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collisions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vehicular collisions"> <meta name="keywords" content="vehicular collisions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vehicular collisions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 237</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vehicular collisions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Driver Behavior Analysis and Inter-Vehicular Collision Simulation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Zhao">Lu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Farhi"> Nadir Farhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoi%20Christoforou"> Zoi Christoforou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Haddadou"> Nadia Haddadou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The safety test of deploying intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) on the road network is a critical challenge. Road traffic network simulation can be used to test the functionality of ICVs, which is not only time-saving and less energy-consuming but also can create scenarios with car collisions. However, the relationship between different human driver behaviors and the car-collision occurrences has been not understood clearly; meanwhile, the procedure of car-collisions generation in the traffic numerical simulators is not fully integrated. In this paper, we propose an approach to identify specific driver profiles from real driven data; then, we replicate them in numerical traffic simulations with the purpose of generating inter-vehicular collisions. We proposed three profiles: (i) 'aggressive': short time-headway, (ii) 'inattentive': long reaction time, and (iii) 'normal' with intermediate values of reaction time and time-headway. These three driver profiles are extracted from the NGSIM dataset and simulated using the intelligent driver model (IDM), with an extension of reaction time. At last, the generation of inter-vehicular collisions is performed by varying the percentages of different profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20collisions" title="vehicular collisions">vehicular collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20driving%20behavior" title=" human driving behavior"> human driving behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20modeling" title=" traffic modeling"> traffic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car-following%20models" title=" car-following models"> car-following models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20traffic%20simulation" title=" microscopic traffic simulation"> microscopic traffic simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139723/driver-behavior-analysis-and-inter-vehicular-collision-simulation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> VCloud: A Security Framework for VANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiseborn%20Manfe%20Danquah">Wiseborn Manfe Danquah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Turgay%20Altilar"> D. Turgay Altilar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an integral component of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) that has enjoyed a lot of attention from the research community and the automotive industry. This is mainly due to the opportunities and challenges it presents. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network being a class of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) has all the security concerns existing in traditional MANET as well as new security and privacy concerns introduced by the unique vehicular communication environment. This paper provides a survey of the possible attacks in vehicular environment, as well as security and privacy concerns in VANET. It also provides an insight into the development of a comprehensive cloud framework to provide a more robust and secured communication among vehicular nodes and road side units. Our proposal, a Metropolitan Based Public Interconnected Vehicular Cloud (MIVC) infrastructure seeks to provide a more reliable and secured vehicular communication network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20Ad-hoc%20networks" title="mobile Ad-hoc networks">mobile Ad-hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad%20hoc%20network" title=" vehicular ad hoc network"> vehicular ad hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud" title=" cloud"> cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20side%20units%20%28RSU%29" title=" road side units (RSU)"> road side units (RSU)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan%20interconnected%20vehicular%20cloud%20%28MIVC%29" title=" metropolitan interconnected vehicular cloud (MIVC)"> metropolitan interconnected vehicular cloud (MIVC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15273/vcloud-a-security-framework-for-vanet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> A 5G Architecture Based to Dynamic Vehicular Clustering Enhancing VoD Services Over Vehicular Ad hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamaa%20Sellami">Lamaa Sellami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bechir%20Alaya"> Bechir Alaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, video-on-demand (VoD) applications are becoming one of the tendencies driving vehicular network users. In this paper, considering the unpredictable vehicle density, the unexpected acceleration or deceleration of the different cars included in the vehicular traffic load, and the limited radio range of the employed communication scheme, we introduce the “Dynamic Vehicular Clustering” (DVC) algorithm as a new scheme for video streaming systems over VANET. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the concept of small cells and the introduction of wireless backhauls, inspired by the different features and the performance of the Long Term Evolution (LTE)- Advanced network. The proposed clustering algorithm considers multiple characteristics such as the vehicle’s position and acceleration to reduce latency and packet loss. Therefore, each cluster is counted as a small cell containing vehicular nodes and an access point that is elected regarding some particular specifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video-on-demand" title="video-on-demand">video-on-demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20network" title=" vehicular ad-hoc network"> vehicular ad-hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20traffic%20load" title=" vehicular traffic load"> vehicular traffic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell" title=" small cell"> small cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20backhaul" title=" wireless backhaul"> wireless backhaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE-advanced" title=" LTE-advanced"> LTE-advanced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latency" title=" latency"> latency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packet%20loss" title=" packet loss"> packet loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143145/a-5g-architecture-based-to-dynamic-vehicular-clustering-enhancing-vod-services-over-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Modelling the Effect of Physical Environment Factors on Child Pedestrian Severity Collisions in Malaysia: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20N.%20Borhan">Muhamad N. Borhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20S.%20Darus"> Nur S. Darus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Z.%20Ishak"> Siti Z. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozmi%20Ismail"> Rozmi Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20F.%20M.%20Razali"> Siti F. M. Razali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children are at the greater risk to be involved in road traffic collisions due to the complex interaction of various elements in our transportation system. It encompasses interactions between the elements of children and driver behavior along with physical and social environment factors. The present study examined the effect between the collisions severity and physical environment factors on child pedestrian collisions. The severity of collisions is categorized into four injury outcomes: fatal, serious injury, slight injury, and damage. The sample size comprised of 2487 cases of child pedestrian-vehicle collisions in which children aged 7 to 12 years old was involved in Malaysia for the years 2006-2015. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to establish the effect between severity levels and physical environment factors. The results showed that eight contributing factors influence the probability of an injury road surface material, traffic system, road marking, control type, lighting condition, type of location, land use and road surface condition. Understanding the effect of physical environment factors may contribute to the improvement of physical environment design and decrease the collision involvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20pedestrian" title="child pedestrian">child pedestrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collisions" title=" collisions"> collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20injuries" title=" road injuries"> road injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329/modelling-the-effect-of-physical-environment-factors-on-child-pedestrian-severity-collisions-in-malaysia-a-multinomial-logistic-regression-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Experimental Measurement for Vehicular Communication Evaluation Using Obu Arada System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Sassi">Aymen Sassi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The equipment of vehicles with wireless communication capabilities is expected to be the key to the evolution to next generation intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The IEEE community has been continuously working on the development of an efficient vehicular communication protocol for the enhancement of Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). Vehicular communication systems, called V2X, support vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. The efficiency of such communication systems depends on several factors, among which the surrounding environment and mobility are prominent. Accordingly, this study focuses on the evaluation of the real performance of vehicular communication with special focus on the effects of the real environment and mobility on V2X communication. It starts by identifying the real maximum range that such communication can support and then evaluates V2I and V2V performances. The Arada LocoMate OBU transmission system was used to test and evaluate the impact of the transmission range in V2X communication. The evaluation of V2I and V2V communication takes the real effects of low and high mobility on transmission into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%20802.11p" title="IEEE 802.11p">IEEE 802.11p</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2I" title=" V2I"> V2I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2X" title=" V2X"> V2X</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLR" title=" PLR"> PLR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arada%20LocoMate%20OBU" title=" Arada LocoMate OBU"> Arada LocoMate OBU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20range" title=" maximum range"> maximum range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27556/experimental-measurement-for-vehicular-communication-evaluation-using-obu-arada-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Vehicular Emission Estimation of Islamabad by Using Copert-5 Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jahanzaib">Muhammad Jahanzaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Z.%20A.%20Khan"> Muhammad Z. A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20Khayyam"> Junaid Khayyam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan with the population of 1.365 million people and with a vehicular fleet size of 0.75 million. The vehicular fleet size is growing annually by the rate of 11%. Vehicular emissions are major source of Black carbon (BC). In developing countries like Pakistan, most of the vehicles consume conventional fuels like Petrol, Diesel, and CNG. These fuels are the major emitters of pollutants like CO, CO2, NOx, CH4, VOCs, and particulate matter (PM10). Carbon dioxide and methane are the leading contributor to the global warming with a global share of 9-26% and 4-9% respectively. NOx is the precursor of nitrates which ultimately form aerosols that are noxious to human health. In this study, COPERT (Computer program to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport) was used for vehicular emission estimation in Islamabad. COPERT is a windows based program which is developed for the calculation of emissions from the road transport sector. The emissions were calculated for the year of 2016 include pollutants like CO, NOx, VOC, and PM and energy consumption. The different variable was input to the model for emission estimation including meteorological parameters, average vehicular trip length and respective time duration, fleet configuration, activity data, degradation factor, and fuel effect. The estimated emissions for CO, CH4, CO2, NOx, and PM10 were found to be 9814.2, 44.9, 279196.7, 3744.2 and 304.5 tons respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COPERT%20Model" title="COPERT Model">COPERT Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20estimation" title=" emission estimation"> emission estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM10" title=" PM10"> PM10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emission" title=" vehicular emission"> vehicular emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77778/vehicular-emission-estimation-of-islamabad-by-using-copert-5-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> PIN-Diode Based Slotted Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna Array for Vehicular Communication </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Upadhyay">Gaurav Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20Kishore"> Nand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Ranjan"> Prashant Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Tripathi"> Shivesh Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Tripathi"> V. S. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a patch antenna array design is proposed for vehicular communication. The antenna consists of 2-element patch array. The antenna array is operating at multiple frequency bands. The multiband operation is achieved by use of slots at proper locations at the patch. The array is made reconfigurable by use of two PIN-diodes. The antenna is simulated and measured in four states of diodes i.e. ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. In ON-ON state of diodes, the resonant frequencies are 4.62-4.96, 6.50-6.75, 6.90-7.01, 7.34-8.22, 8.89-9.09 GHz. In ON-OFF state of diodes, the measured resonant frequencies are 4.63-4.93, 6.50-6.70 and 7.81-7.91 GHz. In OFF-ON states of diodes the resonant frequencies are 1.24-1.46, 3.40-3.75, 5.07-5.25 and 6.90-7.20 GHz and in the OFF-OFF state of diodes 4.49-4.75 and 5.61-5.98 GHz. The maximum bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 16.29%. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.4 dB at 5.9 GHz, which makes it suitable for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array" title=" array"> array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular" title=" vehicular"> vehicular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090/pin-diode-based-slotted-reconfigurable-multiband-antenna-array-for-vehicular-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> ECO ROADS: A Solution to the Vehicular Pollution on Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20Garg">Harshit Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakshi%20Gupta"> Shakshi Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major problems in today’s world is the growing pollution. The cause for all environmental problems is the increasing pollution rate. Looking upon the statistics, one can find out that most of the pollution is caused by the vehicular pollution which is more than 70 % of the total pollution, effecting the environment as well as human health proportionally. One is aware of the fact that vehicles run on roads so why not having the roads which could adsorb that pollution, not only once but a number of times. Every problem has a solution which can be solved by the state of art of technology, that is one can use the innovative ideas and thoughts to make technology as a solution to the problem of vehicular pollution on roads. Solving the problem up to a certain limit/ percentage can be formulated into a new term called ECO ROADS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roads" title=" roads"> roads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainibility" title=" sustainibility"> sustainibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35026/eco-roads-a-solution-to-the-vehicular-pollution-on-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> Assessment and Prediction of Vehicular Emissions in Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City at Various Policy and Technology Scenarios Using Simple Interactive Model (SIM-Air)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ria%20M.%20Caramoan">Ria M. Caramoan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analiza%20P.%20Rollon"> Analiza P. Rollon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl%20N.%20Vergel"> Karl N. Vergel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Simple Interactive Models for Better Air Quality (SIM-air) is an integrated approach model that allows the available information to support the integrated urban air quality management. This study utilized the vehicular air pollution information system module of SIM-air for the assessment of vehicular emissions in Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines. The main objective of the study is to assess and predict the contribution of different types of vehicles to the vehicular emissions in terms of PM₁₀, SOₓ, and NOₓ at different policy and technology scenarios. For the base year 2017, the results show vehicular emissions of 735.46 tons of PM₁₀, 108.90 tons of SOₓ, and 2,101.11 tons of NOₓ. Motorcycle is the major source of particulates contributing about 52% of the PM₁₀ emissions. Meanwhile, Public Utility Jeepneys contribute 27% of SOₓ emissions and private cars using gasoline contribute 39% of NOₓ emissions. Ambient air quality monitoring was also conducted in the study area for the standard parameters of PM₁₀, S0₂, and NO₂. Results show an average of 88.11 µg/Ncm, 47.41 µg/Ncm and 22.54 µg/Ncm for PM₁₀, N0₂, and SO₂, respectively, all were within the DENR National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values. Future emissions of PM₁₀, NOₓ, and SOₓ are estimated at different scenarios. Results show that in the year 2030, PM₁₀ emissions will be increased by 186.2%. NOₓ emissions and SOₓ emissions will also be increased by 38.9% and 5.5%, without the implementation of the scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20air%20quality" title="ambient air quality">ambient air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions%20inventory" title=" emissions inventory"> emissions inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20air%20pollution" title=" mobile air pollution"> mobile air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emissions" title=" vehicular emissions"> vehicular emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111215/assessment-and-prediction-of-vehicular-emissions-in-commonwealth-avenue-quezon-city-at-various-policy-and-technology-scenarios-using-simple-interactive-model-sim-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Effect of On-Road Vehicular Traffic on Noise Pollution in Bhubaneswar City, Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dudam%20Bharath%20Kumar">Dudam Bharath Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20Kumar"> Harsh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmed"> Naveed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular traffic on the road-side plays a significant role in affecting the noise pollution in most of the cities over the world. To assess the correlation of the road-traffic on noise pollution in the city environment, continuous measurements were carried out in an entire daytime starting from 8:00 AM IST to 6:00 PM IST at a single point for each 5 minutes (8:00-8:05, 9:00-9:05, 10:00-10:05 AM, ...) near the KIIT University campus road. Noise levels were observed using a mobile operated app of android cell phone and a handheld noise meter. Calibration analysis shows high correlation about 0.89 for the study location for the day time period. Results show diurnal variability of atmospheric noise pollution levels go hand-in and with the vehicular number which pass through a point of observation. The range of noise pollution levels in the daytime period is observed as 55 to 75 dB(A). As a day starts, sudden upsurge of noise levels is observed from 65 to 71 dB(A) in the early morning, 64 dB(A) in late morning, regains the same quantity 68-71 dB(A) in the afternoon, and rises 70 dB(A) in the early evening. Vehicular number of the corresponding noise levels exhibits 115-120, 150-160, and 140-160, respectively. However, this preliminary study suggests the importance of vehicular traffic on noise pollution levels in the urban environment and further to study population exposed to noise levels. Innovative approaches help curb the noise pollution through modelling the traffic noise pollution spatially and temporally over the city environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20pollution" title="noise pollution">noise pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20traffic" title=" vehicular traffic"> vehicular traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20meter" title=" noise meter"> noise meter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85094/effect-of-on-road-vehicular-traffic-on-noise-pollution-in-bhubaneswar-city-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> VANETs Geographic Routing Protocols: A survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Karimi">Ramin Karimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of common highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks is Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Hence routing in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has attracted much attention during the last few years. VANET is characterized by its high mobility of nodes and specific topology patterns. Moreover these networks encounter a significant loss rate and a very short duration of communication. In vehicular ad hoc networks, one of challenging is routing of data due to high speed mobility and changing topology of vehicles. Geographic routing protocols are becoming popular due to advancement and availability of GPS devices. Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a class of networks that enable communication where connectivity issues like sparse connectivity, intermittent connectivity; high latency, long delay, high error rates, asymmetric data rate, and even no end-to-end connectivity exist. In this paper, we review the existing Geographic Routing Protocols for VANETs and also provide a qualitative comparison of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad%20hoc%20networks" title="vehicular ad hoc networks">vehicular ad hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20routing" title=" geographic routing"> geographic routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay%20tolerant%20networks" title=" delay tolerant networks"> delay tolerant networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34821/vanets-geographic-routing-protocols-a-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Comparative Study of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks for Smart City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Raissi">Khadija Raissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bechir%20Ben%20Gouissem"> Bechir Ben Gouissem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we perform the investigation of some routing protocols in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) context. Indeed, we study the efficiency of protocols like Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing convention (OLSR) and Vehicular Multi-hop algorithm for Stable Clustering (VMASC) in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput. The performance evaluation and comparison between the studied protocols shows that the VMASC is the best protocols regarding fast data transmission and link stability in VANETs. The validation of all results is done by the NS3 simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title="VANET">VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR" title=" OLSR"> OLSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title=" DSR"> DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR" title=" OLSR"> OLSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VMASC" title=" VMASC"> VMASC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing%20protocols" title=" routing protocols"> routing protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NS3" title=" NS3"> NS3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81898/comparative-study-of-ad-hoc-routing-protocols-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-for-smart-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Economized Sensor Data Processing with Vehicle Platooning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Hexmoor">Henry Hexmoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kailash%20Yelasani"> Kailash Yelasani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present vehicular platooning as a special case of <em>crowd-sensing framework</em> where sharing sensory information among a crowd is used for their collective benefit. After offering an abstract policy that governs processes involving a vehicular platoon, we review several common scenarios and components surrounding vehicular platooning. We then present a simulated prototype that illustrates efficiency of road usage and vehicle travel time derived from platooning. We have argued that one of the paramount benefits of platooning that is overlooked elsewhere, is the substantial computational savings (i.e., economizing benefits) in acquisition and processing of sensory data among vehicles sharing the road. The most capable vehicle can share data gathered from its sensors with nearby vehicles grouped into a platoon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20network" title="cloud network">cloud network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title=" collaboration"> collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network" title=" social network"> social network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86306/economized-sensor-data-processing-with-vehicle-platooning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> A Multilevel Authentication Protocol: MAP in VANET for Human Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Meddeb">N. Meddeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Makhlouf"> A. M. Makhlouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ben%20Ayed"> M. A. Ben Ayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the real-time requirement of message in Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET), it is necessary to authenticate vehicles to achieve security, efficiency, and conditional privacy-preserving. Privacy is of utmost relevance in VANETs. For this reason, we have proposed a new protocol called ‘Multilevel Authentication Protocol’ (MAP) that considers different vehicle categories. The proposed protocol is based on our Multilevel Authentication protocol for Vehicular networks (MAVnet). But the MAP leads to human safety, where the priority is given to the ambulance vehicles. For evaluation, we used the Java language to develop a demo application and deployed it on the Network Security Simulation (Nessi2). Compared with existing authentication protocols, MAP markedly enhance the communication overhead and decreases the delay of exchanging messages while preserving conditional privacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vehicular%20Ad%20hoc%20NETworks%20%28VANET%29" title="Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET)">Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20categories" title=" vehicle categories"> vehicle categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=databases" title=" databases"> databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title=" delay"> delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87440/a-multilevel-authentication-protocol-map-in-vanet-for-human-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> An Enhanced Connectivity Aware Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadu%20Maidorawa">Ahmadu Maidorawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamalrulnizam%20Abu%20Bakar"> Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed an Enhanced Connectivity Aware Routing (ECAR) protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The protocol uses a control broadcast to reduce the number of overhead packets needed in a route discovery process. It is also equipped with an alternative backup route that is used whenever a primary path to destination failed, which highly reduces the frequent launching and re-launching of the route discovery process that waste useful bandwidth and unnecessarily prolonging the average packet delay. NS2 simulation results show that the performance of ECAR protocol outperformed the original connectivity aware routing (CAR) protocol by reducing the average packet delay by 28%, control overheads by 27% and increased the packet delivery ratio by 22%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20path" title="alternative path">alternative path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20path" title=" primary path"> primary path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protocol" title=" protocol"> protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad%20hoc%20networks" title=" vehicular ad hoc networks"> vehicular ad hoc networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15880/an-enhanced-connectivity-aware-routing-protocol-for-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Heavy Vehicles Crash Injury Severity at T-Intersections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivanandan%20Balakrishnan">Sivanandan Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Tay"> Richard Tay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy vehicles make a significant contribution to many developed economies, including Australia, because they are a major means of transporting goods within these countries. With the increase in road freight, there will be an increase in the heavy vehicle traffic proportion, and consequently, an increase in the possibility of collisions involving heavy vehicles. Crashes involving heavy vehicles are a major road safety concern because of the higher likelihood of fatal and serious injury, especially to any small vehicle occupant involved. The primary objective of this research is to identify the factors influencing injury severity to occupants in vehicle collisions involving heavy vehicle at T- intersection using a binary logit model in Victoria, Australia. Our results show that the factors influencing injury severity include occupants' gender, age and restraint use. Also, vehicles' type, movement, point-of-impact and damage, time-of-day, day-of-week and season, higher percentage of trucks in traffic volume, hit pedestrians, number of occupants involved and type of collisions are associated with severe injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20logit%20model" title="binary logit model">binary logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20vehicle" title=" heavy vehicle"> heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20severity" title=" injury severity"> injury severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-intersections" title=" T-intersections"> T-intersections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61455/heavy-vehicles-crash-injury-severity-at-t-intersections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Broadcast Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muazzam%20A.%20Khan">Muazzam A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Wasim"> Muhammad Wasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) Cars for network (VANET) allowing vehicles to talk to each other, which is committed to building a strong network of mobile vehicles is technical. In VANETs vehicles are equipped with special devices that can get and share info with the atmosphere and other vehicles in the network. Depending on this data security and safety of the vehicles can be enhanced. Broadcast routing is dispersion of any audio or visual medium of mass communication scattered audience distribute audio and video content, but usually using electromagnetic radiation (waves). The lack of server or fixed infrastructure media messages in VANETs plays an important role for every individual application. Broadcast Message VANETs still open research challenge and requires some effort to come to good solutions. This paper starts with a brief introduction of VANET, its applications, and the law of the message-trends in this network starts. This work provides an important and comprehensive study of reliable broadcast routing in VANET scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20network" title="vehicular ad-hoc network ">vehicular ad-hoc network </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking%20protocols" title=" networking protocols"> networking protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20pattern" title=" traffic pattern"> traffic pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20intensity%20conflict" title=" low intensity conflict"> low intensity conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117/broadcast-routing-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> A Weighted K-Medoids Clustering Algorithm for Effective Stability in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rejab%20Hajlaoui">Rejab Hajlaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Moulahi"> Tarek Moulahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herv%C3%A9%20Guyennet"> Hervé Guyennet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a highway scenario, the vehicle speed can exceed 120 kmph. Therefore, any vehicle can enter or leave the network within a very short time. This mobility adversely affects the network connectivity and decreases the life time of all established links. To ensure an effective stability in vehicular ad hoc networks with minimum broadcasting storm, we have developed a weighted algorithm based on the k-medoids clustering algorithm (WKCA). Indeed, the number of clusters and the initial cluster heads will not be selected randomly as usual, but considering the available transmission range and the environment size. Then, to ensure optimal assignment of nodes to clusters in both k-medoids phases, the combined weight of any node will be computed according to additional metrics including direction, relative speed and proximity. Empirical results prove that in addition to the convergence speed that characterizes the k-medoids algorithm, our proposed model performs well both AODV-Clustering and OLSR-Clustering protocols under different densities and velocities in term of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithm" title=" clustering algorithm"> clustering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-medoids" title=" k-medoids"> k-medoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad%20hoc%20network" title=" vehicular ad hoc network"> vehicular ad hoc network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69086/a-weighted-k-medoids-clustering-algorithm-for-effective-stability-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Enhanced Cluster Based Connectivity Maintenance in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manverpreet%20Kaur">Manverpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarpreet%20Singh"> Amarpreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand of Vehicular ad hoc networks is increasing day by day, due to offering the various applications and marvelous benefits to VANET users. Clustering in VANETs is most important to overcome the connectivity problems of VANETs. In this paper, we proposed a new clustering technique Enhanced cluster based connectivity maintenance in vehicular ad hoc network. Our objective is to form long living clusters. The proposed approach is grouping the vehicles, on the basis of the longest list of neighbors to form clusters. The cluster formation and cluster head selection process done by the RSU that may results it reduces the chances of overhead on to the network. The cluster head selection procedure is the vehicle which has closest speed to average speed will elect as a cluster Head by the RSU and if two vehicles have same speed which is closest to average speed then they will be calculate by one of the new parameter i.e. distance to their respective destination. The vehicle which has largest distance to their destination will be choosing as a cluster Head by the RSU. Our simulation outcomes show that our technique performs better than the existing technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANETs" title="VANETs">VANETs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20head" title=" cluster head"> cluster head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20system%20%28ITS%29" title=" intelligent transportation system (ITS)"> intelligent transportation system (ITS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41250/enhanced-cluster-based-connectivity-maintenance-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Bandwidth Efficient Cluster Based Collision Avoidance Multicasting Protocol in VANETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneet%20Kaur">Navneet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarpreet%20Singh"> Amarpreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Vehicular Adhoc Networks, Data Dissemination is a challenging task. There are number of techniques, types and protocols available for disseminating the data but in order to preserve limited bandwidth and to disseminate maximum data over networks makes it more challenging. There are broadcasting, multicasting and geocasting based protocols. Multicasting based protocols are found to be best for conserving the bandwidth. One such protocol named BEAM exists that improves the performance of Vehicular Adhoc Networks by reducing the number of in-network message transactions and thereby efficiently utilizing the bandwidth during an emergency situation. But this protocol may result in multicar chain collision as there was no V2V communication. So, this paper proposes a new protocol named Enhanced Bandwidth Efficient Cluster Based Multicasting Protocol (EBECM) that will overcome the limitations of existing BEAM protocol. And Simulation results will show the improved performance of EBECM in terms of Routing overhead, throughput and PDR when compared with BEAM protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BEAM" title="BEAM">BEAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20dissemination" title=" data dissemination"> data dissemination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20situation" title=" emergency situation"> emergency situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20adhoc%20network" title=" vehicular adhoc network"> vehicular adhoc network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37778/bandwidth-efficient-cluster-based-collision-avoidance-multicasting-protocol-in-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Molecular Clustering and Velocity Increase in Converging-Diverging Nozzle in Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeoungsu%20Na">Jeoungsu Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaehawn%20Lee"> Jaehawn Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changil%20Hong"> Changil Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhee%20Kim"> Suhee Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A molecular dynamics simulation in a converging-diverging nozzle was performed to study molecular collisions and their influence to average flow velocity according to a variety of vacuum levels. The static pressures and the dynamic pressure exerted by the molecule collision on the selected walls were compared to figure out the intensity variances of the directional flows. With pressure differences constant between the entrance and the exit of the nozzle, the numerical experiment was performed for molecular velocities and directional flows. The result shows that the velocities increased at the nozzle exit as the vacuum level gets higher in that area because less molecular collisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title="cavitation">cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20collision" title=" molecular collision"> molecular collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle" title=" nozzle"> nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum" title=" vacuum"> vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20increase" title=" velocity increase"> velocity increase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61069/molecular-clustering-and-velocity-increase-in-converging-diverging-nozzle-in-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Channels Splitting Strategy for Optical Local Area Networks of Passive Star Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peristera%20Baziana">Peristera Baziana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a network configuration for a WDM LANs of passive star topology that assume that the set of data WDM channels is split into two separate sets of channels, with different access rights over them. Especially, a synchronous transmission WDMA access algorithm is adopted in order to increase the probability of successful transmission over the data channels and consequently to reduce the probability of data packets transmission cancellation in order to avoid the data channels collisions. Thus, a control pre-transmission access scheme is followed over a separate control channel. An analytical Markovian model is studied and the average throughput is mathematically derived. The performance is studied for several numbers of data channels and various values of control phase duration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20algorithm" title="access algorithm">access algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channels%20division" title=" channels division"> channels division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collisions%20avoidance" title=" collisions avoidance"> collisions avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength%20division%20multiplexing" title=" wavelength division multiplexing"> wavelength division multiplexing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63025/channels-splitting-strategy-for-optical-local-area-networks-of-passive-star-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Effect of Traffic Volume and Its Composition on Vehicular Speed under Mixed Traffic Conditions: A Kriging Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhadip%20Biswas">Subhadip Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivendra%20Maurya"> Shivendra Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Chandra"> Satish Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajit%20Ghosh"> Indrajit Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Use of speed prediction models sometimes appears as a feasible alternative to laborious field measurement particularly, in case when field data cannot fulfill designer’s requirements. However, developing speed models is a challenging task specifically in the context of developing countries like India where vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics use the same right of way without any segregation. Here the traffic composition plays a significant role in determining the vehicular speed. The present research was carried out to examine the effects of traffic volume and its composition on vehicular speed under mixed traffic conditions. Classified traffic volume and speed data were collected from different geometrically identical six lane divided arterials in New Delhi. Based on these field data, speed prediction models were developed for individual vehicle category adopting Kriging approximation technique, an alternative for commonly used regression. These models are validated with the data set kept aside earlier for validation purpose. The predicted speeds showed a great deal of agreement with the observed values and also the model outperforms all other existing speed models. Finally, the proposed models were utilized to evaluate the effect of traffic volume and its composition on speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title="speed">speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriging" title=" Kriging"> Kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial" title=" arterial"> arterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20volume" title=" traffic volume"> traffic volume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62347/effect-of-traffic-volume-and-its-composition-on-vehicular-speed-under-mixed-traffic-conditions-a-kriging-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> RSU Aggregated Message Delivery for VANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auxeeliya%20Jesudoss">Auxeeliya Jesudoss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraph%20Sulaiman"> Ashraph Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20Kotnana"> Ratnakar Kotnana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> V2V communication brings up several questions of scalability issues although message sharing in vehicular ad-hoc networks comprises of both Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure communication (V2I). It is not an easy task for a vehicle to verify all signatures of the messages sent by its neighboring vehicles in a timely manner, without resulting in message loss. Moreover, the communication overhead of a vehicle to authenticate another vehicle would increase together with the security of the system. Another issue to be addressed is the continuous mobility of vehicles which requires at least some information on the node’s own position to be revealed to the neighboring vehicles. This may facilitate the attacker to congregate information on a node’s position or its mobility patterns. In order to tackle these issues, this paper introduces a RSU aggregated message deliverance scheme called RAMeD. With RAMeD, roadside units (RSUs) are responsible for verifying the identity of the vehicles entering in its range, collect messages from genuine vehicles and to aggregate similar messages into groups before sending them to all the vehicles in its communication range. This aggregation will tremendously improve the rate of message delivery and reduce the message lose ratio by avoiding similar messages being sent to the vehicles redundantly. The proposed protocol is analyzed extensively to evaluate its merits and efficiency for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20networks" title="vehicular ad-hoc networks">vehicular ad-hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2V" title=" V2V"> V2V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V2I" title=" V2I"> V2I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET%20communication" title=" VANET communication"> VANET communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalability" title=" scalability"> scalability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20aggregation" title=" message aggregation"> message aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1449/rsu-aggregated-message-delivery-for-vanet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Numerical Modeling of Structural Failure of a Ship During the Collision Event</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adjal%20Yassine">Adjal Yassine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semmani%20Amar"> Semmani Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last decades, The risk of collision has been increased, especially in high maritime traffic. As the consequence, the demand is required for safety at sea and environmental protection. For this purpose, the consequences prediction of ship collisions is recommended in order to minimize structural failure. additionally, at the design stage of the ship, damage generated during the collision event must be taken into consideration. This structural failure, in some cases, can develop into the progressive collapse of other structural elements and generate catastrophic consequences. The present study investigates the progressive collapse of ships damaged by collisions using the Non -linear finite element method. The failure criteria are taken into account. The impacted area has a refined mesh in order to have more reliable results. Finally, a parametric study was conducted in this study to highlight the effect of the ship's speed, as well as the different impacted areas of double-bottom ships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collsion" title="collsion">collsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strucural%20failure" title=" strucural failure"> strucural failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship" title=" ship"> ship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158407/numerical-modeling-of-structural-failure-of-a-ship-during-the-collision-event" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Proposal of Commutation Protocol in Hybrid Sensors and Vehicular Networks for Intelligent Transport Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Bensiradj">Taha Bensiradj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Moussaoui"> Samira Moussaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid Sensors and Vehicular Networks (HSVN), represent a hybrid network, which uses several generations of Ad-Hoc networks. It is used especially in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The HSVN allows making collaboration between the Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) deployed on the border of the road and the Vehicular Network (VANET). This collaboration is defined by messages exchanged between the two networks for the purpose to inform the drivers about the state of the road, provide road safety information and more information about traffic on the road. Moreover, this collaboration created by HSVN, also allows the use of a network and the advantage of improving another network. For example, the dissemination of information between the sensors quickly decreases its energy, and therefore, we can use vehicles that do not have energy constraint to disseminate the information between sensors. On the other hand, to solve the disconnection problem in VANET, the sensors can be used as gateways that allow sending the messages received by one vehicle to another. However, because of the short communication range of the sensor and its low capacity of storage and processing of data, it is difficult to ensure the exchange of road messages between it and the vehicle, which can be moving at high speed at the time of exchange. This represents the time where the vehicle is in communication range with the sensor. This work is the proposition of a communication protocol between the sensors and the vehicle used in HSVN. The latter has as the purpose to ensure the exchange of road messages in the available time of exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSVN" title="HSVN">HSVN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54397/proposal-of-commutation-protocol-in-hybrid-sensors-and-vehicular-networks-for-intelligent-transport-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Mobility Management via Software Defined Networks (SDN) in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Haider">Bilal Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Aadil"> Farhan Aadil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) provides various services to end-users traveling on the road at high speeds. However, this high-speed mobility of mobile nodes can cause frequent service disruptions. Various mobility management protocols exist for managing node mobility, but due to their centralized nature, they tend to suffer in the VANET environment. In this research, we proposed a distributed mobility management protocol using software-defined networks (SDN) for VANETs. Instead of relying on a centralized mobility anchor, the mobility functionality is distributed at multiple infrastructural nodes. The protocol is based on the classical Proxy Mobile IP version 6 (PMIPv6). It is evident from simulation results that this work has improved the network performance with respect to nodes throughput, delay, and packet loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDN" title="SDN">SDN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20management" title=" mobility management"> mobility management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147701/mobility-management-via-software-defined-networks-sdn-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> A Deep Learning Approach to Real Time and Robust Vehicular Traffic Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikis%20Muhammed">Bikis Muhammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehra%20Sedigh%20Sarvestani"> Sehra Sedigh Sarvestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20R.%20Hurson"> Ali R. Hurson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasanthi%20Gamage"> Lasanthi Gamage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular traffic events have overly complex spatial correlations and temporal interdependencies and are also influenced by environmental events such as weather conditions. To capture these spatial and temporal interdependencies and make more realistic vehicular traffic predictions, graph neural networks (GNN) based traffic prediction models have been extensively utilized due to their capability of capturing non-Euclidean spatial correlation very effectively. However, most of the already existing GNN-based traffic prediction models have some limitations during learning complex and dynamic spatial and temporal patterns due to the following missing factors. First, most GNN-based traffic prediction models have used static distance or sometimes haversine distance mechanisms between spatially separated traffic observations to estimate spatial correlation. Secondly, most GNN-based traffic prediction models have not incorporated environmental events that have a major impact on the normal traffic states. Finally, most of the GNN-based models did not use an attention mechanism to focus on only important traffic observations. The objective of this paper is to study and make real-time vehicular traffic predictions while incorporating the effect of weather conditions. To fill the previously mentioned gaps, our prediction model uses a real-time driving distance between sensors to build a distance matrix or spatial adjacency matrix and capture spatial correlation. In addition, our prediction model considers the effect of six types of weather conditions and has an attention mechanism in both spatial and temporal data aggregation. Our prediction model efficiently captures the spatial and temporal correlation between traffic events, and it relies on the graph attention network (GAT) and Bidirectional bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) plus attention layers and is called GAT-BILSTMA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20prediction" title=" real time prediction"> real time prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GAT" title=" GAT"> GAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-LSTM" title=" Bi-LSTM"> Bi-LSTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title=" attention"> attention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170750/a-deep-learning-approach-to-real-time-and-robust-vehicular-traffic-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Comparative Study of Soliton Collisions in Uniform and Nonuniform Magnetized Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renu%20Tomar">Renu Tomar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitendra%20K.%20Malik"> Hitendra K. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20P.%20Dahiya"> Raj P. Dahiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Similar to the sound waves in air, plasmas support the propagation of ion waves, which evolve into the solitary structures when the effect of non linearity and dispersion are balanced. The ion acoustic solitary waves have been investigated in details in homogeneous plasmas, inhomogeneous plasmas, and magnetized plasmas. The ion acoustic solitary waves are also found to reflect from a density gradient or boundary present in the plasma after propagating. Another interesting feature of the solitary waves is their collision. In the present work, we carry out analytical calculations for the head-on collision of solitary waves in a magnetized plasma which has dust grains in addition to the ions and electrons. For this, we employ Poincar´e-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method. To lowest nonlinear order, the problem of colliding solitary waves leads to KdV (modified KdV) equations and also yields the phase shifts that occur in the interaction. These calculations are accomplished for the uniform and nonuniform plasmas, and the results on the soliton properties are discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhomogeneous%20magnetized%20plasma" title="inhomogeneous magnetized plasma">inhomogeneous magnetized plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20charging" title=" dust charging"> dust charging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20collisions" title=" soliton collisions"> soliton collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetized%20plasma" title=" magnetized plasma"> magnetized plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14740/comparative-study-of-soliton-collisions-in-uniform-and-nonuniform-magnetized-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Modeling the Risk Perception of Pedestrians Using a Nested Logit Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Mirbaha">Babak Mirbaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Saffarzadeh"> Mahmoud Saffarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atieh%20Asgari%20Toorzani"> Atieh Asgari Toorzani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users since they do not have a protective shell. One of the most common collisions for them is pedestrian-vehicle at intersections. In order to develop appropriate countermeasures to improve safety for them, researches have to be conducted to identify the factors that affect the risk of getting involved in such collisions. More specifically, this study investigates factors such as the influence of walking alone or having a baby while crossing the street, the observable age of pedestrian, the speed of pedestrians and the speed of approaching vehicles on risk perception of pedestrians. A nested logit model was used for modeling the behavioral structure of pedestrians. The results show that the presence of more lanes at intersections and not being alone especially having a baby while crossing, decrease the probability of taking a risk among pedestrians. Also, it seems that teenagers show more risky behaviors in crossing the street in comparison to other age groups. Also, the speed of approaching vehicles was considered significant. The probability of risk taking among pedestrians decreases by increasing the speed of approaching vehicle in both the first and the second lanes of crossings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrians" title="pedestrians">pedestrians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title=" intersection"> intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nested%20logit" title=" nested logit"> nested logit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107544/modeling-the-risk-perception-of-pedestrians-using-a-nested-logit-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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