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class="mw-page-title-main">Rudolf Slánský</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="رودلف سلانسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رودلف سلانسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="루돌프 슬란스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루돌프 슬란스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="רודולף סלנסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רודולף סלנסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="رودولف سلانسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رودولف سلانسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ルドルフ・スラーンスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルドルフ・スラーンスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Сланский, Рудольф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сланский, Рудольф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Рудолф Слански – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рудолф Слански" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rudolf Slánský" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Slansky" title="Rudolf Slansky – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rudolf Slansky" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рудольф Сланський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рудольф Сланський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="鲁道夫·斯兰斯基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁道夫·斯兰斯基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Czechoslovak communist politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Rudolf Slánský</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Slansky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/Slansky.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-07-31</span>)</span>31 July 1901<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Nezv%C4%9Bstice" title="Nezvěstice">Nezvěstice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 December 1952<span style="display:none">(1952-12-03)</span> (aged 51)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party of Czechoslovakia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rudolf Slánský</b> (31 July 1901 – 3 December 1952) was a leading Czech <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>. Holding the post of the party's <a href="/wiki/General_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General secretary">General Secretary</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he was one of the leading creators and organizers of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">the split</a> between <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, the latter instigated a wave of "purges" of the respective Communist Party leaderships,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to prevent more splits between the Soviet Union and its <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite</a>" countries. In Czechoslovakia, Slánský was one of 14 leaders arrested in 1951, tortured into confessing their "crimes", and put on <a href="/wiki/Show_trial" title="Show trial">show trial</a> <i>en masse</i> in November 1952, charged with high treason. After eight days, 11 of the 14 were convicted and sentenced to death. Slánský was executed five days later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born at <a href="/wiki/Nezv%C4%9Bstice" title="Nezvěstice">Nezvěstice</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88-City_District" title="Plzeň-City District">Plzeň-City District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slánský's family was <a href="/wiki/Czech_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Jews">Jewish</a> and conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a> at the Commercial Academy. </p><p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he went to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, the capital, where he discovered a leftist intellectual scene in institutions such as the Marxist Club. In 1921, Slánský joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party of Czechoslovakia</a> when it broke away from the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Social_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Social Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party</a>. He rose within the party and became a senior lieutenant of its leader, <a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a>. At the Fifth Party Congress in 1929, Slánský was named a member of the party Presidium and the Politburo, and Gottwald became General Secretary. </p><p>From 1929 to 1935, Slánský lived in hiding due to the illegal status of the Communist Party. In 1935, after the party was allowed to participate in politics, both he and Gottwald were elected to the National Assembly. Their gains were halted, however, when Czechoslovakia was carved up at the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich Conference">Munich Conference</a> in 1938. After <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> occupied the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> in October 1938, Slánský, along with much of the rest of the Czechoslovak communist leadership, fled to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Slánský worked on broadcasts to Czechoslovakia over <a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a>. He lived through the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">defense of Moscow</a> against the Germans during the winter of 1941–42. His experience in Moscow brought him into contact with Soviet Communists and the often brutal methods they favored for maintaining party discipline. </p><p>In 1943 in Moscow, Slánský's infant daughter, Naďa (Nadia), was forcibly abducted from her baby carriage by a woman. The infant was in the company of her eight-year-old brother, Rudolf, who put up resistance. The woman revealed details about their mother, Mrs. Slánská, including her job with Radio Moscow. Neither Nadia nor the perpetrators were ever found. In her 1969 memoir, Josefa Slánská, Slánský's widow, recounted that written inquiries were made to the police and to Stalin himself, all of which went unanswered.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in exile in the Soviet Union, Slánský also organized Czechoslovak army units. He returned with them to Czechoslovakia in 1944 to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_in_the_postwar_period">Power in the postwar period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Power in the postwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948">Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948</a></div> <p>In 1945, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Slánský and other Czechoslovak leaders returned from exile in London and Moscow, holding meetings to organize the new National Front government under <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>. At the 8th Party Congress of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian Communist Party</a> in March 1946, Slánský was chosen as <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary">General Secretary</a> of the Communist Party. He was the number two man in the party behind party chairman Gottwald, who became leader of a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> after elections held that year. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png/280px-Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png/420px-Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png/560px-Marie_%C5%A0vermov%C3%A1_tribuna_%C3%9AV_KS%C4%8C_1948.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of the Central Committee of the KSŠ (1948); from left Marie Švermová, Slánský, Gottwald, <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD" title="Antonín Zápotocký">Antonín Zápotocký</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Nosek" title="Václav Nosek">Václav Nosek</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1948, after the Communist Party seized power in the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948">February coup</a>, Slánský became the second most powerful man in the country after Gottwald. At that point Slánský was blamed for economic and industrial troubles, costing him popular support. But he was also awarded the Order of Socialism, a top decoration, on 30 July 1951. Publication was planned for a book of his speeches in support of socialism, to be titled <i>Towards the Victory of Socialism</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></div> <p>In 1951, after <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> of Yugoslavia broke with him, Stalin decided to "purge" the Communist parties of the satellite countries of the Soviet Union in order to deter any further revolts against his rule. Most historians think that, fearing arrest and death, President Gottwald of Czechoslovakia decided to sacrifice his best friend, Rudolf Slánský, in order to save himself. On November 24, 1951, at 1 a.m. Slánský was arrested and imprisoned. During the following year he was tortured into confessing his "crimes". Bedřich Geminder and Jarmila Taussigová were also arrested the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> rhetoric had turned against <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>. Stalin was intent on keeping power in the Eastern bloc countries. </p><p>Party rhetoric asserted that Slánský was spying as part of an international western capitalist conspiracy to undermine socialism and that punishing him would avenge the Nazi murders of Czech communists <a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%A0verma" title="Jan Šverma">Jan Šverma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Fu%C4%8D%C3%ADk_(journalist)" title="Julius Fučík (journalist)">Julius Fučík</a> during World War II. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png/220px-Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png/330px-Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png/440px-Rudolf_Slansky_1901_1952.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Slánský speaking during the trials</figcaption></figure> <p>Some historians say that Stalin desired complete obedience from leaders of the so-called "People's Democracies" (that is, Eastern bloc countries), as well as at home. He threatened to conduct "purges" of the "nationalistic communists". </p><p>Other historians, though, say that the rivalry between Slánský and Gottwald escalated after the 1948 coup. Slánský began consolidating his power within the party secretariat and placing more of his party supporters in governmental positions, encroaching on Gottwald's position as president after the resignation of Beneš. Stalin backed Gottwald because he was believed to have a better chance of building up the Czechoslovak economy into a position where it could start producing useful goods for the Soviet Union. </p><p>Slánský was thought to be weakened by his image as a "<a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">cosmopolitan</a>" figure. Gottwald and his ally <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD" title="Antonín Zápotocký">Antonín Zápotocký</a>, both populists, tarred Slánský with charges of belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>. Slánský and his allies were also opposed by old-time party members, the government, and the party's Political Bureau. In prison after his arrest, Slánský was tortured and he attempted <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>. </p><p>The trial of the 14 national leaders began on 20 November 1952, in the Senate of the State Court, with the prosecutor being <a href="/wiki/Josef_Urv%C3%A1lek" title="Josef Urválek">Josef Urválek</a>. It lasted eight days. As in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_show_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow show trials">Moscow show trials</a> of the late 1930s, the defendants admitted guilt in court and requested a death sentence. Slánský was found guilty of "<a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoist</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> activities in the service of American imperialism." He was publicly hanged at <a href="/wiki/Pankr%C3%A1c_Prison" title="Pankrác Prison">Pankrác Prison</a> on 3 December 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was cremated, and the ashes were scattered on an icy road outside of Prague. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumously">Posthumously</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Posthumously"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reflecting changes in Czechoslovakia, in April 1963 Slánský and other victims of the purge trials were cleared under the penal code. They were fully rehabilitated and exonerated in May 1968. After the <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a> of 1989, the new president <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, appointed Slánský's son, also named Rudolf, as the Czech ambassador to the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slánský was the most powerful politician to be executed during the rule of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia and under the influence of Stalinism. Afterwards the treatment of leaders who had fallen out of favour with the government was more moderate; they were stripped of power and ordered to retire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Urv%C3%A1lek" title="Josef Urválek">Josef Urválek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Margolius" title="Rudolf Margolius">Rudolf Margolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_London" title="Artur London">Artur London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traicho_Kostov" title="Traicho Kostov">Traicho Kostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Rajk" title="László Rajk">László Rajk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Smrkovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Smrkovský">Josef Smrkovský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of anti-Semitism">History of anti-Semitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Eastern Bloc politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Lux" title="Hotel Lux">Hotel Lux</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lukes 1999: 161–162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the West prior to 1990, the "Communist countries" east of Germany, Austria, and Italy, and west of the Soviet Union, were collectively known as "Eastern Europe".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/28/archives/czech-party-again-ousts-mrs-slansky.html">"Czech Party Again Ousts Mrs. Slansky"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 28 December 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>Rudolf Slansky, former secretary general of the Czecho slovak Communist party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Czech+Party+Again+Ousts+Mrs.+Slansky&rft.date=1970-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F12%2F28%2Farchives%2Fczech-party-again-ousts-mrs-slansky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nezvestice.cz/rudolf-slansky-nezvesticky-rodak/">"Rudolf Slánský – nezvěstický rodák – Nezvěstice – oficiální stránky obce"</a>. <i>www.nezvestice.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nezvestice.cz&rft.atitle=Rudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD+%E2%80%93+nezv%C4%9Bstick%C3%BD+rod%C3%A1k+%E2%80%93+Nezv%C4%9Bstice+%E2%80%93+ofici%C3%A1ln%C3%AD+str%C3%A1nky+obce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nezvestice.cz%2Frudolf-slansky-nezvesticky-rodak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Slánská, Josefa 1969: 121–125, cited at Lukeš: 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ign%C3%A1c_Bil%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignác Bilík (page does not exist)">Ignác Bilík</a> recounted another version (which Bilík claimed to have been told in prison by Evžen Löbl (Eugen Loebl), a co-defendant in the future <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a>, and which was later published in English). According to Bilík, Rudolf Slánský allegedly discovered that his daughter had been abducted by the wife of a high-ranking Soviet official, and was said to be too intimidated by the power of such people in the Soviet system to try and retrieve his daughter. This apparently fourth hand account is published online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/clip/id/554/clip/2139?locale=en_GB">Paměť národa (Website), including the sound recording of Bilík's narration.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1990" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Karel (January 1, 1990). <i>Report on the Murder of the General Secretary</i>. Ohio State University Press. pp. 146–147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Murder+of+the+General+Secretary&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Karel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brent, Jonathan and Naumov, Vladimir P., <i>Stalin's Last Crime</i>, John Murray (Publishers), London, 2003, page 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stokes, Gale. <i>From Stalinism to Pluralism: A Documentary History of Eastern Europe Since 1945</i>. 1996, page 66.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondon,_Artur1971" class="citation book cs1">London, Artur (1971). <i>Confession</i>. USA: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-22170-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-22170-2"><bdi>0-345-22170-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confession&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-345-22170-2&rft.au=London%2C+Artur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan,_Karel1990" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Karel (1990). <i>Report on the Murder of the General Secretary</i>. London: I. B. Tauris & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-211-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-211-2"><bdi>1-85043-211-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Murder+of+the+General+Secretary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris+%26+Co&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1-85043-211-2&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Karel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lukes, Igor. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2672994">The Rudolf Slansky Affair: New Evidence</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Review" title="Slavic Review">Slavic Review</a></i>, Spring 1999, 58(1): 160-187. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2672994">10.2307/2672994</a></li> <li>Lukes, Igor. No date (post 2001). <i>Rudolf Slansky: his trials and trial.</i> Wash., D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars ("Wilson Center"). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/cold-war-international-history-project">[1]</a> Cold War International History Project] Working Papers; 50.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolius,_Ivan2006" class="citation book cs1">Margolius, Ivan (2006). <i>Reflections of Prague: Journeys through the 20th century</i>. London: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-02219-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-02219-1"><bdi>0-470-02219-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reflections+of+Prague%3A+Journeys+through+the+20th+century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-470-02219-1&rft.au=Margolius%2C+Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlánská,_Josefa1969" class="citation book cs1">Slánská, Josefa (1969). <i>Report On My Husband</i>. London: Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-097320-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-097320-8"><bdi>0-09-097320-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+On+My+Husband&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-09-097320-8&rft.au=Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1%2C+Josefa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Template:Slánský trial"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Template talk:Slánský trial"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slánský trial"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slánský_trial_(1952)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a> (1952)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Urv%C3%A1lek" title="Josef Urválek">Josef Urválek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defendants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Clementis" title="Vladimír Clementis">Vladimír Clementis</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Fischl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Fischl (page does not exist)">Otto Fischl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Fischl" class="extiw" title="cs:Otto Fischl">cs</a>]</span> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Frank_(politician)" title="Josef Frank (politician)">Josef Frank</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_Frejka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík Frejka (page does not exist)">Ludvík Frejka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_Frejka" class="extiw" title="cs:Ludvík Frejka">cs</a>]</span> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Geminder" title="Bedřich Geminder">Bedřich Geminder</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vavro_Hajd%C5%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vavro Hajdů (page does not exist)">Vavro Hajdů</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vavro_Hajd%C5%AF" class="extiw" title="cs:Vavro Hajdů">cs</a>]</span> (life imprisonment)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ev%C5%BEen_L%C3%B6bl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evžen Löbl (page does not exist)">Evžen Löbl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev%C5%BEen_L%C3%B6bl" class="extiw" title="cs:Evžen Löbl">cs</a>]</span> (life imprisonment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_London" title="Artur London">Artur London</a> (life imprisonment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Margolius" title="Rudolf Margolius">Rudolf Margolius</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Oren" title="Mordechai Oren">Mordechai Oren</a> (imprisoned)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimon_Ornstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimon Ornstein (page does not exist)">Shimon Ornstein</a> (life imprisonment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Reicin" title="Bedřich Reicin">Bedřich Reicin</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Katz" title="Otto Katz">Otto Katz</a> (executed)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudolf Slánský</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_%C5%A0ling" title="Otto Šling">Otto Šling</a> (executed)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_%C5%A0v%C3%A1b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Šváb (page does not exist)">Karel Šváb</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_%C5%A0v%C3%A1b" class="extiw" title="cs:Karel Šváb">cs</a>]</span> (executed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Antisemitism in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455948#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080053081">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/30332287">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/3958/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd8bVpCFMCwjJv79KYgKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118748424">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50013004">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12050004v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12050004v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jk01111803&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071288724">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90576302">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810700279405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007301239305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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