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category-2443"><nav class="top-bar show-for-small"><ul class="title-area"><li class="name"><h1><a href="https://aoav.org.uk">AOAV.org.uk</a></h1></li><li class="toggle-topbar menu-icon"><a href="#"><span></span></a></li></ul><section class="top-bar-section"><ul id="menu-aoav" class="top-bar-menu right"><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-14789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-14789"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/acting-on-weapons/key-work/">What we do</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-28485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-28485"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/allreports/">All our reports</a></li><li id="menu-item-14773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-staff menu-item-14773"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/staff/">Staff and Board</a></li><li id="menu-item-12580" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom 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menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-41947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li id="menu-item-41949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li id="menu-item-41953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li id="menu-item-41950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-41952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li id="menu-item-41948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li id="menu-item-40673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li id="menu-item-40674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li id="menu-item-40675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li id="menu-item-40676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li id="menu-item-40677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li id="menu-item-40678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li id="menu-item-40680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li id="menu-item-25032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li id="menu-item-40681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li id="menu-item-40682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-40684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li id="menu-item-40685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li id="menu-item-40686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-40710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li id="menu-item-42398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-25872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-33495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-30724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-29226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-42411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-12781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li id="menu-item-13154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-13477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li id="menu-item-13524" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li id="menu-item-14974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li id="menu-item-13530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li id="menu-item-13420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li id="menu-item-13475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li id="menu-item-13153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li id="menu-item-29461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li id="menu-item-13531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li id="menu-item-13429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-31633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-23178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-31637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li id="menu-item-31767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li id="menu-item-31772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li id="menu-item-13883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-25747" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-18799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item active menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/" aria-current="page">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-26547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-23177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-24864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li id="menu-item-24551" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-16195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-22461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li id="menu-item-25031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-21988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-20013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li id="menu-item-15777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li id="menu-item-26508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children active has-dropdown menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-25694" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li id="menu-item-25744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li id="menu-item-25496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li id="menu-item-24066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li id="menu-item-25746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li id="menu-item-39625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item active menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/" aria-current="page">Refugees</a></li><li id="menu-item-28460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-21744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-15838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li id="menu-item-21330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li id="menu-item-21751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li id="menu-item-21755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21758" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li id="menu-item-21762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li id="menu-item-21764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-15805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li id="menu-item-15782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li id="menu-item-15783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-12798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-30410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li id="menu-item-40454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li id="menu-item-34835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-14903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li id="menu-item-21500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-33000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-21898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-43885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li id="menu-item-34757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-34319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li id="menu-item-34788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li id="menu-item-40004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-35940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-29303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the ‘War on Terror’</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-39889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak’s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li id="menu-item-25495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-38965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-23215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has-dropdown menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu dropdown"><li id="menu-item-37300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li id="menu-item-42080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li id="menu-item-42167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li id="menu-item-36654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li id="menu-item-14637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li id="menu-item-44429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></section></nav><div id="header-wrap"><div class="row"><header role="banner" class="site-header small-12 columns" id="masthead"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk" rel="home">AOAV</a></p></div><div class="hide-for-small search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" 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menu-item-object-category menu-item-41956"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/saudi-led-coalition/">Saudi-led coalition</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41959"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/us-led-coalition/">US-led coalition</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41960"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/state-actors/myanmar-military/">Myanmar</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-41945"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/">Non-state actors</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41951"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41947"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">The Taliban</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/al-shabaab/">Al Shabaab</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41953"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/houthis/">The Houthis</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41950"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41952"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/jamaat-ul-ahrar/">Jamaat-ul Ahrar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-41948"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan/">The Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40669"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40670"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-azerbaijan/">Azerbaijan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40672"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/gaza/">Gaza</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40673"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-india/">India</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40674"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/iraq/">Iraq</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40675"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-israel/">Israel</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40676"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/libya/">Libya</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40677"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-myanmar/">Myanmar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40678"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40679"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/pakistan/">Pakistan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40683"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-the-philippines/">Philippines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40680"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/somalia/">Somalia</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25032"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/sri-lanka-case-study/">Sri Lanka</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40681"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/explosive-violence-in-sudan/">Sudan</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40682"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/syria/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40684"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/turkey-explosive-weapons/">Turkey</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40685"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40686"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/yemen/">Yemen</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40710"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/methodology/">Methodology</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42398"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/explosive-violence-monitor-2023/">2023 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25872"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/explosive-violence-monitor-2022/">2022 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2022/explosive-violence-monitor-2021/">2021 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30724"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2021/explosive-violence-monitor-2020/">2020 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29226"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2020/explosive-violence-monitor-2019/">2019 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42345"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/explosive-violence-monitor-2018/">2018 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42399"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2018/explosive-violence-monitor-2017/">2017 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42404"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/explosive-violence-monitor-2016/">2016 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-42411"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/explosive-violence-monitor-2015/">2015 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12779"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2015/explosive-violence-monitor-2014/">2014 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12778"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/explosive-violence-monitor-2013/">2013 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/explosive-violence-monitor-2012/">2012 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12781"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2012/explosive-violence-monitor-2011/">2011 Monitor</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13154"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/report-translations/">Translations</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13477"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/">Arabic/العربية</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13524"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/monitoringverslagen-over-explosieven-in-het-nederlands/">Dutch/Nederlands</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14974"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/suomi/">Finnish/Suomi</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13530"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/rapports-sur-la-violence-explosive-en-francais/">French/Français</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13420"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/explosionsmonitor-berichte-auf-deutsch/">German/Deutsch</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13475"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%b8%ce%ad%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%81%ce%b7%ce%ba%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82/">Greek/ελληνικά</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13153"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/%e9%98%bb%e6%ad%a2%e6%ad%a6%e8%a3%9d%e6%9a%b4%e5%8a%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95/">Mandarin/中文</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-29461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/key-report-translations/rapporto-sulle-esplosioni-violente-in-italiano/">Italian/Italiano</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13531"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/portugues/">Portuguese/Português</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-monitor-report-translations/reportes-del-observador-de-explosivos-en-espanol/">Spanish/Español</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-12421"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/manufactured-explosive-weapons/">Manufactured explosives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-31633"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/">Manufactured Explosive Weapons explained</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23178"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/air-dropped-bombs-in-yemen/">Air strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-an-artillery-strike/">Artillery strikes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13949"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/grad-attack/">Grads</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31767"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-grenade-attack/">Grenades</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-31772"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/an-anatomy-of-a-landmine-blast/">Landmines</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13883"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/mortar-attacks/">Mortars</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-26504"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of explosive violence on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25695"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25745"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25459"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25747"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-18799"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/" aria-current="page">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26547"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victims</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23177"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/">Air strikes</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24864"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/air-strikes/air-rules-of-engagement/">Air Rules of Engagement</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-24551"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/air-strikes-and-terror-attacks-examined/">Air strikes and terror attacks examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16195"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/air-strikes/drones/">Drones</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-22461"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/reverberating-effects-of-explosive-violence/">Reverberating effects</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21468"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2013/syrias-dirty-dozen/">Syria</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25031"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons-news/manufactured-explosive-weapons/reverberating-effects/lebanon-case-study/">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-12418"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/">IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21988"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2019/aoavs-research-on-improvised-explosive-devices-ieds/">IED types</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-20013"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/understanding-rising-cult-suicide-bomber/">Suicide bombings</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/manufactured-explosive-weapons/weapons-explained/anatomies-of-explosive-weapons-attacks/anatomy-of-a-suicide-bombing/">A suicide bombing in Pakistan examined</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15777"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/2013-boston-marathon-bombings-report/">Boston Marathon bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15891"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/material-harm/">IED precursors</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-26508"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/impact-of-explosive-violence-on-civilians/">Impact of IEDs on civilians</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25694"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/children-explosive-violence/">Children</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/environment/">Environment</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-25496"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/gender-and-explosive-violence/">Gender</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24066"><a href="https://donorbox.org/action-on-armed-violence">Please fund us</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25746"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/health/">Health</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-39625"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/" aria-current="page">Refugees</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28460"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/victims-rights/">Victim assistance</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21744"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/counter-improvised-explosive-devices-c-ied-mapping/">Counter-IED map</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15838"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/ied-key-reports/ieds-and-suicide-bombings/tracking-ied-harm/">Who is reporting IED harm?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21330"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/explosiveviolence/ieds/addressing-threat-posed-ieds-national-regional-global-initiatives/">Addressing the threat posed by IEDs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21751"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/international/">Global C-IED initiatives</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21755"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/military/">Military C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21758"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/ngo/">NGO C-IED work</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21762"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/police/">Police C-IED units</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21764"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2017/private/">Private C-IED organisations</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-15805"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2016/non-state-actor-nsa-use-ieds/">Non-state actor use of IEDs</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14636"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/islamic-state/">Explosive violence by Islamic State</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15782"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/boko-haram/">Explosive violence by Boko Haram</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15783"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/explosive-violence-research/non-state-actors/taliban/">Explosive violence by the Taliban</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12798"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/guns/">Guns & Knives</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-30410"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/">Police Forces</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40454"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/police-forces/london-murder-capital/">London: murder capital</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34835"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/">Gun violence</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14903"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/guns/15-mass-shootings-that-changed-the-law/">Mass shootings that changed the law</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21500"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/2014/devils-trade-guns-violence-el-salvador/">Guns in El Salvador</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-33000"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/knife-crime/">Knife violence</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-21898"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/">Militarism examined</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-43885"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/the-digital-frontline-disinformation-and-ai-in-modern-warfare/">The Digital Frontline: Disinformation and AI in Modern Warfare</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-34757"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/">UK Special Forces</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34319"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/killing-in-the-shadows/">Killing in the Shadows: UKSF extra-judicial murders</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34788"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/uksf-global-operations/">UK Special Forces Global Operations</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40004"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/special-forces/independent-inquiry-relating-to-afghanistan/">Independent Inquiry relating to Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-35940"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/civilian-deaths-from-british-military-action/">Civilian deaths from British military action</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29303"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/deaths-in-the-war-on-terror/">Deaths in the ‘War on Terror’</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39889"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/wikileaks-iraq-war-logs/">Wikileak’s Iraq War Logs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-25495"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">Media, militarism and culture</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-38965"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/reporting-on-the-war-in-ukraine/">Reporting on the war in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23215"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/">Arms Exports</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37300"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/arms-trade-treaty-examined/">The Arms Trade Treaty</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42080"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/who-is-arming-israel/">Who is arming Israel?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-42167"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/bae-systems-examined/">Who does BAE Systems sell to?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36654"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/uk-arms-exports-to-countries-of-concern/">UK arms exports to countries of concern</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14637"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/uk-arms-export-countries/us-department-of-defence-contract-analysis/">US arms exports under scrutiny</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-44429"><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/british-militarism/media-reporting-of-explosive-violence/">War reporting</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div id="wrap"><div id="primary" class="content-area row"><div id="content" class="site-content large-12 columns" role="main"><p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/">Home</a></span> / <span><a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/">Reverberating effects of explosive violence</a></span></span></p> <img class="header-img" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Screenshot-2020-12-03-at-14.25.09.png" /><header class="category-header"><h1 class="title">Refugees and violence</h1><p class="category-meta">This category looks at the impact of explosive violence on refugees worldwide. In particular, it highlights AOAV’s report ‘<em>The Refugee Explosion</em>‘ which examines Europe’s treatment of those fleeing explosive violence.</p></header><ul id="infinite" class="large-block-grid-3 article-list post-list"><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/us-blames-rwanda-for-deadly-camp-strike-amidst-uks-designation-of-rwanda-as-a-safe-country/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-15.29.25-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="DR Congo, Rwanda, M23 rebels, RDF, US State Department, UK asylum policy, Shabindu camp bombing, international humanitarian law, press freedom, refugee safety" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /><div class="date">7 May 2024</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">US blames Rwanda for deadly camp strike amidst UK’s designation of Rwanda as a safe country for refugees</h4><p class="excerpt">The bombing of the Shabindu displacement camp in Goma, attributed to the Rwandan army and M23 rebels, highlights serious concerns about Rwanda's designation as a safe country for UK asylum seekers, amidst accusations of compromised press freedom and human rights abuses.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/stormy-seas-ahead-uks-controversial-rwanda-asylum-plan-faces-moral-and-legal-challenges/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/58e1968d-0bf1-4636-ba95-cdc55908d2d9-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Rwanda Asylum Policy, UK Supreme Court, Legal Challenges, Human Rights, Immigration Reform, Cross-Channel Migration, International Law, Government Strategy, Political Debate, Refugee Crisis" decoding="async" /><div class="date">8 Dec 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Stormy seas ahead: UK’s controversial Rwanda asylum plan faces moral and legal challenges</h4><p class="excerpt">AOAV dives into the UK's contentious Rwanda asylum policy, highlighting the legal, ethical, and political waves it has generated</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/uks-asylum-policy-and-rwandas-m23-involvement-a-troubling-contradiction/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/74f299e2-9f32-4714-bfed-d79827a4801c-340x200.webp" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK Asylum Policy, Rwanda, M23 Rebels, Human Rights Violations, International Condemnation, UN Security Council, Rwandan Troops, Eastern Congo Conflict, Legal and Ethical Debate, International Asylum Laws, Humanitarian Concerns, AOAV, Dr. Iain Overton, International Relations, Asylum Seeker Protection" decoding="async" /><div class="date">5 Dec 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK’s asylum policy and Rwanda’s M23 involvement: a troubling contradiction</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK's policy of deporting asylum seekers to Rwanda, amidst reports of the latter's support for M23 rebels and associated human rights abuses, presents a stark ethical dilemma and contradicts the notion of Rwanda as a safe country.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/aoavs-executive-director-was-refused-a-journalist-visa-in-rwanda-to-investigate-human-rights-concerns-there-he-spoke-to-the-bbc-about-his-concerns-of-it-being-a-safe-country-for-refugees/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Screenshot-2023-11-15-at-21.13.52-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK Government, Rwanda, Asylum Policy, Supreme Court, Emergency Legislation, Human Rights, Rishi Sunak, Non-Refoulement, Legal Challenges, Immigration Reform, Refugee Protection, International Law, European Court of Human Rights, Asylum Seeker Safety." decoding="async" /><div class="date">15 Nov 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">AOAV’s Executive Director was refused a journalist visa in Rwanda to investigate human rights concerns there. He spoke to the BBC about his concerns of it being a ‘safe’ country for refugees</h4><p class="excerpt">In response to the UK Supreme Court declaring its Rwanda asylum policy unlawful, the UK government is drafting emergency legislation to establish Rwanda as a safe country for asylum seekers. AOAV's Executive Director appeared on the BBC to argue that to establish this notion of safety would require proper scrutiny of Rwanda.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/uk-supreme-court-rules-against-sending-asylum-seekers-to-rwanda-landmark-judgement-upholds-human-rights/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Screenshot-2023-11-15-at-10.29.15-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK Supreme Court, Rwanda Asylum Policy, Human Rights Act 1998, Refoulement, UNHCR, International Law, Asylum Seekers, Home Secretary, Legal Judgment, Immigration Act 1971, Procedures Directive, EU Law." decoding="async" /><div class="date">15 Nov 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK Supreme Court rules against sending asylum seekers to Rwanda: landmark judgement upholds human rights</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK Supreme Court has unanimously ruled the Rwanda asylum policy unlawful, citing substantial risks of refoulement and inadequate protection for asylum seekers.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/of-barges-and-banishments-what-the-bibby-stockholm-reveals-about-the-uks-dark-history/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_3465-1-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Britain, iconic places, gatekeepers, migration, Portland Island, asylum seekers, Bibby Stockholm, Portland's history, Viking invasion, King Henry VIII, Suella Braverman, Robert Jenrick, Home Office, evidence, public interest, overcrowded jails, Hulks Act, offshoring, Australia, Rwanda, British Empire, civilisation, rights of man, Portland stone, tragedy." decoding="async" /><div class="date">24 Oct 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">Of Barges and Banishments: what the Bibby Stockholm reveals about the UK’s dark history</h4><p class="excerpt">Suella Braverman’s asylum barges are tied up with Britain’s imperial past, writes Iain Overton</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/the-rwanda-problem-why-human-rights-abuses-by-the-rwandan-government-pose-a-major-problem-to-the-uks-asylum-seeker-solution/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/8ac5843d239bac9407c4e39b07031ead7f4f204d-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="UK-Rwanda Partnership, Asylum, Human Rights, Refugee Convention, Court of Appeal, Supreme Court, Rwanda's Asylum System, Discrimination, Deportation, Universal Periodic Review, Parliamentarians, Foreign Office, International Refugee Law, Humanitarian Protection" decoding="async" /><div class="date">24 Oct 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">The Rwanda problem: why human rights abuses by the Rwandan government pose a major problem to the UK’s asylum seeker ‘solution’</h4><p class="excerpt">Human rights concerns include police violence, discrimination, and the deportation of asylum seekers, prompting the need for Parliamentarians to cancel the scheme and advocate for improved refugee treatment through mechanisms like the Universal Periodic Review.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/for-me-to-return-to-afghanistan-its-death-the-reality-of-demonised-asylum-seekers/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/unnamed-4-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Cement factory, soft rain, Craywick, Steene, English Channel, English shoreline, Afghan man, asylum seeker, British charity aid, Care4Calais, hygiene packs, board games, makeshift barber, volunteers, young Iraqi girl, wrist braid, English learning game, American accent, NATO cooperation, Taliban takeover, financial loss, family tragedy, brother's death, UK asylum process criticism, Kabul airport, Islamabad British consulate, moral responsibility, NATO troops, asylum seeker deportation, Rwanda, Taliban threat, employment promise, worker abandonment, compassion, charity assistance, innocence presumption, asylum policy criticism, racism allegations, charity expenses, food and clothing donations, warehouse, donation organization, humanitarian mission, refugee support, asylum legitimacy, governmental neglect, press criticism, vulnerable population support, Afghan colonels, visible torture scars, journalist, refugee status expiration, Care4Calais criticism, ex-CEO controversy, Charity Commission, governance failures, NGO efforts, Médecins Sans Frontières, dawn assistance, basic needs provision, sanitary products, baby formula, immigration debate, asylum seeker determination, asylum process improvement, life vest accessibility, toilet facilities, societal treatment measure, moral deficit, government failings, Conservative party, systemic state failures, collective humanity, societal disregard." decoding="async" /><div class="date">28 Sep 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">‘For me to return to Afghanistan… It’s Death’: The Reality of Demonised Asylum Seekers</h4><p class="excerpt">What are the forces driving refugees across the Channel? What are they fleeing? What are they hoping for? Dr Iain Overton travelled to Calais to find out.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/war-and-the-refugee-a-call-for-empathy-in-an-age-of-intolerance/"><div class="img"><img width="256" height="197" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/download.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Dr. Iain Overton, Festival of Writing and Ideas 2023, war victims, victors, vanquished, civilians, conflict zones, Latin America, Somalia, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, human suffering, empathy, Carlos Fuentes quote, compassion, media bias, immigrants, political outrage, anti-immigrant protests, refugees, Britain, sanctuary, Shakespeare quote, shared humanity, fostering love." decoding="async" /><div class="date">26 Jun 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">War and the refugee: a call for empathy in an age of intolerance</h4><p class="excerpt">In his 2023 lecture at the Festival of Writing and Ideas, Dr. Iain Overton reflects on the persistent suffering of war victims throughout history, underscoring the critical need for empathy towards those fleeing from conflict zones, challenging discriminatory media rhetoric, and urging us to recognise our shared humanity in order to foster a compassionate, welcoming society.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/uk-government-plans-to-move-asylum-seekers-from-hotels-to-military-accommodation-amidst-concerns-over-housing-standards/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Screenshot-2023-03-29-at-07.52.06-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="asylum seekers, UK government, alternative accommodation, hotels, military sites, ferries, barges, illegal migration, National Audit Office, armed forces personnel, Napier Barracks, Folkestone, Kent, healthcare, legal advice, living conditions, housing, controversy" decoding="async" /><div class="date">29 Mar 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK government plans to move asylum seekers from hotels to military accommodation amidst concerns over housing standards</h4><p class="excerpt">The UK government's plans to move asylum seekers from hotels to alternative accommodation, including former military sites and even ferries, has been met with controversy and criticism, with concerns raised over the quality and safety of the proposed accommodation, as well as the government's obligation to provide adequate housing for both asylum seekers and military personnel.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/uk-stays-silent-on-rwandas-role-in-drc-war-crimes/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/88095562_rwanda_kagame_g-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Amnesty International, DRC, M23 rebels, war crimes, Rwanda, impunity, UK, silence." decoding="async" /><div class="date">20 Mar 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">UK stays silent on Rwanda’s role in DRC War crimes</h4><p class="excerpt">The recent Amnesty International report has revealed that the Rwandan-backed M23 rebels are committing war crimes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) with impunity, while the UK remains silent on Rwanda's role.</p></div></a></li><li class="article"><a class="post" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2023/international-commission-uncovers-war-crimes-and-human-rights-violations-in-ukraine-amidst-widespread-destruction/"><div class="img"><img width="340" height="200" src="https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/126862973_mariupol-340x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium-thumb size-medium-thumb" alt="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine*" decoding="async" /><div class="date">17 Mar 2023</div></div><div class="post-summary__content"><h4 class="entry-title">International Commission uncovers war crimes and human rights violations in Ukraine amidst widespread destruction</h4><p class="excerpt">The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine has released a report documenting numerous violations of international human rights and humanitarian law committed by Russian authorities in Ukraine and within Russia, including war crimes and attacks on civilians, calling for accountability and urgent action to protect civilians and prevent further atrocities.</p></div></a></li></ul><div id="page-nav"> <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/category/reverberating-effects/refugee-explosion/page/2/" ></a></div></div></div></div> <div id="footer-wrap"><div class="row footer"><div class="large-8 columns"> <p>Action on Armed Violence, 405 Mile End Road, London, E3 4PB. <a href="https://aoav.org.uk/contact/"><i class="icon-map-marker"></i> View map</a>.<br> <i 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