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military support to dictatorships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s–1980s_military_support_to_dictatorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proxies_against_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proxies_against_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Proxies against Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proxies_against_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorism" title="Category:Terrorism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_terrorism" title="History of terrorism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents" title="List of terrorist incidents">Incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_terrorism" title="Communist terrorism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_terrorism" title="Left-wing terrorism">Left-wing/Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcotics-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing/Far-right</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Christian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_violence" title="Mormonism and violence">Mormon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_terrorism" title="Hindu terrorism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_extremist_terrorism" title="Jewish extremist terrorism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh terrorism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Special-interest_terrorism" title="Special-interest terrorism">Special-interest / Single-issue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_bombing_and_arson_campaign" title="Suffragette bombing and arson campaign">Suffragette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence" title="Anti-abortion violence">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Green/Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogynist_terrorism" title="Misogynist terrorism">Misogynist</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violent_extremism" title="Violent extremism">Violent extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_organizations_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia organizations in the United States">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">Resistance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Structure</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_financing" title="Terrorism financing">Financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_front_organization" title="Terrorist front organization">Fronting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">online</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">Training camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">Death squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">Clandestine cell system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaderless_resistance" title="Leaderless resistance">Leaderless resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attack" title="Lone wolf attack">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_terrorism" title="Domestic terrorism">Domestic</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_terrorism" title="Tactics of terrorism"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Methods</li><li>Tactics</li></ul></div></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">Agro-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">Aircraft hijacking</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_hijackings" title="List of aircraft hijackings">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">Decapitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing">Bombing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-borne_bomb_attacks" title="Animal-borne bomb attacks">Animal-borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">Car</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mass_car_bombings" title="List of mass car bombings">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">Improvised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_bomb" title="Letter bomb">Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat" title="Bomb threat">Threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_run_(terrorism)" title="Dry run (terrorism)">Dry run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_terrorism" title="Environmental terrorism">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">Hostage-taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_terror" title="Individual terror">Individual terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">Kidnapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attack" title="Lone wolf attack">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_terrorism" title="Paper terrorism">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Shooting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">Spree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabbing_as_a_terrorist_tactic" title="Stabbing as a terrorist tactic">Stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">Suicide attack</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Suicide_bombings_by_country" title="Category:Suicide bombings by country">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_terrorism#Rocket_and_mortar_attacks" title="Tactics of terrorism"><span class="wrap">Rockets and mortars</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">Vehicle-ramming</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Terrorist groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">Designated terrorist groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charities_accused_of_ties_to_terrorism" title="List of charities accused of ties to terrorism">Charities accused of ties to terrorism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor">Violent non-state actors</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">State terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#Soviet_Union" title="Terrorism in Russia">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state_terrorism" title="United States and state terrorism">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="India and state-sponsored terrorism">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist terrorism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Libya and state-sponsored terrorism">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Response to terrorism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_conventions_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International conventions on terrorism">International conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_insurance" title="Terrorism insurance">Terrorism insurance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Terrorism" title="Template:Terrorism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorism" title="Template talk:Terrorism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> has been accused of engaging in <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">state-sponsored terrorism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as committing acts of <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a> on a daily basis in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countries that have condemned Israel's role as a perpetrator of state-sponsored terrorism or state terrorism include <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early example of Israeli state-sponsored was the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a>, a botched bomb plot in Egypt that led to the resignation of the Israeli defense minister at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, Israel was also a major supplier of arms to dictatorial regimes in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In the 21st-century, it has been accused of sponsoring and supporting several terrorist groups as part of its proxy conflict with Iran. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1950–51_Baghdad_bombings"><span id="1950.E2.80.9351_Baghdad_bombings"></span>1950–51 Baghdad bombings</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1950%E2%80%9351_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="1950–51 Baghdad bombings">1950–51 Baghdad bombings</a></div> <p>1950–1951 Baghdad bombings refers to a series of bombings of Jewish targets in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Iraq, between April 1950 and June 1951. There is a dispute around the true identity and objective of the offenders behind the bombings, and this issue remains unresolved. </p><p>Two activists in the Iraqi Zionist underground were found guilty by an Iraqi court for a number of the bombings, and were sentenced to death. Another was sentenced to life imprisonment and seventeen more were given long prison sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris91_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris91-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The allegations against Israeli agents had "wide consensus" amongst <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Jews">Iraqi Jews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klausner_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klausner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the Iraqi Jews in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> who lived in poor conditions blamed their ills and misfortunes on the Israeli Zionist emissaries or Iraqi Zionist underground movement.<sup id="cite_ref-war_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory that "certain Jews" carried out the attacks "in order to focus the attention of the Israel Government on the plight of the Jews" was viewed as "more plausible than most" by the British Foreign Office.<sup id="cite_ref-BritEmb_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritEmb-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Segev_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segev-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telegrams between the <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> agents in Baghdad and their superiors in Tel Aviv give the impression that neither group knew who was responsible for the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Segev_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segev-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel has consistently denied involvement in the bombings.<sup id="cite_ref-Mossad1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mossad1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1954_Lavon_Affair">1954 Lavon Affair</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinhas_Lavon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhas_Lavon.jpg/200px-Pinhas_Lavon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhas_Lavon.jpg/300px-Pinhas_Lavon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhas_Lavon.jpg/400px-Pinhas_Lavon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Minister">Israeli Defense Minister</a> Pinhas Lavon</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a></div> <p>The 'Lavon Affair' was an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> <a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">covert operation</a>, code named 'Operation Susannah', conducted in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in the Summer of 1954. As part of the <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> operation,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_terrorism_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_terrorism-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a group of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Jews">Egyptian Jews</a> were recruited by <a href="/wiki/Israeli_military_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military intelligence">Israeli military intelligence</a> to plant bombs inside Egyptian, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>-owned civilian targets, cinemas, libraries and American educational centers. The attacks were to be blamed on the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Communists" class="mw-redirect" title="Communists">Communists</a>, "unspecified malcontents" or "local nationalists" with the aim of creating a climate of sufficient violence and instability to induce the British government to maintain its occupying troops in Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> zone.<sup id="cite_ref-Teveth_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teveth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explosions were timed to happen several hours after closing time, and did not cause any fatalities. However, an operative died when a bomb he was taking to a movie theater ignited prematurely in his pocket. In addition, two operatives committed suicide after being captured and two more operatives who were tried, convicted and executed by Egypt. </p><p>The operation ultimately became known as the 'Lavon Affair'. Following this operation the Israeli defense minister <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Lavon" title="Pinhas Lavon">Pinhas Lavon</a> was forced to resign. Even though Israel denied any involvement in the operation for 51 years, the surviving members were honored by Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Katzav" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Katzav">Moshe Katzav</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-honored_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honored-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation is cited as a case study in critical terrorism studies.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1954_forced_landing_of_Syrian_civilian_aircraft">1954 forced landing of Syrian civilian aircraft</h2></div> <p>On 12 December, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> intercepted a Syrian civilian plane and forced it to land at <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Lod Airport</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the passengers were held for two days.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Airways (Compagnie Arienne Syrienne) Dakota plane was flying from Damascus to Cairo with five passengers and five crew members, when two Israeli fighter jets ordered it to divert course and land, by (according to a Syrian statement) threatening to fire upon it. Detained passengers included Cherif Kotmeh of the Syrian Embassy in Cairo, two other Syrian nationals, and an Egyptian lawyer's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These foreign nationals were later taken to their respective borders and released.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An American businessman was released immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli authorities claimed that the aircraft crossed into Israeli territory near Acre before it was forced down,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Syrian official statements claimed the plane had been flying over the high seas.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the United Nations, Syrian delegate Ahmed Shukairi denounced “a shocking act of aggression.”<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reporting to the Knesset's Foreign Affairs Defense Committee the following week, Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett stated that the plane had not been in Israeli airspace, but merely in an area managed by Lod's air traffic controllers, and there was "no precedent" for "requiring a plane to land" in such circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian government immediately alleged that the detention was connected to the detention of five Israeli soldiers involved in a December 8 border confrontation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Livia Rokach,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kameel Nasr,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noam Chomsky,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Donald Neff<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have each described the incident as state-sponsored hijacking or terrorism. Historian of airline hijacking Philip Baum concluded instead that it was far from terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett's diary states that Chief of Staff Moshe Dayan intended "to get hostages in order to obtain the release of our soldiers in Damascus."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharett wrote to Defense Minister Lavon that, "our action was without precedent in the history of international practice. What shocks and worries me is the narrow-mindedness and the short-sightedness of our military leaders. They seem to presume that the state of Israel may—or even must—behave in the realm of international relations according to the laws of the jungle."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1970s–1980s_military_support_to_dictatorships"><span id="1970s.E2.80.931980s_military_support_to_dictatorships"></span>1970s–1980s military support to dictatorships</h2></div> <p>Since the 1970s, Israel has provided military support to a range of dictatorial regimes in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Lernoux" title="Penny Lernoux">Penny Lernoux</a> called it a "Who's Who" of dictators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1970 and 1980, Israel accounted for 80% of military imports in <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel also provided 100 advisors, pilots for combat missions, and a computer system to monitor resistance activity in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, Israel was the sole arms supplier during the terror that followed the election of <a href="/wiki/General_Lucas_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="General Lucas García">General Lucas García</a> in 1978, events that included the <a href="/wiki/Panz%C3%B3s_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzós massacre">Panzós massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198464_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198464-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, as reported by <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, Israel served as a proxy for the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, providing aircraft used to massacre the <a href="/wiki/Timorese" class="mw-redirect" title="Timorese">Timorese</a> in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners">Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners" title="Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners">Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners</a></div> <p>After the 1979 <a href="/wiki/1979_Nahariya_attack" title="1979 Nahariya attack">massacre of an Israeli family at Nahariya</a> by <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Liberation Front">Palestine Liberation Front</a> militants, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Eitan" title="Rafael Eitan">Rafael Eitan</a> instructed Israeli General <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Ben-Gal" title="Avigdor Ben-Gal">Avigdor Ben-Gal</a> to "Kill them all," meaning the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Liberation Organization">Palestinian Liberation Organization</a> and those connected to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Eitan's approval, Ben-Gal charged <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a> with running the operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operations, approved by the Chief of Staff, were kept secret from the IDF's General Staff and many other members of the Israeli government.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Agmon" title="David Agmon">David Agmon</a>, at the time head of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(Israel)" title="Northern Command (Israel)">Israel's northern command</a>, was one of the few people who was briefed on its operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanese operatives on the ground from the <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Lebanon">Shiite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Druze_people_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze people in Lebanon">Druze</a> communities were recruited. The aim of the series of operations was to "cause chaos among the Palestinians and Syrians in Lebanon, without leaving an Israeli fingerprint, to give them the feeling that they were constantly under attack and to instill them with a sense of insecurity."<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in July 1981, with a bomb attack on the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) offices at Fakhani Road in <a href="/wiki/West_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="West Beirut">West Beirut</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these attacks were claimed by a group called the <a href="/wiki/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Lebanon_from_Foreigners" title="Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners">Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners</a>. The FLLF was itself a front for Israeli agents,<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it killed hundreds of people between 1979 and 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmag_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmag-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GTD_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By September 1981, the Front's operations consisted of car bombs exploding regularly in the Palestinian neighborhoods of Beirut and other Lebanese cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergman_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly deadly attacks include an October 1, 1981 attack in Beirut that killed 83 and a November 29, 1981 attack in Aleppo that killed 90.<sup id="cite_ref-GTD_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FLLF operations came to a sudden halt just prior to the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GTD_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only to be resumed the following year: first a 28 January 1983 strike on a PLO headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Chtaura" title="Chtaura">Chtaura</a> in the Syrian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Beqaa_Valley" title="Beqaa Valley">Beqaa Valley</a>, killing 35,<sup id="cite_ref-GTD_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coupled by a second on 3 February at West Beirut that devastated the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Research_Center" title="Palestine Research Center">Palestine Research Center</a> offices and left 20 people dead, including the wife of <a href="/wiki/Sabri_Jiryis" title="Sabri Jiryis">Sabri Jiryis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third bombing occurred on Syrian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> on 7 August 1983, which killed about 30 people and injured nearly 40,<sup id="cite_ref-GTD_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by another on 5 December 1983 at the <a href="/wiki/Chyah" title="Chyah">Chyah</a> quarter of the Southern suburbs of Beirut that claimed the lives of 12 people and maimed over 80.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FLLF disbanded after 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmag_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmag-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proxies_against_Iran">Proxies against Iran</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg/220px-Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg/330px-Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg/440px-Abdolmalek_Rigi_in_Islamic_Revolutionary_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdolmalek_Rigi" title="Abdolmalek Rigi">Abdolmalek Rigi</a>, who according to Iranian officials, admitted to his extensive contacts with the Israeli Mossad.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Iranian_nuclear_scientists" title="Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists">Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists</a></div> <p>Israel and Iran are belligerent enemies. Though they have never been at war, both nations make efforts to undermine the other's influence in the region through various means: diplomatic, economic, and military. This includes the use of (often armed) proxies, which facilitate indirect conflict between the powers, and in the case of Iranian proxies <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, outright <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>. The Israeli government supports various armed groups in its conflict with Iranian government.<sup id="cite_ref-Middle_East_Studies_1987,_p._261_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Studies_1987,_p._261-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Four Iranian nuclear scientists—<a href="/wiki/Masoud_Alimohammadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoud Alimohammadi">Masoud Alimohammadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majid_Shahriari" title="Majid Shahriari">Majid Shahriari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darioush_Rezaeinejad" class="mw-redirect" title="Darioush Rezaeinejad">Darioush Rezaeinejad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Ahmadi_Roshan" title="Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan">Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan</a>—were <a href="/wiki/Assassinated" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassinated">assassinated</a> between 2010 and 2012. Another scientist, <a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Abbasi" title="Fereydoon Abbasi">Fereydoon Abbasi</a>, was wounded in an <a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">attempted</a> <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmadi_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmadi-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_line_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_line-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the killings were carried out with magnetic bombs attached to the targets' cars; Darioush Rezaeinejad was shot dead, and Masoud Alimohammadi was killed in a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">motorcycle-bomb</a> explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> article, two anonymous U.S. officials stated that the Obama administration knew about the assassination campaign but had "no direct involvement, while <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Larijani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Javad Larijani">Mohammad Javad Larijani</a> blamed the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mujahedin_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Mujahedin of Iran">People's Mujahedin of Iran</a> (MEK).<sup id="cite_ref-NBC2012_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC2012-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_2012_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_2012-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> article, the Israeli government, with knowledge and support from the US government, <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">assassinated</a> Fakhrizadeh on 27 November 2020 in a road ambush in <a href="/wiki/Absard" title="Absard">Absard</a> using an innovative <a href="/wiki/Lethal_autonomous_weapon" title="Lethal autonomous weapon">autonomous satellite-operated gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2012 report in <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> agents disguised as <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) officers also recruited members of <a href="/wiki/Jundallah_(Iran)" title="Jundallah (Iran)">Jundallah</a>—"a Pakistan-based <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> terrorist organization ... responsible for assassinating Iranian government officials and killing Iranian women and children"—to carry out "<a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a>" operations against Iran, straining <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel's relations with the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-False_flag_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-False_flag-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syrian_civil_war">Syrian civil war</h2></div> <p>Israel provided funding,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weapons<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Good_Neighbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Good Neighbor">medical assistance</a> to wounded <a href="/wiki/Syrian_rebel" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian rebel">Syrian rebels</a><sup id="cite_ref-rebel_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebel-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> crossing the border of "the Israeli-controlled <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>"; most of this assistance has gone to <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lesser_evil_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lesser_evil-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aymenn_Jawad_Al-Tamimi" title="Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi">Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi</a> notes that "this[,] however[,] does not prove that it is a matter of Israeli policy to provide treatment for Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham members."<sup id="cite_ref-Assessment_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assessment-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli officials stated that they provide humanitarian aid to wounded combatants and civilians regardless of their identity.<sup id="cite_ref-rebels_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebels-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rebel1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebel1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a March 2015 report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, two-thirds of "the Syrians treated in Israel" were military-age men.<sup id="cite_ref-Lesser_evil_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lesser_evil-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One UNDOF report stated that two boxes of unspecified content were transferred from Israel to Syrian rebels and that the soldiers of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> met with Syrian rebels in the east of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-rebels_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebels-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel is believed to share intelligence with the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-Berman_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berman-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Former head of Israel's <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">military intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Amos_Yadlin" title="Amos Yadlin">Amos Yadlin</a> explained Israel's rationale: "There is no doubt that Hezbollah and Iran are the major threat to Israel, much more than the radical Sunni Islamists, who are also an enemy."<sup id="cite_ref-Lesser_evil_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lesser_evil-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IDF Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Gadi_Eisenkot" title="Gadi Eisenkot">Gadi Eisenkot</a> has acknowledged that Israel has provided weapons to rebel groups in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities_in_the_occupied_territories">Activities in the occupied territories</h2></div> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_war_in_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 war in Gaza">2008–2009 war in Gaza</a>, international law scholar <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Falk" title="Richard A. Falk">Richard A. Falk</a> opined that the scope of Israeli attacks were an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a> named after the deliberately excessive air bombardment of the <a href="/wiki/Dahieh" title="Dahieh">Dahiya</a> quarter of <a href="/wiki/South_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="South Beirut">South Beirut</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a> at the expense of civilian infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-ATROST_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATROST-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Likewise, in the 2008–09 conflict, Falk observed how the <a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldstone Report">Goldstone Report</a> concluded that the Israeli strategy was "designed to punish, humiliate and terrorize a civilian population".<sup id="cite_ref-ATROST_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATROST-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falk stated: "The civilian infrastructure of adversaries such as Hamas or Hezbollah are treated as permissible military targets, which is not only an overt violation of the most elementary norms of the law of war and of universal morality, but an avowal of a doctrine of violence that needs to be called by its proper name: state terrorism."<sup id="cite_ref-ATROST_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATROST-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions">2024 Lebanon pager explosions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Lebanon pager explosions">2024 Lebanon pager explosions</a></div> <p>On 17 and 18 September 2024, thousands of handheld <a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">pagers</a> and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkies</a> intended for use by <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> exploded simultaneously across Lebanon and Syria in an Israeli attack.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack killed at least 42 people, including at least 12 civilians, and wounded more than 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belgian deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/Petra_De_Sutter" title="Petra De Sutter">Petra De Sutter</a> called the incident a "terror attack."<sup id="cite_ref-OliphantConfino_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OliphantConfino-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention" title="Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention</a> condemned the incident as "terrorist attacks against Lebanese people".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In official statements, the attack was also labelled terrorism by Hamas and by Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Al_Jazeera2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a>, the former-<a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> director, stated, "I don't think there's any question it's a form of terrorism."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> foreign affairs chief <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> condemned the attack, saying they were aimed "to spread terror in Lebanon".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism">Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Terrorism and the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Iranian_nuclear_scientists" title="Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists">Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">Crenshaw, Martha; Pimlott, John (2015), "Western Sponsors of Terrorism", <i>International Encyclopedia of Terrorism</i>, Routledge, p. 680, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135919665" title="Special:BookSources/9781135919665"><bdi>9781135919665</bdi></a>, <q>Israel has been involved in sponsoring terrorist groups in Lebanon. In its struggle against Palestinian and Shiite terrorists, Israel generally relied on assassinations carried out by its special forces or on military reprisals, but also provided arms, training and military assistance to local militias such as the right-wing Phalange. Like other militias involved in Lebanon's civil war, Phalange carried out numerous terrorist attacks. The most notorious was the massacre of Palestinian civilians at Sabra and Chatilla refugee camps near Beirut in 1982.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Western+Sponsors+of+Terrorism&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Terrorism&rft.pages=680&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781135919665&rft.aulast=Crenshaw&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft.au=Pimlott%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Johnson, Dale L. (2017), <i>Social Inequality, Economic Decline, and Plutocracy: An American Crisis</i>, Springer, p. 123, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319490434" title="Special:BookSources/9783319490434"><bdi>9783319490434</bdi></a>, <q>Israel, a nation that engages in state-sponsored terrorism in the extreme, has received more American military and economic aid than any country in the world, allowing the continuation of the Palestine occupation and violent repression of the resistance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Inequality%2C+Economic+Decline%2C+and+Plutocracy%3A+An+American+Crisis&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319490434&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Dale+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Wright, Robert (13 February 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/israel-and-proxy-terrorism/252971/"><i>Israel and Proxy Terrorism</i></a>, The Atlantic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508150025/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/israel-and-proxy-terrorism/252971/">archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+Proxy+Terrorism&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2012%2F02%2Fisrael-and-proxy-terrorism%2F252971%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Grinberg, Lev (May 2002), "Israel's State Terrorism", <i>Peace Research</i>, <b>34</b> (1), Canadian Mennonite University: 1–2, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23608008">23608008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peace+Research&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+State+Terrorism&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2002-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23608008%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grinberg&rft.aufirst=Lev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Hagopian, Elaine C. (Spring 2017), "Reviewed Work: State of Terror: How Terrorism Created Modern Israel by Suarez, Thomas", <i>Arab Studies Quarterly</i>, <b>39</b> (2), Pluto Journals: 861–864, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13169%2Farabstudquar.39.2.0861">10.13169/arabstudquar.39.2.0861</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/arabstudquar.39.2.0861">10.13169/arabstudquar.39.2.0861</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+State+of+Terror%3A+How+Terrorism+Created+Modern+Israel+by+Suarez%2C+Thomas&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=861-864&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13169%2Farabstudquar.39.2.0861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.13169%2Farabstudquar.39.2.0861%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hagopian&rft.aufirst=Elaine+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Nasr, Sandra (2009), "Israel's other terrorist challenge", in Richard Jackson; Eamon Murphy; Scott Poynting (eds.), <i>Contemporary State Terrorism: Theory and Practice</i>, Routledge, pp. 68, 74, 81–82, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135245160" title="Special:BookSources/9781135245160"><bdi>9781135245160</bdi></a>, <q>From the foregoing, it is surely indisputable that Israel is committing acts of state terror of many kinds on a daily basis in the Occupied Territories... It is reasonable to conclude that until all appropriate steps to prevent IDF abuse against unarmed Palestinian civilians are taken by authorities, Israel is culpable and guilty of using state terror tactics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+other+terrorist+challenge&rft.btitle=Contemporary+State+Terrorism%3A+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pages=68%2C+74%2C+81-82&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781135245160&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/bolivia-declares-israel-a-terrorist-state/"><i>Bolivia declares Israel a 'terrorist state'<span></span></i></a>, Times of Israel, 31 July 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627203719/https://www.timesofisrael.com/bolivia-declares-israel-a-terrorist-state/">archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bolivia+declares+Israel+a+%27terrorist+state%27&rft.pub=Times+of+Israel&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fbolivia-declares-israel-a-terrorist-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=1666694&language=en">"Siniora says Israel's attacks "state-sponsored terrorism"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, <i>Kuwait News Agency</i>, 30 July 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803133018/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=1666694&language=en">archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kuwait+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Siniora+says+Israel%27s+attacks+%22state-sponsored+terrorism%22&rft.date=2006-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuna.net.kw%2FArticlePrintPage.aspx%3Fid%3D1666694%26language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/ws1av6?update=3045274">"Malaysia condemns 'heinous and appalling attack' on al-Mawasi"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 13 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Malaysia+condemns+%27heinous+and+appalling+attack%27+on+al-Mawasi&rft.date=2024-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fws1av6%3Fupdate%3D3045274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Angus McDowall; Rania El Gamal; Sami Aboudi (August 2014), Mark Heinrich (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-gaza-saudi/saudi-king-labels-israeli-offensive-in-gaza-a-war-crime-idUSKBN0G142I20140801">"Saudi king labels Israeli offensive in Gaza a war crime"</a>, <i>Reuters</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620105527/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-gaza-saudi/saudi-king-labels-israeli-offensive-in-gaza-a-war-crime-idUSKBN0G142I20140801">archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-02</span></span>, <q>Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah broke his silence on Friday over the three-week-old conflict in Gaza, condemning what he saw as international silence over Israel's offensive and describing this as a war crime and "state-sponsored terrorism".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+king+labels+Israeli+offensive+in+Gaza+a+war+crime&rft.date=2014-08&rft.au=Angus+McDowall&rft.au=Rania+El+Gamal&rft.au=Sami+Aboudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-gaza-saudi%2Fsaudi-king-labels-israeli-offensive-in-gaza-a-war-crime-idUSKBN0G142I20140801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide</i>, vol. 5, Gale Group, 2002, pp. 313, 319, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787659110" title="Special:BookSources/9780787659110"><bdi>9780787659110</bdi></a>, <q>Clearly Syria sees Israel as a terrorist state and has even suggested to Washington that Israel be added to the U.S. government's list of state sponsors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Behind+the+Headlines%3A+The+Origins+of+Conflicts+Worldwide&rft.pages=313%2C+319&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780787659110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2017/12/10/turkish-president-erdogan-calls-israel-terrorist-netanyahu-hits-back">"Erdogan calls Israel 'terrorist', Netanyahu hits back"</a>, <i>Euronews</i>, 10 December 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415031409/https://www.euronews.com/2017/12/10/turkish-president-erdogan-calls-israel-terrorist-netanyahu-hits-back">archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Erdogan+calls+Israel+%27terrorist%27%2C+Netanyahu+hits+back&rft.date=2017-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2017%2F12%2F10%2Fturkish-president-erdogan-calls-israel-terrorist-netanyahu-hits-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Jeffrey Heller (9 June 2010), Diana Abdallah (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-flotilla-inquiry/netanyahu-says-ready-to-testify-in-flotilla-inquiry-idUSTRE65838V20100609">"Netanyahu says ready to testify in flotilla inquiry"</a>, <i>Reuters</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126001618/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-flotilla-inquiry/netanyahu-says-ready-to-testify-in-flotilla-inquiry-idUSTRE65838V20100609">archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>, <q>The bloodshed triggered an international outcry and strained relations between Israel and its once-close Muslim ally, Turkey. Israel called the troops' actions "self-Defense." Turkey described the killings as "state-sponsored terrorism."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+says+ready+to+testify+in+flotilla+inquiry&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.au=Jeffrey+Heller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-flotilla-inquiry%2Fnetanyahu-says-ready-to-testify-in-flotilla-inquiry-idUSTRE65838V20100609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/yemeng040924.pdf"><i>Yemeni Statement</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, United Nations, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703134131/https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/yemeng040924.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-02</span></span>, <q>We demand the Security Council to ensure the physical safety of the Palestinian President Yasser Arafat, and to provide protection for the Palestinian people against Israeli state-sponsored terrorism, in addition to showing respect for the wishes and the will of the Palestinian people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemeni+Statement&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwebcast%2Fga%2F59%2Fstatements%2Fyemeng040924.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris91-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris91_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris & Black, 1992, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FkyMsycbemEC&dq=shalom+salha+baghdad&pg=PA91">p. 91</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klausner-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klausner_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Klausner, Samuel (1998), "The Jewish Exodus from Iraq 1948-1951", <i>Contemporary Jewry</i>, <b>19</b> (1): 180–185, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02963432">10.1007/BF02963432</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23455343">23455343</a>, <q>Most of the 120,000 Iraqi Jews, transported to Israel through Operation Ezra and Nemehiah in 1950-1, believed they had been stampeded into fleeing by the Israeli Mossad. Many still believe that when registration for emigration slowed, members of the Zionist underground tossed hand grenades into Jewish institutions. This suspicion has contributed to the alienation of Iraqi immigrants from successive Labor governments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Jewry&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Exodus+from+Iraq+1948-1951&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=180-185&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02963432&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23455343%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Klausner&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-war-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-war_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_BlackBenny_Morris1991" class="citation book cs1">Ian Black; Benny Morris (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FkyMsycbemEC&pg=PA92"><i>Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services</i></a>. Grove Press. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802132864" title="Special:BookSources/9780802132864"><bdi>9780802132864</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Secret+Wars%3A+A+History+of+Israel%27s+Intelligence+Services&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780802132864&rft.au=Ian+Black&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFkyMsycbemEC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritEmb-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritEmb_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Embassy in Baghdad, FO371, EQ1571, Baghdad to FO, 27 June 1951, "one theory which is more plausible than most is that certain Jews have endeavoured, by throwing bombs at certain buildings, to focus the attention of the Israel Government on the plight of the Jews in Iraq so that they would keep the airlift moving quickly, and, possibly as a second object, to induce those well-to-do Jews who had decided to remain in Iraq to change their mind and emigrate to Israel."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Segev-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Segev_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Segev_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Segev" class="citation book cs1">Tom Segev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504154232/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=703367"><i>Now it can be told</i></a>. Haaretz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=703367">the original</a> on 2008-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Now+it+can+be+told&rft.pub=Haaretz&rft.au=Tom+Segev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fobjects%2Fpages%2FPrintArticleEn.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D703367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mossad1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mossad1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090314053000/http://www.babylonjewry.org.il/new/english/whats.htm">"To Baghdad and Back"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babylonjewry.org.il/new/english/whats.htm">the original</a> on March 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Baghdad+and+Back&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.babylonjewry.org.il%2Fnew%2Fenglish%2Fwhats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_terrorism-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Global_terrorism_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_M._LutzBrenda_J._Lutz2004" class="citation book cs1">James M. Lutz; Brenda J. Lutz (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dULlTAe_NwEC&q=%22false+flag%22+Israel+Egypt&pg=PA46"><i>Global terrorism</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-70051-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-70051-5"><bdi>0-415-70051-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+terrorism&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-70051-5&rft.au=James+M.+Lutz&rft.au=Brenda+J.+Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdULlTAe_NwEC%26q%3D%2522false%2Bflag%2522%2BIsrael%2BEgypt%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teveth-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teveth_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Teveth1996" class="citation book cs1">S. Teveth (1996). <i>Ben-Gurion's spy: the story of the political scandal that shaped modern Israel</i>. Columbia University Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10464-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10464-7"><bdi>978-0-231-10464-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ben-Gurion%27s+spy%3A+the+story+of+the+political+scandal+that+shaped+modern+Israel&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10464-7&rft.au=S.+Teveth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-honored-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-honored_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3065838,00.html">"Israel honors 9 Egyptian spies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 30 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227083535/http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3065838,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+honors+9+Egyptian+spies&rft.pub=Ynetnews&rft.date=2005-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2FExt%2FComp%2FArticleLayout%2FCdaArticlePrintPreview%2F1%2C2506%2CL-3065838%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Kassimi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Kassimi, Khaled (2019). Simons, Greg (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23311886.2019.1586813">"Critical terrorism studies (CTS): (State) (sponsored) terrorism identified in the (militarized) pedagogy of (U.S.) law enforcement agencies"</a>. <i>Cogent Social Sciences</i>. <b>5</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23311886.2019.1586813">10.1080/23311886.2019.1586813</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150995215">150995215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cogent+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Critical+terrorism+studies+%28CTS%29%3A+%28State%29+%28sponsored%29+terrorism+identified+in+the+%28militarized%29+pedagogy+of+%28U.S.%29+law+enforcement+agencies&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23311886.2019.1586813&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150995215%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Al-Kassimi&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F23311886.2019.1586813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously Lydda airport, later Ben Gurion Airport.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Middle East International No 268, 7 February 1986, Publishers <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Lord Mayhew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walters" title="Dennis Walters">Dennis Walters</a>. Michael Jansen p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1954/12/13/84445401.html">"Syrian Airliner Seized by Israel"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1954-12-13. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Syrian+Airliner+Seized+by+Israel&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1954-12-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1954%2F12%2F13%2F84445401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/archive/syrian-plane-all-passengers-released-by-israel-leaves-for-cairo">"Syrian Plane, All Passengers, Released by Israel; Leaves for Cairo"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 1954-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Syrian+Plane%2C+All+Passengers%2C+Released+by+Israel%3B+Leaves+for+Cairo&rft.date=1954-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2Farchive%2Fsyrian-plane-all-passengers-released-by-israel-leaves-for-cairo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic1954" class="citation cs2">Republic, Syrian Arab (1954-12-14), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/629595"><i>Letter dated 14 December 1954 from the Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations, addressed to the President of the Security Council</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+dated+14+December+1954+from+the+Permanent+Representative+of+Syria+to+the+United+Nations%2C+addressed+to+the+President+of+the+Security+Council&rft.date=1954-12-14&rft.aulast=Republic&rft.aufirst=Syrian+Arab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.un.org%2Frecord%2F629595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/archive/israel-releases-captain-of-syrian-airplane-four-still-detained">"Israel Releases Captain of Syrian Airplane; Four Still Detained"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 1954-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Israel+Releases+Captain+of+Syrian+Airplane%3B+Four+Still+Detained&rft.date=1954-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2Farchive%2Fisrael-releases-captain-of-syrian-airplane-four-still-detained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharett2019" class="citation book cs1">Sharett, Moshe (2019-03-19). <i>My Struggle for Peace, Volume 1 (1953–1954): The Diary of Moshe Sharett, 1953–1956</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03736-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03736-7"><bdi>978-0-253-03736-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Struggle+for+Peace%2C+Volume+1+%281953%E2%80%931954%29%3A+The+Diary+of+Moshe+Sharett%2C+1953%E2%80%931956&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.isbn=978-0-253-03736-7&rft.aulast=Sharett&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRokach1980" class="citation book cs1">Rokach, Livia (1980). <i>Israel's Sacred Terrorism</i>. Belmont, MA: Association of Arab-American University Graduates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Sacred+Terrorism&rft.place=Belmont%2C+MA&rft.pub=Association+of+Arab-American+University+Graduates&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Rokach&rft.aufirst=Livia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr1997" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, Kameel B. (1997). <i>Arab and Israeli Terrorism: The Causes and Effects of Political Violence, 1936-1993</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0280-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0280-9"><bdi>978-0-7864-0280-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+and+Israeli+Terrorism%3A+The+Causes+and+Effects+of+Political+Violence%2C+1936-1993&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0280-9&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Kameel+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2015" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (2015-03-23). <i>Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World</i>. Haymarket Books. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-442-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-442-5"><bdi>978-1-60846-442-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pirates+and+Emperors%2C+Old+and+New%3A+International+Terrorism+in+the+Real+World&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft.isbn=978-1-60846-442-5&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeff1994" class="citation news cs1">Neff, Donald (1994-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrmea.org/1994-november-december/israel-was-first-nation-to-skyjack-a-civilian-airliner.html">"Israel Was First Nation to Skyjack A Civilian Airliner"</a>. <i>WRMEA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WRMEA&rft.atitle=Israel+Was+First+Nation+to+Skyjack+A+Civilian+Airliner&rft.date=1994-11-09&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrmea.org%2F1994-november-december%2Fisrael-was-first-nation-to-skyjack-a-civilian-airliner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaum2016" class="citation book cs1">Baum, Philip (2016-03-10). <i>Violence in the Skies: A History of Aircraft Hijacking and Bombing</i>. Summersdale. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78372-790-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78372-790-2"><bdi>978-1-78372-790-2</bdi></a>. <q>This statement [(Noam Chomsky's claim that it was 'the first airplane hijacking in the Middle East')] is far fetched; a naive error of judgement it may have been, calculated terrorist attack it was not.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violence+in+the+Skies%3A+A+History+of+Aircraft+Hijacking+and+Bombing&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Summersdale&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.isbn=978-1-78372-790-2&rft.aulast=Baum&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2015" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (2015-03-23). <i>Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World</i>. Haymarket Books. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-442-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-442-5"><bdi>978-1-60846-442-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pirates+and+Emperors%2C+Old+and+New%3A+International+Terrorism+in+the+Real+World&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft.isbn=978-1-60846-442-5&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharett2019" class="citation book cs1">Sharett, Moshe (2019-03-19). <i>My Struggle for Peace, Volume 1 (1953–1954): The Diary of Moshe Sharett, 1953–1956</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03736-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-03736-7"><bdi>978-0-253-03736-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Struggle+for+Peace%2C+Volume+1+%281953%E2%80%931954%29%3A+The+Diary+of+Moshe+Sharett%2C+1953%E2%80%931956&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.isbn=978-0-253-03736-7&rft.aulast=Sharett&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It must be clear to you that we had no justification whatsoever to seize the plane, and that once forced down we should have immediately released it and not held the passengers under interrogation for 48 hours. I have no reason to doubt the truth of the factual affirmation of the U.S. State Department that our action was without precedent in the history of international practice. ..... What shocks and worries me is the narrow-mindedness and the shortsightedness of our military leaders. They seem to presume that the State of Israel may or even must-behave in the realm of international relations according to the laws of the jungle. (22 December 1954, 607)" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRokach1980" class="citation book cs1">Rokach, Livia (1980). <i>Israel's Sacred Terrorism</i>. Belmont, MA: Association of Arab-American University Graduates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Sacred+Terrorism&rft.place=Belmont%2C+MA&rft.pub=Association+of+Arab-American+University+Graduates&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Rokach&rft.aufirst=Livia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198458-59_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPieterse1984">Pieterse 1984</a>, p. 58-59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPieterse198464-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPieterse198464_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPieterse1984">Pieterse 1984</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergman-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergman_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation book cs1">Bergman, Ronen (2018). <i>Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations</i>. Random House. pp. 234–247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400069712" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400069712"><bdi>978-1400069712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+and+Kill+First%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Israel%27s+Targeted+Assassinations&rft.pages=234-247&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1400069712&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015140515/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953128,00.html#ixzz1Gs8wqZUY">"Sudden Death: Bombings rock P.L.O. offices"</a>. <i>TIME Magazine</i>. 28 September 1981. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953128,00.html#ixzz1Gs8wqZUY">the original</a> on October 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sudden+Death%3A+Bombings+rock+P.L.O.+offices&rft.date=1981-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C953128%2C00.html%23ixzz1Gs8wqZUY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTmag-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTmag_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTmag_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Bergman, Ronen (23 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine"</a>. <i>New York Times Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507125757/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Arafat+Eluded+Israel%27s+Assassination+Machine&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F23%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GTD-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GTD_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GTD_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GTD_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GTD_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GTD_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2018). Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd">https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160706083744/https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd">Archived</a> 2016-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasalha2012" class="citation book cs1">Masalha, Nur (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=px1jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT98"><i>The Palestine Nakba: Decolonising History, Narrating the Subaltern, Reclaiming Memory</i></a>. London: Zed Books Ltd. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848139732" title="Special:BookSources/9781848139732"><bdi>9781848139732</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011074304/https://books.google.com/books?id=px1jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT98#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestine+Nakba%3A+Decolonising+History%2C+Narrating+the+Subaltern%2C+Reclaiming+Memory&rft.place=London&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Zed+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781848139732&rft.aulast=Masalha&rft.aufirst=Nur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpx1jDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee O'Brien, <i>Campaign of Terror: Car Bombing in Lebanon</i>, <i>MERIP Reports</i> 118 (October 1983), p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Middle East Record (MER)</i>, 2 October 1982, pp. 6-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). <i>Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-72975-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-72975-7"><bdi>0-333-72975-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+in+Lebanon%2C+1975-92&rft.place=London&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-333-72975-7&rft.aulast=O%27Ballance&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Ballance1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). <i>Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-72975-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-72975-7"><bdi>0-333-72975-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+in+Lebanon%2C+1975-92&rft.place=London&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-333-72975-7&rft.aulast=O%27Ballance&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherian2010" class="citation web cs1">Cherian, John (2010-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2706/stories/20100326270605200.htm">"Iran: Arrest of a terrorist"</a>. Frontline<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+Arrest+of+a+terrorist&rft.pub=Frontline&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft.aulast=Cherian&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Ffl2706%2Fstories%2F20100326270605200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Middle_East_Studies_1987,_p._261-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Middle_East_Studies_1987,_p._261_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19, 1987, p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmadi-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmadi_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan2012" class="citation news cs1">Hasan, Mehdi (12 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/16/iran-scientists-state-sponsored-murder">"Iran's nuclear scientists are not being assassinated. They are being murdered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117224151/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/16/iran-scientists-state-sponsored-murder">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+UN+report+reveals+collaboration+between+Israel+and+Syrian+rebels&rft.date=2014-07-12&rft.au=MAYA+SHWAYDER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FNew-UN-report-reveals-collaboration-between-Israel-and-Syrian-rebels-383926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rebel1-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rebel1_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnlee_Varghese2014" class="citation news cs1">Johnlee Varghese (December 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.in/un-report-israel-regular-contact-syrian-rebels-including-isis-616404">"UN Report: Israel in Regular Contact with Syrian Rebels including ISIS"</a>. International Business Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516074147/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/un-report-israel-regular-contact-syrian-rebels-including-isis-616404">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+Report%3A+Israel+in+Regular+Contact+with+Syrian+Rebels+including+ISIS&rft.date=2014-12-07&rft.au=Johnlee+Varghese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.in%2Fun-report-israel-regular-contact-syrian-rebels-including-isis-616404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berman-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berman_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2016" class="citation web cs1">Berman, Lazar (2016-08-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/bibi-the-strategist/">"Bibi the Strategist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030142946/https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/bibi-the-strategist/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commentary&rft.atitle=Bibi+the+Strategist&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Lazar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commentarymagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fbibi-the-strategist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATROST-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ATROST_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ATROST_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ATROST_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk,_Richard2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Falk" title="Richard A. Falk">Falk, Richard</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richardfalk.org/2011/01/07/israel%E2%80%99s-israeli-violence-against-separation-wall-protests-along-the-road-of-state-terrorism/">"Israel's Violence Against Separation Wall Protests: Along the Road of State Terrorism"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115155437/https://richardfalk.org/2011/01/07/israel%E2%80%99s-israeli-violence-against-separation-wall-protests-along-the-road-of-state-terrorism/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Violence+Against+Separation+Wall+Protests%3A+Along+the+Road+of+State+Terrorism&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Falk%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichardfalk.org%2F2011%2F01%2F07%2Fisrael%25E2%2580%2599s-israeli-violence-against-separation-wall-protests-along-the-road-of-state-terrorism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2024" class="citation web cs1">Kent, Lauren (17 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/09/17/middleeast/lebanon-hezbollah-pagers-explosions-intl/index.html">"Israel behind deadly pager explosions that targeted Hezbollah and injured thousands in Lebanon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919060924/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/09/17/middleeast/lebanon-hezbollah-pagers-explosions-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Israel+behind+deadly+pager+explosions+that+targeted+Hezbollah+and+injured+thousands+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2024-09-17&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F09%2F17%2Fmiddleeast%2Flebanon-hezbollah-pagers-explosions-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAggarwalGuoDe_LuceMitchell2024" class="citation web cs1">Aggarwal, Mithil; Guo, Peter; De Luce, Dan; Mitchell, Andrea (18 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taiwan-firm-denies-making-pagers-used-lebanon-explosions-rcna171594">"Who made the exploding pagers? A messy global trail emerges behind deadly Lebanon blasts"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920183930/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taiwan-firm-denies-making-pagers-used-lebanon-explosions-rcna171594">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+made+the+exploding+pagers%3F+A+messy+global+trail+emerges+behind+deadly+Lebanon+blasts&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft.aulast=Aggarwal&rft.aufirst=Mithil&rft.au=Guo%2C+Peter&rft.au=De+Luce%2C+Dan&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ftaiwan-firm-denies-making-pagers-used-lebanon-explosions-rcna171594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenkelBergmanSaad2024" class="citation news cs1">Frenkel, Sheera; Bergman, Ronen; <a href="/wiki/Hwaida_Saad" title="Hwaida Saad">Saad, Hwaida</a> (18 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/18/world/middleeast/israel-exploding-pagers-hezbollah.html">"How Israel Built a Modern-Day Trojan Horse: Exploding Pagers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920004904/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/18/world/middleeast/israel-exploding-pagers-hezbollah.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Even before Mr. Nasrallah decided to expand pager usage, Israel had put into motion a plan to establish a shell company that would pose as an international pager producer. By all appearances, B.A.C. Consulting was a Hungary-based company that was under contract to produce the devices on behalf of a Taiwanese company, Gold Apollo. In fact, it was part of an Israeli front, according to three intelligence officers briefed on the operation. They said at least two other shell companies were created as well to mask the real identities of the people creating the pagers: Israeli intelligence officers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Israel+Built+a+Modern-Day+Trojan+Horse%3A+Exploding+Pagers&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft.aulast=Frenkel&rft.aufirst=Sheera&rft.au=Bergman%2C+Ronen&rft.au=Saad%2C+Hwaida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-exploding-pagers-hezbollah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristou2024" class="citation news cs1">Christou, William (20 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/20/we-are-isolated-tired-scared-pager-attack-leaves-lebanon-in-shock">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We are isolated, tired, scared': pager attack leaves Lebanon in shock"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923020749/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/20/we-are-isolated-tired-scared-pager-attack-leaves-lebanon-in-shock">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+are+isolated%2C+tired%2C+scared%27%3A+pager+attack+leaves+Lebanon+in+shock&rft.date=2024-09-20&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Christou&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fsep%2F20%2Fwe-are-isolated-tired-scared-pager-attack-leaves-lebanon-in-shock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_BrennanNadine_El-Bawab2024" class="citation news cs1">David Brennan; Nadine El-Bawab (18 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/hezbollah-vows-reckoning-after-thousands-lebanon-injured-exploding/story?id=113798347">"20 more dead, 450 injured as new round of explosions rocks Lebanon: Health officials"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920011014/https://abcnews.go.com/International/hezbollah-vows-reckoning-after-thousands-lebanon-injured-exploding/story?id=113798347">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=20+more+dead%2C+450+injured+as+new+round+of+explosions+rocks+Lebanon%3A+Health+officials&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft.au=David+Brennan&rft.au=Nadine+El-Bawab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fhezbollah-vows-reckoning-after-thousands-lebanon-injured-exploding%2Fstory%3Fid%3D113798347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHijazi,_S.2024" class="citation news cs1">Hijazi, S. (20 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1427756/nasrallah-we-suffered-a-hard-blow-but-israel-failed.html">"Nasrallah: We suffered a 'hard blow'... but Israel failed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient-Le_Jour" title="L'Orient-Le Jour">L'Orient-Le Jour</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&rft.atitle=Nasrallah%3A+We+suffered+a+%27hard+blow%27...+but+Israel+failed&rft.date=2024-09-20&rft.au=Hijazi%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1427756%2Fnasrallah-we-suffered-a-hard-blow-but-israel-failed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-OliphantConfino-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OliphantConfino_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliphantConfino2024" class="citation news cs1">Oliphant, Roland; Confino, Jotam (2024-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/09/18/israel-declares-new-phase-of-war-after-walkie-talkie-bombs/">"Israel declares new phase of war after walkie-talkie bomb attacks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Israel+declares+new+phase+of+war+after+walkie-talkie+bomb+attacks&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Oliphant&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.au=Confino%2C+Jotam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F09%2F18%2Fisrael-declares-new-phase-of-war-after-walkie-talkie-bombs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention2024" class="citation web cs1">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention [@LemkinInstitute] (19 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/LemkinInstitute/status/1836602596611571805">"The @LemkinInstitute condemns Israel's terrorist attacks against Lebanese people in the past two days"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%40LemkinInstitute+condemns+Israel%27s+terrorist+attacks+against+Lebanese+people+in+the+past+two+days.&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft.au=Lemkin+Institute+for+Genocide+Prevention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FLemkinInstitute%2Fstatus%2F1836602596611571805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera2-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera2_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNajjar" class="citation web cs1">Najjar, Farah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/9/17/israels-war-on-gaza-live-38-killed-as-israel-risks-becoming-pariah">"Nine killed, 2,750 wounded in Hezbollah pager blasts across Lebanon"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Nine+killed%2C+2%2C750+wounded+in+Hezbollah+pager+blasts+across+Lebanon&rft.aulast=Najjar&rft.aufirst=Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F9%2F17%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-38-killed-as-israel-risks-becoming-pariah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagid" class="citation web cs1">Magid, Jacob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/former-cia-chief-panetta-calls-mass-detonation-of-hezbollah-pagers-a-form-of-terrorism/">"Former CIA chief Panetta calls mass detonation of Hezbollah pagers 'a form of terrorism'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Former+CIA+chief+Panetta+calls+mass+detonation+of+Hezbollah+pagers+%27a+form+of+terrorism%27&rft.aulast=Magid&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fformer-cia-chief-panetta-calls-mass-detonation-of-hezbollah-pagers-a-form-of-terrorism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/9/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-thousands-injured-in-lebanon-pager-explosions?update=3186546">"EU foreign affairs chief decries civilian casualties in Lebanon pager attacks"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 18 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920090742/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/9/18/israels-war-on-gaza-live-thousands-injured-in-lebanon-pager-explosions?update=3186546">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=EU+foreign+affairs+chief+decries+civilian+casualties+in+Lebanon+pager+attacks&rft.date=2024-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F9%2F18%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-thousands-injured-in-lebanon-pager-explosions%3Fupdate%3D3186546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-820903">"EU's Borrell says Lebanon attacks aimed to 'spread terror'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. Reuters. 19 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923023314/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-820903">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=EU%27s+Borrell+says+Lebanon+attacks+aimed+to+%27spread+terror%27&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-820903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieterse1984" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nederveen_Pieterse" title="Jan Nederveen Pieterse">Pieterse, Jan</a> (1984). "State Terrorism on a Global Scale: The Role of Israel". <i>Crime and Social Justice</i>. 21/22 (21/22): 58–80. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766230">29766230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crime+and+Social+Justice&rft.atitle=State+Terrorism+on+a+Global+Scale%3A+The+Role+of+Israel&rft.volume=21%2F22&rft.issue=21%2F22&rft.pages=58-80&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766230%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pieterse&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+and+state-sponsored+terrorism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iran–Israel_proxy_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Template:Iran–Israel proxy conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Template talk:Iran–Israel proxy conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Iranian Jews">1999 arrest of Iranian Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">2024 Iran–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="International reactions to the Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_seizure_of_the_MSC_Aries" title="Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries">Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries</a></li> <li>Iranian strikes on Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israeli strikes on Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_retaliation_leak" title="Israeli retaliation leak">intelligence leak</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_conflict" title="Israeli–Lebanese conflict">Israeli–Lebanese conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_kidnapping_of_Iranian_diplomats" title="1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats">1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abbas_al-Musawi" title="Assassination of Abbas al-Musawi">Assassination of Abbas al-Musawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Buenos_Aires_Israeli_embassy_bombing" title="1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing">1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMIA_bombing" title="AMIA bombing">AMIA bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%932006_Shebaa_Farms_conflict" title="2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict">2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Hezbollah_cross-border_raid" title="2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid">2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hezbollah_cross-border_raid" title="2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid">2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Imad_Mughniyeh" title="Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh">Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_prisoner_exchange" title="2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange">2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hezbollah_plot_in_Egypt" title="2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt">2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francop_Affair" title="Francop Affair">Francop Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Shebaa_Farms_incident" title="January 2015 Shebaa Farms incident">January 2015 Shebaa Farms incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Shield" title="Operation Northern Shield">Operation Northern Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Beirut_drone_crash" title="2019 Beirut drone crash">2019 Beirut drone crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_shellings" title="2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings">2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Assassination of Fuad Shukr">Assassination of Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_electronic_device_attacks" title="2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks">2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">20 September 2024 Beirut attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israeli_attacks_against_Lebanon" title="September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon">September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike" title="2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike">2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hashem_Safieddine" title="Assassination of Hashem Safieddine">Assassination of Hashem Safieddine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_projectile_attacks_from_Lebanon_on_Israel_and_the_Golan_Heights" title="List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights">Projectile attacks from Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair">Karine A affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Affair" title="Victoria Affair">Victoria Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Full_Disclosure" title="Operation Full Disclosure">Operation Full Disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War (2008–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2013_Rif_Dimashq_airstrike" title="January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike">January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2013_Rif_Dimashq_airstrikes" title="May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes">May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Rif_Dimashq_airstrikes" title="December 2014 Rif Dimashq airstrikes">December 2014 Rif Dimashq airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mazraat_Amal_incident" title="January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident">January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">Operation House of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">September 2018 Syria missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">August 2019 Syria missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">November 2019 Syria missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">January 2021 Syria airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">2023 Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Outside_the_Box" title="Operation Outside the Box">Operation Outside the Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Sudan_airstrikes" title="2009 Sudan airstrikes">2009 Sudan airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_alleged_Iran_assassination_plot" title="2011 alleged Iran assassination plot">2011 alleged Iran assassination plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_attacks_on_Israeli_diplomats" title="2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats">2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Bangkok_bombings" title="2012 Bangkok bombings">2012 Bangkok bombings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Cyprus_terrorist_plot" title="2012 Cyprus terrorist plot">2012 Cyprus terrorist plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing" title="2012 Burgas bus bombing">2012 Burgas bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Military_Industrial_Complex" title="Yarmouk Military Industrial Complex">Yarmouk munitions factory explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Israeli_airstrikes_in_Iraq" title="2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq">2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Erbil_missile_attacks" title="2022 Erbil missile attacks">2022 Erbil missile attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Istanbul_terror_plot" title="2022 Istanbul terror plot">2022 Istanbul terror plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria">2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program of Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Iranian_nuclear_scientists" title="Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists">Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Hosseinpour" title="Ardeshir Hosseinpour">Ardeshir Hosseinpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoud_Ali-Mohammadi" title="Massoud Ali-Mohammadi">Massoud Ali-Mohammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Shahriari" title="Majid Shahriari">Majid Shahriari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Abbasi" title="Fereydoon Abbasi">Fereydoon Abbasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Ahmadi_Roshan" title="Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan">Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Fakhrizadeh" title="Mohsen Fakhrizadeh">Mohsen Fakhrizadeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMAD_Project" title="AMAD Project">AMAD Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mossad_infiltration_of_Iranian_nuclear_archive" title="Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive">Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_Kaneh_explosion" title="Bid Kaneh explosion">Bid Kaneh explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iran_explosions" title="2020 Iran explosions">2020 Iran explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Natanz_incident" title="2021 Natanz incident">2021 Natanz incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Iran_drone_attacks" title="2023 Iran drone attacks">2023 Iran drone attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Hamas_relations" title="Russia–Hamas relations">Russia–Hamas relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Reza_Djalali" title="Ahmad Reza Djalali">Ahmad Reza Djalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_alliance" title="Arab–Israeli alliance">Arab–Israeli alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_Warsaw_Conference" title="February 2019 Warsaw Conference">Warsaw Middle East conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Mojahedin_Organization_of_Iran" title="People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran">People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Satan" title="Little Satan">Little Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad_and_Israel" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_military_action_against_Iran" title="Views on military action against Iran">Views on military action against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_support_for_Hamas" title="Iranian support for Hamas">Iranian support for Hamas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quds_Day" title="Quds Day">Quds Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_X2" title="Prisoner X2">Prisoner X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_(TV_series)" title="Tehran (TV series)"><i>Tehran</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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