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polarization potential (DPP)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dynamic polarization potential (DPP)"> <meta name="keywords" content="dynamic polarization potential (DPP)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dynamic polarization potential (DPP)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15150</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dynamic polarization potential (DPP)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15150</span> A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Polyphase Filter for Polarization Diversity and Cross Polarization Filtering Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhdar%20Zaid">Lakhdar Zaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albane%20Sangiovanni"> Albane Sangiovanni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with polyphase filter for polarization diversity and cross polarization filtering operation is presented in this paper. In our approach, a polyphase filter is used to obtain the four 90° phase shift outputs to feed a square microstrip patch antenna. The antenna can be switched between four states of polarization in transmission as well as in receiving mode. Switches are interconnected with the polyphase filter network to produce left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, horizontal linear polarization, and vertical linear polarization. Additional advantage of using polyphase filter is its filtering capability for cross polarization filtering in right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization operation. The theoretical and simulated results demonstrated that polyphase filter is a good candidate to drive microstrip patch antenna to accomplish polarization diversity and cross polarization filtering operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20antenna" title="active antenna">active antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20diversity" title=" polarization diversity"> polarization diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20antenna" title=" patch antenna"> patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphase%20filter" title=" polyphase filter"> polyphase filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59013/a-reconfigurable-microstrip-patch-antenna-with-polyphase-filter-for-polarization-diversity-and-cross-polarization-filtering-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15149</span> Applying the Crystal Model to Different Nuclear Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The angular distributions of the nuclear systems under consideration have been analyzed in the framework of the optical model (OM), where the real part was taken in the crystal model form. A crystal model (CM) has been applied to deuteron elastically scattered by ⁶,⁷Li and ⁹Be. A crystal model (CM) + distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) + dynamic polarization potential (DPP) potential has been applied to deuteron elastically scattered by ⁶,⁷Li and 9Be. Also, a crystal model has been applied to ⁶Li elastically scattered by ¹⁶O and ²⁸Sn in addition to the ⁷Li+⁷Li system and the ¹²C(alpha,⁸Be) ⁸Be reaction. The continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method has been applied to the ⁷Li+⁷Li system and agreement between the crystal model and the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method has been observed. In general, the models succeeded in reproducing the differential cross sections at the full angular range and for all the energies under consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20model%20%28OM%29" title="optical model (OM)">optical model (OM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20model%20%28CM%29" title=" crystal model (CM)"> crystal model (CM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distorted-wave%20born%20approximation%20%28DWBA%29" title=" distorted-wave born approximation (DWBA)"> distorted-wave born approximation (DWBA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20polarization%20potential%20%28DPP%29" title=" dynamic polarization potential (DPP)"> dynamic polarization potential (DPP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20continuum-discretized%20coupled-channels%20%28CDCC%29%20method" title=" the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method"> the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20deuteron%20elastically%20scattered%20by%20%E2%81%B6" title=" and deuteron elastically scattered by ⁶"> and deuteron elastically scattered by ⁶</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%81%B7Li%20and%20%E2%81%B9Be" title="⁷Li and ⁹Be">⁷Li and ⁹Be</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177307/applying-the-crystal-model-to-different-nuclear-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15148</span> Mass Polarization in Three-Body System with Two Identical Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Filikhin">Igor Filikhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20M.%20Suslov"> Vladimir M. Suslov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Ya.%20Kezerashvili"> Roman Ya. Kezerashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branislav%20Vlahivic"> Branislav Vlahivic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mass-polarization term of the three-body kinetic energy operator is evaluated for different systems which include two identical particles: A+A+B. The term has to be taken into account for the analysis of AB- and AA-interactions based on experimental data for two- and three-body ground state energies. In this study, we present three-body calculations within the framework of a potential model for the kaonic clusters K−K−p and ppK−, nucleus 3H and hypernucleus 6 ΛΛHe. The systems are well clustering as A+ (A+B) with a ground state energy E2 for the pair A+B. The calculations are performed using the method of the Faddeev equations in configuration space. The phenomenological pair potentials were used. We show a correlation between the mass ratio mA/mB and the value δB of the mass-polarization term. For bosonic-like systems, this value is defined as δB = 2E2 − E3, where E3 is three-body energy when VAA = 0. For the systems including three particles with spin(isospin), the models with average AB-potentials are used. In this case, the Faddeev equations become a scalar one like for the bosonic-like system αΛΛ. We show that the additional energy conected with the mass-polarization term can be decomposite to a sum of the two parts: exchenge related and reduced mass related. The state of the system can be described as the following: the particle A1 is bound within the A + B pair with the energy E2, and the second particle A2 is bound with the pair with the energy E3 − E2. Due to the identity of A particles, the particles A1 and A2 are interchangeable in the pair A + B. We shown that the mass polarization δB correlates with a type of AB potential using the system αΛΛ as an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-body%20systems" title="three-body systems">three-body systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20polarization" title=" mass polarization"> mass polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faddeev%20equations" title=" Faddeev equations"> Faddeev equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20interactions" title=" nuclear interactions"> nuclear interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46186/mass-polarization-in-three-body-system-with-two-identical-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15147</span> Rethinking the Public Sphere: Group Polarization on Social Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianji%20Jiang">Tianji Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Habermas' definition of public sphere is a classical and well-regarded theory of the formation of public opinions, laying the foundation for many researches on public opinions and public media. In recent decades, public media have been changing rapidly as social media are gaining increasing importance. However, the occurrence of group polarization on social media, which is a hot issue today, is challenging Habermas' theory of the public sphere. This article reviews the public sphere theory and studies group polarization and social media. It proposes ideas on how to understand group polarization within the public sphere and comes up with some suggestions and ideas to reduce polarization on social media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title="public sphere">public sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20polarization" title=" group polarization"> group polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20chamber" title=" echo chamber"> echo chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20opinion" title=" public opinion"> public opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010/rethinking-the-public-sphere-group-polarization-on-social-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15146</span> Inhibiting Effects of Zwitterionic Surfactant on the Erosion-Corrosion of API X52 Steel in Oil Sands Slurry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Deyab">M. A. Deyab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of zwitterionic surfactant (ZS) on erosion-corrosion of API X52 steel in oil sands slurry was studied using Tafel polarization and anodic polarization measurements. The surface morphology of API X52 steel was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ZS inhibited the erosion-corrosion of API X52 steel in oil sands' slurry, and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing ZS concentration but decreased with increasing temperature. Polarization curves indicate that ZS act as a mixed type of inhibitor. Inhibition efficiencies of ZS in the dynamic condition are not as effective as that obtained in the static condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20sands%20slurry" title=" oil sands slurry"> oil sands slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion-corrosion" title=" erosion-corrosion"> erosion-corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83418/inhibiting-effects-of-zwitterionic-surfactant-on-the-erosion-corrosion-of-api-x52-steel-in-oil-sands-slurry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15145</span> Laboratory Simulation of Subway Dynamic Stray Current Interference with Cathodically Protected Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Derakhshani">Mohammad Derakhshani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Reza%20Allahkaram"> Saeed Reza Allahkaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Isakani-Zakaria"> Michael Isakani-Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Samadian"> Masoud Samadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hojat%20Sharifi%20Rasaey"> Hojat Sharifi Rasaey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic stray currents tend to change their magnitude and polarity with time at their source which will create anodic and cathodic spots on a nearby interfered structure. To date, one of the biggest known dynamic stray current sources are DC traction systems. Laboratory simulation is a suitable method to apply theoretical principles in order to identify effective parameters in dynamic stray current influenced corrosion. Simulation techniques can be utilized for various mitigation methods applied in a small scales for selection of the most efficient method with regards to field applications. In this research, laboratory simulation of potential fluctuations caused by dynamic stray current on a cathodically protected structure was investigated. A lab model capable of generating DC static and dynamic stray currents and simulating its effects on cathodically protected samples were developed based on stray current induced (contact-less) polarization technique. Stray current pick-up and discharge spots on an influenced structure were simulated by inducing fluctuations in the sample’s stationary potential. Two mitigation methods for dynamic stray current interference on buried structures namely application of sacrificial anodes as preferred discharge point for the stray current and potentially controlled cathodic protection was investigated. Results showed that the application of sacrificial anodes can be effective in reducing interference only in discharge spot. But cathodic protection through potential controlling is more suitable for mitigating dynamic stray current effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20stray%20current" title=" dynamic stray current"> dynamic stray current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuating%20potentials" title=" fluctuating potentials"> fluctuating potentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacrificial%20anode" title=" sacrificial anode"> sacrificial anode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31767/laboratory-simulation-of-subway-dynamic-stray-current-interference-with-cathodically-protected-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15144</span> Investigation of Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: Theoretical and Experimental Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambrish%20Singh">Ambrish Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The corrosion inhibition performance of pyran derivatives (AP) on mild steel in 15% HCl was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss, contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, DFT and molecular dynamic simulation. The adsorption of APs on the surface of mild steel obeyed Langmuir isotherm. The potentiodynamic polarization study confirmed that inhibitors are mixed type with cathodic predominance. Molecular dynamic simulation was applied to search for the most stable configuration and adsorption energies for the interaction of the inhibitors with Fe (110) surface. The theoretical data obtained are, in most cases, in agreement with experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidizing%20inhibitor" title="acidizing inhibitor">acidizing inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyran%20derivatives" title=" pyran derivatives"> pyran derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20simulation" title=" molecular simulation"> molecular simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel" title=" mild steel"> mild steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115084/investigation-of-acidizing-corrosion-inhibitors-for-mild-steel-in-hydrochloric-acid-theoretical-and-experimental-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15143</span> Reconnaissance Geophysical Study on the Southeastern Part of Al-Qashah Aera, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Bakri">Ali Al-Bakri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sazid"> Mohammed Sazid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigated study area locates about 72 km from Jeddah city, Makkah district, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study mainly aimed to define only in detail the most significant zones of possible mineralization and outline their subsurface parameters (location and strike) in the southeast part of Jabal Al-Qashah. Several geophysical methods have been conducted to carry out the goal. Among these methods are the ground magnetic method, self-potential (SP) method, and induced polarization (IP) method. Integrating these methods aims to help in delineating the possible mineralization in the study area. The magnetic survey was conducted along 17 profiles where these profiles were chosen to be perpendicular to the strike of the quartz shear zone. Self-potential was applied along with five profiles covering the study area. At the same time, induced polarization was used along with one profile located at the western side of the study area corresponding to some magnetic and SP profiles. The most interesting zones of mineralization were successfully determined by comparing the results of residual magnetic profile (3), SP profile (1), and IP profile, where geological structures control some mineralization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophysical%20methods" title="geophysical methods">geophysical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20method" title=" magnetic method"> magnetic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-potential" title=" self-potential"> self-potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20polarization" title=" induced polarization"> induced polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabal%20Al-Qashah" title=" Jabal Al-Qashah"> Jabal Al-Qashah</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151546/reconnaissance-geophysical-study-on-the-southeastern-part-of-al-qashah-aera-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15142</span> Relative Intensity Noise of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Variable Polarization-Optical Feedback</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salam%20Nazhan%20Ahmed">Salam Nazhan Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influence of variable polarization angle (θp) of optical feedback on the Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) of a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) has been experimentally investigated. The RIN is a minimum at θp = 0° for the dominant polarization mode (XP), and at θp = 90° for the suppressed polarization mode (YP) of VCSEL. Furthermore, the RIN of the XP mode increases rapidly with increasing θp, while for the YP mode, it increases slightly to θp = 45° and decreases for angles greater than 45°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lasers" title="lasers">lasers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical-cavity%20surface-emitting%20lasers" title=" vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers"> vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20switching" title=" optical switching"> optical switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20polarization%20feedback" title=" optical polarization feedback"> optical polarization feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20intensity%20noise" title=" relative intensity noise"> relative intensity noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8184/relative-intensity-noise-of-vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers-subject-to-variable-polarization-optical-feedback" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15141</span> The Impact of Political Polarization on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Qualitative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peiran%20Ma">Peiran Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the role of political polarization in an individual's decision of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 15 participants participated in individual interviews and focus group discussions about the relationships among domestic political polarization, vaccine hesitancy, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political affiliation affected an individual’s decision on the COVID-19 vaccination, such that people who identified as Liberals and Democrats were more accepting of the vaccine. On the other hand, the level of influence declined over time (2020-2022) when the general conception of COVID-19 immunization shifted from political to personal. Results provided qualitative support to the previously identified positive relationship between divided political opinions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and highlighted the decreasing trend in the power of political polarization in vaccination and the existence of other factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20hesitancy" title=" vaccine hesitancy"> vaccine hesitancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20polarization" title=" political polarization"> political polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partisanship" title=" partisanship"> partisanship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405/the-impact-of-political-polarization-on-the-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-the-united-states-a-qualitative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15140</span> Eye Diagram for a System of Highly Mode Coupled PMD/PDL Fiber </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suad%20M.%20Abuzariba">Suad M. Abuzariba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Chen"> Liang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Hadjifaradji"> Saeed Hadjifaradji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the optical eye diagram due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), polarization-dependent loss (PDL), and chromatic dispersion (CD) for a system of highly mode coupled fiber with lumped section at any given optical pulse sequence we present an analytical modle. We found that with considering PDL and the polarization direction correlation between PMD and PDL, a system with highly mode coupled fiber with lumped section can have either higher or lower Q-factor than a highly mode coupled system with same root mean square PDL/PMD values. Also we noticed that a system of two highly mode coupled fibers connected together is not equivalent to a system of highly mode coupled fiber when fluctuation is considered <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20mode%20dispersion" title="polarization mode dispersion">polarization mode dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20dependent%20loss" title=" polarization dependent loss"> polarization dependent loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20dispersion" title=" chromatic dispersion"> chromatic dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20eye%20diagram" title=" optical eye diagram"> optical eye diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14665/eye-diagram-for-a-system-of-highly-mode-coupled-pmdpdl-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">865</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15139</span> Assessment of Collapse Potential of Degrading SDOF Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzaffer%20Borekci">Muzaffer Borekci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Serdar%20Kir%C3%A7il"> Murat Serdar Kirçil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Predicting the collapse potential of a structure during earthquakes is an important issue in earthquake engineering. Many researchers proposed different methods to assess the collapse potential of structures under the effect of strong ground motions. However most of them did not consider degradation and softening effect in hysteretic behavior. In this study, collapse potential of SDOF systems caused by dynamic instability with stiffness and strength degradation has been investigated. An equation was proposed for the estimation of collapse period of SDOF system which is a limit value of period for dynamic instability. If period of the considered SDOF system is shorter than the collapse period then the relevant system exhibits dynamic instability and collapse occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse" title="collapse">collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20instability" title=" dynamic instability"> dynamic instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response "> seismic response </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19772/assessment-of-collapse-potential-of-degrading-sdof-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15138</span> Teaching Light Polarization by Putting Art and Physics Together</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabrizio%20Logiurato">Fabrizio Logiurato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light Polarization has many technological applications, and its discovery was crucial to reveal the transverse nature of the electromagnetic waves. However, despite its fundamental and practical importance, in high school, this property of light is often neglected. This is a pity not only for its conceptual relevance, but also because polarization gives the possibility to perform many brilliant experiments with low cost materials. Moreover, the treatment of this matter lends very well to an interdisciplinary approach between art, biology and technology, which usually makes things more interesting to students. For these reasons, we have developed, and in this work, we introduce a laboratory on light polarization for high school and undergraduate students. They can see beautiful pictures when birefringent materials are set between two crossed polarizing filters. Pupils are very fascinated and drawn into by what they observe. The colourful images remind them of those ones of abstract painting or alien landscapes. With this multidisciplinary teaching method, students are more engaged and participative, and also, the learning process of the respective physics concepts is more effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20polarization" title="light polarization">light polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20activity" title=" optical activity"> optical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20education" title=" multidisciplinary education"> multidisciplinary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20and%20art" title=" science and art"> science and art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61930/teaching-light-polarization-by-putting-art-and-physics-together" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15137</span> Dual Reconfigurable Antenna Using Capacitive Coupling Slot and Parasitic Square Ring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abou%20Al-alaa">M. Abou Al-alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Elsadek"> H. A. Elsadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Abdallah"> E. A. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Hashish"> E. A. Hashish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A square patch antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch with coplanar feed on the ground plane. On the patch side, there is a parasitic square ring that is responsible for changing the antenna polarization. On the ground plane, there is a rectangular slot. By changing of length of this slot, the antenna resonance frequency can be changed. The antenna operates at 1.57 and 2.45 GHz that used in GPS and Bluetooth applications, respectively. The length of the slot in the proposed antenna is 40 mm, and the antenna operates at the lower frequency (1.57 GHz). By using switches in the ground plane the slot length can be adjust to 24 mm, so the antenna operates at upper frequency (2.45 GHz). Two switches are mounted on the parasitic ring at optimized positions. By switching between the different states of these two switches, the proposed antenna operates with linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) at each operating frequency. The antenna gain at 1.57 and 2.45 GHz are 5.9 and 7.64 dBi, respectively. The antenna is analyzed using the CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. Results comparison shows good agreement. The antenna has applications in several wireless communication systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title="microstrip patch antenna">microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20antenna" title=" reconfigurable antenna"> reconfigurable antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20reconfigurability" title=" frequency reconfigurability"> frequency reconfigurability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20reconfigurability" title=" polarization reconfigurability"> polarization reconfigurability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic%20square%20ring" title=" parasitic square ring"> parasitic square ring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20polarization" title=" linear polarization"> linear polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization "> circular polarization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5893/dual-reconfigurable-antenna-using-capacitive-coupling-slot-and-parasitic-square-ring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15136</span> Polarization Insensitive Absorber with Increased Bandwidth Using Multilayer Metamaterial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srilaxmi%20Gangula">Srilaxmi Gangula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MahaLakshmi%20Vinukonda"> MahaLakshmi Vinukonda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Rao"> Neeraj Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A wide band polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber with bandwidth enhancement in X and C band is proposed. The structure proposed here consists of a periodic unit cell of resonator arrangements in double layer. The proposed structure shows near unity absorption at frequencies of 6.21 GHz and 10.372 GHz spreading over a bandwidth of 1 GHz and 6.21 GHz respectively in X and C bands. The proposed metamaterial absorber is designed so as to increase the bandwidth. The proposed structure is also independent for TE and TM polarization. Because of its simple implementation, near unity absorption and wide bandwidth this dual band polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber can be used for EMI/EMC applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorber" title="absorber">absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-band" title=" C-band"> C-band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer" title=" multilayer"> multilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-band" title=" X-band "> X-band </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124968/polarization-insensitive-absorber-with-increased-bandwidth-using-multilayer-metamaterial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15135</span> The Interplay between Autophagy and Macrophages' Polarization in Wound Healing: A Genetic Regulatory Network Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayada%20Mazher">Mayada Mazher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Moustafa"> Ahmed Moustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdellatif"> Ahmed Abdellatif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Autophagy is a eukaryotic, highly conserved catabolic process implicated in many pathophysiologies such as wound healing. Autophagy-associated genes serve as a scaffolding platform for signal transduction of macrophage polarization during the inflammatory phase of wound healing and tissue repair process. In the current study, we report a model for the interplay between autophagy-associated genes and macrophages polarization associated genes. Methods: In silico analysis was performed on 249 autophagy-related genes retrieved from the public autophagy database and gene expression data retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO); GSE81922 and GSE69607 microarray data macrophages polarization 199 DEGS. An integrated protein-protein interaction network was constructed for autophagy and macrophage gene sets. The gene sets were then used for GO terms pathway enrichment analysis. Common transcription factors for autophagy and macrophages' polarization were identified. Finally, microRNAs enriched in both autophagy and macrophages were predicated. Results: In silico prediction of common transcription factors in DEGs macrophages and autophagy gene sets revealed a new role for the transcription factors, HOMEZ, GABPA, ELK1 and REL, that commonly regulate macrophages associated genes: IL6,IL1M, IL1B, NOS1, SOC3 and autophagy-related genes: Atg12, Rictor, Rb1cc1, Gaparab1, Atg16l1. Conclusions: Autophagy and macrophages' polarization are interdependent cellular processes, and both autophagy-related proteins and macrophages' polarization related proteins coordinate in tissue remodelling via transcription factors and microRNAs regulatory network. The current work highlights a potential new role for transcription factors HOMEZ, GABPA, ELK1 and REL in wound healing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy%20related%20proteins" title="autophagy related proteins">autophagy related proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20network%20analysis" title=" integrated network analysis"> integrated network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophages%20polarization%20M1%20and%20M2" title=" macrophages polarization M1 and M2"> macrophages polarization M1 and M2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20remodelling" title=" tissue remodelling"> tissue remodelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108802/the-interplay-between-autophagy-and-macrophages-polarization-in-wound-healing-a-genetic-regulatory-network-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15134</span> Multi-Band, Polarization Insensitive, Wide Angle Receptive Metamaterial Absorber for Microwave Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lincy%20Stephen">Lincy Stephen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Yogesh"> N. Yogesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Vasantharajan"> G. Vasantharajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Subramanian"> V. Subramanian </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and simulation of a five band metamaterial absorber at microwave frequencies. The absorber unit cell consists of squares and strips arranged as the top layer and a metallic ground plane as the bottom layer on a dielectric substrate. Simulation results show five near perfect absorption bands at 3.15 GHz, 7.15 GHz, 11.12 GHz, 13.87 GHz, and 16.85 GHz with absorption magnitudes 99.68%, 99.05%, 96.98%, 98.36% and 99.44% respectively. Further, the proposed absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity and wide angle receptivity. The surface current analysis is presented to explain the mechanism of absorption in the structure. With these preferable features, the proposed absorber can be excellent choice for potential applications such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, radar cross section reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20absorber" title="electromagnetic absorber">electromagnetic absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-%20band" title=" multi- band"> multi- band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20insensitive" title=" polarization insensitive"> polarization insensitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20angle%20receptive" title=" wide angle receptive"> wide angle receptive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65618/multi-band-polarization-insensitive-wide-angle-receptive-metamaterial-absorber-for-microwave-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15133</span> Electrochemical Studies of the Inhibition Effect of 2-Dimethylamine on the Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Type 304 in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roland%20Tolulope%20Loto">Roland Tolulope Loto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cleophas%20Akintoye%20Loto"> Cleophas Akintoye Loto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Patricia%20Popoola"> Abimbola Patricia Popoola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inhibiting action of 2-dimethylamine on the electrochemical behaviour of austenitic stainless steel (type 304) in dilute hydrochloric was evaluated through weight-loss method, open circuit potential measurement and potentiodynamic polarization tests at specific concentrations of the organic compound. Results obtained reveal that the compound performed effectively giving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 79% at 12.5% concentration from weight loss analysis and 80.9% at 12.5% concentration from polarization tests. The average corrosion potential of -321 mV was obtained the same concentration from other tests which is well within passivation potentials on the steel thus, providing good protection against corrosion in the acid solutions. 2-dimethylamine acted through physiochemical interaction at the steel/solution interface from thermodynamic calculations and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of the inhibition efficiency determined from the three methods are in reasonably good agreement. Polarization studies showed that the compounds behaved as cathodic type inhibitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-dimethylamine" title=" 2-dimethylamine"> 2-dimethylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochloric%20acid" title=" hydrochloric acid"> hydrochloric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12389/electrochemical-studies-of-the-inhibition-effect-of-2-dimethylamine-on-the-corrosion-of-austenitic-stainless-steel-type-304-in-dilute-hydrochloric-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15132</span> Electrochemical Behaviour of 2014 and 2024 Al-Cu-Mg Alloys of Various Tempers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Ghosh">K. S. Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagnik%20Bose"> Sagnik Bose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapil%20Tripati"> Kapil Tripati </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potentiodynamic polarization studies carried out on AA2024 and AA2014 Al-Cu-Mg alloys of various tempers in 3.5 wt. % NaCl and in 3.5 wt. % NaCl + 1.0 % H2O2 solution characteristic E-i curves. Corrosion potential (Ecorr) value has shifted towards more negative potential with the increase of artificial aging time. The Ecorr value for the alloy tempers has also shifted anodically in presence of H2O2 in 3.5 % NaCl solution. Further, passivity phenomenon has been observed in all the alloy tempers when tested in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution at pH 12. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of friction stir weld (FSW) joint of AA2014 alloy has been studied bu slow strain rate test (SSRT) in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Optical micrographs of the corroded surfaces of polarised samples showed general corrosion, extensive pitting and intergranular corrosion as well. Further, potentiodynamic cyclic polarization curves displayed wide hysteresis loop indicating that the alloy tempers are susceptible to pit growth damage. Attempts have been made to explain the variation of observed electrochemical and SCC behaviour of the alloy tempers and the electrolyte conditions with the help of microstructural features. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA%202014%20and%20AA%202024%20Al-C-Mg%20alloy" title="AA 2014 and AA 2024 Al-C-Mg alloy">AA 2014 and AA 2024 Al-C-Mg alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20ageing" title=" artificial ageing"> artificial ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiodynamic%20polarization" title=" potentiodynamic polarization"> potentiodynamic polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM%20micrographs" title=" TEM micrographs"> TEM micrographs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20corrosion%20cracking%20%28SCC%29" title=" stress corrosion cracking (SCC)"> stress corrosion cracking (SCC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17400/electrochemical-behaviour-of-2014-and-2024-al-cu-mg-alloys-of-various-tempers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15131</span> The Behavior of Steel, Copper, and Aluminum vis-à-vis the Corrosion in an Aqueous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harche%20Rima">Harche Rima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laoufi%20Nadia%20Aicha"> Laoufi Nadia Aicha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work consists of studying the behavior of steel, copper, and aluminum vis-à-vis the corrosion in an aqueous medium in the presence of the antifreeze COOLELF MDX -26°C. For this, we have studied the influence of the temperature and the different concentrations of the antifreeze on the corrosion of these three metals, this will last for two months by the polarization method and weight loss. In the end, we investigated the samples with the optic microscope to know their surface state. The aim of this work is the protection of contraptions. The use of antifreeze in ordinary water has a high efficiency against steel corrosion, as demonstrated by electrochemical tests (potential monitoring as a function of time and tracing polarization curves). The inhibition rate is greater than 99% for different volume concentrations, ranging from 40% to 60%. The speeds are in turn low in the order of 10-4 mm/year. On the other hand, the addition of antifreeze to ordinary water increases the corrosion potential of steel by more than 400 mV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20and%20prevention" title="corrosion and prevention">corrosion and prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibitor" title=" corrosion inhibitor"> corrosion inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-cooling" title=" anti-cooling"> anti-cooling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185967/the-behavior-of-steel-copper-and-aluminum-vis-a-vis-the-corrosion-in-an-aqueous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15130</span> Folding of β-Structures via the Polarized Structure-Specific Backbone Charge (PSBC) Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yew%20Mun%20Yip">Yew Mun Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawei%20Zhang"> Dawei Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proteins are the biological machinery that executes specific vital functions in every cell of the human body by folding into their 3D structures. When a protein misfolds from its native structure, the machinery will malfunction and lead to misfolding diseases. Although in vitro experiments are able to conclude that the mutations of the amino acid sequence lead to incorrectly folded protein structures, these experiments are unable to decipher the folding process. Therefore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are employed to simulate the folding process so that our improved understanding of the folding process will enable us to contemplate better treatments for misfolding diseases. MD simulations make use of force fields to simulate the folding process of peptides. Secondary structures are formed via the hydrogen bonds formed between the backbone atoms (C, O, N, H). It is important that the hydrogen bond energy computed during the MD simulation is accurate in order to direct the folding process to the native structure. Since the atoms involved in a hydrogen bond possess very dissimilar electronegativities, the more electronegative atom will attract greater electron density from the less electronegative atom towards itself. This is known as the polarization effect. Since the polarization effect changes the electron density of the two atoms in close proximity, the atomic charges of the two atoms should also vary based on the strength of the polarization effect. However, the fixed atomic charge scheme in force fields does not account for the polarization effect. In this study, we introduce the polarized structure-specific backbone charge (PSBC) model. The PSBC model accounts for the polarization effect in MD simulation by updating the atomic charges of the backbone hydrogen bond atoms according to equations derived between the amount of charge transferred to the atom and the length of the hydrogen bond, which are calculated from quantum-mechanical calculations. Compared to other polarizable models, the PSBC model does not require quantum-mechanical calculations of the peptide simulated at every time-step of the simulation and maintains the dynamic update of atomic charges, thereby reducing the computational cost and time while accounting for the polarization effect dynamically at the same time. The PSBC model is applied to two different β-peptides, namely the Beta3s/GS peptide, a de novo designed three-stranded β-sheet whose structure is folded in vitro and studied by NMR, and the trpzip peptides, a double-stranded β-sheet where a correlation is found between the type of amino acids that constitute the β-turn and the β-propensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bond" title="hydrogen bond">hydrogen bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20effect" title=" polarization effect"> polarization effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20folding" title=" protein folding"> protein folding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSBC" title=" PSBC"> PSBC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45837/folding-of-v-structures-via-the-polarized-structure-specific-backbone-charge-psbc-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15129</span> Integration of Polarization States and Color Multiplexing through a Singular Metasurface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Sipahi">Tarik Sipahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonics research continues to push the boundaries of optical science, and the development of metasurface technology has emerged as a transformative force in this domain. The work presents the intricacies of a unified metasurface design tailored for efficient polarization and color control in optical systems. The proposed unified metasurface serves as a singular, nanoengineered optical element capable of simultaneous polarization modulation and color encoding. Leveraging principles from metamaterials and nanophotonics, this design allows for unprecedented control over the behavior of light at the subwavelength scale. The metasurface's spatially varying architecture enables seamless manipulation of both polarization states and color wavelengths, paving the way for a paradigm shift in optical system design. The advantages of this unified metasurface are diverse and impactful. By consolidating functions that traditionally require multiple optical components, the design streamlines optical systems, reducing complexity and enhancing overall efficiency. This approach is particularly promising for applications where compactness, weight considerations, and multifunctionality are crucial. Furthermore, the proposed unified metasurface design not only enhances multifunctionality but also addresses key challenges in optical system design, offering a versatile solution for applications demanding compactness and lightweight structures. The metasurface's capability to simultaneously manipulate polarization and color opens new possibilities in diverse technological fields. The research contributes to the evolution of optical science by showcasing the transformative potential of metasurface technology, emphasizing its role in reshaping the landscape of optical system architectures. This work represents a significant step forward in the ongoing pursuit of pushing the boundaries of photonics, providing a foundation for future innovations in compact and efficient optical devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metasurface" title="metasurface">metasurface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanophotonics" title=" nanophotonics"> nanophotonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20system%20design" title=" optical system design"> optical system design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20control" title=" polarization control"> polarization control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182743/integration-of-polarization-states-and-color-multiplexing-through-a-singular-metasurface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15128</span> Electrical Properties of Polarization-Induced Aluminum Nitride/Gallium Nitride Heterostructures Homoepitaxially Grown on Aluminum Nitride Sapphire Template by Molecular Beam Epitaxy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanlin%20Wu">Guanlin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Yao"> Jiajia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu"> Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junshuai%20Xue"> Junshuai Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jincheng%20Zhang"> Jincheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Hao"> Yue Hao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to the excellent thermal conductivity and ultra-wide bandgap, Aluminum nitride (AlN)/Gallium nitride (GaN) is a highly promising material to achieve high breakdown voltage and output power devices among III-nitrides. In this study, we explore the growth and characterization of polarization-induced AlN/GaN heterostructures using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on AlN-on-sapphire templates. To improve the crystal quality and demonstrate the effectiveness of the PA-MBE approach, a thick AlN buffer of 180 nm was first grown on the AlN-on sapphire template. This buffer acts as a back-barrier to enhance the breakdown characteristic and isolate leakage paths that exist in the interface between the AlN epilayer and the AlN template. A root-mean-square roughness of 0.2 nm over a scanned area of 2×2 µm2 was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the full-width at half-maximum of (002) and (102) planes on the X-ray rocking curve was 101 and 206 arcsec, respectively, using by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD). The electron mobility of 443 cm2/Vs with a carrier concentration of 2.50×1013 cm-2 at room temperature was achieved in the AlN/GaN heterostructures by using a polarization-induced GaN channel. The low depletion capacitance of 15 pF is resolved by the capacitance-voltage. These results indicate that the polarization-induced AlN/GaN heterostructures have great potential for next-generation high-temperature, high-frequency, and high-power electronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlN" title="AlN">AlN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title=" GaN"> GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBE" title=" MBE"> MBE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterostructures" title=" heterostructures"> heterostructures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165723/electrical-properties-of-polarization-induced-aluminum-nitridegallium-nitride-heterostructures-homoepitaxially-grown-on-aluminum-nitride-sapphire-template-by-molecular-beam-epitaxy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15127</span> Mechanism of Dual Ferroic Properties Formation in Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Trukhanov">A. V. Trukhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Trukhanov"> S. V. Trukhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20V.%20Panina"> L. V. Panina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20G.%20Kostishin"> V. G. Kostishin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20A.%20Turchenko"> V. A. Turchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been shown that BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> is a perspective room-temperature multiferroic material. A large spontaneous polarization was observed for the BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> ceramics revealing a clear ferroelectric hysteresis loop. The maximum polarization was estimated to be approximately 11.8 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>. The FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedron in its perovskite-like hexagonal unit cell and the shift of Fe<sup>3+</sup> off the center of octahedron are suggested to be the origin of the polarization in BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>. The magnetic field induced electric polarization has been also observed in the doped BaFe<sub>12-x-δ</sub>Sc<sub>x</sub>M<sub>δ</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (δ=0.05) at 10 K and in the BaSc<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12−x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> and SrSc<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12−x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (x = 1.3–1.7) M-type hexaferrites. The investigated BaFe<sub>12-x</sub>D<sub>x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (x=0.1, D-Al<sup>3+</sup>, In<sup>3+</sup>) samples have been obtained by two-step “topotactic” reactions. The powder neutron investigations of the samples were performed by neutron time of flight method at High Resolution Fourier Diffractometer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substituted%20hexaferrites" title="substituted hexaferrites">substituted hexaferrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrimagnetics" title=" ferrimagnetics"> ferrimagnetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroelectrics" title=" ferroelectrics"> ferroelectrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20powder%20diffraction" title=" neutron powder diffraction"> neutron powder diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20and%20magnetic%20structures" title=" crystal and magnetic structures"> crystal and magnetic structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52452/mechanism-of-dual-ferroic-properties-formation-in-substituted-m-type-hexaferrites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15126</span> Political Polarization May Be Distorted When It Comes to Police Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Bartekian">Nancy Bartekian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Reyna"> Christine Reyna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Republicans and Democrats are often polarized when it comes to important topics, but the portrayal of polarization of key issues might be distorted and exaggerated. We examined Republicans' and Democrats’ attitudes about police reform policy during the 2020 racial justice protests and calls to ‘defund the police’. We hypothesized that a) Republicans and Democrats will be polarized on the “defund police'' question; however, b) they will have similar overall attitudes towards specific police reform policies (will be on the same side of the scale--disagree vs. agree), but c) will differ in their extent of agreement or disagreement (main effect of political party ID, but located on the same side of the scale). Using one-way, Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for race, education, and income, we found an overall effect of political party ID. Six out of the nine policies studied were, in fact, not polarizing; both groups were in consensus on whether they disagreed or agreed with the policy, including “defund police''. Results suggest that polarization might be exaggerated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology" title="political psychology">political psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150889/political-polarization-may-be-distorted-when-it-comes-to-police-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15125</span> Dual-Polarized Multi-Antenna System for Massive MIMO Cellular Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Ojaroudi%20Parchin">Naser Ojaroudi Parchin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleh%20Jahanbakhsh%20Basherlou"> Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raed%20A.%20Abd-Alhameed"> Raed A. Abd-Alhameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20S.%20Excell"> Peter S. Excell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design with polarization and radiation pattern diversity is presented for future smartphones. The configuration of the design consists of four double-fed circular-ring antenna elements located at different edges of the printed circuit board (PCB) with an FR-4 substrate and overall dimension of 75×150 mm<sup>2</sup>. The antenna elements are fed by 50-Ohm microstrip-lines and provide polarization and radiation pattern diversity function due to the orthogonal placement of their feed lines. A good impedance bandwidth (S<sub>11</sub> ≤ -10 dB) of 3.4-3.8 GHz has been obtained for the smartphone antenna array. However, for S<sub>11</sub> ≤ -6 dB, this value is 3.25-3.95 GHz. More than 3 dB realized gain and 80% total efficiency are achieved for the single-element radiator. The presented design not only provides the required radiation coverage but also generates the polarization diversity characteristic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20communications" title="cellular communications">cellular communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%2Fmultiple-output%20systems" title=" multiple-input/multiple-output systems"> multiple-input/multiple-output systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile-phone%20antenna" title=" mobile-phone antenna"> mobile-phone antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20diversity" title=" polarization diversity"> polarization diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111449/dual-polarized-multi-antenna-system-for-massive-mimo-cellular-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15124</span> Estimating the Relationship between Education and Political Polarization over Immigration across Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Tappin">Ben Tappin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20McKay"> Ryan McKay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The political left and right appear to disagree not only over questions of value but, also, over questions of fact—over what is true “out there” in society and the world. Alarmingly, a large body of survey data collected during the past decade suggests that this disagreement tends to be greatest among the most educated and most cognitively sophisticated opposing partisans. In other words, the data show that these individuals display the widest political polarization in their reported factual beliefs. Explanations of this polarization pattern draw heavily on cultural and political factors; yet, the large majority of the evidence originates from one cultural and political context—the United States, a country with a rather unique cultural and political history. One consequence is that widening political polarization conditional on education and cognitive sophistication may be due to idiosyncratic cultural, political or historical factors endogenous to US society—rather than a more general, international phenomenon. We examined widening political polarization conditional on education across Europe, over a topic that is culturally and politically contested; immigration. To do so, we analyzed data from the European Social Survey, a premier survey of countries in and around the European area conducted biennially since 2002. Our main results are threefold. First, we see widening political polarization conditional on education over beliefs about the economic impact of immigration. The foremost countries showing this pattern are the most influential in Europe: Germany and France. However, we also see heterogeneity across countries, with some—such as Belgium—showing no evidence of such polarization. Second, we find that widening political polarization conditional on education is a product of sorting. That is, highly educated partisans exhibit stronger within-group consensus in their beliefs about immigration—the data do not support the view that the more educated partisans are more polarized simply because the less educated fail to adopt a position on the question. Third, and finally, we find some evidence that shocks to the political climate of countries in the European area—for example, the “refugee crisis” of summer 2015—were associated with a subsequent increase in political polarization over immigration conditional on education. The largest increase was observed in Germany, which was at the centre of the so-called refugee crisis in 2015. These results reveal numerous insights: they show that widening political polarization conditional on education is not restricted to the US or native English-speaking culture; that such polarization emerges in the domain of immigration; that it is a product of within-group consensus among the more educated; and, finally, that exogenous shocks to the political climate may be associated with subsequent increases in political polarization conditional on education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title="beliefs">beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immigration" title=" immigration"> immigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20polarization" title=" political polarization"> political polarization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105430/estimating-the-relationship-between-education-and-political-polarization-over-immigration-across-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15123</span> Pyroelectric Effect on Thermoelectricity of AlInN/GaN Heterostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sahoo">B. K. Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superior thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of AlₓIn₁₋ₓN /GaN heterostructure (HS) requires a minimum value of thermal conductivity (k). A smaller k would lead to even further increase of TE figure of merit (ZT). The built-in polarization (BIP) electric field of AlₓIn₁₋ₓN /GaN HS enhances S, and σ of the HS, however, the effect of BIP field on k of the HS has not been explored. Study of thermal conductivities (k: without BIP and kp: including BIP) vs temperature predicts pyroelectric behavior of HS. Both k and kp show crossover at a temperature Tp. The result shows that below Tp, kp < k due to negative thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). However, above Tp, kp > k. Above Tp, piezoelectric polarization dominates over spontaneous polarization due to positive TEC. This generates more lattice mismatch resulting in the significant contribution of BIP field to thermal conductivity. Thus, Tp can be considered as primary pyroelectric transition temperature of the material as above Tp thermal expansion takes place which is the reason for the secondary pyroelectric effect. It is found that below Tp, kp is decreased; thus enhancing TE efficiency. For x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3; Tp are close to 200, 210 and 260 K, respectively. Thus, k of the HS can be modified as per requirement by tailoring the Al composition; making it suitable simultaneously for the design of high-temperature pyroelectric sensors and TE module for maximum power production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%E2%82%93In%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93N%2FGaN%20heterostructure" title="AlₓIn₁₋ₓN/GaN heterostructure">AlₓIn₁₋ₓN/GaN heterostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20in%20polarization" title=" built in polarization"> built in polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroelectric%20behavior" title=" pyroelectric behavior"> pyroelectric behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20efficiency" title=" thermoelectric efficiency"> thermoelectric efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107402/pyroelectric-effect-on-thermoelectricity-of-alinngan-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15122</span> Aqueous Extract of Argemone Mexicana Roots for Effective Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopal%20Ji">Gopal Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Dwivedi"> Priyanka Dwivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanthi%20Sundaram"> Shanthi Sundaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajiv%20Prakash"> Rajiv Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inhibition effect of aqueous Argemone Mexicana root extract (AMRE) on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl has been studied by weight loss, Tafel polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Results indicate that inhibition ability of AMRE increases with the increasing amount of the extract. A maximum corrosion inhibition of 94% is acknowledged at the extract concentration of 400 mg L-1. Polarization curves and impedance spectra reveal that both cathodic and anodic reactions are suppressed due to passive layer formation at metal-acid interface. It is also confirmed by SEM micro graphs and FTIR studies. Furthermore, the effects of acid concentration (1-5 M), immersion time (120 hours) and temperature (30-60˚C) on inhibition potential of AMRE have been investigated by weight loss method and electrochemical techniques. Adsorption mechanism is also proposed on the basis of weight loss results, which shows good agreement with Langmuir isotherm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel" title="mild steel">mild steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20corrosion" title=" acid corrosion"> acid corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20inhibition" title=" green inhibition"> green inhibition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15600/aqueous-extract-of-argemone-mexicana-roots-for-effective-corrosion-inhibition-of-mild-steel-in-hcl-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15121</span> Angiogenic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Phenotype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can Be Regulated by Cytokine Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20Zubkova">Ekaterina Zubkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Beloglazova"> Irina Beloglazova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iurii%20Stafeev"> Iurii Stafeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konsyantin%20Dergilev"> Konsyantin Dergilev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelena%20Parfyonova"> Yelena Parfyonova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20Menshikov"> Mikhail Menshikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue (MSC) currently are widely used in regenerative medicine to restore the function of damaged tissues, but that is significantly hampered by their heterogeneity. One of the modern approaches to overcoming this obstacle is the polarization of cell subpopulations into a specific phenotype under the influence of cytokines and other factors that activate receptors and signal transmission to cells. We polarized MSC with factors affecting the inflammatory signaling and functional properties of cells, followed by verification of their expression profile and ability to affect the polarization of macrophages. RT-PCR evaluation showed that cells treated with LPS, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), primarily express pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines, and after treatment with polyninosin polycytidic acid and interleukin-4 (IL4) anti-inflammatory factors and some proinflammatory factors. MSC polarized with pro-inflammatory cytokines showed a more robust pro-angiogenic effect in fibrin gel bead 3D angiogenesis assay. Further, we evaluated the possibility of paracrine effects of MSCs on the polarization of intact macrophages. Polarization efficiency was assesed by expression of M1/M2 phenotype markers CD80 and CD206. We showed that conditioned media from MSC preincubated in the presence of IL-4 cause an increase in CD206 expression similar to that observed in M2 macrophages. Conditioned media from MSC polarized in the presence of LPS or TNF-α increased the expression of CD80 antigen in macrophages, similar to that observed in M1 macrophages. In other cases, a pronounced paracrine effect of MSC on the polarization of macrophages was not detected. Thus, our study showed that the polarization of MSC along the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathway allows us to obtain cell subpopulations that have a multidirectional modulating effect on the polarization of macrophages. (RFBR grants 20-015-00405 and 18-015-00398.) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angiogenesis" title="angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal" title=" mesenchymal"> mesenchymal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130981/angiogenic-and-immunomodulatory-properties-and-phenotype-of-mesenchymal-stromal-cells-can-be-regulated-by-cytokine-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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