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id="toc-Life_in_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_in_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Life in Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_in_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settling_in_New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settling_in_New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Settling in New York City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settling_in_New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early jobs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_as_songwriter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_as_songwriter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Recognition as songwriter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_as_songwriter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Songwriting_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Songwriting_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Songwriting career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Songwriting_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Songwriting career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Songwriting_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_1920" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_1920"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Before 1920 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_1920-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Alexander's_Ragtime_Band"_(1911)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Alexander's_Ragtime_Band"_(1911)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Alexander's_Ragtime_Band"_(1911)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sparking_a_national_dance_craze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sparking_a_national_dance_craze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Sparking a national dance craze </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sparking_a_national_dance_craze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simple_and_romantic_ballads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple_and_romantic_ballads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Simple and romantic ballads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple_and_romantic_ballads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 World War I </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yip_Yip_Yaphank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yip_Yip_Yaphank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4.1 Yip Yip Yaphank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yip_Yip_Yaphank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920_to_1940" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920_to_1940"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1920 to 1940 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920_to_1940-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Various_hit_songs_by_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various_hit_songs_by_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Various hit songs by Berlin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Various_hit_songs_by_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"God_Bless_America"_(1938)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"God_Bless_America"_(1938)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 "God Bless America" (1938) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"God_Bless_America"_(1938)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Other songs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1941_to_1962" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1941_to_1962"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1941 to 1962 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1941_to_1962-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II_patriotism—"This_is_the_Army"_(1943)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_patriotism—"This_is_the_Army"_(1943)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 World War II patriotism—"This is the Army" (1943) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_patriotism—"This_is_the_Army"_(1943)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(1946)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Annie Get Your Gun (1946) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Final shows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_scores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_scores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Film scores </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Film_scores-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Film scores subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Film_scores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1920s–1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s–1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 1920s–1950s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s–1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"White_Christmas"_(1942)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"White_Christmas"_(1942)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 "White Christmas" (1942) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"White_Christmas"_(1942)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Songwriting_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Songwriting_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Songwriting methods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Songwriting_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Music styles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Marriages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Lifestyle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy and influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_scores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_scores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Musical scores </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_scores-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Musical scores subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_scores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Stage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_scores_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_scores_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Film scores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_scores_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Song_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Song lists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Irving Berlin</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" > 60 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إرفينغ برلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرفينغ برلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ірвінг Берлін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірвінг Берлін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ірвінг Бэрлін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірвінг Бэрлін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ървинг Бърлин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ървинг Бърлин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایروینگ برلین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایروینگ برلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%B9%99_%EB%B2%8C%EB%A6%B0" title="어빙 벌린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어빙 벌린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אירווינג ברלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אירווינג ברלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92rvings_Berlins" title="Ērvings Berlins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ērvings Berlins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇർ‌വിംഗ് ബെർലിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇർ‌വിംഗ് ബെർലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ارفينج برلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارفينج برلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="アーヴィング・バーリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーヴィング・バーリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ирвинг Берлин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирвинг Берлин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เออร์วิง เบอร์ลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เออร์วิง เบอร์ลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ірвінг Берлін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірвінг Берлін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvin_Berlin" title="Irvin Berlin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Irvin Berlin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Irving Berlin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="欧文·柏林 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧文·柏林" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%9E%97" title="厄文·博林 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="厄文·博林" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="歐文·柏林 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐文·柏林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128746#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Irving Berlin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg/330px-Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg/440px-Irving_Berlin_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1791" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Berlin in 1948</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Israel Beilin</div> (1888-05-11)May 11, 1888 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 22, 1989(1989-09-22) (aged 101) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Songwriter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Dorothy Goetz</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1912; died 1912)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ellin_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellin Mackay">Ellin Mackay</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1926; died 1988)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellin_Barrett" title="Mary Ellin Barrett">Mary Ellin Barrett</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Popular songs</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musicals</li><li><a href="/wiki/Show_tune" title="Show tune">show tunes</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1907–1971</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1918–1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:WW1-Sergeant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/WW1-Sergeant.svg/23px-WW1-Sergeant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/WW1-Sergeant.svg/35px-WW1-Sergeant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/WW1-Sergeant.svg/46px-WW1-Sergeant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="194" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant (United States)">Sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/152d_Depot_Brigade_(United_States)" title="152d Depot Brigade (United States)">152d Depot Brigade</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/150px-Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/225px-Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/300px-Irving_Berlin_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="415" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Irving Berlin (born Israel Beilin; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: ישראל ביילין;<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> May 11, 1888<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and songwriter. His music forms a large part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Songbook" title="Great American Songbook">Great American Songbook</a>. Berlin received numerous honors including an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>. He also received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Ford">Gerald R. Ford</a> in 1977. Broadcast journalist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a> stated he "helped write the story of this country, capturing the best of who we are and the dreams that shape our lives".<a href="#cite_note-birthday-3">[3]</a> Born in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</a>, Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights,<a href="#cite_note-Starr_2009,_pg._64-4">[4]</a> and became known as the composer of numerous international hits, starting with 1911's "<a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a>". He also was an owner of the <a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre" title="Music Box Theatre">Music Box Theatre</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>. For much of his career, Berlin could not read sheet music, and was such a limited piano player that he could only play in the key of F-sharp; he used his custom piano equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Transposing_piano" title="Transposing piano">transposing lever</a> when he needed to play in keys other than F-sharp.<a href="#cite_note-Guitar-5">[5]</a> He was known for writing music and lyrics in the American vernacular: uncomplicated, simple and direct, with his stated aim being to "reach the heart of the average American," who he saw as the "real soul of the country".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him famous before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 20 original Broadway shows and 15 original <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> films, with his songs nominated eight times for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including "<a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Blue Skies (Irving Berlin song)">Blue Skies</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(song)" title="Easter Parade (song)">Easter Parade</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_on_the_Ritz" class="mw-redirect" title="Puttin' on the Ritz">Puttin' on the Ritz</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek" title="Cheek to Cheek">Cheek to Cheek</a>", "<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Holiday_(song)" title="Happy Holiday (song)">Happy Holiday</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Anything_You_Can_Do_(I_Can_Do_Better)" title="Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)">Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business" title="There's No Business Like Show Business">There's No Business Like Show Business</a>". His Broadway musical <a href="/wiki/This_Is_The_Army_(musical)" title="This Is The Army (musical)">This Is the Army</a> (1942) was adapted into the <a href="/wiki/This_Is_the_Army" title="This Is the Army">1943 film of the same name</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UGC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UGC">user-generated source</a>] Berlin's songs have reached the top of the US charts 25 times and have been extensively re-recorded by numerous singers. Berlin died in 1989 at <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">the age of 101</a>. Composer <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Moore" title="Douglas Moore">Douglas Moore</a> sets Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters, and includes him instead with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>, as a "great American minstrel"—someone who has "caught and immortalized in his songs what we say, what we think about, and what we believe."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> Composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> called him "the greatest songwriter that has ever lived",<a href="#cite_note-Gershwin-8">[8]</a>: 117  and composer <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a> concluded that "Irving Berlin has no place in American music—he is American music."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_immigrant">Jewish immigrant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Jewish immigrant">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Life_in_Russia">Life in Russia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life in Russia">edit</a>]</div> Berlin was born Israel Beilin<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> on May 11, 1888, in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> Although his family came from the <a href="/wiki/Shtetl" title="Shtetl">shtetl</a> of <a href="/wiki/Talachyn" title="Talachyn">Tolochin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: טאָלאָטשין; today Talachyn, Талачын, in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>), Berlin later learned that he was probably born in <a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a>, Siberia, where his father, an itinerant <a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">cantor</a>, had taken his family.<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> He was one of eight children of Moses (1848–1901) and Lena Lipkin Beilin (1850–1922). From Tyumen, the family returned to Tolochin, and from there, they travelled to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and left the old continent aboard the <a href="/wiki/SS_Rhynland" title="SS Rhynland">SS Rhynland</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Line" title="Red Star Line">Red Star Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> On September 14, 1893,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> the family arrived at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in New York City. When they arrived, Israel was put in a pen with his brother and five sisters until immigration officials declared them fit to be allowed into the city.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> After the family's <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a>, the name "Beilin" was changed to "Baline". According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Bergreen" title="Laurence Bergreen">Laurence Bergreen</a>, as an adult Berlin admitted to no memories of his first five years in Russia except for one: "he was lying on a blanket by the side of a road, watching his house burn to the ground. By daylight the house was in ashes."<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 10  As an adult, Berlin said he was unaware of being raised in abject poverty since he knew no other life.<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 19  The Berlins were one of hundreds of thousands of Jewish families who emigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s, escaping discrimination, poverty and brutal <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a>. Other such families included those of <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Tucker" title="Sophie Tucker">Sophie Tucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/L._Wolfe_Gilbert" title="L. Wolfe Gilbert">L. Wolfe Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Yellen" title="Jack Yellen">Jack Yellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> (of <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 14  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Settling_in_New_York_City">Settling in New York City</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settling in New York City">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LES,_1910.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LES%2C_1910.JPG/240px-LES%2C_1910.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LES%2C_1910.JPG/360px-LES%2C_1910.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/LES%2C_1910.JPG/480px-LES%2C_1910.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Lower East Side in 1910</figcaption></figure> After their arrival in New York City, the Baline family lived briefly in a basement flat on Monroe Street, and then moved to a three-room tenement at 330 <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> His father, unable to find comparable work as a cantor in New York, took a job at a <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> meat market and gave Hebrew lessons on the side to support his family. He died a few years later when Irving was thirteen years old.<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a> With only a few years of schooling, eight-year-old Irving began helping to support his family.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> He became a newspaper boy, hawking The Evening Journal. One day while delivering newspapers, according to Berlin's biographer and friend, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott" title="Alexander Woollcott">Alexander Woollcott</a>, he stopped to look at a ship departing for China and became so entranced that he did not see a swinging crane, which knocked him into the river. When he was fished out after going down for the third time, he was still holding in his clenched fist the five pennies he earned that day.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Woollcott-17">[17]</a> His mother took a job as a <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">midwife</a>, and three of his sisters worked wrapping cigars, common for immigrant girls. His older brother worked in a sweatshop assembling shirts. Each evening, when the family came home from their day's work, Bergreen writes, "they would deposit the coins they had earned that day into Lena's outspread apron."<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a> : 11  Music historian <a href="/wiki/Philip_Furia" title="Philip Furia">Philip Furia</a> writes that when "Izzy" began to sell newspapers in the <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a>, he was exposed to the music and sounds coming from saloons and restaurants that lined the crowded streets. Young Berlin sang some of the songs he heard while selling papers, and people would toss him some coins. He confessed to his mother one evening that his newest ambition in life was to become a singing waiter in a saloon.<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a>: 48  From this he stepped up to work as a <a href="/wiki/Song_plugger" title="Song plugger">song plugger</a> and singing waiter in cafes and restaurants in the downtown areas of New York City. His first lyric, written with a café pianist, earned him a royalty of thirty-seven cents.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> However, before Berlin was fourteen his meager income was still adding less than his sisters' to the family's budget, which made him feel worthless.<a href="#cite_note-Woollcott-17">[17]</a> He then decided to leave home and join the city's ragged army of other young immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 15  He lived in the Bowery, taking up residence in one of the lodging houses that sheltered the thousands of other homeless boys in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>. Bergreen describes them as being uncharitable living quarters, "<a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickensian</a> in their meanness, filth, and insensitivity to ordinary human beings."<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 15  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_jobs">Early jobs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early jobs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg/330px-Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg/440px-Irving_Berlin_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Berlin at his first job with a music publisher, aged 18</figcaption></figure> Having left school around the age of thirteen,<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> Berlin had few survival skills and realized that formal employment was out of the question. His only ability was acquired from his father's vocation as a singer, and he joined with several other youngsters who went to saloons on the Bowery and sang to customers. Itinerant young singers like them were common on the Lower East Side. Berlin would sing a few of the popular ballads he heard on the street, hoping people would pitch him a few pennies. From these seamy surroundings, he became streetwise, with real and lasting education. Music was his only source of income, and he picked up the language and culture of the <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-Early_Career_of_Irving_Berlin-20">[20]</a> Berlin learned what kind of songs appealed to audiences, writes Bergreen: "well-known tunes expressing simple sentiments were the most reliable."<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 17  He soon began <a href="/wiki/Song-plugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-plugger">plugging songs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pastor" title="Tony Pastor">Tony Pastor</a>'s Music Hall in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a> and, in 1906, when he was 18, got a job as a singing waiter at the Pelham Cafe in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a>. Besides serving drinks, he sang made-up "<a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">blue</a>" parodies of hit songs to the delight of customers. Biographer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hamm" title="Charles Hamm">Charles Hamm</a> writes that in Berlin's free time after hours, he taught himself to play the piano.<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-21">[21]</a> Never having had lessons, after the bar closed for the night, young Berlin would sit at a piano in the back and begin improvising tunes.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", written in collaboration with the Pelham's resident pianist Mike Nicholson,<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights.<a href="#cite_note-Starr_2009,_pg._64-4">[4]</a> The sheet music to the published song presented his name as "I. Berlin".<a href="#cite_note-Freedland-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_(1907_portrait,_NPG.93.388.3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg/330px-Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg/440px-Irving_Berlin_%281907_portrait%2C_NPG.93.388.3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3221" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Berlin photographed in 1907 in Pach Brothers Studio</figcaption></figure> Berlin continued writing and playing music at Pelham Cafe and developing an early style. He liked the words to other people's songs but sometimes the rhythms were "kind of boggy," and he might change them. One night he delivered some hits composed by his friend <a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan" title="George M. Cohan">George M. Cohan</a>, another kid who was getting known on Broadway with his own songs. When Berlin ended with Cohan's "Yankee Doodle Boy", notes Whitcomb, "everybody in the joint applauded the feisty little fellow." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition_as_songwriter">Recognition as songwriter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recognition as songwriter">edit</a>]</div> Max Winslow (c. 1883–1942), a staff member at music publisher <a href="/wiki/Harry_Von_Tilzer" title="Harry Von Tilzer">Harry Von Tilzer</a> Company, noticed Berlin's singing on many occasions and became so taken with his talent that he tried to get him a job with his firm.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Von Tilzer said that Max claimed to have "discovered a great kid", and raved about him so much that Von Tilzer hired Berlin.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-21">[21]</a>: viii  In 1908, when he was 20, Berlin took a new job at a saloon named Jimmy Kelly's in the Union Square neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> There, he was able to collaborate with other young songwriters, such as <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Leslie" title="Edgar Leslie">Edgar Leslie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Snyder" title="Ted Snyder">Ted Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Piantadosi" title="Al Piantadosi">Al Piantadosi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_A._Whiting" title="George A. Whiting">George A. Whiting</a>. In 1909, the year of the premiere of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Zangwill" title="Israel Zangwill">Israel Zangwill</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Melting_Pot_(play)" title="The Melting Pot (play)">The Melting Pot</a>, he got another big break as a staff lyricist with the <a href="/wiki/Ted_Snyder_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted Snyder Company">Ted Snyder Company</a>. Installed as a staff lyricist with a leading Tin Pan Alley music publishing house, Berlin quickly established himself as one of that frantic industry's top writers of words to other composer's melodies. By 1910 he was already in demand and even appeared in a Shubert Broadway revue performing his own songs.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> It was purely by chance that Berlin started composing music to the words of his songs. A lyric he had submitted to a publisher was thought to be complete with music. Not wishing to lose the sale, Berlin quickly wrote a melody. It was accepted and published. The success of this first effort opened the door to his career as a composer of music as well as lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> In 1910, Berlin wrote a hit that solidly established him as one of Tin Pan Alley's leading composers. Alexander's Ragtime Band not only popularized the vogue for "ragtime", but later inspired a major motion picture.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Songwriting_career">Songwriting career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Songwriting career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_1920">Before 1920</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Before 1920">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="255" data-mwtitle="Alexander's_Ragtime_Band_-_Billy_Murray.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_-_Billy_Murray.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_-_Billy_Murray.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_-_Billy_Murray.ogg/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_-_Billy_Murray.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>"Alexander's Ragtime Band", performed by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Murray_(singer)" title="Billy Murray (singer)">Billy Murray</a>, Edison Amberol cylinder, 1911</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Alexander's_Ragtime_Band"_(1911)">"Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;">Ragtime a Form of Insanity</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> 'Alexander's Ragtime Band' is a public menace....Hysteria is the form of insanity that an abnormal love for ragtime seems to produce. It is as much a mental disease as acute mania—it has the same symptoms. When there is nothing done to check this form it produces idiocy. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Dr. Ludwig Gruener German newspaper story<a href="#cite_note-Leopold-24">[24]</a>: 23 </cite> </div> Berlin rose as a songwriter in <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>. In 1911, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Carus" title="Emma Carus">Emma Carus</a> introduced his first world-famous hit, "<a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a>", followed by a performance from Berlin himself at the Friars' Frolic of 1911 with <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Hess">Clifford Hess</a> as his accompanist.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> He became an instant celebrity, and the featured performer later that year at <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_I" title="Oscar Hammerstein I">Oscar Hammerstein</a>'s vaudeville house, where he introduced dozens of other songs. The New York Telegraph described how two hundred of his street friends came to see "their boy" onstage: "All the little writer could do was to finger the buttons on his coat while tears ran down his cheeks—in a vaudeville house!"<a href="#cite_note-Hamm-21">[21]</a>: ix  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG/220px-Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG/330px-Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG/440px-Irving_Berlin_-_Ragtime.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption>Berlin with film stars <a href="/wiki/Alice_Faye" title="Alice Faye">Alice Faye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Ameche" title="Don Ameche">Don Ameche</a> singing chorus from "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1938)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Richard Corliss</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> profile of Berlin, described "Alexander's Ragtime Band" as a march, not a <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">rag</a>, "its savviest musicality comprised quotes from a <a href="/wiki/Bugle_call" title="Bugle call">bugle call</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Swanee_River_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanee River (song)">Swanee River</a>". The tune revived the <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> fervor that <a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> had begun a decade earlier, and made Berlin a songwriting star.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> From its first and subsequent releases, the song was near the top of the charts as others sang it: <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a>, in 1927, and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, in 1937; No. 1 by <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> and Connee Boswell; <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> in 1945; <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>, in 1947 and <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Lutcher" title="Nellie Lutcher">Nellie Lutcher</a> in 1948. Add <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Big-band" class="mw-redirect" title="Big-band">big-band</a> version in 1959, and "Alexander" had a dozen hit versions in just under a half century.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Initially the song was not recognized as a hit, however; Broadway producer <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lasky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Lasky">Jesse Lasky</a> was uncertain about using it, although he did include it in his "Follies" show. It was performed as an instrumental but did not impress audiences, and was soon dropped from the show's score. Berlin regarded it as a failure. He then wrote lyrics to the score, played it again in another Broadway review, and this time Variety news weekly called it "the musical sensation of the decade".<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 68  Composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, foreseeing its influence, said it was "the first real American musical work", adding, "Berlin had shown us the way; it was now easier to attain our ideal."<a href="#cite_note-Gershwin-8">[8]</a>: 117  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sparking_a_national_dance_craze">Sparking a national dance craze</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sparking a national dance craze">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City,_circa_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg/170px-Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg/255px-Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg/340px-Irving_Berlin_in_New_York_City%2C_circa_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>Enjoying early success in New York, c. 1911</figcaption></figure> Berlin was "flabbergasted" by the sudden international popularity of the song, and wondered why it became a sudden hit. He decided it was partly because the lyrics, "silly though it was, was fundamentally right ... [and] the melody ... started the heels and shoulders of all America and a good section of Europe to rocking."<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a>: 69  In 1913, Berlin was featured in the London revue Hello Ragtime, where he introduced "<a href="/wiki/That_International_Rag" title="That International Rag">That International Rag</a>", a song he had written for the occasion.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> <dl><dt>Watch Your Step</dt></dl> Furia writes that the international success of "Alexander's Ragtime Band" gave <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> "new life and sparked a national dance craze". Two dancers who expressed that craze were <a href="/wiki/Vernon_and_Irene_Castle" title="Vernon and Irene Castle">Vernon and Irene Castle</a>. In 1914, Berlin wrote a ragtime revue, <a href="/wiki/Watch_Your_Step_(musical)" title="Watch Your Step (musical)">Watch Your Step</a>, which starred the couple and showcased their talents on stage. That musical revue became Berlin's first complete score with songs that "radiated musical and lyrical sophistication". Berlin's songs signified <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a>, and they signified the cultural struggle between <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> gentility and the "purveyors of liberation, indulgence, and leisure", says Furia. The song "<a href="/wiki/Play_a_Simple_Melody" title="Play a Simple Melody">Play a Simple Melody</a>" became the first of his famous "double" songs in which two different melodies and lyrics are <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpointed</a> against one another.<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Variety called Watch Your Step the "first syncopated musical", where the "sets and the girls were gorgeous". Berlin was then 26, and the success of the show was riding on his name alone. Variety said the show was a "terrific hit" from its opening night. It compared Berlin's newfound status as a composer with that of the Times building: "That youthful marvel of syncopated melody is proving things in Watch Your Step, firstly that he is not alone a rag composer, and that he is one of the greatest lyric writers America has ever produced."<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 173  Whitcomb also points out the irony that Russia, the country Berlin's family was forced to leave, flung itself into "the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania". For example, Prince <a href="/wiki/Felix_Yusupov" title="Felix Yusupov">Felix Yusupov</a>, a recent Oxford undergraduate of Russian noble lineage and heir to the largest estate in Russia, was described by his dance partner as "wriggling around the ballroom like a demented worm, screaming for 'more ragtime and more champagne'".<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 183  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Simple_and_romantic_ballads">Simple and romantic ballads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Simple and romantic ballads">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: MistyRose;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> My ambition is to reach the heart of the average American, not the highbrow nor the lowbrow but that vast intermediate crew which is the real soul of the country. The highbrow is likely to be superficial, overtrained, supersensitive. The lowbrow is warped, subnormal. My public is the real people. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Irving Berlin<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a>: 11 </cite> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin-Jolson27.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Berlin-Jolson27.JPG/170px-Berlin-Jolson27.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Berlin-Jolson27.JPG/255px-Berlin-Jolson27.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Berlin-Jolson27.JPG/340px-Berlin-Jolson27.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a> (r), star of <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a>, c. 1927</figcaption></figure> Some of the songs Berlin created came out of his own sadness. For instance, in 1912 he married <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Goetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Goetz">Dorothy Goetz</a>, the sister of songwriter <a href="/wiki/E._Ray_Goetz" title="E. Ray Goetz">E. Ray Goetz</a>. She died six months later of <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> contracted during their honeymoon in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>. The song he wrote to express his grief, "When I Lost You", was his first ballad. It was an immediate popular hit and sold more than a million copies.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> He began to realize that ragtime was not a good musical style for serious romantic expression, and over the next few years adapted his style by writing more love songs.<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a> In 1915 he wrote the hit "I Love a Piano", a comical and erotic ragtime love song.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> By 1918 he had written hundreds of songs, mostly topical, which enjoyed brief popularity. Many of the songs were for the new dances then appearing, such as the <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Bear_(dance)" title="Grizzly Bear (dance)">grizzly bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_walks" title="Chicken walks">chicken walk</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Foxtrot" title="Foxtrot">foxtrot</a>. After a Hawaiian dance craze began, he wrote "That Hula-Hula", and then did a string of Southern songs, such as "When the Midnight Choo-Choo Leaves for Alabam". During this period, he was creating a few new songs every week, including songs aimed at the various immigrant cultures arriving from Europe. On one occasion, Berlin, whose face was still not known, was on a train trip and decided to entertain the fellow passengers with some music. They asked him how he knew so many hit songs, and Berlin modestly replied, "I wrote them."<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a>: 53  An important song that Berlin wrote during his transition from writing ragtime to lyrical ballads was "<a href="/wiki/A_Pretty_Girl_is_Like_a_Melody" class="mw-redirect" title="A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody">A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody</a>", which became one of Berlin's "first big guns", says historian <a href="/wiki/Alec_Wilder" title="Alec Wilder">Alec Wilder</a>. The song was written for <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziegfeld">Ziegfeld</a>'s Follies of 1919 and became the musical's lead song. Its popularity was so great that it later became the theme for all of Ziegfeld's revues, and the theme song in the 1936 film <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ziegfeld" title="The Great Ziegfeld">The Great Ziegfeld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Wilder puts it on the same level as <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a>'s "pure melodies", and in comparison with Berlin's earlier music, says it is "extraordinary that such a development in style and sophistication should have taken place in a single year".<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a>: 53  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: World War I">edit</a>]</div> On April 1, 1917, after President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> declared that America would enter <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Berlin felt that <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> should do its duty and support the war with inspirational songs. Berlin wrote the song "For Your Country and My Country", stating that "we must speak with the sword not the pen to show our appreciation to America for opening up her heart and welcoming every immigrant group." He also co-wrote a song aimed at ending ethnic conflict, "Let's All Be Americans Now".<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 197  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Yip_Yip_Yaphank">Yip Yip Yaphank</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yip Yip Yaphank">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> At the grand finale... Sergeant Berlin led the entire 300-person cast off the stage, marching them down the theater's aisles, singing 'We're on Our Way to France,' all to tumultuous applause. The cast carried off their little producer like he was victor ludorum ... Tin Pan Alley had joined hands with real life </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— biographer <a href="/wiki/Ian_Whitcomb" title="Ian Whitcomb">Ian Whitcomb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whitcomb-16">[16]</a>: 199 <a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></cite> </div> In 1917, Berlin was drafted into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, and his induction became headline news, with one paper headline reading, "Army Takes Berlin!" But the Army wanted Berlin, now aged 30, to do what he knew best: write songs. While stationed with the <a href="/wiki/152nd_Depot_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="152nd Depot Brigade">152nd Depot Brigade</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Upton" title="Camp Upton">Camp Upton</a>, he then composed an all-soldier musical revue titled <a href="/wiki/Yip_Yip_Yaphank" title="Yip Yip Yaphank">Yip Yip Yaphank</a>, written as a patriotic tribute to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. The show was taken to Broadway where it also included a number of hits, including "<a href="/wiki/Mandy_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Mandy (Irving Berlin song)">Mandy</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Oh!_How_I_Hate_to_Get_Up_in_the_Morning" title="Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning">Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning</a>", which Berlin performed himself.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> The shows earned $150,000 for a camp service center. One song he wrote for the show but decided not to use, he would introduce 20 years later: "God Bless America".<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920_to_1940">1920 to 1940</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1920 to 1940">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin-doorway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Berlin-doorway.jpg/220px-Berlin-doorway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Berlin-doorway.jpg/330px-Berlin-doorway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Berlin-doorway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg/220px-IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg/330px-IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg/440px-IllSeeYouInCUBAcover.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>I'll See You in C-U-B-A, cover of 1920 sheet music</figcaption></figure> Berlin returned to <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> after the war and in 1921 created a partnership with Sam Harris to build the <a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Box Theater">Music Box Theater</a>. He maintained an interest in the theater throughout his life, and even in his last years was known to call the <a href="/wiki/Shubert_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a>, his partner, to check on the receipts. In its early years, the theater was a showcase for revues by Berlin. As theater owner, producer and composer, he looked after every detail of his shows, from the costumes and sets to the casting and musical arrangements.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Dreaming-31">[31]</a> According to Berlin biographer David Leopold, the theater, located at 239 West 45th St., was the only Broadway house built to accommodate the works of a songwriter. It was the home of Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Revue" title="Music Box Revue">Music Box Revue</a> from 1921 to 1925 and <a href="/wiki/As_Thousands_Cheer" title="As Thousands Cheer">As Thousands Cheer</a> in 1933 and today includes an exhibition devoted to Berlin in the lobby.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Various_hit_songs_by_Berlin">Various hit songs by Berlin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Various hit songs by Berlin">edit</a>]</div> By 1926, Berlin had written the scores to two editions of the Ziegfeld Follies and four annual editions of his Music Box Revue. These shows spanned the years of 1921–1926, premiering songs such as "Say It With Music", "Everybody Step", and "Pack Up Your Things and Go to the Devil".<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Life magazine called Berlin the "Lullaby Kid", noting that "couples at country-club dances grew misty-eyed when the band went into 'Always', because they were positive that Berlin had written it just for them. When they quarreled and parted in the bitter-sweetness of the 1920s, it was Berlin who gave eloquence to their heartbreak by way of '<a href="/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do" title="What'll I Do">What'll I Do</a>' and 'Remember' and 'All Alone'".<a href="#cite_note-Life-33">[33]</a> <dl><dt>"<a href="/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What'll I Do?">What'll I Do?</a>" (1924)</dt></dl> This ballad of love and longing was a hit record for <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> and had several other successful recordings in 1924. Twenty-four years later, the song went to no. 22 for <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> and no. 23 for <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> <dl><dt>"<a href="/wiki/Always_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Always (Irving Berlin song)">Always</a>" (1925)</dt></dl> Written when he fell in love with <a href="/wiki/Ellin_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellin Mackay">Ellin Mackay</a>, who later became his wife. The song became a hit twice (for <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lopez" title="Vincent Lopez">Vincent Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Olsen" title="George Olsen">George Olsen</a>) in its first incarnation. There were four more hit versions in 1944–45. In 1959, <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Turner" title="Sammy Turner">Sammy Turner</a> took the song to no. 2 on the R&B chart. It became <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a>'s postmortem anthem and hit no. 18 on the country chart in 1980, 17 years after her death, and a tribute musical called "Always... Patsy Cline", played a two-year <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> run that ended in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a> included a cover of this song on his 1992 release <a href="/wiki/The_Future_(Leonard_Cohen_album)" title="The Future (Leonard Cohen album)">The Future (Leonard Cohen album)</a>. <dl><dt>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1926_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Skies (1926 song)">Blue Skies</a>" (1926)</dt></dl> Written after his first daughter's birth, he distilled his feelings about being married and a father for the first time: "Blue days, all of them gone; nothing but blue skies, from now on."<a href="#cite_note-DVD-34">[34]</a> The song was introduced by Belle Baker in Betsy, a Ziegfeld production.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> It became a hit recording for <a href="/wiki/Ben_Selvin" title="Ben Selvin">Ben Selvin</a> and one of several Berlin hits in 1927. It was performed by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a> in the first feature sound film, <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a>, that same year. In 1946, it returned to the top 10 on the charts with <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>. In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> made the song a no. 1 country hit, 52 years after it was written.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> <dl><dt>"<a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_On_the_Ritz" title="Puttin' On the Ritz">Puttin' On the Ritz</a>" (1928)</dt></dl> An instant standard with one of Berlin's most "intricately syncopated choruses", this song is associated with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, who sang and danced to it in the 1946 film Blue Skies. The song was written in 1928 with a separate set of lyrics and was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Richman" title="Harry Richman">Harry Richman</a> in a 1930 film of the same name. In 1939, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> sang it in the movie Idiot's Delight. In 1974 it was featured in the movie <a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>, and was a no. 4 hit for <a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Taco_Ockerse" class="mw-redirect" title="Taco Ockerse">Taco</a> in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In 2012 it was used for a <a href="/wiki/Flash_mob" title="Flash mob">flash mob</a> wedding event in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <dl><dt>"Marie" (1929)</dt></dl> This waltz-time song was a hit for <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Rudy Vallée">Rudy Vallée</a> in 1929, and in 1937, updated to a four-quarter-time <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a> arrangement, was a top hit for <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</a>. It was on the charts at no. 13 in 1953 for <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Tunes" title="The Four Tunes">The Four Tunes</a> and at no. 15 for <a href="/wiki/The_Bachelors" title="The Bachelors">the Bachelors</a> in 1965, 36 years after its first appearance.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> <dl><dt>"Say It Isn't So" (1932)</dt></dl> Rudy Vallée performed it on his radio show, and the song was a hit for <a href="/wiki/George_Olsen" title="George Olsen">George Olsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connee_Boswell" title="Connee Boswell">Connee Boswell</a> (she was still known as Connie), and <a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Nelson" title="Ozzie Nelson">Ozzie Nelson</a>'s band. <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> produced a single of the song in 1963, 31 years later.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Furia notes that when Vallée first introduced the song on his radio show, the "song not only became an overnight hit, it saved Vallée's marriage: The Vallées had planned to get a divorce, but after Vallée sang Berlin's romantic lyrics on the air, "both he and his wife dissolved in tears" and decided to stay together.<a href="#cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">[18]</a> <dl><dt>"I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm" (1937)</dt></dl> Performed by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a> in the 1937 film On the Avenue. Later it had four top-12 versions, including by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Les_Brown_(bandleader)" title="Les Brown (bandleader)">Les Brown</a>, who took it to no. 1.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""God_Bless_America"_(1938)">"God Bless America" (1938)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "God Bless America" (1938)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The song's introduction at that time enshrines a strain of official patriotism intertwined with a religious faith that runs deep in the American psyche. Patriotic razzle-dazzle, sophisticated melancholy and humble sentiments: Berlin songs span the emotional terrain of America with a thoroughness that others may have equaled but none have surpassed. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a></cite> </div> The song was written by Berlin twenty years earlier, but he filed it away until 1938 when <a href="/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a> needed a patriotic song to mark the 20th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Armistice_Day" title="Armistice Day">Armistice Day</a>, celebrating the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Its release near the end of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a>, which had by then gone on for nine years, enshrined a "strain of official patriotism intertwined with a religious faith that runs deep in the American psyche," stated <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> Berlin's daughter, Mary Ellin Barrett, states that the song was actually "very personal" for her father, and was intended as an expression of his deep gratitude to the nation for merely "allowing" him, an immigrant raised in poverty, to become a successful songwriter.<a href="#cite_note-interview-37">[37]</a> "To me," said Berlin, "'God Bless America' was not just a song but an expression of my feeling toward the country to which I owe what I have and what I am."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The Economist magazine writes that "Berlin was producing a deep-felt paean to the country that had given him what he would have said was everything."<a href="#cite_note-Economist89-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg/220px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg/330px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg/440px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_Crowd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4241" data-file-height="2817" /></a><figcaption>Singing "<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a>" at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Memorial" title="Pentagon Memorial">memorial</a> dedication, September 11, 2008</figcaption></figure> It quickly became a second <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> after America entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> a few years later. Over the decades it has earned millions for the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_USA" title="Girl Scouts of the USA">Girl Scouts</a>, to whom Berlin assigned all royalties.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith-30">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] In 1954, Berlin received a special <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> for contributing the song.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The song was heard after September 11, 2001, as U.S. senators and congressmen stood on the capitol steps and sang it after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. It is often played by sports teams such as major league baseball. The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> hockey team started playing it before crucial contests. When the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">U.S. Olympic hockey team</a> pulled off the "greatest upset in sports history," referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>", the players spontaneously sang it as Americans were overcome by patriotism.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_songs">Other songs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other songs">edit</a>]</div> Though most of his works for the Broadway stage took the form of revues—collections of songs with no unifying plot—he did write a number of book shows. <a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts" title="The Cocoanuts">The Cocoanuts</a> (1929) was a light comedy with a cast featuring, among others, the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Face_the_Music_(musical)" title="Face the Music (musical)">Face the Music</a> (1932) was a political satire with a book by <a href="/wiki/Moss_Hart" title="Moss Hart">Moss Hart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_(musical)" title="Louisiana Purchase (musical)">Louisiana Purchase</a> (1940) was a satire of a Southern politician obviously based on the exploits of <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a>. <a href="/wiki/As_Thousands_Cheer" title="As Thousands Cheer">As Thousands Cheer</a> (1933) was a revue, also with book by Moss Hart, with a theme: each number was presented as an item in a newspaper, some of them touching on issues of the day. The show yielded a succession of hit songs, including "<a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(song)" title="Easter Parade (song)">Easter Parade</a>" sung by Marilyn Miller and Clifton Webb, "<a href="/wiki/Heat_Wave_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Heat Wave (Irving Berlin song)">Heat Wave</a>" (presented as the weather forecast), "Harlem on My Mind", and "<a href="/wiki/Supper_Time" title="Supper Time">Supper Time</a>", a song about racial violence inspired by a newspaper headline about a lynching, sung by <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a>. She once said about the song, "If one song can tell the whole tragic history of a race, 'Supper Time' was that song. In singing it I was telling my comfortable, well-fed, well-dressed listeners about my people...those who had been slaves and those who were now downtrodden and oppressed."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1941_to_1962">1941 to 1962</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1941 to 1962">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II_patriotism—"This_is_the_Army"_(1943)">World War II patriotism—"This is the Army" (1943)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: World War II patriotism—"This is the Army" (1943)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas,_944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg/330px-Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg/440px-Irving_Berlin_aboard_the_USS_Arkansas%2C_944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Irving Berlin singing and conducting aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)" title="USS Arkansas (BB-33)">USS Arkansas</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> Berlin loved his country, and wrote many songs reflecting his patriotism. Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Henry Morgenthau</a> requested a song to inspire Americans to buy <a href="/wiki/War_bond" title="War bond">war bonds</a>, for which he wrote "Any Bonds Today?"<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> He assigned all royalties to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury Department">United States Treasury Department</a>. He then wrote songs for various government agencies and likewise assigned all profits to them: "Angels of Mercy" for the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>; "Arms for the Love of America", for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">U.S. Army Ordnance Department</a>; and "I Paid My Income Tax Today",<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> again to Treasury.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> When the United States joined <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> in December 1941, Berlin immediately began composing a number of patriotic songs. His most notable and valuable contribution to the war effort was a stage show he wrote called "<a href="/wiki/This_Is_The_Army_(musical)" title="This Is The Army (musical)">This Is The Army</a>". It was taken to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> and then on to Washington, D.C. (where President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> attended). It was eventually shown at military bases throughout the world, including London, North Africa, Italy, Middle East, and Pacific countries, sometimes in close proximity to battle zones. Berlin wrote nearly three dozen songs for the show which contained a cast of 300 men. He supervised the production and traveled with it, always singing "<a href="/wiki/Oh!_How_I_Hate_to_Get_Up_in_the_Morning" title="Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning">Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning</a>". The show kept him away from his family for three and a half years, during which time he took neither salary nor expenses, and turned over all profits to the Army Emergency Relief Fund.<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a>: 81  The play was adapted into a movie of the same name in 1943, directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a>, co-starring <a href="/wiki/Joan_Leslie" title="Joan Leslie">Joan Leslie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, who was then an army lieutenant. <a href="/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a> also sang "God Bless America" in the film with a backdrop showing families anxious over the coming war. The show became a hit movie and a morale-boosting road show that toured the battlefronts of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Barrett-46">[46]</a> The shows and movie combined raised more than $10 million for the Army,<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> and in recognition of his contributions to troop morale, Berlin was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_for_Merit" title="Medal for Merit">Medal for Merit</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>. His daughter, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellin_Barrett" title="Mary Ellin Barrett">Mary Ellin Barrett</a>, who was 15 when she was at the opening-night performance of "<a href="/wiki/This_is_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="This is the Army">This is the Army</a>" on Broadway, remembered that when her father, who normally shunned the spotlight, appeared in the second act in soldier's garb to sing "Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning", he was greeted with a standing ovation that lasted 10 minutes. She adds that he was in his mid-50s at the time, and later declared those years with the show were the "most thrilling time of his life".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Barrett-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(1946)">Annie Get Your Gun (1946)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Annie Get Your Gun (1946)">edit</a>]</div> The grueling tours Berlin did performing "This Is The Army" left him exhausted, but when his longtime close friend <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a>, who was the composer for <a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a>, died suddenly, producers <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers_and_Oscar_Hammerstein_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II">Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II</a> persuaded Berlin to take over composing the score. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: MistyRose;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> What distinguishes Berlin is the brilliance of his lyrics. 'You Can't Get a Man With a Gun'—that's as good a comic song as has ever been written by anybody. You look at the jokes and how quickly they're told, and it still has a plot to it. It's sophisticated and very underrated. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— composer-lyricist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></cite> </div> Loosely based on the life of sharpshooter <a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a>, the music and lyrics were written by Berlin, with a book by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Fields" title="Herbert Fields">Herbert Fields</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a>, and directed by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a>. At first Berlin refused to take on the job, claiming that he knew nothing about "<a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">hillbilly</a> music", but the show ran for 1,147 performances and became his most successful score and biggest box office success.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> It is said that the showstopper song "<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="There's No Business Like Show Business (song)">There's No Business Like Show Business</a>" was almost left out of the show altogether because Berlin mistakenly thought that Rodgers and Hammerstein didn't like it. However, it became the "ultimate uptempo show tune". On the origin of another of the play's leading songs, Logan described how he and Hammerstein privately discussed wanting another duet between Annie and Frank. Berlin overheard their conversation, and although the show was to go into rehearsal within days, he wrote the song <a href="/wiki/Anything_You_Can_Do_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anything You Can Do (song)">"Anything You Can Do"</a> a few hours later.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> One reviewer commented about the play's score, that "its tough wisecracking lyrics are as tersely all-knowing as its melody, which is nailed down in brassy syncopated lines that have been copied—but never equaled in sheer melodic memorability—by hundreds of theater composers ever since."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> Singer and musicologist Susannah McCorkle writes that the score "meant more to me than ever, now that I knew that he wrote it after a grueling world tour and years of separation from his wife and daughters."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a>: 81  Historian and composer <a href="/wiki/Alec_Wilder" title="Alec Wilder">Alec Wilder</a> says that the perfection of the score, when compared to his earlier works, was "a profound shock".<a href="#cite_note-Wilder-50">[50]</a>: 94  Apparently the "creative spurt" in which Berlin turned out several songs for the score in a single weekend was an anomaly. According to his daughter, he usually "sweated blood" to write his songs.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Barrett-46">[46]</a> Annie Get Your Gun is considered to be Berlin's best musical theatre score not only because of the number of hits it contains, but because its songs successfully combine character and plot development. The song "There's No Business Like Show Business" became "<a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a>'s trademark".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Final_shows">Final shows</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Final shows">edit</a>]</div> Berlin's next show, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Liberty" title="Miss Liberty">Miss Liberty</a> (1949), was disappointing, but <a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a> (1950), starring <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> as Sally Adams, a Washington, D.C., socialite, loosely based on the famous Washington hostess <a href="/wiki/Perle_Mesta" title="Perle Mesta">Perle Mesta</a>, fared better, giving him his second-greatest success. Berlin made two attempts to write a musical about his friend, the colorful <a href="/wiki/Addison_Mizner" title="Addison Mizner">Addison Mizner</a>, and Addison's <a href="/wiki/Con_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Con man">con-man</a> brother <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Mizner" title="Wilson Mizner">Wilson</a>. The first was the uncompleted The Last Resorts (1952); a manuscript of Act I is in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wise_Guy_(musical)" title="Wise Guy (musical)">Wise Guy</a> (1956) was completed but never produced, although songs have been published and recorded on The Unsung Irving Berlin (1995). After a failed attempt at retirement, in 1962, at the age of 74, he returned to Broadway with <a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(musical)" title="Mr. President (musical)">Mr. President</a>. Although it ran for eight months, (with the premiere attended by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>), it was not one of his successful plays.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Afterwards, Berlin officially announced his retirement and spent his remaining years in New York. He did, however, write one new song, "An Old-Fashioned Wedding", for the 1966 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> revival of Annie Get Your Gun starring Ethel Merman. Though he lived 23 more years, this would be one of Berlin's final published compositions. Berlin maintained a low profile through the last decades of his life, almost never appearing in public after the late 1960s, even for events held in his honor. However, he continued to maintain control of his songs through his own music publishing company, which remained in operation for the rest of his life. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_scores">Film scores</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Film scores">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s–1950s">1920s–1950s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1920s–1950s">edit</a>]</div> In 1927, his song "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1926_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Skies (1926 song)">Blue Skies</a>", was featured in the first feature-length <a href="/wiki/Talkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkie">talkie</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>. Later, movies such as <a href="/wiki/Top_Hat" title="Top Hat">Top Hat</a> (1935) became the first of a series of distinctive film musicals by Berlin starring performers <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Faye" title="Alice Faye">Alice Faye</a>. Top Hat featured a brand new score, as did several more, including <a href="/wiki/Follow_the_Fleet" title="Follow the Fleet">Follow the Fleet</a> (1936), <a href="/wiki/On_the_Avenue" title="On the Avenue">On the Avenue</a> (1937), <a href="/wiki/Carefree_(film)" title="Carefree (film)">Carefree</a> (1938), and <a href="/wiki/Second_Fiddle_(1939_film)" title="Second Fiddle (1939 film)">Second Fiddle</a> (1939). Starting with <a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_(film)" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band (film)">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a> (1938), he often blended new songs with existing ones from his catalog. He continued this process with the films <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(film)" title="Holiday Inn (film)">Holiday Inn</a> (1942), <a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1946_film)" title="Blue Skies (1946 film)">Blue Skies</a> (1946) and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(film)" title="Easter Parade (film)">Easter Parade</a> (1948), with <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> and Fred Astaire, and <a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business_(film)" title="There's No Business Like Show Business (film)">There's No Business Like Show Business</a> (1954).<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""White_Christmas"_(1942)">"White Christmas" (1942)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: "White Christmas" (1942)">edit</a>]</div> The 1942 film <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(film)" title="Holiday Inn (film)">Holiday Inn</a> introduced "<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>", one of the most recorded songs in history. First sung in the film by <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Reynolds" title="Marjorie Reynolds">Marjorie Reynolds</a>, whose voice was dubbed by <a href="/wiki/Martha_Mears" title="Martha Mears">Martha Mears</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>), it has sold over 50 million records and stayed no. 1 on the pop and R&B charts for 10 weeks. Crosby's version is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">best-selling single</a> of all time. Music critic <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holden" title="Stephen Holden">Stephen Holden</a> credits this partly to the fact that "the song also evokes a primal nostalgia—a pure childlike longing for roots, home and childhood—that goes way beyond the greeting imagery."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Richard Corliss</a> also notes that the song was even more significant having been released soon after America entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: [it] "connected with... GIs in their first winter away from home. To them it voiced the ache of separation and the wistfulness they felt for the girl back home, for the innocence of youth...."<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Poet <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> wrote, "We have learned to be a little sad and a little lonesome without being sickly about it. This feeling is caught in the song of a thousand jukeboxes and tune whistled in streets and homes. "I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas'. When we sing that we don't hate anybody. And there are things we love that we're going to have sometimes if the breaks are not too bad against us. Way down under this latest hit of his, Irving Berlin catches us where we love peace."<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> "White Christmas" won Berlin the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for Best Music in an Original Song, one of seven Oscar nominations he received during his career. In subsequent years, it was re-recorded and became a top-10 seller for numerous artists: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Stafford" title="Jo Stafford">Jo Stafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tubb" title="Ernest Tubb">Ernest Tubb</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ravens" title="The Ravens">The Ravens</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Drifters" title="The Drifters">The Drifters</a>. It would also be the last time a Berlin song went to no. 1 upon its release. Berlin is the only Academy Award presenter and Academy Award winner to open the "envelope" and read his or her own name (for "White Christmas"). This result was so awkward for Berlin (since he had to present the Oscar to himself) that the academy changed the rules of protocol the following year to prevent this situation from arising again. Talking about Irving Berlin's "White Christmas", composer–lyricist Garrison Hintz stated that although songwriting can be a complicated process, its final result should sound simple. Considering the fact that "White Christmas" has only eight sentences in the entire song, lyrically Mr. Berlin achieved all that was necessary to eventually sell over 100 million copies and capture the hearts of the American public at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Songwriting_methods">Songwriting methods</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Songwriting methods">edit</a>]</div> According to Saul Bornstein (a.k.a. Sol Bourne, Saul Bourne), Berlin's publishing company manager, "It was a ritual for Berlin to write a complete song, words and music, every day."<a href="#cite_note-Wilder-50">[50]</a>: 92  Berlin said that he "did not believe in inspiration," and felt that although he might be gifted in certain areas, his most successful compositions were the "result of work". He said that he did most of his work under pressure. He would typically begin writing after dinner and continue until 4 or 5 in the morning. "Each day I would attend rehearsals," he said, "and at night write another song and bring it down the next day."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-1916-53">[53]</a> Not always certain about his own writing abilities, he once asked a songwriter friend, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a>, whether he should study composition. "You have a natural gift for words and music," Mr. Herbert told him. "Learning theory might help you a little, but it could cramp your style." Berlin took his advice. Herbert later became a moving force behind the creation of ASCAP, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</a>. In 1914, Berlin joined him as a charter member of the organization that has protected the royalties of composers and writers ever since.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> In 1920, Irving Berlin became a member of <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_auteurs,_compositeurs_et_%C3%A9diteurs_de_musique" class="mw-redirect" title="Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique">SACEM</a>, the French Society of Authors, Composers, and Publishers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> In later years, Berlin emphasized his conviction, saying that "it's the lyrics that makes a song a hit, although the tune, of course, is what makes it last."<a href="#cite_note-Furia-54">[54]</a>: 234  He played almost entirely in the key of <a href="/wiki/F-sharp_major" title="F-sharp major">F sharp</a> so that he could stay on the black keys and owned three <a href="/wiki/Transposing_piano" title="Transposing piano">transposing pianos</a> so as to change keys by moving a lever.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Though Berlin eventually learned how to produce written music, he never changed his method of dictating songs to a "musical secretary".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[a]</a> As a result, Wilder says that many admirers of the music of <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> were unlikely to consider Berlin's work in the same category because they forgot or never realized that Berlin wrote many popular tunes, such as "Soft Lights and Sweet Music", "Supper Time", and "Cheek to Cheek". Some are even more confused because he also wrote more romantic melodies, such as "What'll I Do?" and "Always".<a href="#cite_note-Wilder-50">[50]</a> Wilder adds that "in his lyrics as in his melodies, Berlin reveals a constant awareness of the world around him: the pulse of the times, the society in which his is functioning. There is nothing of the hothouse about his work, urban though it may be."<a href="#cite_note-Wilder-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_styles">Music styles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Music styles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> His music has that vitality—both rhythmic and melodic—which never seems to lose any of its exuberant freshness; it has that rich, colorful melodic flow which is ever the wonder of all those of who, too, compose songs; his ideas are endless. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a><a href="#cite_note-Gershwin-8">[8]</a>: 117 </cite> </div> Composer <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a> recognized that the essence of Irving Berlin's lyrics was his "faith in the American vernacular" and was so profound that his best-known songs "seem indivisible from the country's history and self-image". Kern, along with <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>, brought together Afro-American, Latin American, rural pop, and European operetta.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> Berlin, however, did not follow that method. Instead, says music critic <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holden" title="Stephen Holden">Stephen Holden</a>, Berlin's songs were always simple, "exquisitely crafted street songs whose diction feels so natural that one scarcely notices the craft....they seem to flow straight out of the rhythms and inflections of everyday speech."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a> Berlin can be credited with helping develop Jazz music. Jeffrey Magee wrote how his song "Everybody Step" was credited by composers such as Gershwin as one of the most important songs for learning jazz music. Berlin achieved this by using varying rhythms, such as the conventional rag and blues rhythms, as well as bringing in references to African American music.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> It led composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> to claim that he learned from Berlin that ragtime, which later became jazz, "was the only musical idiom in existence that could aptly express America".<a href="#cite_note-Gershwin-8">[8]</a>: 117  Among Berlin's contemporaries was Cole Porter, whose music style was often considered more "witty, sophisticated, [and] dirty," according to musicologist <a href="/wiki/Susannah_McCorkle" title="Susannah McCorkle">Susannah McCorkle</a>. Of the five top songwriters, only Porter and Berlin wrote both their own words and music. However, she notes that Porter, unlike Berlin, was a <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>-educated and wealthy Midwesterner whose songs were not successful until he was in his thirties. She notes further that it was "Berlin [who] got Porter the show that launched his career."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a>: 76  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages">Marriages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Marriages">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg/220px-IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg/330px-IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg/440px-IrvingBerlinFirstWife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6017" data-file-height="4590" /></a><figcaption>Irving Berlin and his first wife Dorothy Goetz in 1912</figcaption></figure> In February 1912, after a brief whirlwind courtship, he married 20-year-old Dorothy Goetz of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, the sister of one of Berlin's collaborators, <a href="/wiki/E._Ray_Goetz" title="E. Ray Goetz">E. Ray Goetz</a>. During their honeymoon in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, she contracted <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a>, and doctors were unable to treat her illness when she returned to New York. She died July 17 of that year. Left with <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_block" title="Writer's block">writer's block</a> for months after Goetz's death, he eventually wrote his first ballad, "<a href="/wiki/When_I_Lost_You" title="When I Lost You">When I Lost You</a>", to express his grief. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg/170px-IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg/255px-IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg/340px-IrvingBerlinEllenMackayBain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="5165" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">With wife <a href="/wiki/Ellin_Berlin" title="Ellin Berlin">Ellin</a>, ca. 1926</div></figcaption></figure> Years later in the 1920s, he fell in love with young author and heiress <a href="/wiki/Ellin_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellin Mackay">Ellin Mackay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-59">[58]</a> Because Berlin was Jewish and she was a Catholic of Irish descent, their life was followed in every possible detail by the press, which found the romance of an immigrant from the Lower East Side and a young heiress a good story.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> Mackay's father, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Mackay" title="Clarence Mackay">Clarence Mackay</a>, the socially prominent head of the Postal Telegraph Cable Company, objected to their marriage.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-59">[58]</a> They had met in 1924, and her father opposed the match from the start. He went so far as to send her off to Europe to find other suitors and forget Berlin. However, Berlin wooed her with letters and songs over the airwaves such as "Remember"<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/All_Alone_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="All Alone (Irving Berlin song)">All Alone</a>", and she wrote him daily.<a href="#cite_note-Barrett-60">[59]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Philip_Furia" title="Philip Furia">Philip Furia</a> writes that newspapers rumored they were engaged before she returned from Europe, and some Broadway shows even performed skits of the "lovelorn songwriter". After her return, she and Berlin were besieged by the press, which followed them everywhere. Variety reported that her father vowed that their marriage "would only happen 'over my dead body.'"<a href="#cite_note-Furia-54">[54]</a> As a result, they decided to elope and were married in a simple civil ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Municipal_Building" title="Manhattan Municipal Building">Municipal Building</a> away from media attention. The wedding news made the front page of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. The marriage took her father by surprise, and he was stunned upon reading about it. The bride's mother, however, who was at the time divorced from Mackay, wanted her daughter to follow the dictates of her own heart. Berlin had gone to her mother's home before the wedding and had obtained her blessing.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-60">[59]</a> There followed reports that the bride's father disowned his daughter because of the marriage. In response, Berlin gave the rights to "Always", a song still played at weddings, to her as a wedding present.<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> Ellin was thereby guaranteed a steady income regardless of what might happen with the marriage. For nearly three years Mackay refused to speak to the Berlins, but they reconciled after the death of the Berlins' son, Irving Berlin Jr., on <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a> 1928, less than one month after he was born.<a href="#cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">[11]</a> Their marriage remained a love affair and they were inseparable until she died in July 1988 at the age of 85. They had four children during their 63 years of marriage: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellin_Barrett" title="Mary Ellin Barrett">Mary Ellin Barrett</a> in 1926, Irving Berlin Jr., who died in infancy in 1928, Linda Louise Emmet in 1932, and Elizabeth Irving Peters in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifestyle">Lifestyle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Lifestyle">edit</a>]</div> In 1916, in the earlier phase of Berlin's career, producer and composer <a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan" title="George M. Cohan">George M. Cohan</a>, during a toast to the young Berlin at a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Friars%27_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Friars' Club">Friar's Club</a> dinner in his honor, said, "The thing I like about Irvie is that although he has moved up-town and made lots of money, it hasn't turned his head. He hasn't forgotten his friends, he doesn't wear funny clothes, and you will find his watch and his handkerchief in his pockets, where they belong."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-1916-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HD.11.040_(10995684853).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg/240px-HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg/360px-HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg/480px-HD.11.040_%2810995684853%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2566" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> in 1909. He said he never forgot his childhood years when he slept under tenement steps, ate scraps, wore secondhand clothes and sold newspapers. "Every man should have a Lower East Side in his life," said Berlin.</figcaption></figure> Furia says that throughout Berlin's life he often returned on foot to his old neighborhoods in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Square (New York City)">Union Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Furia-54">[54]</a> He never forgot those childhood years when he "slept under tenement steps, ate scraps, and wore secondhand clothes," and described those years as hard but good. "Every man should have a Lower East Side in his life," he said. He used to visit The Music Box Theater, which he founded and which still stands at 239 West 45th St. From 1947 to 1989, Berlin's home in New York City was 17 <a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Place</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> George Frazier of Life magazine found Berlin to be "intensely nervous," with a habit of tapping his listener with his index finger to emphasize a point, and continually pressing his hair down in back" and "picking up any stray crumbs left on a table after a meal". While listening, "he leans forward tensely, with his hands clasped below his knees like a prizefighter waiting in his corner for the bell.... For a man who has known so much glory," writes Frazier, "Berlin has somehow managed to retain the enthusiasm of a novice."<a href="#cite_note-Life-33">[33]</a> Berlin's daughter wrote in her memoir that her father was a loving, if workaholic, family man who was "basically an upbeat person, with down periods". In his final decades he retreated from public life.<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a> As such, he did not attend the televised 100th birthday celebration at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Her parents liked to celebrate every single holiday with their children, and "They seemed to understand the importance, particularly in childhood, of the special day, the same every year, the special stories, foods, and decorations and that special sense of well-being that accompanies a holiday."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a>: 80  Although he did comment to his daughter about her mother's lavish Christmas spending, "I gave up trying to get your mother to economize. It was easier just to make more money."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a> Berlin voted for both Democratic and Republican presidential candidates.<a href="#cite_note-Barrett-60">[59]</a> He supported the presidential candidacy of General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>, and his song "I Like Ike" featured prominently in the Eisenhower campaign. In his later years he also became more conservative in his views on music. According to his daughter, "He was consumed by patriotism." He often said, "I owe all my success to my adopted country" and once rejected his lawyers' advice of investing in <a href="/wiki/Tax_shelter" title="Tax shelter">tax shelters</a>, insisting, "I want to pay taxes. I love this country."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a>: 80  Berlin was a <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>, and was a member of Munn Lodge no. 190, New York City, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> Valley of New York City, and Mecca <a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">Shrine</a> Temple.<a href="#cite_note-NYmasons-64">[63]</a> Berlin was a noted member of <a href="/wiki/Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks" title="Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks">The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Centennial_Anniversary_of_Elkdom-65">[64]</a> Berlin was a staunch advocate of civil rights. Berlin was honored in 1944 by the National Conference of Christians and Jews for "advancing the aims of the conference to eliminate religious and racial conflict".<a href="#cite_note-jonon-66">[65]</a> His 1943 production "This Is The Army", was the first integrated division army unit in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> In 1949, the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA) honored him as one of the twelve "most outstanding Americans of Jewish faith".<a href="#cite_note-jonon-66">[65]</a> While he was ethnically and culturally Jewish, he was religiously agnostic.<a href="#cite_note-Barrett-60">[59]</a> Berlin's Civil Rights Movement support also made him a target of FBI Director <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a>, who continuously investigated him for years.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg/220px-Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg/330px-Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg/440px-Irving_Berlin_Grave_1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>The grave of Irving Berlin in <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Bronx)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, New York City</figcaption></figure> Berlin died in his sleep at his 17 Beekman Place town house in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on September 22, 1989, of a heart attack and other natural causes at the age of 101. He was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Bronx)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>, New York City.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> On the evening following the announcement of his death, the marquee lights of Broadway playhouses were dimmed before curtain time in his memory. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> said Berlin was "a legendary man whose words and music will help define the history of our nation". Just minutes before the President's statement was released, he joined a crowd of thousands to sing Berlin's "God Bless America" at a luncheon in Boston. Former President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, who costarred in Berlin's 1943 musical This Is the Army, said, "Nancy and I are deeply saddened by the death of a wonderfully talented man whose musical genius delighted and stirred millions and will live on forever."<a href="#cite_note-NYT9-24-69">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a>, the composer and conductor who was president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</a> (ASCAP), of which Berlin was a founder, said, "What to me is fascinating about this unique genius is that he touched so many people in so many age groups over so many years. He sounded our deepest feelings—happiness, sadness, celebration, loneliness." <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a>, who danced to Berlin tunes with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, told The Associated Press upon hearing of his death that working with Berlin had been "like heaven".<a href="#cite_note-NYT9-24-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[b]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: MistyRose;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Other nations are defined by their classical composers. America is appropriately defined musically by this Russian immigrant...Germany has Beethoven, France, Ravel, Poland, Chopin, Italy, Verdi; America has Irving Berlin. Though he's not here with us tonight, he will be with us always. Wherever there is America, there is Irving Berlin. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</a> Tribute to Irving Berlin, 1987<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a></cite> </div> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, after his death in 1989, wrote, "Irving Berlin set the tone and the tempo for the tunes America played and sang and danced to for much of the 20th century." An immigrant from Russia, his life became the "classic rags-to-riches story that he never forgot could have happened only in America".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> During his career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs and was a legend by the time he turned 30.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Dreaming-31">[31]</a> He went on to write the scores for 20 original Broadway shows and 15 original Hollywood films,<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> with his songs nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> on eight occasions. Music historian <a href="/wiki/Susannah_McCorkle" title="Susannah McCorkle">Susannah McCorkle</a> writes that "in scope, quantity, and quality his work was amazing."<a href="#cite_note-McCorkle-45">[45]</a> Others, such as Broadway musician Anne Phillips, says simply that "the man is an American institution."<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> During his six-decade career, from 1907 to 1966, he produced sheet music, Broadway shows, recordings, and scores played on radio, in films and on television, and his tunes continue to evoke powerful emotions for millions around the world. He wrote songs like "Alexander's Ragtime Band", "Cheek to Cheek", "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Blue Skies" and "Puttin' On the Ritz". Some of his songs have become holiday anthems, such as "<a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(song)" title="Easter Parade (song)">Easter Parade</a>", "<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Holiday_(song)" title="Happy Holiday (song)">Happy Holiday</a>". "White Christmas" alone sold over 50 million records, the top single selling song in recording history, won an <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, and is one of the most frequently played songs ever written.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> In 1938, "<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a>" became the unofficial national anthem of the United States, and on September 11, 2001, members of the House of Representatives stood on the steps of the Capitol and solemnly sang "God Bless America" together. The song again became popular shortly after 9/11, when <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> recorded it as the title track of a 9/11 benefit album. The following year, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">Postal Service</a> issued a commemorative stamp of Berlin. By then, the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of New York had received more than $10 million in royalties from "God Bless America" as a result of Berlin's donation of royalties.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-Dreaming-31">[31]</a> According to music historian <a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a>, "No other songwriter has written as many anthems... No one else has written as many pop songs, period... [H]is gift for economy, directness, and slang, presents Berlin as an obsessive, often despairing commentator on the passing scene."<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a>: 405  In 1934, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> put him on its cover and inside hailed "this itinerant son of a Russian cantor" as "an American institution".<a href="#cite_note-DVD-34">[34]</a> And again, in 1943, the same magazine described his songs as follows: <blockquote>They possess a permanence not generally associated with <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> products and it is more than remotely possible that in days to come Berlin will be looked upon as the <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a> of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Life-33">[33]</a></blockquote> At various times, his songs were also rallying cries for different causes: He produced musical editorials supporting <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> as presidential candidates, he wrote songs opposing <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>, defending the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>, calming the wounds of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, and helping the war against <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, and in 1950 he wrote an anthem for the state of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Corliss-25">[25]</a> Biographer David Leopold adds that "We all know his songs... they are all part of who we are." Berlin inadvertently influenced American law when his publishing group sued <a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad Magazine</a> for <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> in 1961. The humor magazine had published a collection of parody lyrics which it said could be "sung to the tune of" many popular songs. Berlin objected, and <a href="/wiki/Berlin_v._E.C._Publications,_Inc." title="Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.">Irving Berlin et al. v. E.C. Publications, Inc.</a> would ultimately become a landmark case. Mad prevailed at every stage. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled largely in favor of Mad in 1963, but Judge Charles Metzner decided that two of the 25 disputed parodies - "Always" (sung to the tune of "<a href="/wiki/Always_(1925_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Always (1925 song)">Always</a>") and "There's No Business Like No Business" (sung to the tune of "<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business" title="There's No Business Like Show Business">There's No Business Like Show Business</a>") - would require a trial because they relied on the same verbal hooks ("always" and "business") as the originals. The music publishers pressed on. The following year, the U.S. Court of Appeals not only upheld the pro-Mad decision in regard to the 23 songs, it adopted an approach that was broad enough to strip the publishers of their limited victory regarding the remaining two songs. Writing a unanimous opinion for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>, Circuit Judge <a href="/wiki/Irving_Kaufman" title="Irving Kaufman">Irving Kaufman</a> observed, "We doubt that even so eminent a composer as plaintiff Irving Berlin should be permitted to claim a property interest in <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a>."<a href="#cite_note-mcir_Musi-75">[73]</a> The publishers again appealed, but the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> refused to hear the appeal, allowing the decision to stand.<a href="#cite_note-jac-76">[74]</a> The precedent-setting 1964 ruling established the rights of parodists and satirists to mimic the meter of popular songs. At his 100th-birthday celebration in May 1988, violinist <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a> said, "The career of Irving Berlin and American music were intertwined forever—American music was born at his piano,"<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> while songwriter <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> pointed out: "If a man, in a lifetime of 50 years, can point to six songs that are immediately identifiable, he has achieved something. Irving Berlin can sing 60 that are immediately identifiable... [Y]ou couldn't have a holiday without his permission."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a> Composer <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Moore" title="Douglas Moore">Douglas Moore</a> added: <blockquote>It's a rare gift which sets Irving Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters. It is a gift which qualifies him, along with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>, as a great American minstrel. He has caught and immortalized in his songs what we say, what we think about, and what we believe.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a>'s records show that 25 of Berlin's songs reached the top of the charts and were re-recorded by dozens of famous singers over the years, such as <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fisher" title="Eddie Fisher">Eddie Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a>. In 1924, when Berlin was 36, his biography, The Story of Irving Berlin, was being written by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott" title="Alexander Woollcott">Alexander Woollcott</a>. In a letter to Woollcott, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a> offered what one writer said "may be the last word" on the significance of Irving Berlin: <blockquote>Irving Berlin has no place in American music—he is American music. Emotionally, he honestly absorbs the vibrations emanating from the people, manners and life of his time and, in turn, gives these impressions back to the world—simplified, clarified and glorified.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-87-9">[9]</a></blockquote> Composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1898–1937) also tried to describe the importance of Berlin's compositions: <blockquote>I want to say at once that I frankly believe that Irving Berlin is the greatest songwriter that has ever lived.... His songs are exquisite cameos of perfection, and each one of them is as beautiful as its neighbor. Irving Berlin remains, I think, America's <a href="/wiki/Schubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubert">Schubert</a>. But apart from his genuine talent for song-writing, Irving Berlin has had a greater influence upon American music than any other one man. It was Irving Berlin who was the very first to have created a real, inherent American music.... Irving Berlin was the first to free the American song from the nauseating sentimentality which had previously characterized it, and by introducing and perfecting ragtime he had actually given us the first germ of an American musical idiom; he had sown the first seeds of an American music.<a href="#cite_note-Gershwin-8">[8]</a>: 117 </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Academy Award for Best Original Song</a> in 1943 for "<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(film)" title="Holiday Inn (film)">Holiday Inn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tcm-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a></li> <li>US Army Medal of Merit from General <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> at the direction of President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tcm-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> in 1951 for Best Score for the musical <a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> in 1954 from President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> for contributing many patriotic songs, including "God Bless America".<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a></li> <li>Special <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-vault-81">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> in 1970, which "celebrated its First annual Induction and Awards Ceremony in New York City".<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 1977 by President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>. The citation reads, in part: "Musician, Composer, Humanitarian, And Patriot, Irving Berlin Has Captured The Fondest Dreams And Deepest Emotions Of The American People In The Form Of Popular Music."<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Langner" title="Lawrence Langner">Lawrence Langner</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-vault-81">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Liberty" title="Medal of Liberty">Medal of Liberty</a> during <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Weekend" title="Liberty Weekend">centennial celebrations for the Statue of Liberty</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a></li> <li>100th-birthday celebration concert was for the benefit of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a> on May 11, 1988.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-obit-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Jewish-American Hall of Fame in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-jonon-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a></li> <li>Star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> on February 1, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_scores">Musical scores</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Musical scores">edit</a>]</div> The following list includes scores mostly produced by Berlin. Although some of the plays using his songs were later adapted to films, the list will not include the film unless he was the primary composer.<a href="#cite_note-Bergreen-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage">Stage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Stage">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watch_Your_Step_(musical)" title="Watch Your Step (musical)">Watch Your Step</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop!_Look!_Listen!" title="Stop! Look! Listen!">Stop! Look! Listen!</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Girl" title="The Century Girl">The Century Girl</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Yip_Yaphank" title="Yip Yip Yaphank">Yip Yip Yaphank</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> (1920)</li> <li>Music Box Revue (1921)</li> <li>Music Box Revue (1922)</li> <li>Music Box Revue (1923)</li> <li>Music Box Revue (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts_(musical)" title="The Cocoanuts (musical)">The Cocoanuts</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> (1927)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Face_the_Music_(musical)" title="Face the Music (musical)">Face the Music</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Thousands_Cheer" title="As Thousands Cheer">As Thousands Cheer</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_(musical)" title="Louisiana Purchase (musical)">Louisiana Purchase</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_The_Army_(musical)" title="This Is The Army (musical)">This Is The Army</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Liberty" title="Miss Liberty">Miss Liberty</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(musical)" title="Mr. President (musical)">Mr. President</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(musical)" title="White Christmas (musical)">White Christmas</a> (2004 post-mortem production)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Hat_(musical)" title="Top Hat (musical)">Top Hat</a> (2012 post-mortem production)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(musical)" title="Holiday Inn (musical)">Holiday Inn</a> (2016 post-mortem production)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_scores_2">Film scores</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Film scores">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts" title="The Cocoanuts">The Cocoanuts</a> (1929) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_(film)" title="Hallelujah (film)">Hallelujah</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_On_the_Ritz_(film)" title="Puttin' On the Ritz (film)">Puttin' On the Ritz</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_(1930_film)" title="Mammy (1930 film)">Mammy</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaching_for_the_Moon_(1930_film)" title="Reaching for the Moon (1930 film)">Reaching for the Moon</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Hat" title="Top Hat">Top Hat</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_the_Fleet" title="Follow the Fleet">Follow the Fleet</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Avenue" title="On the Avenue">On the Avenue</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carefree_(film)" title="Carefree (film)">Carefree</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_(film)" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band (film)">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a> (1938)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fiddle_(1939_film)" title="Second Fiddle (1939 film)">Second Fiddle</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(film)" title="Holiday Inn (film)">Holiday Inn</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_the_Army" title="This Is the Army">This Is the Army</a> (1943) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1946_film)" title="Blue Skies (1946 film)">Blue Skies</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(film)" title="Easter Parade (film)">Easter Parade</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(film)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (film)">Annie Get Your Gun</a> (1950) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam_(film)" title="Call Me Madam (film)">Call Me Madam</a> (1953) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business_(film)" title="There's No Business Like Show Business (film)">There's No Business Like Show Business</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(film)" title="White Christmas (film)">White Christmas</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayonara" title="Sayonara">Sayonara</a> Sayonara Goodbay (1957)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>*Denotes films originally written for the stage <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Song_lists">Song lists</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Song lists">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irving_Berlin_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irving Berlin songs">List of Irving Berlin songs</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Berlin never learned to play in more than one key and used two special pianos (his first piano, purchased second-hand in 1909, was made by Weser Brothers, augmented in 1921 by a second from Somner Brothers) with transposing levers to change keys. Berlin demonstrated his transposing keyboard during a television show with Dinah Shore, and the piano was placed on display in Belgium's Red Star Line Museum in 2013, on loan from the Emmet family. A second transposing piano is on loan from the Peters family to the National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> After his death, Irving Berlin's three daughters donated the songwriter's musical collection of 750,000 items to the music archives of the Library of Congress. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-13">n</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKimballLinda_Emmet2001" class="citation book cs1">Kimball, Robert; Linda Emmet, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ArxJGmmIQR8C&q=israel%20beilin">The complete lyrics of Irving Berlin</a> (reprint ed.). Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. p. XXI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1557836816" title="Special:BookSources/978-1557836816"><bdi>978-1557836816</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+complete+lyrics+of+Irving+Berlin&rft.pages=XXI&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Applause+Theatre+%26+Cinema+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1557836816&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DArxJGmmIQR8C%26q%3Disrael%2520beilin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irvingberlin.com/biography">"Irving Berlin"</a>. Irving Berlin. Retrieved June 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irving+Berlin&rft.atitle=Irving+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irvingberlin.com%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-birthday-3"><a href="#cite_ref-birthday_3-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-ETEIe8aE4">Carnegie Hall, May 27, 1988</a>, Irving Berlin's 100th birthday celebration </li> <li id="cite_note-Starr_2009,_pg._64-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_2009,_pg._64_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_2009,_pg._64_4-1">b</a> Starr, Larry and Waterman, Christopher, American Popular Music: From Minstrelsy to MP3, Oxford University Press, 2009, pg. 64 </li> <li id="cite_note-Guitar-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Guitar_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2012" class="citation book cs1">Marcus, Gary (January 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Y14qFrDKb8C&q=berlin">Guitar Zero</a>. Penguin Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101552285" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101552285"><bdi>978-1101552285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guitar+Zero&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft.isbn=978-1101552285&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Y14qFrDKb8C%26q%3Dberlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-obit-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-obit_6-18">s</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1989" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Marilyn (September 23, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/23/obituaries/irving-berlin-nation-s-songwriter-dies.html">"Irving Berlin, Nation's Songwriter, Dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228213558/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/23/obituaries/irving-berlin-nation-s-songwriter-dies.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Irving+Berlin%2C+Nation%27s+Songwriter%2C+Dies&rft.date=1989-09-23&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F09%2F23%2Fobituaries%2Firving-berlin-nation-s-songwriter-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0036430/">"This Is the Army (1943)"</a>, IMDb, retrieved September 6, 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=This+Is+the+Army+%281943%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0036430%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gershwin-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gershwin_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershwin_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershwin_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershwin_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershwin_8-4">e</a> Wyatt, Robert; Johnson, John A. The George Gershwin Reader, Oxford Univ. Press (2004) </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-87-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-87_9-8">i</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/10/arts/pop-view-irving-berlin-s-american-landscape.html's%20American%20landscape">"Pop View; Irving Berlin's American Landscape"</a>, The New York Times, May 10, 1987 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irvingberlin.com/">"Irving Berlin"</a>. Irving Berlin. Retrieved June 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irving+Berlin&rft.atitle=Irving+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irvingberlin.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FuriaWood1998-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FuriaWood1998_11-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuriaWood1998" class="citation book cs1">Furia, Philip; Wood, Graham (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irvingberlinlife00furi">Irving Berlin: A Life in Song</a>. New York: Schirmer Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864815-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864815-6"><bdi>978-0-02-864815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irving+Berlin%3A+A+Life+in+Song&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-02-864815-6&rft.aulast=Furia&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Wood%2C+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firvingberlinlife00furi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBello2013" class="citation web cs1">Bello, Grace (November 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/community/articles/red-star-line-museum-antwerp">"Red Star Line Museum Recalls the Ships That Brought Einstein and Irving Berlin to America"</a>. Tablet Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tablet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Red+Star+Line+Museum+Recalls+the+Ships+That+Brought+Einstein+and+Irving+Berlin+to+America&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.aulast=Bello&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fsections%2Fcommunity%2Farticles%2Fred-star-line-museum-antwerp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/russianarrivalsimmigrationdatafile/?name=_Beilin&arrival=1893-9&arrival_x=0-0-0&count=50&name_x=_1">"Passenger list of the Beilin family"</a>. Ancestry.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancestry.com&rft.atitle=Passenger+list+of+the+Beilin+family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fsearch%2Fcollections%2Frussianarrivalsimmigrationdatafile%2F%3Fname%3D_Beilin%26arrival%3D1893-9%26arrival_x%3D0-0-0%26count%3D50%26name_x%3D_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C-rR_ihoOw&t=1m39s">"Irving Berlin - The Voice of the City"</a>, BBC Bristol and A&E network's 1988 broadcast </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergreen-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergreen_15-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergreen1996" class="citation book cs1">Bergreen, Laurence (March 22, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZgJu3UKRfIC&q=as+thousands+cheer">As Thousands Cheer</a> (reprint ed.). Hachette Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306806759" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306806759"><bdi>978-0306806759</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As+Thousands+Cheer&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=1996-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0306806759&rft.aulast=Bergreen&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ZgJu3UKRfIC%26q%3Das%2Bthousands%2Bcheer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitcomb-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitcomb_16-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitcomb1987" class="citation book cs1">Whitcomb, Ian (1987). Irving Berlin and Ragtime America. Century. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780712616645" title="Special:BookSources/9780712616645"><bdi>9780712616645</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irving+Berlin+and+Ragtime+America&rft.pub=Century&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780712616645&rft.aulast=Whitcomb&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woollcott-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woollcott_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woollcott_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoollcott2016" class="citation book cs1">Woollcott, Alexander (September 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ez7DAAAQBAJ&q=the+story+of+irving+berlin">The Story of Irving Berlin</a>. Read Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1473359604" title="Special:BookSources/978-1473359604"><bdi>978-1473359604</bdi></a>. Retrieved June 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Irving+Berlin&rft.pub=Read+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.isbn=978-1473359604&rft.aulast=Woollcott&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ez7DAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bstory%2Bof%2Birving%2Bberlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furia-Poets-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furia-Poets_18-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuria1992" class="citation book cs1">Furia, Philip (June 25, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNsc1AnOnSkC&q=the+poets+of+tin+pan+alley">The Poets of Tin Pan Alley</a>. Oxford Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198022886" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198022886"><bdi>978-0198022886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poets+of+Tin+Pan+Alley&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1992-06-25&rft.isbn=978-0198022886&rft.aulast=Furia&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNsc1AnOnSkC%26q%3Dthe%2Bpoets%2Bof%2Btin%2Bpan%2Balley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-6">g</a> "The Waltzes of Irving Berlin", 1962 </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_Career_of_Irving_Berlin-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Early_Career_of_Irving_Berlin_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslon" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Maslon" title="Laurence Maslon">Maslon, Laurence</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irvingberlin.com/early-career-and-tin-pan-alley">"Early Career and Tin Pan Alley"</a>. Irving Berlin. The Irving Berlin Music Company. Retrieved October 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irving+Berlin&rft.atitle=Early+Career+and+Tin+Pan+Alley&rft.aulast=Maslon&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irvingberlin.com%2Fearly-career-and-tin-pan-alley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamm-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_21-2">c</a> Hamm, Charles. Irving Berlin: Songs from the Melting Pot, Oxford Univ. Press, 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedland-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Freedland_22-0">^</a> Freedland, Michael. 'Irving Berlin', Stein and Day, 1974 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1942/06/09/archives/max-winslow-dead-music-publisher-59-official-of-irving-berlin-inc.html">"Max Winslow Dead; Music Publisher, 59"</a>. The New York Times. June 9, 1942. Retrieved June 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Max+Winslow+Dead%3B+Music+Publisher%2C+59&rft.date=1942-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1942%2F06%2F09%2Farchives%2Fmax-winslow-dead-music-publisher-59-official-of-irving-berlin-inc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leopold-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Leopold_24-0">^</a> Leopold, David. Irving Berlin's Show Business, Harry Abrams (2005) </li> <li id="cite_note-Corliss-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corliss_25-16">q</a> Corliss, Richard (December 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020208003254/http://www.time.com/time/sampler/article/0,8599,189846,00.html">"That Old Christmas Feeling: Irving America: Richard Corliss remembers Irving Berlin"</a> Time. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> audio: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaGkvhxcOWI">"Play A Simple Melody", with Bing and Gary Crosby</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130628010755/http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/I-Love-A-Piano-lyrics-Irving-Berlin/61706587FB23D96F48256970000E8508">"I Love A Piano Lyrics – Irving Berlin"</a>. Sing365.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/I-Love-A-Piano-lyrics-Irving-Berlin/61706587FB23D96F48256970000E8508">the original</a> on June 28, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+Love+A+Piano+Lyrics+%E2%80%93+Irving+Berlin&rft.pub=Sing365.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sing365.com%2Fmusic%2Flyric.nsf%2FI-Love-A-Piano-lyrics-Irving-Berlin%2F61706587FB23D96F48256970000E8508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3ick8_a-pretty-girl-is-like-a-melody-the_shortfilms">"A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> video:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34m5SPPZXQc">Irving Berlin's "We're on our way to France"</a>, from This is the Army (1943) </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152825/http://www.tomsmithbigband.com/swing-music-history.html">"Swing Music History"</a>. Tom Smith Big Band. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomsmithbigband.com/swing-music-history.html">the original</a> on February 28, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swing+Music+History&rft.pub=Tom+Smith+Big+Band&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomsmithbigband.com%2Fswing-music-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-Dreaming-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-Dreaming_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-Dreaming_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-Dreaming_31-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9806E2D71430F930A15751C1A9639C8B63">"Dreaming of Irving Berlin In the Season That He Owned"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 23, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Leopold, David. Irving Berlin's Show Business: Broadway—Hollywood—America, Harry N. Abrams, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-Life-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Life_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_33-2">c</a> Frazier, George. <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>, April 5, 1943, pgs. 79–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-DVD-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_34-1">b</a> Irving Berlin: An American Song, film, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_W5QnO5UGk">"Taco - Puttin on the Ritz (1983)"</a>. YouTube. August 29, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taco+-+Puttin+on+the+Ritz+%281983%29&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2008-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DA_W5QnO5UGk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/FNXd3wX_USc">"Flashmob Moscow (Russia) : Putting on the ritz 2012"</a>. YouTube. June 15, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNXd3wX_USc">the original</a> on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flashmob+Moscow+%28Russia%29+%3A+Putting+on+the+ritz+2012&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFNXd3wX_USc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interview-37"><a href="#cite_ref-interview_37-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p-h-Ml-cXU">"Irving Berlin Spotlight Interview"</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Galewitz, Herb. Music: A Book of Quotations, Courier Dover Publ. (2001) p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist89-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Economist89_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hand on heart. (Irving Berlin)". The Economist. London. September 30, 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Hand+on+heart.+%28Irving+Berlin%29&rft.date=1989-09-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExaNc2GsxB8">"Irving Berlin gets medal from Ike 1954"</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, 1 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon2010" class="citation news cs1">Bacon, John U. (February 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727114735/http://annarborchronicle.com/2010/02/19/column-oh-say-can-you-see-a-new-anthem/">"Oh, Say Can You See a New Anthem?"</a>. Ann Arbor Chronicle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annarborchronicle.com/2010/02/19/column-oh-say-can-you-see-a-new-anthem/">the original</a> on July 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann+Arbor+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Oh%2C+Say+Can+You+See+a+New+Anthem%3F&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=John+U.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fannarborchronicle.com%2F2010%2F02%2F19%2Fcolumn-oh-say-can-you-see-a-new-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/classic/s/miracle_ice_1980.html">"College kids perform Olympic miracle"</a> ESPN TV network </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatersCharles_Samuels1992" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Ethel; Charles Samuels (March 22, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiseyeisonsparro00wate_0">His eye is on the sparrow: an autobiography</a> (1st ed.). New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306804779" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306804779"><bdi>978-0306804779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+eye+is+on+the+sparrow%3A+an+autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1992-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0306804779&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Ethel&rft.au=Charles+Samuels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhiseyeisonsparro00wate_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/blogs/entries/57008.html">Danny Kaye's Musical Tribute to the Income Tax</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826080052/http://hnn.us/blogs/entries/57008.html">Archived</a> August 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, George Mason's History News Network, November 14, 2008, retrieved April 17, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-McCorkle-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCorkle_45-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCorkle1998" class="citation magazine cs1">McCorkle, Susannah (November 1998). 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Irving Berlin: A Life in Song Schirmer Books, (1998) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2006" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Cecil (July 28, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2664/if-irving-berlin-could-not-read-or-write-music-how-did-he-compose">"If Irving Berlin couldn't read or write music, how did he compose?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straight_Dope" title="The Straight Dope">The Straight Dope</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927074932/https://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2664/if-irving-berlin-could-not-read-or-write-music-how-did-he-compose/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straight+Dope&rft.atitle=If+Irving+Berlin+couldn%27t+read+or+write+music%2C+how+did+he+compose%3F&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2Fread%2F2664%2Fif-irving-berlin-could-not-read-or-write-music-how-did-he-compose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSears2012" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Benjamin, ed. (2012). The Irving Berlin reader. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195383744" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195383744"><bdi>978-0195383744</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/708648754">708648754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Irving+Berlin+reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F708648754&rft.isbn=978-0195383744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagee2006" class="citation journal cs1">Magee, Jeffrey (2006). ""Everybody Step": Irving Berlin, Jazz, and Broadway in the 1920s". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 59 (3): 697–732. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.2006.59.3.697">10.1525/jams.2006.59.3.697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society&rft.atitle=%22Everybody+Step%22%3A+Irving+Berlin%2C+Jazz%2C+and+Broadway+in+the+1920s&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=697-732&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2006.59.3.697&rft.aulast=Magee&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs1988" class="citation news cs1">Krebs, Albin (July 30, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/30/obituaries/ellin-berlin-85-a-novelist-dies-the-songwriter-s-wife-of-62-years.html">"Ellin Berlin, 85, a Novelist, Dies; The Songwriter's Wife of 62 Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 32, Sec. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ellin+Berlin%2C+85%2C+a+Novelist%2C+Dies%3B+The+Songwriter%27s+Wife+of+62+Years&rft.pages=32%2C+Sec.+1&rft.date=1988-07-30&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Albin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F07%2F30%2Fobituaries%2Fellin-berlin-85-a-novelist-dies-the-songwriter-s-wife-of-62-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett_60-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellin_Barrett" title="Mary Ellin Barrett">Barrett, Mary Ellin</a> (1995). Irving Berlin: a daughter's memoir. Simon & Schuster. pp. 98–99, 123–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0671711498" title="Special:BookSources/978-0671711498"><bdi>978-0671711498</bdi></a>. <q>All three of us would share our father's agnosticism and sidestep our husbands' faiths. ...If I can picture my father, the nonbeliever, it is listening to the reading, learning just like me, for he had long ago forgotten the story, pleased that this is what my mother and I are doing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irving+Berlin%3A+a+daughter%27s+memoir&rft.pages=98-99%2C+123-124&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0671711498&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980DE7D81539E633A25756C0A9679C946795D6CF">Ellin Mackay Wed to Irving Berlin; Surprises Father</a>", <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, p. 1, January 5, 1926 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2011" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Mary (July 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120412/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110714/murray-hill-gramercy/irving-berlins-former-beekman-place-home-chronicled-new-book">"Irving Berlin's Former Beekman Place Home Chronicled in New Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DNAinfo" title="DNAinfo">DNAinfo</a> New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20110714/murray-hill-gramercy/irving-berlins-former-beekman-place-home-chronicled-new-book">the original</a> on August 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNAinfo+New+York&rft.atitle=Irving+Berlin%27s+Former+Beekman+Place+Home+Chronicled+in+New+Book&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnainfo.com%2Fnew-york%2F20110714%2Fmurray-hill-gramercy%2Firving-berlins-former-beekman-place-home-chronicled-new-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinship1988" class="citation news cs1">Winship, Frederick M. 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Time. May 28, 1934. Retrieved September 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=TIME+Magazine+Cover%3A+Irving+Berlin&rft.date=1934-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcovers%2F0%2C16641%2C19340528%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcir_Musi-75"><a href="#cite_ref-mcir_Musi_75-0">^</a> <cite>Irving Berlin et al. v. E.C. Publications, Inc.</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815053849/https://blogs.law.gwu.edu/mcir/case/irving-berlin-et-al-v-e-c-publications-inc/">329 F. 2d 541</a> (2d Cir. 1964), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.law.gwu.edu/mcir/case/irving-berlin-et-al-v-e-c-publications-inc/">the original</a>.Retrieved on November 20, 2020. via —<a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> Music Copyright Infringement Resource. from the original on August 15, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-jac-76"><a href="#cite_ref-jac_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jacobs" title="Frank Jacobs">Jacobs, Frank</a> (1972). The Mad World of William M. Gaines. <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Stuart,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Lyle Stuart, Inc.">Lyle Stuart, Inc.</a> p. ???.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mad+World+of+William+M.+Gaines&rft.pages=%3F%3F%3F&rft.pub=Lyle+Stuart%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> Library of Congress Card No 72-91781 </li> <li id="cite_note-tcm-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tcm_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcm_77-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/14740%7C73253/Irving-Berlin/biography.html">"Irving Berlin: Biography"</a> TCM, retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1943">The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners"</a> oscars.org, retrieved May 13, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/production/call-me-madam-imperial-theatre-vault-0000006062">" Call Me Madam Broadway"</a> Playbill (vault), retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassman2017" class="citation web cs1">Glassman, Matthew Eric (February 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/CRSpubs/d096b2b7-3221-4cec-b99c-3ba5774b0750.pdf">"Congressional Gold Medals, 1776-2016"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105103218/http://www.senate.gov/CRSpubs/d096b2b7-3221-4cec-b99c-3ba5774b0750.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Gold+Medals%2C+1776-2016&rft.date=2017-02-13&rft.aulast=Glassman&rft.aufirst=Matthew+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2FCRSpubs%2Fd096b2b7-3221-4cec-b99c-3ba5774b0750.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vault-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vault_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vault_81-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/person/irving-berlin-vault-0000006468#">"Irving Berlin Awards"</a> Playbill (vault), retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/lifetime-awards">"Lifetime Achievement Award"</a>, Grammy.com, retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.songhall.org/profile/Irving_Berlin">"Irving Berlin, Songwriters Hall of Fame"</a>, Songhall.org, retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.songhall.org/ceremony/1970_awards_and_induction_ceremony">"January 1st, 1970: 1970 Inaugural Induction Ceremony"</a>, Songhall.org, retrieved May 13, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0067/1563058.pdf">"Medal of Freedom Citations"</a> (PDF). John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. January 3, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906170024/http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0067/1563058.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+Marsh+Files+at+the+Gerald+R.+Ford+Presidential+Library&rft.atitle=Medal+of+Freedom+Citations&rft.date=1977-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordlibrarymuseum.gov%2Flibrary%2Fdocument%2F0067%2F1563058.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Nordlinger, Jay (December 17, 2007).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443562/medals-freedom">"A Tasty Presidential Perk"</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Rimer, Sara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/02/nyregion/12-naturalized-citizens-to-get-medal-of-liberty.html">"12 Naturalized Citizens To Get Medal Of Liberty"</a>, The New York Times, March 2, 1986 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amuseum.org/jahf/virtour/page21.html">"Irving Berlin (1888-1989)"</a> amuseum.org, retrieved May 13, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkoffame.com/irving-berlin">"Irving Berlin"</a> walkoffame.com, retrieved May 9, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#B">"Theater Hall of Fame | The Official Website | Members | Preserve the Past • Honor the Present • Encourage the Future"</a>. Theaterhalloffame.org. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theaterhalloffame.org&rft.atitle=Theater+Hall+of+Fame+%26%23124%3B+The+Official+Website+%26%23124%3B+Members+%26%23124%3B+Preserve+the+Past+%E2%80%A2+Honor+the+Present+%E2%80%A2+Encourage+the+Future&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaterhalloffame.org%2Fmembers.html%23B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/whos-in-the-theatre-hall-of-fame-com-100731#">"Who's in the Theatre Hall of Fame"</a>, Playbill, June 12, 1996 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett,_Mary_Ellin1994" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, Mary Ellin (1994). Irving Berlin: A Daughter's Memoir. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-72533-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-72533-5"><bdi>0-671-72533-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irving+Berlin%3A+A+Daughter%27s+Memoir&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-671-72533-5&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Mary+Ellin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hamm, Charles, editor (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rzSYPPcsQ-QC">Early Songs, 1907–1914.</a> Music of the United States of America (MUSA) volume 2. Madison, Wisconsin: A-R Editions.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHischak,_Thomas_S.1991" class="citation book cs1">Hischak, Thomas S. (1991). Word Crazy, Broadway Lyricists from Cohan to Sondheim. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-93849-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-93849-2"><bdi>0-275-93849-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+Crazy%2C+Broadway+Lyricists+from+Cohan+to+Sondheim&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-275-93849-2&rft.au=Hischak%2C+Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Magee, Jeffrey (2012). Irving Berlin's American Musical Theatre. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539826-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539826-7">978-0-19-539826-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen,_Jody2002" class="citation book cs1">Rosen, Jody (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitechristmas00jody">White Christmas: The Story of an American Song</a>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-1875-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-1875-2"><bdi>0-7432-1875-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Christmas%3A+The+Story+of+an+American+Song&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7432-1875-2&rft.au=Rosen%2C+Jody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhitechristmas00jody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrving+Berlin" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sears, Benjamin, editor (2012). The Irving Berlin Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538374-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538374-4">978-0-19-538374-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Irving Berlin at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irving_Berlin" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Irving Berlin">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin" class="extiw" title="q:Irving Berlin">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Irving_Berlin" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Irving Berlin">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irvingberlin.com">Official Irving Berlin Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu012008">Irving Berlin Collection</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Finding_Aids/B.html">Papers of Irving Berlin, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/40632">Works by Irving Berlin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Berlin%2C%20Irving%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Irving%20Berlin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Berlin%2C%20Irving%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Irving%20Berlin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Berlin%2C%20I%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Irving%20Berlin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Berlin%2C%20Irving%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Irving%20Berlin%22%29%20OR%20%28%221888-1989%22%20AND%20Berlin%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Irving Berlin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/101971">Irving Berlin recordings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Discography_of_American_Historical_Recordings" title="Discography of American Historical Recordings">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/6452">Irving Berlin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128746#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/418">Irving Berlin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000927/">Irving Berlin</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/508131">Irving Berlin</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128746#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/irving-berlin">Irving Berlin</a> at FBI Records: The Vault</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/rha/20489">Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings</a>, at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/musa/publications/musa-2-irving-berlin">Irving Berlin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States_of_America_(publications)" title="Music of the United States of America (publications)">Music of the United States of America</a> (MUSA)</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Berlin,_Irving" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Berlin, Irving">Free scores by Irving Berlin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irving_Berlin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irving_Berlin" title="Template:Irving Berlin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irving_Berlin" title="Template talk:Irving Berlin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irving_Berlin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irving Berlin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irving_Berlin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Thousands_Cheer" title="As Thousands Cheer">As Thousands Cheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Canary_(musical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Canary (musical) (page does not exist)">The Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Girl" title="The Century Girl">The Century Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts_(musical)" title="The Cocoanuts (musical)">The Cocoanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Cohan_Revue_of_1918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Cohan Revue of 1918 (page does not exist)">The Cohan Revue of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_the_Music_(musical)" title="Face the Music (musical)">Face the Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(musical)" title="Holiday Inn (musical)">Holiday Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_(musical)" title="Louisiana Purchase (musical)">Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Liberty" title="Miss Liberty">Miss Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(musical)" title="Mr. President (musical)">Mr. President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Revue" title="Music Box Revue">Music Box Revue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop!_Look!_Listen!" title="Stop! Look! Listen!">Stop! Look! Listen!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_The_Army_(musical)" title="This Is The Army (musical)">This Is The Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Hat_(musical)" title="Top Hat (musical)">Top Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_Your_Step_(musical)" title="Watch Your Step (musical)">Watch Your Step</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(musical)" title="White Christmas (musical)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_Guy_(musical)" title="Wise Guy (musical)">Wise Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Yip_Yaphank" title="Yip Yip Yaphank">Yip Yip Yaphank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band_(film)" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band (film)">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(film)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (film)">Annie Get Your Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(1946_film)" title="Blue Skies (1946 film)">Blue Skies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam_(film)" title="Call Me Madam (film)">Call Me Madam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carefree_(film)" title="Carefree (film)">Carefree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts" title="The Cocoanuts">The Cocoanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(film)" title="Easter Parade (film)">Easter Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_the_Fleet" title="Follow the Fleet">Follow the Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_(film)" title="Hallelujah (film)">Hallelujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn_(film)" title="Holiday Inn (film)">Holiday Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Avenue" title="On the Avenue">On the Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fiddle_(1939_film)" title="Second Fiddle (1939 film)">Second Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business_(film)" title="There's No Business Like Show Business (film)">There's No Business Like Show Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_the_Army" title="This Is the Army">This Is the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Hat" title="Top Hat">Top Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(film)" title="White Christmas (film)">White Christmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_Ragtime_Band" title="Alexander's Ragtime Band">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Alone_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="All Alone (Irving Berlin song)">All Alone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_by_Myself_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="All by Myself (Irving Berlin song)">All by Myself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_of_My_Life_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="All of My Life (Irving Berlin song)">All of My Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Always_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Always (Irving Berlin song)">Always</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Any_Bonds_Today%3F" title="Any Bonds Today?">Any Bonds Today?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anything_You_Can_Do_(I_Can_Do_Better)" title="Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)">Anything You Can Do</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/At_the_Devil%27s_Ball" title="At the Devil's Ball">At the Devil's Ball</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Best_Thing_for_You_(Would_Be_Me)" title="The Best Thing for You (Would Be Me)">The Best Thing for You (Would Be Me)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Blue Skies (Irving Berlin song)">Blue Skies</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_Partners" title="Change Partners">Change Partners</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek" title="Cheek to Cheek">Cheek to Cheek</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Count_Your_Blessings_(Instead_of_Sheep)" title="Count Your Blessings (Instead of Sheep)">Count Your Blessings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Couple_of_Swells" title="A Couple of Swells">A Couple of Swells</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daddy,_Come_Home" title="Daddy, Come Home">Daddy, Come Home</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doin%27_What_Comes_Natur%27lly" title="Doin' What Comes Natur'lly">Doin' What Comes Natur'lly</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(song)" title="Easter Parade (song)">Easter Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Follow_the_Crowd_(song)" title="Follow the Crowd (song)">Follow the Crowd</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Your_Country_and_My_Country" title="For Your Country and My Country">For Your Country and My Country</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Thee_Behind_Me_Satan" title="Get Thee Behind Me Satan">Get Thee Behind Me Satan</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_That_I_Marry" title="The Girl That I Marry">The Girl That I Marry</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_France" title="Goodbye, France">Goodbye, France</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Holiday_(song)" title="Happy Holiday (song)">Happy Holiday</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heat_Wave_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Heat Wave (Irving Berlin song)">Heat Wave</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heaven_Watch_the_Philippines" title="Heaven Watch the Philippines">Heaven Watch the Philippines</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_About_Me%3F" title="How About Me?">How About Me?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Deep_Is_the_Ocean%3F" title="How Deep Is the Ocean?">How Deep Is the Ocean?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How%27s_Chances%3F" title="How's Chances?">How's Chances?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Got_Lost_in_His_Arms" title="I Got Lost in His Arms">I Got Lost in His Arms</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Got_the_Sun_in_the_Mornin%27_(and_the_Moon_at_Night)" title="I Got the Sun in the Mornin' (and the Moon at Night)">I Got the Sun in the Mornin' (and the Moon at Night)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Love_a_Piano" title="I Love a Piano">I Love a Piano</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Never_Had_a_Chance" title="I Never Had a Chance">I Never Had a Chance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Used_to_Be_Color_Blind" title="I Used to Be Color Blind">I Used to Be Color Blind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Want_To_Go_Back_To_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="I Want To Go Back To Michigan">I Want To Go Back To Michigan</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_an_Indian_Too" title="I'm an Indian Too">I'm an Indian Too</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Pin_My_Medal_on_the_Girl_I_Left_Behind" title="I'm Gonna Pin My Medal on the Girl I Left Behind">I'm Gonna Pin My Medal on the Girl I Left Behind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Putting_All_My_Eggs_in_One_Basket" title="I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket">I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_My_Captain_Working_for_Me_Now" title="I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now">I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_My_Love_to_Keep_Me_Warm" title="I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm">I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Isn%27t_This_a_Lovely_Day%3F" title="Isn't This a Lovely Day?">Isn't This a Lovely Day?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Lovely_Day_Today" title="It's a Lovely Day Today">It's a Lovely Day Today</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Lovely_Day_Tomorrow" title="It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow">It's a Lovely Day Tomorrow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lazy_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Lazy (Irving Berlin song)">Lazy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Yourself_Go_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Let Yourself Go (Irving Berlin song)">Let Yourself Go</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Be_Americans_Now" title="Let's All Be Americans Now">Let's All Be Americans Now</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Face_the_Music_and_Dance" title="Let's Face the Music and Dance">Let's Face the Music and Dance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Have_Another_Cup_of_Coffee" title="Let's Have Another Cup of Coffee">Let's Have Another Cup of Coffee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Take_an_Old-Fashioned_Walk_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Let's Take an Old-Fashioned Walk (Irving Berlin song)">Let's Take an Old-Fashioned Walk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mandy_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Mandy (Irving Berlin song)">Mandy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moonshine_Lullaby" title="Moonshine Lullaby">Moonshine Lullaby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Defenses_Are_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="My Defenses Are Down">My Defenses Are Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Near_Future" title="The Near Future">The Near Future</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Strings_(I%27m_Fancy_Free)" title="No Strings (I'm Fancy Free)">No Strings (I'm Fancy Free)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Now_It_Can_Be_Told" title="Now It Can Be Told">Now It Can Be Told</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh!_How_I_Hate_to_Get_Up_in_the_Morning" title="Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning">Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Play_a_Simple_Melody" title="Play a Simple Melody">Play a Simple Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Pretty_Girl_Is_Like_a_Melody" title="A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody">A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_On_the_Ritz" title="Puttin' On the Ritz">Puttin' On the Ritz</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reaching_for_the_Moon_(song)" title="Reaching for the Moon (song)">Reaching for the Moon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Remember_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Remember (Irving Berlin song)">Remember</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bound" title="San Francisco Bound">San Francisco Bound</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_It_Isn%27t_So_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Say It Isn't So (Irving Berlin song)">Say It Isn't So</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_It_with_Music_(song)" title="Say It with Music (song)">Say It with Music</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Someone_Else_May_Be_There_While_I%27m_Gone" title="Someone Else May Be There While I'm Gone">Someone Else May Be There While I'm Gone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sisters_(song)" title="Sisters (song)">Sisters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slumming_on_Park_Avenue" title="Slumming on Park Avenue">Slumming on Park Avenue</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Song_Is_Ended_(but_the_Melody_Lingers_On)" title="The Song Is Ended (but the Melody Lingers On)">The Song Is Ended (but the Melody Lingers On)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stay_Down_Here_Where_You_Belong" title="Stay Down Here Where You Belong">Stay Down Here Where You Belong</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Steppin%27_Out_with_My_Baby" title="Steppin' Out with My Baby">Steppin' Out with My Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Supper_Time" title="Supper Time">Supper Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_International_Rag" title="That International Rag">That International Rag</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Mysterious_Rag" title="That Mysterious Rag">That Mysterious Rag</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_Business_Like_Show_Business" title="There's No Business Like Show Business">There's No Business Like Show Business</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_Say_It%27s_Wonderful" title="They Say It's Wonderful">They Say It's Wonderful</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_Were_All_Out_of_Step_But_Jim" title="They Were All Out of Step But Jim">They Were All Out of Step But Jim</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Year%27s_Kisses" title="This Year's Kisses">This Year's Kisses</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Top_Hat,_White_Tie_and_Tails" title="Top Hat, White Tie and Tails">Top Hat, White Tie and Tails</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do" title="What'll I Do">What'll I Do</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_I_Lost_You" title="When I Lost You">When I Lost You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Do_You_Love,_I_Hope%3F" title="Who Do You Love, I Hope?">Who Do You Love, I Hope?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/With_You_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="With You (Irving Berlin song)">With You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Can_Have_Him" title="You Can Have Him">You Can Have Him</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Get_a_Man_with_a_Gun" title="You Can't Get a Man with a Gun">You Can't Get a Man with a Gun</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Keep_Coming_Back_Like_a_Song" title="You Keep Coming Back Like a Song">You Keep Coming Back Like a Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27d_Be_Surprised" title="You'd Be Surprised">You'd Be Surprised</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Just_in_Love" title="You're Just in Love">You're Just in Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Laughing_at_Me" title="You're Laughing at Me">You're Laughing at Me</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellin_Berlin" title="Ellin Berlin">Ellin Berlin</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellin_Barrett" title="Mary Ellin Barrett">Mary Ellin Barrett</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Irving_Berlin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Irving_Berlin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Irving Berlin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Original Song"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Academy Award for Best Original Song</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1934–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Continental_(song)" title="The Continental (song)">The Continental</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Con_Conrad" title="Con Conrad">Con Conrad</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Herb_Magidson" title="Herb Magidson">Herb Magidson</a> (1934)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lullaby_of_Broadway_(song)" title="Lullaby of Broadway (song)">Lullaby of Broadway</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Dubin" title="Al Dubin">Al Dubin</a> (1935)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a> (1936)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Leilani" title="Sweet Leilani">Sweet Leilani</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Owens" title="Harry Owens">Harry Owens</a> (1937)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanks_for_the_Memory" title="Thanks for the Memory">Thanks for the Memory</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rainger" title="Ralph Rainger">Ralph Rainger</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Robin" title="Leo Robin">Leo Robin</a> (1938)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arlen" title="Harold Arlen">Harold Arlen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">E. Y. Harburg</a> (1939)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Wish_Upon_a_Star" title="When You Wish Upon a Star">When You Wish Upon a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Harline" title="Leigh Harline">Leigh Harline</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1940)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1941–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1941)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a> (1942)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Never_Know" title="You'll Never Know">You'll Never Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Mack_Gordon" title="Mack Gordon">Mack Gordon</a> (1943)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swinging_on_a_Star" title="Swinging on a Star">Swinging on a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Burke_(lyricist)" title="Johnny Burke (lyricist)">Johnny Burke</a> (1944)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Might_as_Well_Be_Spring" title="It Might as Well Be Spring">It Might as Well Be Spring</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1945)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Atchison,_Topeka_and_the_Santa_Fe" title="On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe">On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1946)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" title="Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah">Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Allie_Wrubel" title="Allie Wrubel">Allie Wrubel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Gilbert" title="Ray Gilbert">Ray Gilbert</a> (1947)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Buttons_and_Bows" title="Buttons and Bows">Buttons and Bows</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1948)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_It%27s_Cold_Outside" title="Baby, It's Cold Outside">Baby, It's Cold Outside</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> (1949)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)">Mona Lisa</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> (1950)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Cool,_Cool,_Cool_of_the_Evening" title="In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening">In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1951)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_High_Noon" title="The Ballad of High Noon">High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1952)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Secret_Love_(Doris_Day_song)" title="Secret Love (Doris Day song)">Secret Love</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1953)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Coins_in_the_Fountain_(song)" title="Three Coins in the Fountain (song)">Three Coins in the Fountain</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1954)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_a_Many-Splendored_Thing_(song)" title="Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (song)">Love Is a Many Splendored Thing</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1955)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Que_Sera,_Sera_(Whatever_Will_Be,_Will_Be)" title="Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)">Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1956)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="All the Way (Frank Sinatra song)">All the Way</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1957)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gigi_(song)" title="Gigi (song)">Gigi</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1958)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="High Hopes (Frank Sinatra song)">High Hopes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1959)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Never_on_Sunday_(song)" title="Never on Sunday (song)">Never on Sunday</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Manos_Hatzidakis" title="Manos Hatzidakis">Manos Hatzidakis</a> (1960)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1961–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1961)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1962)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Irresponsible" title="Call Me Irresponsible">Call Me Irresponsible</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1963)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chim_Chim_Cher-ee" title="Chim Chim Cher-ee">Chim Chim Cher-ee</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a> (1964)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Your_Smile" title="The Shadow of Your Smile">The Shadow of Your Smile</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1965)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_Free_(Matt_Monro_song)" title="Born Free (Matt Monro song)">Born Free</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Talk_to_the_Animals" title="Talk to the Animals">Talk to the Animals</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse" title="Leslie Bricusse">Leslie Bricusse</a> (1967)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind" title="The Windmills of Your Mind">The Windmills of Your Mind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1968)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raindrops_Keep_Fallin%27_on_My_Head" title="Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head">Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Hal_David" title="Hal David">Hal David</a> (1969)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_All_We_Know_(1970_song)" title="For All We Know (1970 song)">For All We Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karlin" title="Fred Karlin">Fred Karlin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Robb_Royer" title="Robb Royer">Robb Royer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Griffin" title="Jimmy Griffin">Jimmy Griffin</a> (1970)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1971–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_Shaft" title="Theme from Shaft">Theme from Shaft</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a> (1971)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Morning_After_(Maureen_McGovern_song)" title="The Morning After (Maureen McGovern song)">The Morning After</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1972)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)" title="The Way We Were (song)">The Way We Were</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1973)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_May_Never_Love_Like_This_Again" title="We May Never Love Like This Again">We May Never Love Like This Again</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1974)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Easy_(Keith_Carradine_song)" title="I'm Easy (Keith Carradine song)">I'm Easy</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Carradine" title="Keith Carradine">Keith Carradine</a> (1975)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)" title="Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)">Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (1976)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)" title="You Light Up My Life (song)">You Light Up My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)" title="Joseph Brooks (songwriter)">Joseph Brooks</a> (1977)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Dance_(Donna_Summer_song)" title="Last Dance (Donna Summer song)">Last Dance</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Jabara" title="Paul Jabara">Paul Jabara</a> (1978)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Goes_Like_It_Goes" title="It Goes Like It Goes">It Goes Like It Goes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/David_Shire" title="David Shire">David Shire</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Gimbel" title="Norman Gimbel">Norman Gimbel</a> (1979)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fame_(Irene_Cara_song)" title="Fame (Irene Cara song)">Fame</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gore" title="Michael Gore">Michael Gore</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Pitchford" title="Dean Pitchford">Dean Pitchford</a> (1980)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Theme_(Best_That_You_Can_Do)" title="Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)">Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen_(musician)" title="Peter Allen (musician)">Peter Allen</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up_Where_We_Belong" title="Up Where We Belong">Up Where We Belong</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nitzsche" title="Jack Nitzsche">Jack Nitzsche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1982)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flashdance..._What_a_Feeling" title="Flashdance... What a Feeling">Flashdance... What a Feeling</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a> (1983)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Called_to_Say_I_Love_You" title="I Just Called to Say I Love You">I Just Called to Say I Love You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1984)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_You,_Say_Me" title="Say You, Say Me">Say You, Say Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1985)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Breath_Away" title="Take My Breath Away">Take My Breath Away</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Whitlock" title="Tom Whitlock">Tom Whitlock</a> (1986)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Had)_The_Time_of_My_Life" title="(I've Had) The Time of My Life">(I've Had) The Time of My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_DeNicola" title="John DeNicola">John DeNicola</a> and Donald Markowitz</li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a> (1987)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_River_Run" title="Let the River Run">Let the River Run</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> (1988)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Sea" title="Under the Sea">Under the Sea</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1989)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1990)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(Disney_song)" title="Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)">Beauty and the Beast</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1991)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1992)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (1993)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight" title="Can You Feel the Love Tonight">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1994)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Colors_of_the_Wind" title="Colors of the Wind">Colors of the Wind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1995)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1996)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1997)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Believe" title="When You Believe">When You Believe</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1998)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_in_My_Heart" title="You'll Be in My Heart">You'll Be in My Heart</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1999)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Things_Have_Changed" title="Things Have Changed">Things Have Changed</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2000)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Didn%27t_Have_You_(Disney_song)" title="If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)">If I Didn't Have You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2001)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lose_Yourself" title="Lose Yourself">Lose Yourself</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bass" title="Jeff Bass">Jeff Bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Resto_(musician)" title="Luis Resto (musician)">Luis Resto</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2002)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (2003)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Al_otro_lado_del_r%C3%ADo" title="Al otro lado del río">Al otro lado del río</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Drexler" title="Jorge Drexler">Jorge Drexler</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Hard_out_Here_for_a_Pimp" title="It's Hard out Here for a Pimp">It's Hard out Here for a Pimp</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Juicy_J" title="Juicy J">Juicy J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frayser_Boy" title="Frayser Boy">Frayser Boy</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_Paul" title="DJ Paul">DJ Paul</a> (2005)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Need_to_Wake_Up" title="I Need to Wake Up">I Need to Wake Up</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a> (2006)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Falling_Slowly" title="Falling Slowly">Falling Slowly</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Glen_Hansard" title="Glen Hansard">Glen Hansard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1" title="Markéta Irglová">Markéta Irglová</a> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jai_Ho_(song)" title="Jai Ho (song)">Jai Ho</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Gulzar" title="Gulzar">Gulzar</a> (2008)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Kind" title="The Weary Kind">The Weary Kind</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bingham" title="Ryan Bingham">Ryan Bingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a> (2009)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Belong_Together_(Randy_Newman_song)" title="We Belong Together (Randy Newman song)">We Belong Together</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2010)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_or_Muppet" title="Man or Muppet">Man or Muppet</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bret_McKenzie" title="Bret McKenzie">Bret McKenzie</a> (2011)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(song)" title="Skyfall (song)">Skyfall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (2012)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go" title="Let It Go">Let It Go</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2013)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">Glory</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Stephens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Lonnie Lynn</a> (2014)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Writing%27s_on_the_Wall_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Writing's on the Wall (Sam Smith song)">Writing's on the Wall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Napes" title="Jimmy Napes">James Napier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2015)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Stars" title="City of Stars">City of Stars</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Benj_Pasek" title="Benj Pasek">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2016)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Remember_Me_(Coco_song)" title="Remember Me (Coco song)">Remember Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2017)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)" title="Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)">Shallow</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando" title="Anthony Rossomando">Anthony Rossomando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt" title="Andrew Wyatt">Andrew Wyatt</a> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27m_Gonna)_Love_Me_Again" title="(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again">(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Taupin" title="Bernie Taupin">Bernie Taupin</a> (2019)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fight_for_You_(H.E.R._song)" title="Fight for You (H.E.R. song)">Fight for You</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/D%27Mile" title="D'Mile">D'Mile</a> and <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiara_Thomas" title="Tiara Thomas">Tiara Thomas</a> (2020)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)" title="No Time to Die (song)">No Time to Die</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2021)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Naatu_Naatu" title="Naatu Naatu">Naatu Naatu</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/M._M._Keeravani" title="M. M. Keeravani">M. M. Keeravani</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Chandrabose_(lyricist)" title="Chandrabose (lyricist)">Chandrabose</a> (2022)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2023)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Music_Award_of_Merit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Music_Award_of_Merit" title="Template:American Music Award of Merit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Music_Award_of_Merit" title="Template talk:American Music Award of Merit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Music_Award_of_Merit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Music Award of Merit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Music_Award_of_Merit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_of_Merit" title="American Music Award of Merit">American Music Award of Merit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a> (1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(promoter)" title="Bill Graham (promoter)">Bill Graham</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_(American_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama (American band)">Alabama</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_Tony_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template talk:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_Tony_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</li> <li>Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</li> <li>No award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</li> <li>Ruth Green (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</li> <li>No award (1954)</li> <li>Proscenium Productions (1955)</li> <li>Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</li> <li>No award (1967)</li> <li>APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</li> <li>Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</li> <li>Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</li> <li>Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</li> <li>No award (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</li> <li>No award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</li> <li>No award (1989)</li> <li>No award (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</li> <li>No award (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</li> <li>Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</li> <li>No award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gersten" title="Bernard Gersten">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Template:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Template talk:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalScore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalScore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Tony Award for Best Original Score">Tony Award for Best Original Score</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_Scene_(opera)" title="Street Scene (opera)">Street Scene</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me,_Kate" title="Kiss Me, Kate">Kiss Me, Kate</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irving Berlin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Strings" title="No Strings">No Strings</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver!" title="Oliver!">Oliver!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Bart" title="Lionel Bart">Lionel Bart</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(musical)" title="Hello, Dolly! (musical)">Hello, Dolly!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bock" title="Jerry Bock">Jerry Bock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha" title="Man of La Mancha">Man of La Mancha</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Leigh" title="Mitch Leigh">Mitch Leigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Darion" title="Joe Darion">Joe Darion</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)" title="Cabaret (musical)">Cabaret</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_Baby!" title="Hallelujah, Baby!">Hallelujah, Baby!</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follies" title="Follies">Follies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Night_Music" title="A Little Night Music">A Little Night Music</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(musical)" title="Gigi (musical)">Gigi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wiz" title="The Wiz">The Wiz</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smalls" title="Charlie Smalls">Charlie Smalls</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kleban" title="Edward Kleban">Edward Kleban</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_(musical)" title="Annie (musical)">Annie</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Strouse" title="Charles Strouse">Charles Strouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Charnin" title="Martin Charnin">Martin Charnin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Twentieth_Century" title="On the Twentieth Century">On the Twentieth Century</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street" title="Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street">Sweeney Todd</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evita_(musical)" title="Evita (musical)">Evita</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Year_(musical)" title="Woman of the Year (musical)">Woman of the Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_(musical)" title="Nine (musical)">Nine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_(musical)" title="Cats (musical)">Cats</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cage_aux_Folles_(musical)" title="La Cage aux Folles (musical)">La Cage aux Folles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_River_(musical)" title="Big River (musical)">Big River</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood_(musical)" title="The Mystery of Edwin Drood (musical)">The Mystery of Edwin Drood</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Holmes" title="Rupert Holmes">Rupert Holmes</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)" title="Les Misérables (musical)">Les Misérables</a> by <a href="/wiki/Claude-Michel_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Claude-Michel Schönberg">Claude-Michel Schönberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kretzmer" title="Herbert Kretzmer">Herbert Kretzmer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Boublil" title="Alain Boublil">Alain Boublil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Woods" title="Into the Woods">Into the Woods</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1988)</li> <li>No Award (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Angels_(musical)" title="City of Angels (musical)">City of Angels</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Zippel" title="David Zippel">David Zippel</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Will_Rogers_Follies" title="The Will Rogers Follies">The Will Rogers Follies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Coleman" title="Cy Coleman">Cy Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsettos" title="Falsettos">Falsettos</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Finn" title="William Finn">William Finn</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(musical)" title="Kiss of the Spider Woman (musical)">Kiss of the Spider Woman</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Who%27s_Tommy" title="The Who's Tommy">The Who's Tommy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend">Pete Townshend</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(musical)" title="Passion (musical)">Passion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(musical)" title="Sunset Boulevard (musical)">Sunset Boulevard</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hampton" title="Christopher Hampton">Christopher Hampton</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(musical)" title="Titanic (musical)">Titanic</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime_(musical)" title="Ragtime (musical)">Ragtime</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Flaherty" title="Stephen Flaherty">Stephen Flaherty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Ahrens" title="Lynn Ahrens">Lynn Ahrens</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(musical)" title="Parade (musical)">Parade</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aida_(musical)" title="Aida (musical)">Aida</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(musical)" title="The Producers (musical)">The Producers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinetown" title="Urinetown">Urinetown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hollmann" title="Mark Hollmann">Mark Hollmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kotis" title="Greg Kotis">Greg Kotis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairspray_(musical)" title="Hairspray (musical)">Hairspray</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Shaiman" title="Marc Shaiman">Marc Shaiman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Wittman" title="Scott Wittman">Scott Wittman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Q" title="Avenue Q">Avenue Q</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Marx" title="Jeff Marx">Jeff Marx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_in_the_Piazza_(musical)" title="The Light in the Piazza (musical)">The Light in the Piazza</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Guettel" title="Adam Guettel">Adam Guettel</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drowsy_Chaperone" title="The Drowsy Chaperone">The Drowsy Chaperone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lambert" title="Lisa Lambert">Lisa Lambert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Morrison" title="Greg Morrison">Greg Morrison</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Awakening_(musical)" title="Spring Awakening (musical)">Spring Awakening</a> by <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Sater" title="Steven Sater">Steven Sater</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heights" title="In the Heights">In the Heights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_to_Normal" title="Next to Normal">Next to Normal</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kitt_(musician)" title="Tom Kitt (musician)">Tom Kitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Yorkey" title="Brian Yorkey">Brian Yorkey</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_(musical)" title="Memphis (musical)">Memphis</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Bryan" title="David Bryan">David Bryan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiPietro" title="Joe DiPietro">Joe DiPietro</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon_(musical)" title="The Book of Mormon (musical)">The Book of Mormon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Stone" title="Matt Stone">Matt Stone</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsies_(musical)" title="Newsies (musical)">Newsies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Feldman_(songwriter)" title="Jack Feldman (songwriter)">Jack Feldman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinky_Boots_(musical)" title="Kinky Boots (musical)">Kinky Boots</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridges_of_Madison_County_(musical)" title="The Bridges of Madison County (musical)">The Bridges of Madison County</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robert_Brown" title="Jason Robert Brown">Jason Robert Brown</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun_Home_(musical)" title="Fun Home (musical)">Fun Home</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Kron" title="Lisa Kron">Lisa Kron</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Evan_Hansen" title="Dear Evan Hansen">Dear Evan Hansen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benj_Pasek" title="Benj Pasek">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band%27s_Visit_(musical)" title="The Band's Visit (musical)">The Band's Visit</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Yazbek" title="David Yazbek">David Yazbek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadestown" title="Hadestown">Hadestown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Mitchell" title="Anaïs Mitchell">Anaïs Mitchell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2017_play)" title="A Christmas Carol (2017 play)">A Christmas Carol</a> by Christopher Nightingale (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_(musical)" title="Six (musical)">Six</a> by <a href="/wiki/Toby_Marlow" title="Toby Marlow">Toby Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Moss" title="Lucy Moss">Lucy Moss</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Akimbo_(musical)" title="Kimberly Akimbo (musical)">Kimberly Akimbo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Tesori" title="Jeanine Tesori">Jeanine Tesori</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shaina_Taub" title="Shaina Taub">Shaina Taub</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128746#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128746#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128746#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108769971">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19864566">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/8654/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgRQrqkRFBvGrjywXwQv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118850776">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50026116">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891411t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891411t">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00958475">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV441168">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36549184">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000722&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX847391">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1585182">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073475408">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90100856">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000051609&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000047935&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000211893">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=212724">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000034227">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018M7931">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn2468884vm0c72">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810633853405606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258398205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000189738">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13982604">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09678343?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500335880">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/5e645519-a175-4fe0-9a9b-eb9dc9f506b5">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/101971">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/34164">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/395735">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&oldid=1257915290">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irving_Berlin&oldid=1257915290</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irving_Berlin" title="Category:Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1888_births" title="Category:1888 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