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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flight maneuver</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_(EC-ILP)_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg/220px-Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg/330px-Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg/440px-Iberia_Airbus_A321-200_%28EC-ILP%29_departs_London_Heathrow_11Apr2015_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4785" data-file-height="3275" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a> <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A321" title="Airbus A321">Airbus A321</a> on the climbout from <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>, a <b>climb</b> or <b>ascent</b> is the operation of increasing the <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>. It is also the logical phase of a typical flight (the <i>climb phase</i> or <i>climbout</i>) following <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a> and preceding the <a href="/wiki/Cruise_(aeronautics)" title="Cruise (aeronautics)">cruise</a>. During the climb phase there is an increase in altitude to a predetermined level.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposite of a climb is a <i><a href="/wiki/Descent_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descent (aircraft)">descent</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climb_operation">Climb operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climb_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Climb operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A steady climb is carried out by using <a href="/wiki/Excess_thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Excess thrust">excess thrust</a>, the amount by which the thrust from the power plant exceeds the drag on the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-LJC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: § 15.1">: § 15.1 </span></sup> The aircraft will climb steadily until the excess thrust falls to zero.<sup id="cite_ref-LJC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: § 15.8">: § 15.8 </span></sup> Excess thrust might fall to zero as a result of the pilot's deliberate action in control of the output of the engines, or as the engines' response to reducing air density. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climb_phase">Climb phase</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climb_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climb phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg/220px-ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg/330px-ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg/440px-ENTERAIR6-SPENB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a> climbing</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>climb phase</b>, also known as <b>climb-out</b> or <b>initial climb</b>, is the period during which the aircraft climbs to a predetermined cruising altitude after take-off.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climb phase immediately follows take-off and precedes the cruise phase of the flight. Although a single climb phase is typical, multiple climb phases may alternate with cruise phases, particularly for very long flights in which altitude is increased as the weight of fuel aboard decreases (see <i><a href="/wiki/Step_climb" title="Step climb">step climb</a></i>). </p><p>As the climb progresses, the rate of climb decreases as thrust reduces due to reducing air density. A gradual climb improves forward visibility over the nose of the aircraft. </p><p>Aircraft also climb when flying in a zone of rising air, but since such zones are unpredictable and inconveniently located, and since most are poorly adapted to passive climbs of this type, only <a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">gliders</a> attempt such climbs on a regular basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normal_climb">Normal climb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climb_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Normal climb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock,_20_May_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg/220px-Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg/330px-Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg/440px-Boeing_747-400_of_British_Airways_climbing_over_Bray_Lock%2C_20_May_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> climbing out from <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow</a>, viewed from the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bray_Lock" title="Bray Lock">Bray Lock</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In some jurisdictions and under some conditions, normal climbs are defined by regulations or procedures, and are used to develop <a href="/wiki/Airway_(aviation)" title="Airway (aviation)">airway</a> systems, <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspaces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Instrument_Flight_Rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument Flight Rules">instrument procedures</a>. Normal climbs are simply standardized climb rates achievable by most aircraft under most conditions that are used as conservative guidelines when developing procedures or structures that are partially a function of such rates. For example, a normal climb of 20 meters per km (120 feet per nautical mile) might be assumed during the development of a navigational procedure or while defining airspace limits in airport terminal areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climb_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_climb" title="Rate of climb">Rate of climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_climb" title="Angle of climb">Angle of climb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climb_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Federal Aviation Regulations/Aeronautical Information Manual 2008</i> (2008 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>. 2007. p. 944. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56027-655-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56027-655-5"><bdi>978-1-56027-655-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Federal+Aviation+Regulations%2FAeronautical+Information+Manual+2008&rft.pages=944&rft.edition=2008&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-56027-655-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClimb+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LJC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LJC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/L._J._Clancy" class="mw-redirect" title="L. J. Clancy">L. J. Clancy</a> (1975): <i>Aerodynamics</i>. Pitman Publishing Limited, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-273-01120-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-273-01120-0">0-273-01120-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf">"Phase of Flight"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NTSB</i>: 4. April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NTSB&rft.atitle=Phase+of+Flight&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntsb.gov%2Finvestigations%2Fdata%2FDocuments%2Fdatafiles%2FPhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClimb+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takeoff_and_landing" title="Takeoff and landing">Takeoff and landing</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_take-off_and_landing" title="Template:Types of take-off and landing">types</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_(aeronautics)" title="Holding (aeronautics)">Holding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_(aeronautics)" title="Rotation (aeronautics)">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_climb" title="Step climb">Step climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_climb" title="Top of climb">Top of climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loiter_(aeronautics)" title="Loiter (aeronautics)">Loiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_of_descent" title="Top of descent">Top of descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_approach_(aeronautics)" class="mw-redirect" 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