CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134fc3bfd9dce11',cH: '5iyHkVD7CMssHDcP14EfQB15KQNs.73jiQc3sAHoyIg-1739787002-1.2.1.1-uysngB4dnvRPb9j44kOuJjwXe0W3WNB0BUp0s6r9FrEdvopAE5vXUPNUo5H9SOB4',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/48489\/analysis-of-technical-efficiency-and-its-determinants-among-cattle-fattening-enterprises-in-kebbi-state-nigeria?__cf_chl_tk=TcQDTXV5q9fDMB7650flYdWMhXtbE3BV2WPhLiMxvHM-1739787002-1.0.1.1-h8QeLjESPanlqZ.D813X452iVGoD_7GPa3RgQXnEoNA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787002',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/48489\/analysis-of-technical-efficiency-and-its-determinants-among-cattle-fattening-enterprises-in-kebbi-state-nigeria?__cf_chl_f_tk=TcQDTXV5q9fDMB7650flYdWMhXtbE3BV2WPhLiMxvHM-1739787002-1.0.1.1-h8QeLjESPanlqZ.D813X452iVGoD_7GPa3RgQXnEoNA",md: "xm24.S3DoBTEH8vs1lx41icQuz4.KFOtERFSCQSiNZ0-1739787002-1.2.1.1-YtYM1OEmgCo8XbuHCYfQvJj8JSXeXgwdyk4tRZNZTXo7AcdAYAMWy5Omqs1QicUu0ONCpl6NajC.Y3W1FFH7XNz0FDvccjHHHu16ao6QgkVkqCk1_LrBIrJKaWWvbwQKDyiyYLyWjp.D8ehUatmikex6kvvKA6cRoSw.idlfoCMyki9xRPmQ4_rXWkjUrjpmEilEgrPNoA__ddnQgxJTc4EMXjXxbEStlaOZytNtSZvWG3fqAUDDJu2GEtM0geMRYZD3zCnI4x7l.PMzFn1yu_hOvT7ovhHj6VrijlIRcZA_hxlXJnEpked01F8lzlYnlMtINBDrg0io2NEGpeerC8V5XQN81VrO5VWhMa72G90aAubUVtuCwSRpdTt4pBcdxAsQ5xuj76WhSM82A.9HOLoxdqmqvaQVjfEFpT1ulJ6_1o3i3E6SBWWrGbDFnocCvsz._C_eHzQarTY1tFT45Eo3tnesuESlnNd.66jG_bJEGT1T6HXMlyCdKTNgwZC1NUrwNIpnoAO78vOXSlO__Cs1XhXTgjlnMcfvGzp_SQPHC0dAUFHaLE5DFl.3RRAAoNpNxvLQP8V5Uww8l6CbAC6YzlOgz4oGAGQ7JinMbK6pHQ93QfVjm68Q3gxLdj_Yk7rk3llrl0_lro9oJdWjETtlpzFiw3M7yWzAkxedjyKtppt2xEm6Df0oq4oi.5g91yZ.Ji2AyuRZFw.T3Fqfv8nH5._o8DoahqgVHYoOLDjTY.2brPnqyUkIXy.6H8HQul4ZG4IoiwEPF_T2OoZMR6Q3SUbOA.vzusr0ipCFsc3t5RBSGXBWcfbvNI31AaDem.fvWRU2jP36nDapwtpFpmXVSptT2YV0nmUemrgsHH.hopINNI5PTzyHjLzGG1FUkaqA_3vCld_DDmkKSua6CKRNXOWFuajnf9_LsWpZ6bORrXj38D2wceOG.VMPp1W9zLzy5fviVK8rUh8aqRXK6qvWmmvpUKJRV4DaJsylOUj3NL9bj4YMfl5JyAsTwkB_6dRJumtiER9AdF6jPUIFHbXQEE3ksNDq63GdTql7cA_Qj9hn1QDjtuw0tDjRm3Zv2Zxr699KJRlay3dwmAXYM9Xl7vlwPeT.7.9CQaNQyyXvBOU.OTeL.WcunIBaIKQ7CYSpPHx8SWAlohRNxZw5ZSKUqLN4LDZm85yAD6jwe46QexTTvX1PcCkSKGxicgGNheqLbF0vmgZ1OD59QbGBgPdo8uzpfHpGZBUGQwabMZBm5dRZu9LlcOQ4VNY_S0Q6GartYYQKHSjHZQJ3MSY0ogI2zDYLwc9MTixQ8rQ_CzPuoI6NmkDZaxCTw.5QoGFnDaCyqYnoSxvsqfsaukfrMJn4hwcnfGL51STzuEc2c4FNUlxXfBEDJq5Y.HWHmYh4CPjaJASRZKjGPnwXuMkYoDlW5IiYHSp3UXOxlDhIuEZp6QiZFyxXqqIarMqJMLYlSFBcLNxdHxMd9q6uVXWAyXoez_0OnF2UXqBFnJHAKoi3glytZ7ekCslndQ4259n3qto5cnQefhTNl3PHf8n7qgxNRVsPGiQM.LysYF0MYzqPKL4eHbYHZ0cH0aBoYLC_mbt.ar4dvLL6SEurdjGcZaHq3DqDt.jSDLHZQAykxRCbjMaatOKs23FRZZeH4lLzdmUdd8C4xj3WlKLmzUp6U6v3GGNoc3bpVWGHfokOFVLirq8lGe6ZVK_.KF7YktxcZWk59npb5y10rS0eDypYrakBm9smEgZd44qpbqBQVN4gNjqRfntjmM4bqu4NQt518A16GGgNljI9_BxfaBfr9G4cDJD0m18.ScxQc0Edr_eIQ_33Kc6kTVuOADZwRNsjxNYaxmE1pBi6CK52LbKOA9cMX1supwfSl.Gyn7PGgl0R5CMH427WdRpJLdIBkkWFmjlCpqto8Uqr3MmczQ1r06bh73SP.mhCcy5L5tQ0TVDJfLoEBrn_DE8ujP0SsprNlhn4EXUTyKEqlz664XSwfZ7R8JmyL0whqFnzquejPOTtcgzJxOLSf9oJd3GwFGl3eb2bw84Z9eoLpLvchlFcH0LLz0y6_GET9KXaGTNomn8VeTlZki_Rrz_HCyXiZmz.Ycrz6Azt3RTXVmz0WV5OGjH9_DUJ_1thfvh9SKghqJ0itistq0equFCrtySxZzWXOxJr79zKQkQ2Ky4XVkVTgg",mdrd: "esdw.703OpNo2XgovoDsZXLmmzuQrXgwli6rktaHqEw-1739787002-1.2.1.1-KZt0Hhx7NCwTWN_3oM.LPrsTuFabqZQxCHIe1FZcFGldUlmtAGTBpAOBJhhjIJx_.fUhHATsYcPCNrlleDaNY3viaa17shjT8GkAJICdUNf3UGEuLrEKmBRsiIfR88OEoCKvleACsh8WohMZ3kDFcQ5q.HtsUX8eVmtcM1Cd1_g6S82yw5k.TRSN1C23RLj5suqun8NrzuzIZhKuqwunFN0MEIFlkZV6eIpA5sg4CW1RmxZSSYwRdacCLjU3iDkjT9u4TmOdQ6Pxb8ID_ltfWn8rTR1XEmKyFGzwJg_stZcE1LSoHvWc2hVuGFF7EkDXybJ31ltZQF6QKN5nL6u.YuswPuKmpubhHsuxCsnQ4IsgbyMZ_1QLaps_iCyQIPToSyGbyqTMUwGv84v5V5tPoP_87IBCSUnlB8qQTLZQaVIuJShl_Jsy17mjxkocggHm5WTmsksio3qnCFdmZ98ZdZddy03D7xwWo23WI2UM48Tv57_B5YaLOClXxYtJX2NGIuhrpye70..pU1HiVQROv9JUR6MDqD1_YVEQcygooHuikZLOvGnT3PLbHL3PCPkPuxWMAvahsqSXg8.ezVb0ykhXzN7dq3fidRJA5FulHtJ4Pupsb0cLJpIwIN95jtAaoKGFNTtzmZ3nfkkRYFsoJ8ViHy0ITHTVabbjoUPMyWkRPE7uD5tttJ8KUQCaoHMVJeu7f2nIBqonjxqGkyd6mD.tVYVpUCPId8HYbauntp_oh6buUMPCvFiE.zbZeu1.zyfqdpfL.9PXBmO2VZKEmuWxZfuWyj8turh9weNFH9S4c95qVtiK_Rf2Vy9WoNG2v9.M2QtXb_.I1CV9.kP29a2dH4aWCyoPHrCCir5xqRWbHeBgutB5S2KvtAWBL79FR41Ct5zawNpaeclc6oh6sGQ07dNWrYleQH2t2KSmmOOjK2.22dlnnpJ1mQFsHO1_bl5pWkUDHF.s8D0Es1.3FKh.PMe_eJjjJJNmhlLZBJKcBQYkqsSep9braV9HMfoVE.lAE_aeObVIq1ItqSYzW42q4TpKEQ455QYhk0B2VtEiHD1OQAJqjX4Hiu8n5culbMS15GTALX0KJQba9YSiF4ae2Ptqojy8q.02WafcS2HjgdVh_ZpqzEeekM5t6uX_xBvkoKgsM5LumYU25RtqJx5LX433A8sylJ1OBGiG8XVtLpx3rB4Milge.uz2wG1lYumCeI8y_jiHMw8mCHxAboVnBJQoJEUMSCszW35ZvAn0VKPMYIuc.lSzRLsyhgLVqozVF4e2A4PmGJKT3OEfhtqqWFx1WfhHJa_foabKC61gwQX8WlTtWPqahJ4EP5N73VzX955.VLcRdUAgSlaBqKzqrN1YVHJjNrUwOTlbPVvnvPIchjuiFRSd885GcU05bH6A8Sq.4hZjToVTJfZ6PLhte0Zq7S3QI0SZqPQ.xXf9thb6py5DHzVombKS4SSi2U61Dgx4K_xSNDaJL778zF4eU1snJvYP6gBdsv3VWR.7cpnaetlWlkMHDshO_LH1M9lwwPrCYgbG_1s.cYT.gL9heyvgDfGMTa_p7vvZPBpmVWvAk0aJoDtNWA2u1Ydfslk3dI8KuCI2bTzX.mYaSxu4RHK.qe2fCOhyqlzRdiPp4THJF.zj2ImdbQH5N9UQAZaaFDEXZiiiOyfRDnpQ6BH_m.45KE_BOTieTEXTrPVAfdWqpf_unuEdwv7gJ4LnaaqalO8WA7RswxUZW8UlvkwH4teJwoBgi.PmLU67NvB2GRJN0xlOglZKkTBZMYrbtrz8KhQNjDXnX9wlM2eu0ncKwYuYyZ93yqEILqszbIkhv.0w8hdQ6GubP6TGKhJG1WezHvj3w1PKm4Gt73fvLLwa6s1GMIe1evC8j6gGS4Lm6ZJnWELD8yLfDD0wsLbtfh1yIPEyXP7weiHt97n2q6FZq0zBLOmlyH8gUS9eJgij8d6RBLt28GVdKjwiQBYen_G5UY.wzs9AuNJv0zxYfQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134fc3bfd9dce11';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/48489\/analysis-of-technical-efficiency-and-its-determinants-among-cattle-fattening-enterprises-in-kebbi-state-nigeria?__cf_chl_rt_tk=TcQDTXV5q9fDMB7650flYdWMhXtbE3BV2WPhLiMxvHM-1739787002-1.0.1.1-h8QeLjESPanlqZ.D813X452iVGoD_7GPa3RgQXnEoNA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>