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action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div 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<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Conjunt+d%27instruccions" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Conjunt+d%27instruccions" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Conjunt+d%27instruccions" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Conjunt+d%27instruccions" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Llista_d'ISAs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llista_d'ISAs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Llista d'ISAs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Llista_d'ISAs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Llista d'ISAs</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Llista_d'ISAs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISAs_implementats_en_maquinari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISAs_implementats_en_maquinari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ISAs implementats en maquinari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISAs_implementats_en_maquinari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISAs_generalment_implementats_en_programari_amb_encarnacions_en_maquinari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISAs_generalment_implementats_en_programari_amb_encarnacions_en_maquinari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>ISAs generalment implementats en programari amb encarnacions en maquinari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISAs_generalment_implementats_en_programari_amb_encarnacions_en_maquinari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISAs_només_implementat_en_programari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISAs_només_implementat_en_programari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>ISAs només implementat en programari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISAs_només_implementat_en_programari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISAs_mai_implementats_en_maquinari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISAs_mai_implementats_en_maquinari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>ISAs mai implementats en maquinari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISAs_mai_implementats_en_maquinari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Conjunt d'instruccions</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 15 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruk%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_sada" title="Instrukční sada - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Instrukční sada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruktionss%C3%A6t" title="Instruktionssæt - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Instruktionssæt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Befehlssatz" title="Befehlssatz - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Befehlssatz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komandaro" title="Komandaro - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komandaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_d%27instructions" title="Jeu d'instructions - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeu d'instructions" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_instruksi" title="Set instruksi - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Set instruksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedil-komandaro" title="Procedil-komandaro - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Procedil-komandaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set" title="Instruction set - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Instruction set" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="命令セット - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="命令セット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructieset" title="Instructieset - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Instructieset" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruksjonssett" title="Instruksjonssett - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Instruksjonssett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_rozkaz%C3%B3w_procesora" title="Lista rozkazów procesora - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lista rozkazów procesora" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunto_de_instru%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Conjunto de instruções - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conjunto de instruções" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_de_instruc%C8%9Biuni" title="Set de instrucțiuni - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Set de instrucțiuni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set" title="Instruction set - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Instruction set" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67185243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conjunt_d%27instruccions" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Conjunt_d%27instruccions" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conjunt_d%27instruccions"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conjunt_d%27instruccions"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Conjunt_d%27instruccions" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Conjunt_d%27instruccions" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&oldid=33926398" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&id=33926398&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConjunt_d%2527instruccions"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConjunt_d%2527instruccions"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Conjunt+d%27instruccions"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Instruction_processing" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67185243" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-notice" style="" data-severity="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Merge-arrows.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/40px-Merge-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/60px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/80px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <b>S'ha proposat <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Fusi%C3%B3" title="Viquipèdia:Fusió">fusionar</a> aquesta pàgina</b> amb «<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_del_conjunt_d%27instruccions" title="Arquitectura del conjunt d'instruccions">Arquitectura del conjunt d'instruccions</a>». <small>(vegeu la <a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Conjunt_d%27instruccions" title="Discussió:Conjunt d'instruccions">discussió</a>, pendent de concretar). <br /></small> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Un <b>conjunt d'instruccions</b>, <b>repertori d'instruccions</b>, <b>joc d'instruccions</b> o <b>ISA</b> (de l'anglès <i>Instruction Set Architecture</i>, «Arquitectura del Conjunt d'Instruccions») és una especificació que detalla les <a href="/wiki/Instrucci%C3%B3_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Instrucció (informàtica)">instruccions</a> que el <a href="/wiki/Unitat_Central_de_Proc%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitat Central de Procés">processador</a> d'un <a href="/wiki/Ordinador" title="Ordinador">ordinador</a> pot entendre i executar, o el conjunt de totes les ordres implementades per un disseny particular d'una CPU. El terme descriu els aspectes del <a href="/wiki/Processador" class="mw-redirect" title="Processador">processador</a> generalment visibles a un programador, incloent-hi els tipus de dades natives, les instruccions, els registres, l'arquitectura de memòria i les interrupcions, entre d'altres aspectes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>N'hi ha de tres tipus: <a href="/wiki/CISC" title="CISC">CISC</a> (<i>Complex Instruction Set Computer</i>), <a href="/wiki/RISC" title="RISC">RISC</a> (<i>Reduced Instruction Set Computer</i>) i SISC (<i><a href="/wiki/Simple_Instruction_Set_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple Instruction Set Computing">Simple Instruction Set Computing</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De vegades, l'arquitectura del conjunt d'instruccions s'utilitza per distingir aquest conjunt de característiques de la <a href="/wiki/Microarquitectura" title="Microarquitectura">microarquitectura</a>, que són els elements i tècniques que s'empren per implementar el conjunt d'instruccions. Entre aquests elements s'hi troben les microinstruccions i els sistemes de <a href="/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_cau" title="Memòria cau">memòria cau</a>. </p><p>Processadors amb diferents dissenys interns poden compartir un conjunt d'instruccions; per exemple l'<a href="/wiki/Intel_Pentium" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Pentium">Intel Pentium</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> <a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a> implementen versions gairebé idèntiques del conjunt d'instruccions x86, encara que tenen dissenys interns completament diferents.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llista_d'ISAs"><span id="Llista_d.27ISAs"></span>Llista d'ISAs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Llista d'ISAs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aquesta llista no és exhaustiva, ja que contínuament s'abandonen arquitectures velles i se n'inventen de noves. Hi ha molts <a href="/wiki/Microprocessador" title="Microprocessador">microprocessadors</a> comercialment disponibles i <a href="/wiki/Microcontrolador" title="Microcontrolador">microcontroladors</a> que implementen ISAs. ISAs personalitzades són també bastant comuns en algunes aplicacions, p. ex. <a href="/wiki/ASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIC">ASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/FPGA" class="mw-redirect" title="FPGA">FPGA</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Computaci%C3%B3_reconfigurable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computació reconfigurable (encara no existeix)">computació reconfigurable</a>. </p> <ul><li>Llista de conjunts d'instruccions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISAs_implementats_en_maquinari">ISAs implementats en maquinari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: ISAs implementats en maquinari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEC_Alpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEC Alpha (encara no existeix)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_ARM" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura ARM">ARM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grans_sistemes_de_Burroughs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grans sistemes de Burroughs (encara no existeix)">Sèrie Burroughs B5000/B6000/B7000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IA-64" title="IA-64">IA-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_MIPS" title="Arquitectura MIPS">MIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessadors_Motorola_de_la_fam%C3%ADlia_68000" title="Microprocessadors Motorola de la família 68000">Motorola 68k</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA-RISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PA-RISC (encara no existeix)">PA-RISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_700/7000" title="IBM 700/7000">IBM 700/7000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/360" title="IBM System/360">System/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/370" title="IBM System/370">System/370</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System/390&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System/390 (encara no existeix)">System/390</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z/Arquitectura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z/Arquitectura (encara no existeix)">z/Arquitectura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura Power (encara no existeix)">Arquitectura Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_POWER&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM POWER (encara no existeix)">POWER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAX (encara no existeix)">VAX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SuperH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SuperH (encara no existeix)">SuperH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricore (encara no existeix)">Tricore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transputer (encara no existeix)">Transputer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNIVAC_1100/2200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNIVAC 1100/2200 (encara no existeix)">UNIVAC 1100/2200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/I386" class="mw-redirect" title="I386">i386</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlon" title="Athlon">Athlon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X86-64" class="mw-redirect" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (superconjunt de 64 bits d'IA-32)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EISC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EISC (encara no existeix)">EISC</a> (AE32K)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISAs_generalment_implementats_en_programari_amb_encarnacions_en_maquinari">ISAs generalment implementats en programari amb encarnacions en maquinari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: ISAs generalment implementats en programari amb encarnacions en maquinari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCSD_p-System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCSD p-System (encara no existeix)">p-Code</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=UCSD_p-System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCSD p-System (encara no existeix)">UCSD p-System</a> Versió III en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_MicroEngine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal MicroEngine (encara no existeix)">Pascal MicroEngine</a> de <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0quina_Virtual_Java" class="mw-redirect" title="Màquina Virtual Java">Màquina Virtual Java</a> (ARM <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazelle (encara no existeix)">Jazelle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PicoJava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PicoJava (encara no existeix)">picoJava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Processador_optimitzat_Java&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Processador optimitzat Java (encara no existeix)">JOP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth" title="Forth">FORTH</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISAs_només_implementat_en_programari"><span id="ISAs_nom.C3.A9s_implementat_en_programari"></span>ISAs només implementat en programari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: ISAs només implementat en programari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ISAC - <i>Instruction Set Architecture C</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISAs_mai_implementats_en_maquinari">ISAs mai implementats en maquinari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: ISAs mai implementats en maquinari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A0quina_SECD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Màquina SECD (encara no existeix)">Màquina SECD</a>, una màquina virtual utilitzada per alguns <a href="/wiki/Llenguatge_de_programaci%C3%B3" title="Llenguatge de programació">llenguatges de programació</a> funcionals.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MMIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MMIX (encara no existeix)">MMIX</a>, una màquina d'ensenyament utilitzada en <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A0quina-Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Màquina-Z (encara no existeix)">Màquina-Z</a>, una màquina virtual originada en <a href="/wiki/Infocom" title="Infocom">Infocom</a> i utilitzat per <a href="/wiki/Joc_d%27aventura" class="mw-redirect" title="Joc d'aventura">jocs d'aventura de text</a>, i el seu successor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glulx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glulx (encara no existeix)">Glulx</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609013018/http://shekel.jct.ac.il/~citron/ca/isa.html">Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)</a>» (en anglès). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shekel.jct.ac.il/~citron/ca/isa.html">original</a> el 2019-06-09. [Consulta: 15 juliol 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707175455/http://www.it.uc3m.es/~labsimitis/sesiones/teoria/ArquitecturaComputador.pdf">Arquitectura de un computador</a>» (PDF) (en castellà). Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.it.uc3m.es/~labsimitis/sesiones/teoria/ArquitecturaComputador.pdf">original</a> el 2012-07-07. [Consulta: 15 juliol 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/x86-64_wp.pdf">x86-64™ Technology White Paper</a>» (PDF) (en anglès).  Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.. [Consulta: 15 juliol 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vegeu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ostatic.com/isac">ISAC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165216/http://ostatic.com/isac">Arxivat</a> 2016-03-03 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/research/groups/lissom/application.html">Lissom</a>, o <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://llvm.org/">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a> i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMBackend.html">back-end</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunt_d%27instruccions&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cse.uconn.edu/~huang/spring08_340/slides/lecture2/isa_slide.pdf">Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423181130/http://www.cse.uconn.edu/~huang/spring08_340/slides/lecture2/isa_slide.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2015-04-23 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33780657">.mw-parser-output .linkformat{position:relative;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:0.85em;font-weight:bold;cursor:default;color:#808080;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}</style><span class="linkformat" title="És PDF"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/14px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/21px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/28px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></span></span> PDF</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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