-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers174_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple479-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple479_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 479</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers176-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers176_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple568-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple568_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple569-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple569_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 569</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers179-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowers179_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple570-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple570_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple570_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple570_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 570</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers180-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers180_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowers180_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005">Bowers, Hammong & MacGarrigle 2005</a>, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecker29-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ecker29_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEcker2004">Ecker 2004</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple546-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple546_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 546</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple603-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple603_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppleman1998">Appleman 1998</a>, p. 603</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppleman1998" class="citation cs2">Appleman, Roy E. (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/korea/20-2-1/toc.htm"><i>South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001918-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001918-0"><bdi>978-0-16-001918-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+to+the+Naktong%2C+North+to+the+Yalu%3A+United+States+Army+in+the+Korean+War&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-16-001918-0&rft.aulast=Appleman&rft.aufirst=Roy+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fkorea%2F20-2-1%2Ftoc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowersHammongMacGarrigle2005" class="citation cs2">Bowers, William T.; Hammong, William M.; MacGarrigle, George L. (2005), <i>Black Soldier, White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea</i>, University Press of the Pacific, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4102-2467-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4102-2467-5"><bdi>978-1-4102-2467-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Soldier%2C+White+Army%3A+The+24th+Infantry+Regiment+in+Korea&rft.pub=University+Press+of+the+Pacific&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4102-2467-5&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rft.au=Hammong%2C+William+M.&rft.au=MacGarrigle%2C+George+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatchpole2001" class="citation cs2">Catchpole, Brian (2001), <i>The Korean War</i>, <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinson Publishing">Robinson Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-413-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-413-4"><bdi>978-1-84119-413-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War&rft.pub=Robinson+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84119-413-4&rft.aulast=Catchpole&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEcker2004" class="citation cs2">Ecker, Richard E. (2004), <i>Battles of the Korean War: A Chronology, with Unit-by-Unit United States Causality Figures & Medal of Honor Citations</i>, <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1980-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1980-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-1980-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Korean+War%3A+A+Chronology%2C+with+Unit-by-Unit+United+States+Causality+Figures+%26+Medal+of+Honor+Citations&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1980-7&rft.aulast=Ecker&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFehrenbach2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/T._R._Fehrenbach" title="T. R. Fehrenbach">Fehrenbach, T.R.</a> (2001), <i>This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History – Fiftieth Anniversary Edition</i>, Potomac Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-334-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-334-3"><bdi>978-1-57488-334-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Kind+of+War%3A+The+Classic+Korean+War+History+%E2%80%93+Fiftieth+Anniversary+Edition&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-334-3&rft.aulast=Fehrenbach&rft.aufirst=T.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings1988" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Hastings, Max</a> (1988), <i>The Korean War</i>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66834-1"><bdi>978-0-671-66834-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-671-66834-1&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarhola2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Varhola" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Varhola">Varhola, Michael J.</a> (2000), <i>Fire and Ice: The Korean War, 1950–1953</i>, <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-882810-44-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-882810-44-4"><bdi>978-1-882810-44-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+and+Ice%3A+The+Korean+War%2C+1950%E2%80%931953&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-882810-44-4&rft.aulast=Varhola&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Nam+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&oldid=612012495">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nam_River&oldid=612012495</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1950" title="Category:Conflicts in 1950">Conflicts in 1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950_in_Korea" title="Category:1950 in Korea">1950 in Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Korean_War" title="Category:Battles of the Korean War">Battles of the Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_North_Korea" title="Category:Battles involving North Korea">Battles involving North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_South_Korea" title="Category:Battles involving South Korea">Battles involving South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Korean_War_involving_the_United_States" title="Category:Battles of the Korean War involving the United States">Battles of the Korean War involving the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_Gyeongsang_Province" title="Category:North Gyeongsang Province">North Gyeongsang Province</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_Korea_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:South Korea articles missing geocoordinate data">South Korea articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_with_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates with coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates with coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 June 2014, at 00:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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