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A model of malignant glioma invasion into a gel matrix of collagen type I was used to characterize response to" /> <title>(PDF) Effects of radiation on a model of malignant glioma invasion | Rolando Maestro - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/13940931/Effects_of_Radiation_on_a_Model_of_Malignant_Glioma_Invasion" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733037660000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733037660000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"We sought to characterize the effects of radiation alone and in combination with BCNU and dexamethasone on malignant glioma invasion. A model of malignant glioma invasion into a gel matrix of collagen type I was used to characterize response to radiation treatment for four malignant glioma cell lines (C6, U251, U373, A172) and nine primary human glioblastoma explants. A radiation dose dependent inhibition of invasion was noted for the C6 astrocytoma cell line but not the other cell lines or explants. Addition of BCNU and dexamethasone to radiation produced additional inhibition of invasion among the cell lines and explants but could not suppress invasion entirely.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Rolando Maestro"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-02","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"1999-01-01","headline":"Effects of radiation on a model of malignant glioma invasion","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Dexamethasone","Cell line","Humans","Glioma","Glioblastoma","Neuro","Neoplasm Invasiveness","Radiation Dose","Malignant Glioma","Astrocytoma","Neurosciences","Combined Modality Therapy","In Vitro Techniques","Collagen type I"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":63025538,"created_at":"2021-12-02T14:27:58.459-08:00","from_world_paper_id":185554923,"updated_at":"2021-12-02T14:51:29.935-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"We sought to characterize the effects of radiation alone and in combination with BCNU and dexamethasone on malignant glioma invasion. A model of malignant glioma invasion into a gel matrix of collagen type I was used to characterize response to radiation treatment for four malignant glioma cell lines (C6, U251, U373, A172) and nine primary human glioblastoma explants. A radiation dose dependent inhibition of invasion was noted for the C6 astrocytoma cell line but not the other cell lines or explants. Addition of BCNU and dexamethasone to radiation produced additional inhibition of invasion among the cell lines and explants but could not suppress invasion entirely.","publication_date":"1999,,","publication_name":"Journal of neuro-oncology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Effects of radiation on a model of malignant glioma invasion","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [46086183]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":75591482,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Effects of radiation on a model of malignant glioma invasion”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/75591482/mini_magick20211202-31631-rkjbpv.png?1638484170" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Effects of radiation on a model of malignant glioma invasion</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46086183" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RolandoMaestro"><img alt="Profile image of Rolando Maestro" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Rolando Maestro</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1999, Journal of neuro-oncology</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">We sought to characterize the effects of radiation alone and in combination with BCNU and dexamethasone on malignant glioma invasion. A model of malignant glioma invasion into a gel matrix of collagen type I was used to characterize response to radiation treatment for four malignant glioma cell lines (C6, U251, U373, A172) and nine primary human glioblastoma explants. A radiation dose dependent inhibition of invasion was noted for the C6 astrocytoma cell line but not the other cell lines or explants. Addition of BCNU and dexamethasone to radiation produced additional inhibition of invasion among the cell lines and explants but could not suppress invasion entirely.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":75591482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63025538/Effects_of_radiation_on_a_model_of_malignant_glioma_invasion"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":75591482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63025538/Effects_of_radiation_on_a_model_of_malignant_glioma_invasion"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="75591482" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/63025538/Effects_of_radiation_on_a_model_of_malignant_glioma_invasion" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="13940932" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13940932/Effects_of_radiation_on_a_three_dimensional_model_of_malignant_glioma_invasion">Effects of radiation on a three-dimensional model of malignant glioma invasion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="212630715" href="https://ucf.academia.edu/RaviNadimpalli">Ravi Nadimpalli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chinese Journal of Cancer, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo","attachmentId":79043272,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68625394/Subcurative_radiation_significantly_increases_cell_proliferation_invasion_and_migration_of_primary_glioblastoma_multiforme_in_vivo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68625394/Subcurative_radiation_significantly_increases_cell_proliferation_invasion_and_migration_of_primary_glioblastoma_multiforme_in_vivo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="14700513" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14700513/Quantitative_assessment_of_glioblastoma_invasion_in_vivo">Quantitative assessment of glioblastoma invasion in vivo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33651153" href="https://washington.academia.edu/DanielSilbergeld">Daniel Silbergeld</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Letters, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative assessment of glioblastoma invasion in vivo","attachmentId":43963229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14700513/Quantitative_assessment_of_glioblastoma_invasion_in_vivo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14700513/Quantitative_assessment_of_glioblastoma_invasion_in_vivo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="118690227" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118690227/Infiltration_of_glioma_cells_in_brain_parenchyma_stimulated_by_radiation_in_the_F98_Fischer_rat_model">Infiltration of glioma cells in brain parenchyma stimulated by radiation in the F98/Fischer rat model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37583936" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenoitPaquette">Benoit Paquette</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the months following radiotherapy, a rapid recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme occurs in the periphery of the resection cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of irradiation of the brain in the infiltration profile of glioma cells. Using the F98/Fischer rat glioma model, we either irradiated the brain, the F98 cancer cells, or both to separately investigate the effects of radiation. Inflammatory cytokines and pro-infiltration molecules were measured in irradiated brain. A stimulation of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor β1 expression 4 h after brain irradiation supported induction of inflammation. Early elevated expression of phospholipase A(2) was also measured and was followed by a stimulation of cyclooxygenase-2 from day 5 to 20 after irradiation. This resulted in a biphasic increase of prostaglandins E(2) and D(2) biosynthesis with maximum at 4 h and 15 days post-irradiation. An important enhancement of F98 cells infiltration was observed when brain was irradiated, which took place at the expense of the growth of the primary tumour and resulted in a decreased median survival of the Fischer rats. This stimulation of F98 cells infiltration was associated with the pro-infiltration molecule, matrix metalloproteinase-2. In the animal model proposed, we demonstrated that irradiation of brain increased the infiltration capacity of F98 cells to the brain, resulting in a reduction of media survival of rats bearing this tumour. This animal model has also allowed identifying inflammatory cytokines and pro-infiltration molecules induced by radiation that can be targeted to prevent this adverse effect of radiation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Infiltration of glioma cells in brain parenchyma stimulated by radiation in the F98/Fischer rat model","attachmentId":114303618,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118690227/Infiltration_of_glioma_cells_in_brain_parenchyma_stimulated_by_radiation_in_the_F98_Fischer_rat_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118690227/Infiltration_of_glioma_cells_in_brain_parenchyma_stimulated_by_radiation_in_the_F98_Fischer_rat_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75591482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75591482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_75591482" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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data-author-id="229927278" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LarryDillehay">Larry Dillehay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1991</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Response of glioblastoma cell lines to low dose rate irradiation","attachmentId":92301714,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88302316/Response_of_glioblastoma_cell_lines_to_low_dose_rate_irradiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88302316/Response_of_glioblastoma_cell_lines_to_low_dose_rate_irradiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="21441078" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21441078/The_effects_of_irradiation_on_cell_migration_from_glioblastoma_multiforme_biopsy_spheroids">The effects of irradiation on cell migration from glioblastoma multiforme biopsy spheroids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42518141" href="https://eur.academia.edu/SiegerLeenstra">Sieger Leenstra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anticancer research</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effects of irradiation on cell migration from glioblastoma multiforme biopsy spheroids","attachmentId":41876813,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21441078/The_effects_of_irradiation_on_cell_migration_from_glioblastoma_multiforme_biopsy_spheroids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21441078/The_effects_of_irradiation_on_cell_migration_from_glioblastoma_multiforme_biopsy_spheroids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/862238/Identification_of_intrinsic_in_vitro_cellular_mechanisms_for_glioma_invasion">Identification of intrinsic in vitro cellular mechanisms for glioma invasion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="243793" href="https://khalifa.academia.edu/HaralambosHatzikirou">Haralambos Hatzikirou</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification of intrinsic in vitro cellular mechanisms for glioma invasion","attachmentId":5214592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/862238/Identification_of_intrinsic_in_vitro_cellular_mechanisms_for_glioma_invasion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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data-author-id="33864525" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JerryWilliams5">Jerry Williams</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Radiation Oncology Investigations, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Protracted exposure radiosensitization of experimental human malignant glioma","attachmentId":43806985,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14885497/Protracted_exposure_radiosensitization_of_experimental_human_malignant_glioma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/18590130/Dexamethasone_Induced_Enhancement_of_Resistance_to_Ionizing_Radiation_and_Chemotherapeutic_Agents_in_Human_Tumor_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="64803319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64803319/Invasiveness_in_vitro_and_biological_markers_in_human_primary_glioblastomas">Invasiveness in vitro and biological markers in human primary glioblastomas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48554430" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OleLaerum">Ole Laerum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of neuro-oncology, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Invasiveness in vitro and biological markers in human primary glioblastomas","attachmentId":76670669,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64803319/Invasiveness_in_vitro_and_biological_markers_in_human_primary_glioblastomas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64803319/Invasiveness_in_vitro_and_biological_markers_in_human_primary_glioblastomas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="115435193" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115435193/Cancer_Cell_Invasion_of_Brain_Tissue_Guided_by_a_Prepattern">Cancer Cell Invasion of Brain Tissue: Guided by a Prepattern?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="110569012" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DeutschAndreas">Andreas Deutsch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Theoretical Medicine, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cancer Cell Invasion of Brain Tissue: Guided by a 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