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silk</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: spider silk"> <meta name="keywords" content="spider silk"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="spider silk"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 108</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: spider silk</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Improving Alginate Bioink by Recombinant Spider-Silk Biopolymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dean%20Robinson">Dean Robinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miriam%20Gublebank"> Miriam Gublebank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ella%20Sklan"> Ella Sklan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tali%20Tavor%20Re%27em"> Tali Tavor Re'em</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alginate, a natural linear polysaccharide polymer extracted from brown seaweed, is extensively applied due to its biocompatibility, all- aqueous ease of handling, and relatively low costs. Alginate easily forms a hydrogel when crosslinked with a divalent ion, such as calcium. However, Alginate hydrogel holds low mechanical properties and is cell-inert. To overcome these drawbacks and to improve alginate as a bio-ink for bioprinting, we produced a new alginate matrix combined with spider silk, one of the most resilient, elastic, strong materials known to men. Recombinant spider silk biopolymer has a sponge-like structure and is known to be biocompatible and non-immunogenic. Our results indicated that combining synthetic spider-silk into bio-printed cell-seeded alginate hydrogels resulted in improved properties compared to alginate: improved mechanical properties of the matrix, achieving a tunable gel viscosity and high printability, alongside prolonged and higher cell viability in culture, probably due to the improved cell-matrix interactions. The new bio-ink was then used for bilayer bioprinting of epithelial and stromal endometrial cells. Such a co-culture model will be used for the formation of the complex endometrial tissue for studying the embryo implantation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20culture" title="cell culture">cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20silk" title=" spider silk"> spider silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title=" alginate"> alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioprinting" title=" bioprinting"> bioprinting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148116/improving-alginate-bioink-by-recombinant-spider-silk-biopolymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Using OMICs Approaches to Investigate Venomic Insights into the Spider Web Silk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franciele%20G.%20Esteves">Franciele G. Esteves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20R.%20A.%20dos%20Santos-Pinto"> Jose R. A. dos Santos-Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20L.%20de%20Souza"> Caroline L. de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20S.%20Palma"> Mario S. Palma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orb-weaving spiders use a very strong, stickiness, and elastic web to catch the prey. These web properties would be enough for the entrapment of prey; however, these spiders may be hiding venomous secrets on the web, which are being revealed now. Here we provide strong proteome, peptidome, and transcriptomic evidence for the presence of toxic components on the web silk from Nephila clavipes. Our scientific outcomes revealed, both in the web silk and in the silk-producing glands, a wide diversity of toxins/neurotoxins, defensins, and proteolytic enzymes. These toxins/neurotoxins are similar to toxins isolated from animal venoms, such as Sphigomyelinase D, Latrotoxins, Zodatoxins, Ctenitoxin Pn and Pk, Agatoxins and Theraphotoxin. Moreover, the insect-toxicity results with the web silk crude extract demonstrated that these toxic components can be lethal and/or cause paralytic effects to the prey. Therefore, through OMICs approaches, the results presented until now may contribute to a better understanding of the chemical and ecological interaction of these compounds in insect-prey capture by spider web N. clavipes, demonstrating that the web is not only a simple mechanical tool but has a chemical-active involvement in prey capture. Moreover, the results can also contribute to future studies of possible development of a selective insecticide or even in possible pharmacological applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20silk%20toxins" title="web silk toxins">web silk toxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk-produncing%20glands" title=" silk-produncing glands"> silk-produncing glands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20novo%20transcriptome%20assembly" title=" de novo transcriptome assembly"> de novo transcriptome assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCMS-based%20proteomics" title=" LCMS-based proteomics"> LCMS-based proteomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115343/using-omics-approaches-to-investigate-venomic-insights-into-the-spider-web-silk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Stress Analysis of Spider Gear Using Structural Steel on ANSYS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Kalvin">Roman Kalvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Nadeem"> Anam Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Khushnood"> Shahab Khushnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Differential is an integral part of four wheeled vehicle, and its main function is to transmit power from drive shaft to wheels. Differential assembly allows both rear wheels to turn at different speed along curved paths. It consists of four gears which are assembled together namely pinion, ring, spider and bevel gears. This research focused on the spider gear and its static structural analysis using ANSYS. The main aim was to evaluate the distribution of stresses on the teeth of the spider gear. This study also analyzed total deformation that may occur during its working along with bevel gear that is meshed with spider gear. Structural steel was chosen for spider gear in this research. Modeling and assembling were done on SolidWorks for both spider and bevel gear. They were assembled exactly same as in a differential assembly. This assembly was then imported to ANSYS. After observing results that maximum amount of stress and deformation was produced in the spider gear, it was concluded that structural steel material for spider gear possesses greater amount of strength to bear maximum stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title="ANSYS">ANSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential" title=" differential"> differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20gear" title=" spider gear"> spider gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20steel" title=" structural steel"> structural steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96019/stress-analysis-of-spider-gear-using-structural-steel-on-ansys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Imaginations of the Silk Road in Sven Hedin’s Travel Writings: 1900-1936</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kexin%20Tan">Kexin Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silk Road is a concept idiosyncratic in nature. Western scholars co-created and conceptualized in its early days, transliterated into the countries along the Silk Road, redefined, reimagined, and reconfigured by the public in the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the image is not only a mirror of the discursive interactions between East and West but Self and Other. The travel narrative of Sven Hedin, through which the Silk Road was enriched in meanings and popularized, is the focus of this study. This article examines how the Silk Road was imagined in three key texts of Sven Hedin: The Silk Road, The Wandering Lake, and The Flight of “Big Horse”. Three recurring themes are extracted and analyzed: the Silk Road, the land of enigmas, the virgin land, and the reconnecting road. Ideas about ethnotypes and images drawn from theorists such as Joep Leerssen have been deployed in the analysis. This research tracks how the images were configured, concentrating on China’s ethnotypes, travel writing tropes, and the Silk Road discourse that preceded Sven Hedin. Hedin’s role in his expedition, his geopolitical viewpoints, and the commercial considerations of his books are also discussed in relation to the intellectual construct of the Silk Road. It is discovered that the images of the Silk Road and the discursive traditions behind it are mobile rather than static, inclusive than antithetical. The paradoxical characters of the Silk Road reveal the complexity of the socio-historical background of Hedin’s time, as well as the collision of discursive traditions and practical issues. While it is true that Hedin’s discursive construction of the Silk Road image embodies the bias of Self-West against Other-East, its characteristics such as fluidity and openness could probably offer a hint at its resurgence in the postcolonial era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20silk%20road" title="the silk road">the silk road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sven%20Hedin" title=" Sven Hedin"> Sven Hedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imagology" title=" imagology"> imagology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnotype" title=" ethnotype"> ethnotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travelogue" title=" travelogue"> travelogue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140016/imaginations-of-the-silk-road-in-sven-hedins-travel-writings-1900-1936" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Degumming of Eri Silk Fabric with Ionic Liquid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20K.%20Vyas">Shweta K. Vyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Musale"> Rakesh Musale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20R.%20Shukla"> Sanjeev R. Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eri silk is a non mulberry silk which is obtained without killing the silkworms and hence it is also known as Ahmisa silk. In the present study, the results on degumming of eri silk with alkaline peroxide have been compared with those obtained by using ionic liquid (IL) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl. Experiments were designed to find out the optimum processing parameters for degumming of eri silk by response surface methodology. The statistical software, Design-Expert 6.0 was used for regression analysis and graphical analysis of the responses obtained by running the set of designed experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate the statistical parameters. The polynomial equation of quadratic order was employed to fit the experimental data. The quality and model terms were evaluated by F-test. Three dimensional surface plots were prepared to study the effect of variables on different responses. The optimum conditions for IL treatment were selected from predicted combinations and the experiments were repeated under these conditions to determine the reproducibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20degumming" title="silk degumming">silk degumming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18585/degumming-of-eri-silk-fabric-with-ionic-liquid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Study on the Effect of Weather Variables on the Spider Abundance in Two Ecological Zones of Ogun State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odejayi%20Adedayo%20Olugbenga">Odejayi Adedayo Olugbenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Adebisi"> Aina Adebisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weather variables (rainfall and temperature) affect the diversity and abundance of both fauna and flora species. This study compared the weather variables with spider abundance in two ecological zones of Ogun State, Nigeria namely Ago-iwoye (Rainforest) in the Ijebu axis and Aiyetoro (Derived Savannah) in the Yewa axis. Seven study sites chosen by Simple Random Sampling in each ecosystem were used for the study. In each sampling area, a 60 m x 120 m land area was marked and sampled, spider collection techniques were; hand picking, use of sweep netting, and Pitfall trap. Adult spiders were identified to the species level. Species richness was estimated by a non-parametric species estimator while the diversity of spider species was assessed by Simpson Diversity Index and Species Richness by One-way Analysis of Variance. Results revealed that spiders were more abundant in rainforest zones than in derived savannah ecosystems. However, the pattern of spider abundance in rainforest zone and residential areas were similar. During high temperatures, the activities of spiders tended to increase according to this study. In contrast, results showed that there was a negative correlation between rainfall and spider species abundance in addition to a negative and weak correlation between rainfall and species richness. It was concluded that heavy downpour has lethal effects on both immature and sometimes matured spiders, which could lead to the extinction of some unknown species of spiders. Tree planting should be encouraged, as this shelters the spider. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider" title="spider">spider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title=" abundance"> abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20richness" title=" species richness"> species richness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20diversity" title=" species diversity"> species diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168175/study-on-the-effect-of-weather-variables-on-the-spider-abundance-in-two-ecological-zones-of-ogun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Hospitality Genealogy: Tracing the Ethics and Ontologies of Hospitality-Making on the Silk-Routes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Michael%20Walsh">Neil Michael Walsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelique%20Lombarts"> Angelique Lombarts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors propose that hospitality is ‘made’ (constituted and performed) in the encounters on the Silk-Routes. Inspired with an initial Derridean perspective on hospitality (the conditional/unconditional) and methodologically underpinned with a Delueuzian relational-rhizomatic approach, the authors contend that hospitality is (re)produced in the encounters of self/other, east/west (among others). Thus, in the spirit of performativity and using the temporal-spatial conduit of the Silk Routes (the sites of ethical, cultural, economic, and material interaction of such exchange), the authors concur that hospitality is produced at the moment in which it is performed. Key themes engaged as units of analysis become welcome, reception, hostility, (and so on) which the authors engage and examine –as they unfold- in the narratives and accounts and material legacies of those who travelled the Silk Routes between the 2nd and 18th Centuries. The preliminary results suggest that these earlier performative moments in hospitality-making on the silk routes continue to resonate and ‘form’ the hospitalities of today. Indeed, these acts of hospitality continue to reconstitute and are never a final state of affairs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality-genealogy" title="hospitality-genealogy">hospitality-genealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactions" title=" interactions"> interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality-making" title=" hospitality-making"> hospitality-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silk-Routes" title=" Silk-Routes"> Silk-Routes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizome" title=" rhizome"> rhizome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationality" title=" relationality"> relationality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129847/hospitality-genealogy-tracing-the-ethics-and-ontologies-of-hospitality-making-on-the-silk-routes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Geographical Indication (Gi) as a Means of Protecting Traditional Right of Muga Silk (Antheria Assamensis) of Assam-India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niranjan%20Das">Niranjan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Geographical indication’ is a sign which is used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. Geographical Indication is primarily granted to agricultural, natural, manufactured, handicrafts originating from a definite geographical territory. It is defined in Article 22(1) of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) 1995 Agreement on ‘Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)’. Assam is literally a ‘Silk country’ where silk culture is rooted in the rural life and culture of Assamese people. This is the only state in India and the world where Muga silk (Antheraea assamensis) is grown. Out of the total production of India’s Muga silk, Assam has the credit of being the sole producer of this 100 percent output, and thus occupies a unique position in the sericulture map of the world. Muga production has been an effective means for generating gainful employment in rural Assam and it has enormous potential in the context of building the rural economy and generating livelihood of this region. Muga, the unique golden-yellow silk of Assam was granted the ‘Geographical Indication (GI)’ registration in 2007. It is the first item from the state of Assam to obtain the GI tag. Besides manufacturing of Muga Silk cloths, the industry is also giving employment to thousands of people, and the silk industry is playing a leading role in the economy of the state. As Brahmaputra Valley is also known for tourist destination, tourists are visiting the valley every year and now the Muga Silk has reached each corner of the country and also in the other parts of the world. This paper tries to emphasizes how the Geographical Indication tag is protecting the traditional right of the Muga Silk of Assam as it has been practised by the Assamese people since times immemorial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographical%20Indication" title="Geographical Indication">Geographical Indication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muga%20silk" title=" Muga silk"> Muga silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20right%20and%20livelihood" title=" traditional right and livelihood"> traditional right and livelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128541/geographical-indication-gi-as-a-means-of-protecting-traditional-right-of-muga-silk-antheria-assamensis-of-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes on Silk Treated with ß-Cyclodextrin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samera%20Salimpour%20Abkenar">Samera Salimpour Abkenar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, silk yarns were treated using ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) and cross-linked with citric acid (CA) via pad-dry-cure method. Elemental and FESEM analyses confirmed the presence of ß-CD on the treated silk samples even after five washing cycles. Then, the treated samples were dyed using natural dyes (carrot, orange and tomato). Results showed that the color strength (<em>K/S</em>) of the treated samples had been markedly enhanced compared with the control sample (after treatment with metal mordant). Finally, the color strength (<em>K/S</em> value) and color fastness (fading, staining and light fastness) of the treated samples with ß-CD were investigated and compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9F-cyclodextrin" title="ß-cyclodextrin">ß-cyclodextrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20yarn" title=" silk yarn"> silk yarn</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116487/dyeing-properties-of-natural-dyes-on-silk-treated-with-ss-cyclodextrin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> SIPTOX: Spider Toxin Database Information Repository System of Protein Toxins from Spiders by Using MySQL Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Tayubi">Iftikhar Tayubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabrej%20Khan"> Tabrej Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayan%20Alsulmi"> Rayan Alsulmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Labban"> Abdulrahman Labban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spider produces a special kind of substance. This special kind of substance is called a toxin. The toxin is composed of many types of protein, which differs from species to species. Spider toxin consists of several proteins and non-proteins that include various categories of toxins like myotoxin, neurotoxin, cardiotoxin, dendrotoxin, haemorrhagins, and fibrinolytic enzyme. Protein Sequence information with references of toxins was derived from literature and public databases. From the previous findings, the Spider toxin would be the best choice to treat different types of tumors and cancer. There are many therapeutic regimes, which causes more side effects than treatment hence a different approach must be adopted for the treatment of cancer. The combinations of drugs are being encouraged, and dramatic outcomes are reported. Spider toxin is one of the natural cytotoxic compounds. Hence, it is being used to treat different types of tumors; especially its positive effect on breast cancer is being reported during the last few decades. The efficacy of this database is that it can provide a user-friendly interface for users to retrieve the information about Spiders, toxin and toxin protein of different Spiders species. SPIDTOXD provides a single source information about spider toxins, which will be useful for pharmacologists, neuroscientists, toxicologists, medicinal chemists. The well-ordered and accessible web interface allows users to explore the detail information of Spider and toxin proteins. It includes common name, scientific name, entry id, entry name, protein name and length of the protein sequence. The utility of this database is that it can provide a user-friendly interface for users to retrieve the information about Spider, toxin and toxin protein of different Spider species. The database interfaces will satisfy the demands of the scientific community by providing in-depth knowledge about Spider and its toxin. We have adopted the methodology by using A MySQL and PHP and for designing, we used the Smart Draw. The users can thus navigate from one section to another, depending on the field of interest of the user. This database contains a wealth of information on species, toxins, and clinical data, etc. This database will be useful for the scientific community, basic researchers and those interested in potential pharmaceutical Industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=siptoxd" title="siptoxd">siptoxd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=php" title=" php"> php</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mysql" title=" mysql"> mysql</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxin" title=" toxin"> toxin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73923/siptox-spider-toxin-database-information-repository-system-of-protein-toxins-from-spiders-by-using-mysql-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Investigating the Characteristics of Multi-Plastic Composites Prepared from a Mixture of Silk Fibers and Recycled Polycarbonate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razieh%20Shamsi">Razieh Shamsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Faezipour"> Mehdi Faezipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Abdolkhani"> Ali Abdolkhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, the characteristics of composites prepared from waste silk fibers and recycled polycarbonate polymer (used compacted boards) at four levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30% (silk fibers) and using 2% N- 2-Aminoethyl-3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was investigated as a coupling agent and melt process method. Silk fibers (carpet weaving waste) with dimensions of 8-18 mm were prepared, and recycled polymer with 9 mesh grading was ground. Production boards in 3 thicknesses, 3 mm (tensile test samples), 5 mm (bending test samples, water absorption, and thickness shrinkage), 7 mm (impact resistance test samples) ) with a specific weight of 1 gram per cubic centimeter, hot pressing time and temperature of 12 minutes and 190 degrees Celsius with a pressure of 130 bar, cold pressing time of 6 minutes with a pressure of 50 bar and using the coupling agent N- (2- Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was prepared in a constant amount of 2% of the dry weight of the filler. The results showed that, in general, by adding silk fibers to the base polymer, compared to the control samples (pure recycled polycarbonate polymer) and also by increasing the amount of silk fibers, almost all the resistances increased. The amount of water absorption of the constructed composite increased with the increase in the amount of silk fibers, and the thickness absorption was equal to 0% even after 72 hours of immersion in water. The thermal resistance of the pure recycled polymer was higher than the prepared composites, and by adding silk fibers to the base polymer and also by increasing the amount of silk fibers from 10 to 30%, the thermal resistance of the composites decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20composite" title="wood composite">wood composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20polycarbonate" title=" recycled polycarbonate"> recycled polycarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fibers" title=" silk fibers"> silk fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154382/investigating-the-characteristics-of-multi-plastic-composites-prepared-from-a-mixture-of-silk-fibers-and-recycled-polycarbonate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Dyeability of Silk Fabric with Dactylopius coccus Costa and Quercus infectoria Olivier </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Yilmaz%20%C5%9Eahinba%C5%9Fkan">Burcu Yilmaz Şahinbaşkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Karada%C4%9F"> Recep Karadağ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Torgan"> Emine Torgan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, many natural dyes are used for colouration of textile materials. The natural dyes are friendly to human health and environment. Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) can be used with other natural dye plants for colouration of silk and wool fabrics. Almost never research works on the dyeing of silk fabric with Dactylopius coccus Costa and Quercus infectoria Olivier together. In this study, dyeability of 100 % silk fabric with Dactylopius coccus Costa and Quercus infectoria Olivier was studied. Optimum dyeing parameters were determined by using different concentration of Dactylopius coccus Costa (10%), Quercus infectoria Olivier (0,1,5 and 10%) and mordant salt (0 and 3%). The dyed silk fabrics were examined for their colorimetric and fastness properties. The fabrics were dyed succesfully dark colours with 10 % Dactylopius coccus Costa, 10 % Quercus infectoria Olivier and presence of mordanting after dyeing process (3% mordant salt). The washing and light colour fastness of the dyed fabrics were investigated and adequate results were obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dactylopius%20coccus%20Costa" title="Dactylopius coccus Costa">Dactylopius coccus Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quercus%20infectoria%20Olivier" title=" Quercus infectoria Olivier"> Quercus infectoria Olivier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dye" title=" natural dye"> natural dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fabric" title=" silk fabric"> silk fabric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25583/dyeability-of-silk-fabric-with-dactylopius-coccus-costa-and-quercus-infectoria-olivier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Hydroxyl Containing Acrylate Monomer Grafted Silk Fabrics by HRP-Catalyzed ATRP Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tieling%20Xing">Tieling Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinqiu%20Yang"> Jinqiu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoqiang%20Chen"> Guoqiang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is environmentally friendly to use horseradish peroxidase (HRP) instead of the traditional transition metal catalyst for the catalyst of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Silk fabrics were successfully grafted with hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer to improve its crease resistance by HRP-catalyzed ATRP method. Taking grafting yield as the evaluation index, single factor tests revealed that the optimum grafting reaction condition was as follow: monomer mass fraction 120-210%(o.w.f), HRP concentration 360-480U/mL, molar ratio of HRP to NaAsc 1:150, reaction temperature 50-60℃, reaction time 24h. Raman spectra showed hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer were successfully grafted on silk fabrics. SEM figures indicated the surface of grafted silk became rougher, and graft copolymer was distributed evenly on the surface of silk fiber. The crease-resistant recovery property of grafted silk fabric was greatly improved, especially in wet crease recovery angle. The result showed hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer can be successfully grafted onto silk fabric based on HRP-catalyzed ATRP method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atom%20transfer%20radical%20polymerization" title="atom transfer radical polymerization">atom transfer radical polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horseradish%20peroxidase" title=" horseradish peroxidase"> horseradish peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyl-containing%20acrylate%20monomer" title=" hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer"> hydroxyl-containing acrylate monomer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89523/preparation-structure-and-properties-of-hydroxyl-containing-acrylate-monomer-grafted-silk-fabrics-by-hrp-catalyzed-atrp-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids from Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) in Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitri%20Ayu">Fitri Ayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia"> Nadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanti"> Tanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putri"> Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatkhan"> Fatkhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasid%20Harlisa"> Pasid Harlisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suparmi"> Suparmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acne is a skin abnormal conditions experienced by many teens, this is caused by various factors such as the climate is hot, humid and excessive sun exposure can aggravate acne because it will lead to excess oil production. Flavonoids form complex compounds against extracellular proteins that disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membrane in a way denature bacterial cell proteins and bacterial cell membrane damage. This study aimed to test the antibacterial activity of corn silk extract with a concentration of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 % and 100 % in vitro by measuring the inhibition of the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis then compared with the standard antibiotic clindamycin. Extracts tested by Disk Diffusion Method, in which the blank disc soaked with their respective corn silk extract concentration for 15-30 minutes and then the medium of bacteria that have been planted with Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis in the given disk that already contains extracts with various concentration. Incubated for 24 hours and then measured the growth inhibition zone Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Corn silk contains flavonoids, is shown by the test of flavonoids in corn silk extract by using a tube heating and without heating. Flavonoid in corn silk potentially as anti acne by inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause acne. Corn silk extract concentration which has the highest antibacterial activity is then performed in a cream formulation and evaluation test of physical and chemical properties of the resulting cream preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title="antibacterial">antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid" title=" flavonoid"> flavonoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20silk" title=" corn silk"> corn silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acne" title=" acne"> acne</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31518/antibacterial-activity-of-flavonoids-from-corn-silk-zea-mays-l-in-propionibacterium-acne-staphylococcus-aureus-and-staphylococcus-epidermidis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Preparation and Characterization of Silk/Diopside Composite Nanofibers via Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Teimouri">Abbas Teimouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Ghorbanian"> Leila Ghorbanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iren%20Dabirian"> Iren Dabirian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focused on preparation and characterizations of silk fibroin (SF)/nanodiopside nanoceramic via electrospinning process. Nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized by combined techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results confirmed that fabricated SF/diopside scaffolds improved cell attachment and proliferation. The results indicated that the electrospun of SF/nanodiopside nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as ideal candidates for tissue engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fibroin" title=" silk fibroin"> silk fibroin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diopside" title=" diopside"> diopside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20scaffold" title=" composite scaffold"> composite scaffold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45720/preparation-and-characterization-of-silkdiopside-composite-nanofibers-via-electrospinning-for-tissue-engineering-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Climate Impact on Spider Mite (Tetranychus Sp. Koch) Infesting Som Plant Leaves (Machilus Bombycina King) and Their Sustainable Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar%20Ghosh">Sunil Kumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Som plant (Machilus bombycina King) is an important plant in agroforestry system. It is cultivated in north -east part of India. It is cultivated in agricultural land by the marginal farmers for multi-storeyed cultivation with intercropping. Localized cottage industries are involved with this plant like sericulture industry (muga silk worm cultivation). Clothes are produced from this sericulture industry. Leaves of som plants are major food of muga silk worm ( Antherea assama ). Nutritional value of leaves plays an important role in the larval growth and silk productivity. The plant also has timber value. The plant is susceptible to mite pest (Tetranychus sp.) causes heavy damage to tender leaves. Lower population was recorded during 7th to 38th standard week, during 3rd week of February to 4th week of September and higher population was during 46th to 51st standard week, during 3rd week of November to 3rd week of December and peak population (6.06/3 leaves) was recorded on 46th standard week that is on 3rd week of November. Correlation studies revealed that mite population had a significant negative correlation with temperature and non-significant positive correlation with relative humidity. This indicates that activity of mites population increase with the rise of relative humidity and decrease with the rise of temperature. Tobacco leaf extracts was found most effective against mite providing 40.51% suppression, closely followed by extracts of Spilanthes (39.06% suppression). Extracts of Garlic and extracts of Polygonum plant gave moderate results, recording about 38.10% and 37.78% mite suppression respectively. The polygonum (Polygonum hydropiper) plant (floral parts), pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) leaves, garlic (Allium sativum), spilanthes (Spilanthes paniculata) (floral parts) were extracted in methanol. Synthetic insecticides contaminate plant leaves with the toxic chemicals. Plant extracts are of biological origin having low or no hazardous effect on health and environment and so can be incorporated in organic cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiotic%20factors" title="Abiotic factors">Abiotic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanical%20extracts" title=" botanical extracts"> botanical extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20cultivation" title=" organic cultivation"> organic cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20industry" title=" silk industry"> silk industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122168/climate-impact-on-spider-mite-tetranychus-sp-koch-infesting-som-plant-leaves-machilus-bombycina-king-and-their-sustainable-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Revival of Old Silk Route and New Maritime Route: An Opportunity for India or Hidden Geopolitics of China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetanjali%20Sharma">Geetanjali Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are always provincial variations which deserve more detailed treatment. Before the arrival of modern era, geography and cultural homogeneity were determining factors of human habitat and migration. Boundaries as if we see them, did not exist earlier. The connectivity of the world was also different as of now. The reinforcement of the old silk route will improve economic cooperation and connectivity between Asian, European and African countries, but obviously, it is designed to improve China’s geopolitical and geostrategic position in the world. The paper is based on the secondary sources of data. Analytical and historical approach has been used to clarify the ties between the old silk routes and new One-Belt-One-Road initiative China. The paper begins with an explanation of the historical background of the old Silk Route, its origin and development, trailed by an analysis of latest declarations by the Chinese leaders to revive it. It also discusses the impacts of this initiative on India’s economy and cultural exchange between associated regions. Lastly, the paper sums up the findings and suggestions for keeping a balance between the security and economic relationship between the countries. It concludes that the silk route is an effort in commencing a ‘grand strategy’ for global trade and cooperation with hidden objectives of China to increase the investment of China in other continents as well. The revival of silk route may prove to be a very helpful in reinforcing cooperation and raising it to a new level of economic establishments. However, China has yet to promote the much-needed political and strategic trust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OBOR%20%28One-Belt-One-Road%29" title="OBOR (One-Belt-One-Road)">OBOR (One-Belt-One-Road)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolitics" title=" geopolitics"> geopolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20relation" title=" economic relation"> economic relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20concerns" title=" security concerns"> security concerns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73504/revival-of-old-silk-route-and-new-maritime-route-an-opportunity-for-india-or-hidden-geopolitics-of-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Cocoon Characterization of Sericigenous Insects in North-East India and Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarali%20Kalita">Tarali Kalita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karabi%20Dutta"> Karabi Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The North Eastern Region of India, with diverse climatic conditions and a wide range of ecological habitats, makes an ideal natural abode for a good number of silk-producing insects. Cocoon is the economically important life stage from where silk of economic importance is obtained. In recent years, silk-based biomaterials have gained considerable attention, which is dependent on the structure and properties of the silkworm cocoons as well as silk yarn. The present investigation deals with the morphological study of cocoons, including cocoon color, cocoon size, shell weight and shell ratio of eleven different species of silk insects collected from different regions of North East India. The Scanning Electron Microscopic study and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to know the arrangement of silk threads in cocoons and the atomic elemental analysis, respectively. Further, collected cocoons were degummed and reeled/spun on a reeling machine or spinning wheel to know the filament length, linear density and tensile strength by using Universal Testing Machine. The study showed significant variation in terms of cocoon color, cocoon shape, cocoon weight and filament packaging. XPS analysis revealed the presence of elements (Mass %) C, N, O, Si and Ca in varying amounts. The wild cocoons showed the presence of Calcium oxalate crystals which makes the cocoons hard and needs further treatment to reel. In the present investigation, the highest percentage of strain (%) and toughness (g/den) were observed in Antheraea assamensis, which implies that the muga silk is a more compact packing of molecules. It is expected that this study will be the basis for further biomimetic studies to design and manufacture artificial fiber composites with novel morphologies and associated material properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoon%20characterization" title="cocoon characterization">cocoon characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=north-east%20India" title=" north-east India"> north-east India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospects" title=" prospects"> prospects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20characterization" title=" silk characterization"> silk characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154033/cocoon-characterization-of-sericigenous-insects-in-north-east-india-and-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Characterization of Natural Polymers for Guided Bone Regeneration Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedetta%20Isella">Benedetta Isella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Drinic"> Aleksander Drinic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alissa%20Heim"> Alissa Heim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20Czichowski"> Phillip Czichowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Lauts"> Lisa Lauts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Leemhuis"> Hans Leemhuis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Membranes for guided bone regeneration are essential to perform a barrier function between the soft and the regenerating bone tissue. Bioabsorbable membranes are desirable in this field as they do not require a secondary surgery for removal, decreasing patient surgical risk. Collagen was the first bioabsorbable alternative introduced on the market, but its degradation time may be too fast to guarantee bone regeneration, and optimisation is needed. Silk fibroin, being biocompatible, slowly bioabsorbable, and processable into different scaffold types, could be a promising alternative. Objectives: The objective is to compare the general performance of a silk fibroin membrane for guided bone regeneration to current collagen alternatives developing suitable standardized tests for the mechanical and morphological characterization. Methods: Silk fibroin and collagen-based membranes were compared from the morphological and chemical perspective, with techniques such as SEM imaging and from the mechanical point of view with techniques such as tensile and suture retention strength (SRS) tests. Results: Silk fibroin revealed a high degree of reproducibility in surface density. The SRS of silk fibroin (0.76 ± 0.04 N), although lower than collagen, was still comparable to native tissues such as the internal mammary artery (0.56 N), and the same can be extended to general mechanical behaviour in tensile tests. The SRS could be increased by an increase in thickness. Conclusion: Silk fibroin is a promising material in the field of guided bone regeneration, covering the interesting position of not being considered a product containing cells or tissues of animal origin from the regulatory perspective and having longer degradation times with respect to collagen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guided%20bone%20regeneration" title="guided bone regeneration">guided bone regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title=" mechanical characterization"> mechanical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fibroin" title=" silk fibroin"> silk fibroin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187400/characterization-of-natural-polymers-for-guided-bone-regeneration-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Revival and Protection of Traditional Jewellery Motifs of Assam (India), over Eri Silk by Innovative Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Sharma">Ratna Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaveri%20Dutta"> Kaveri Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assam (India), the gate way to the Northeast India is mainly known for its exquisite silks, the art and craft. The state has a rich collection of traditional jewellery which is unique and exclusive to the state. These jewelleries hold a special place in the heart of the Assamese women. Similarly handloom industry of Assam is basically silk oriented. Among the wild silk, Eri silk fabric has remained as “the poor man’s silk” but it is closely attached to the assamese society, dress for it's warm quality. In view of the changing market trends, fashion and consumer demands, Silk is emerging as a fashion fabric both in India and abroad. In case of Eri silk fabric it has limited use in clothing and accessories. Hence the restructured and redesigned traditional jewellery motifs of Assam (India) over Eri silk products will have greater potential in reviving the decline of art, generate revenue, self employment towards craftsmen and also recognition of the art. The information incorporated in the paper is primary and the data have been collected by purposive sampling method. This work of art was expressed on Eri silk fabric in the form of traditional hand embroidery as it is closely connected with the era of the individual in history of mankind and reflects the personal expression of an entity. For this study selected traditional motifs of Assamese ornaments was used. Some of the popular traditional Assamese jewellery include earrings with exquisite Lokaparo, Keru, Thuriya, Jangphai, etc. An array of necklaces including Golpata, Satsori, Jon biri, Bena, Gejera, Dhol biri, Doog doogi, Biri Moni, Mukuta Moni, Poalmoni, Silikha Moni and Magardana and diversified rings including Senpata, Horinsakua, Jethinejia, bakharpata and others. Selected two motifs each from necklace, earring and finger ring designs. Selected motifs were further developed into 3 categories- the border, the main motif and all over butta followed by placement of developed patterns on products. Products developed were stoles, scarf’s, purses, brooch pins, skirts for women and ties, handkerchief, jackets for men. The developed products were surveyed by selected respondents. From the present study it can be observed that the embellished traditional jewellery motifs resulted in fresh and colourful pattern on developed Eri silk products. Moreover the motifs which were gradually fading among the community itself showed a very good recognition towards art. The embroidered Eri silk fabric also created a huge change in a positive way among craftsman. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Art%20and%20craft%20of%20Assam" title="Art and craft of Assam">Art and craft of Assam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eri%20silk" title=" eri silk"> eri silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20embroidery" title=" hand embroidery"> hand embroidery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Assamese%20jewellery%20motifs" title=" traditional Assamese jewellery motifs"> traditional Assamese jewellery motifs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29070/revival-and-protection-of-traditional-jewellery-motifs-of-assam-india-over-eri-silk-by-innovative-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">661</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> China’s Health Silk Road in Southeast Asia and Europe during COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanda%20Luen-Wun%20Siu">Wanda Luen-Wun Siu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaowen%20Zhang"> Xiaowen Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an opportune time for China to deploy its health diplomacy around the world. This paper focused on China’s health diplomacy along the path of its Health Silk Road, with particular emphasis on the Middle East and Europe amid COVID-19. This paper employed a retrospective literature review, analyzed China’s health diplomacy in such regions to cultivate bilateral and multilateral relationships. And findings argued that such health diplomacy is a success, and Beijing has assumed a leadership role in the world’s health governance. This research contributes to the literature in health diplomacy and suggests that amid the ever changing international order, China has exerted great effort in its health diplomacy and established itself as a responsible world power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china%E2%80%99s%20health%20silk%20road" title="china’s health silk road">china’s health silk road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=europe" title=" europe"> europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20east" title=" middle east"> middle east</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141912/chinas-health-silk-road-in-southeast-asia-and-europe-during-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Exploring Students’ Self-Evaluation on Their Learning Outcomes through an Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average Reporting Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyani%20Ariffin">Suriyani Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Aziah%20Alias"> Nor Aziah Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman"> Khairil Iskandar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haslinda%20Yusoff"> Haslinda Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average (iCGPA) is a mechanism and strategy to ensure the curriculum of an academic programme is constructively aligned to the expected learning outcomes and student performance based on the attainment of those learning outcomes that is reported objectively in a spider web. Much effort and time has been spent to develop a viable mechanism and trains academics to utilize the platform for reporting. The question is: How well do learners conceive the idea of their achievement via iCGPA and whether quality learner attributes have been nurtured through the iCGPA mechanism? This paper presents the architecture of an integrated CGPA mechanism purported to address a holistic evaluation from the evaluation of courses learning outcomes to aligned programme learning outcomes attainment. The paper then discusses the students’ understanding of the mechanism and evaluation of their achievement from the generated spider web. A set of questionnaires were distributed to a group of students with iCGPA reporting and frequency analysis was used to compare the perspectives of students on their performance. In addition, the questionnaire also explored how they conceive the idea of an integrated, holistic reporting and how it generates their motivation to improve. The iCGPA group was found to be receptive to what they have achieved throughout their study period. They agreed that the achievement level generated from their spider web allows them to develop intervention and enhance the programme learning outcomes before they graduate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcomes%20attainment" title="learning outcomes attainment">learning outcomes attainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iCGPA" title=" iCGPA"> iCGPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20learning%20outcomes" title=" programme learning outcomes"> programme learning outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20web" title=" spider web"> spider web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iCGPA%20reporting%20skills" title=" iCGPA reporting skills"> iCGPA reporting skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78843/exploring-students-self-evaluation-on-their-learning-outcomes-through-an-integrated-cumulative-grade-point-average-reporting-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Traditional Dyeing of Silk with Natural Dyes by Eco-Friendly Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samera%20Salimpour%20Abkenar">Samera Salimpour Abkenar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In traditional dyeing of natural fibers with natural dyes, metal salts are commonly used to increase color stability. This method always carries the risk of environmental pollution (contamination of arable soils and fresh groundwater) due to the release of dyeing effluents containing large amounts of metal. Therefore, researchers are always looking for new methods to obtain a green dyeing system. In this research, the use of the enzymatic dyeing method to prevent environmental pollution with metals and reduce production costs has been proposed. After degumming and bleaching, raw silk fabrics were dyed with natural dyes (Madder and Sumac) by three methods (pre-mordanting with a metal salt, one-step enzymatic dyeing, and two-step enzymatic dyeing). Results show that silk dyed with natural dyes by the enzymatic method has higher color strength and colorfastness than the pretreated with a metal salt. Also, the amount of remained dyes in the dyeing wastewater is significantly reduced by the enzymatic method. It is found that the enzymatic dyeing method leads to improvement of dye absorption, color strength, soft hand, no change in color shade, low production costs (due to low dyeing temperature), and a significant reduction in environmental pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly" title="eco-friendly">eco-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk" title=" silk"> silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20dyeing" title=" traditional dyeing"> traditional dyeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135825/traditional-dyeing-of-silk-with-natural-dyes-by-eco-friendly-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Extraction of Dye from Coconut Husk and Its Application on Wool and Silk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepali%20Rastogi">Deepali Rastogi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural dyes are considered to be eco-friendly as they cause no pollution and are safe to use. With the growing interest in natural dyes, new sources of natural dyes are being explored. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is native to tropical eastern region. It is abundantly available in Asia, Africa and South America. While coconut has tremendous commercial value in food, oil, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, the most important use of coconut husk has been as coir which is used for making mats, ropes, etc. In the present study an attempt has been made to extract dye from the coconut husk and study its application on wool and silk. Dye was extracted from coconut husk in an aqueous medium at three different pH. The coconut husk fibres were boiled in water at different pH of 4, 7 and 9 for one hour. On visual inspection of the extracted dye solution, maximum colour was found to be extracted at pH 9. The solution was obtained in neutral medium whereas, no dye was extracted in acidic medium. Therefore, alkaline medium at pH 9 was selected for the extraction of dye from coconut husk. The extracted dye was applied on wool and silk at three different pH, viz., 4, 7 and 9. The effect of pre- and post- mordanting with alum and ferrous sulphate on the colour value of coconut husk dye was also studied. The L*a*b*/L*c*h* values were measured to see the effect of the mordants on the colour values of all the dyed and mordanted samples. Bright golden brown to dark brown colours were obtained at pH 4 on both wool and silk. The colour yield was not very good at pH 7 and 9. Mordanting with alum resulted in darker and brighter shades of brown, whereas mordanting with ferrous sulphate resulted in darker and duller shades. All the samples were tested for colourfastness to light, rubbing, washing and perspiration. Both wool and silk dyed with dye extracted from coconut husk exhibited good to excellent wash, rub and perspiration fastness. Fastness to light was moderate to good. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20husk" title="coconut husk">coconut husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wool" title=" wool"> wool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk" title=" silk"> silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dye" title=" natural dye"> natural dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mordants" title=" mordants"> mordants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124938/extraction-of-dye-from-coconut-husk-and-its-application-on-wool-and-silk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Development of Solar Energy Resources for Land along the Transportation Infrastructure: Taking the Lan-Xin Railway in the Silk Road Economic Belt as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Han">Dan Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yukun%20Zhang"> Yukun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zheng"> Jie Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Zhang"> Rui Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Making full use of space along transportation infrastructure to develop renewable energy sources, especially solar energy resources, has become a research focus in relevant fields. In recent years, relevant international researches can be classified into three stages of theoretical and technical exploration, exploratory practice as well as planning implementation. Compared with traditional solar energy development mode, the development of solar energy resources in places along the transportation infrastructure has special advantages, which can also bring forth new opportunities for the development of green transportation. 'Road Integrated Photovoltaic', a development model of combining transport and new energy, has been actively studied and applied in developed countries, but it was still in its infancy in China. 'New Silk Road Economic Belt' has great advantage to carry out the 'Road Integrated Photovoltaic' because of the rich solar energy resources in its path, the shortages of renewable energy, the constraints of agricultural land and other reasons. Especially the massive amount of construction of transportation infrastructure brought by Silk Road Economic Belt, large area of developable land along the transportation line will be generated. Abundant solar energy recourses along the Silk Road will provide extremely superb practical opportunities to the land development along transportation infrastructure. We take PVsyst, GIS and Google map software for simulation of its potential by taking Lan-Xin Railway as an example, so potential electrical energy generation can be quantified and further analyzed. Research of 'New Silk Road Economic Belt' combined with 'Road Integrated Photovoltaic' is a creative development for the along transport and energy infrastructure. It not only can make full use of solar radiation and land in its path, but also bring more long-term advantages and benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title="land use">land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20road%20economic%20belt" title=" silk road economic belt"> silk road economic belt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20infrastructure" title=" transportation infrastructure"> transportation infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81065/development-of-solar-energy-resources-for-land-along-the-transportation-infrastructure-taking-the-lan-xin-railway-in-the-silk-road-economic-belt-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Electrospinning and Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Gelatin Nanofibre Mats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammadzadehmoghadam">S. Mohammadzadehmoghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Dong"> Y. Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Bombyx mori silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/GT) nanocomposite with different GT ratio (SF/GT 100/0, 90/10 and 70/30) were prepared by electrospinning process and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor. Properties of crosslinked SF/GT nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical test, water uptake capacity (WUC) and porosity. From SEM images, it was found that fiber diameter increased as GT content increased. The results of mechanical test indicated that the SF/GT 70/30 nanocomposites had both the highest Young’s modulus of 342 MPa and the highest tensile strength of about 14 MPa. However, porosity and WUC decreased from 62% and 405% for pristine SF to 47% and 232% for SF/GT 70/30, respectively. This behavior can be related to higher degree of crosslinking as GT ratio increased which altered the structure and physical properties of scaffolds. This study showed that incorporation of GT into SF nanofibers can enhance mechanical properties of resultant nanocomposite, but the GA treatment should be optimized to control and fine-tune other properties to warrant their biomedical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fibroin" title=" silk fibroin"> silk fibroin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94169/electrospinning-and-characterization-of-silk-fibroingelatin-nanofibre-mats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supanitayanon%20Lalita">Supanitayanon Lalita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechkunakorn%20Surachai"> Dechkunakorn Surachai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuwongnukroh%20Niwat"> Anuwongnukroh Niwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikhirin%20Toemsak"> Srikhirin Toemsak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roongrujimek%20Pitchaya"> Roongrujimek Pitchaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tua-Ngam%20Peerapong"> Tua-Ngam Peerapong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To compare maximum load, percentage of elongation, physical characteristics of 4 types of dental floss: (1) Thai Silk Floss (silk, waxed), (2) Oral B® Essential Floss (nylon, waxed), (3) Experimental Floss Xu (nylon, unwaxed), (4) Experimental Floss Xw (nylon, waxed). Materials & method: Four types of floss were tested (n=30) with a Universal Testing Machine (Instron®). Each sample (30 cm long, 5 cm segment) was fixed, and pulled apart with load cell of 100 N and a test speed of 100 mm/min. Physical characteristics were investigated by digital microscope under 2.5×10 magnification, and scanning electron microscope under 1×100 and 5×100 magnification. The size of the filaments was measured in micron (μm) and the fineness were measured in Denier. Statistical analysis: For mechanical properties, the maximum load and the percentage of elongation were presented as mean ± SD. The distribution of the data was calculated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Tukey HSD) were used to analyze the differences among the groups with the level of a statistical difference at p < 0.05. Results: The maximum load of Floss Xu, Floss Xw, Oral B and Thai Silk were 47.39, 46.46, 25.38, and 23.70 N, respectively. The percentage of elongation of Oral B, Floss Xw, Floss Xu and Thai Silk were 72.43, 44.62, 31.25, and 16.44%, respectively. All 4 types of dental floss showed statistically differences in both the maximum load and percentage of elongation at p < 0.05, except for maximum load between Floss Xw and Floss Xu that showed no statistically significant difference. Physical characteristics of Thai silk revealed the most disintegrated, the smallest, and the least fine filaments. Conclusion: Floss Xu had the highest maximum load. Oral B had the highest percentage of elongation. Wax coating on Floss X increased the elongation but had no significant effect on the maximum load. The physical characteristics of Thai Silk resulted in the lowest mechanical properties values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20floss" title="dental floss">dental floss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20load" title=" maximum load"> maximum load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20property" title=" mechanical property"> mechanical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percentage%20of%20elongation" title=" percentage of elongation"> percentage of elongation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20property" title=" physical property"> physical property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50248/mechanical-and-physical-properties-of-various-types-of-dental-floss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Mesoporous Tussah Silk Fibroin Microspheres for Drug Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weitao%20Zhou">Weitao Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Wang"> Qing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianxin%20He"> Jianxin He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shizhong%20Cui"> Shizhong Cui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mesoporous Tussah silk fibroin (TSF) spheres were fabricated via the self-assembly of TSF molecules in aqueous solutions. The results showed that TSF particles were approximately three-dimensional spheres with the diameter ranging from 500nm to 6μm without adherence. More importantly, the surface morphology is mesoporous structure with nano-pores of 20nm - 200nm in size. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated that mesoporous TSF spheres mainly contained beta-sheet conformation (44.1 %) as well as slight amounts of random coil (13.2 %). Drug release test was performed with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug and the result indicated the mesoporous TSF microspheres had a good capacity of sustained drug release. It is expected that these stable and high-crystallinity mesoporous TSF sphere produced without organic solvents, which have significantly improved drug release properties, is a very promising material for controlled gene medicines delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tussah%20silk%20fibroin" title="Tussah silk fibroin">Tussah silk fibroin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20materials" title=" porous materials"> porous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsphere" title=" microsphere"> microsphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release" title=" drug release"> drug release</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69674/mesoporous-tussah-silk-fibroin-microspheres-for-drug-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Utilization of Silk Waste as Fishmeal Replacement: Growth Performance of Cyprinus carpio Juveniles Fed with Bombyx mori Pupae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goksen%20Capar">Goksen Capar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Dogankaya"> Levent Dogankaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the circular economy model, resource productivity should be maximized and wastes should be reduced. Since earth’s natural resources are continuously depleted, resource recovery has gained great interest in recent years. As part of our research study on the recovery and reuse of silk wastes, this paper focuses on the utilization of silkworm pupae as fishmeal replacement, which would replace the original fishmeal raw material, namely the fish itself. This, in turn, would contribute to sustainable management of wild fish resources. Silk fibre is secreted by the silkworm Bombyx mori in order to construct a 'room' for itself during its transformation process from pupae to an adult moth. When the cocoons are boiled in hot water, silk fibre becomes loose and the silk yarn is produced by combining thin silk fibres. The remaining wastes are 1) sericin protein, which is dissolved in water, 2) remaining part of cocoon, including the dead body of B. mori pupae. In this study, an eight weeks trial was carried out to determine the growth performance of common carp juveniles fed with waste silkworm pupae meal (SWPM) as a replacement for fishmeal (FM). Four isonitrogenous diets (40% CP) were prepared replacing 0%, 33%, 50%, and 100% of the dietary FM with non-defatted silkworm pupae meal as a dietary protein source for experiments in C. carpio. Triplicate groups comprising of 20 fish (0.92±0.29 g) were fed twice/day with one of the four diets. Over a period of 8 weeks, results showed that the diet containing 50% of its protein from SWPM had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) growth rates in all groups. The increasing levels of SWPM were resulted in a decrease in growth performance and significantly lower growth (p ≤ 0.05) was observed with diets having 100% SWPM. The study demonstrates that it is practical to replace 50% of the FM protein with SWPM with a significantly better utilization of the diet but higher SWPM levels are not recommended for juvenile carp. Further experiments are under study to have more detailed results on the possible effects of this alternative diet on the growth performance of juvenile carp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bombyx%20mori" title="Bombyx mori">Bombyx mori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyprinus%20carpio" title=" Cyprinus carpio"> Cyprinus carpio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20meal" title=" fish meal"> fish meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk" title=" silk"> silk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20pupae" title=" waste pupae"> waste pupae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87919/utilization-of-silk-waste-as-fishmeal-replacement-growth-performance-of-cyprinus-carpio-juveniles-fed-with-bombyx-mori-pupae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Development of 3D Printed Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Reconstruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Sai%20Ramya%20Bojedla">Sri Sai Ramya Bojedla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falguni%20Pati"> Falguni Pati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nature provides the best of solutions to humans. One such incredible gift to regenerative medicine is silk. The literature has publicized a long appreciation for silk owing to its incredible physical and biological assets. Its bioactive nature, unique mechanical strength, and processing flexibility make us curious to explore further to apply it in the clinics for the welfare of mankind. In this study, Antheraea mylitta and Bombyx mori silk fibroin microfibers are developed by two economical and straightforward steps via degumming and hydrolysis for the first time, and a bioactive composite is manufactured by mixing silk fibroin microfibers at various concentrations with polycaprolactone (PCL), a biocompatible, aliphatic semi-crystalline synthetic polymer. Reconstructive surgery in any part of the body except for the maxillofacial region deals with replacing its function. But answering both the aesthetics and function is of utmost importance when it comes to facial reconstruction as it plays a critical role in the psychological and social well-being of the patient. The main concern in developing adequate bone graft substitutes or a scaffold is the noteworthy variation in each patient's bone anatomy. Additionally, the anatomical shape and size will vary based on the type of defect. The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing techniques to bone tissue engineering has facilitated overcoming many of the restraints of conventional fabrication techniques. The acquired patient's CT data is converted into a stereolithographic (STL)-file which is further utilized by the 3D printer to create a 3D scaffold structure in an interconnected layer-by-layer fashion. This study aims to address the limitations of currently available materials and fabrication technologies and develop a customized biomaterial implant via 3D printing technology to reconstruct complex form, function, and aesthetics of the facial anatomy. These composite scaffolds underwent structural and mechanical characterization. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) images showed the uniform dispersion of the silk fibroin microfibers in the PCL matrix. With the addition of silk, there is improvement in the compressive strength of the hybrid scaffolds. The scaffolds with Antheraea mylitta silk revealed higher compressive modulus than that of Bombyx mori silk. The above results of PCL-silk scaffolds strongly recommend their utilization in bone regenerative applications. Successful completion of this research will provide a great weapon in the maxillofacial reconstructive armamentarium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20modulus" title="compressive modulus">compressive modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20printing" title=" 3d printing"> 3d printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20reconstruction" title=" maxillofacial reconstruction"> maxillofacial reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fiber%20reinforced%20composites" title=" natural fiber reinforced composites"> natural fiber reinforced composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silk%20fibroin%20microfibers" title=" silk fibroin microfibers"> silk fibroin microfibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142878/development-of-3d-printed-natural-fiber-reinforced-composite-scaffolds-for-maxillofacial-reconstruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20silk&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider%20silk&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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