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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The company in 2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_company_in_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CAMECA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French scientific instrument manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Cameca</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameca_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cameca_Logo.png/250px-Cameca_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cameca_Logo.png/375px-Cameca_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cameca_Logo.png/500px-Cameca_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="138" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific instruments">scientific instruments</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Gennevilliers" title="Gennevilliers">Gennevilliers</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2934720?uselang=en#P159" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">France <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2934720?uselang=en#P17" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cameca.com//">cameca.com/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CAMECA</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturer">manufacturer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific instruments">scientific instruments</a>, namely material analysis instruments based on <a href="/wiki/Charged_particle_beam" title="Charged particle beam">charged particle beam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAMECA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was founded as a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphie_sans_fil" title="Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil">Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil</a> (CSF), in 1929, as « Radio-cinéma » at the time of the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Talkies" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkies">talkies</a>. The job was to design and manufacture <a href="/wiki/Movie_projectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie projectors">Movie projectors</a> for big cinema screening rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, spurred on by <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Ponte" class="extiw" title="fr:Maurice Ponte">Maurice Ponte</a>, director of CSF and a future member of the French Academy of Sciences, the company manufactured scientific instruments developed in French University laboratories: the Spark Spectrometer at the beginning of the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Electron_microprobe" title="Electron microprobe">Castaing Microprobe</a> from 1958, and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_ion_mass_spectrometry" title="Secondary ion mass spectrometry">Secondary Ion Analysers</a> from 1968. Also in the early 1950s the company settled the factory in <a href="/wiki/Courbevoie" title="Courbevoie">Courbevoie</a>, boulevard Saint-Denis where it remained for more than fifty years. The Spark Spectrometer was abandoned at the end of the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of CAMECA, standing for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Compagnie des Applications Mécaniques et Electroniques au Cinéma et à l'Atomistique</i></span>, was given in 1954. The business of movie projectors stopped soon after 1960, but in the 1960s there was a short-lived revival of the film business through the adventure of the <a href="/wiki/Scopitone" title="Scopitone">Scopitone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1977, the year that the IMS3F was launched, CAMECA has had a virtual monopoly in the field of magnetic <a href="/wiki/Secondary_ion_mass_spectrometry" title="Secondary ion mass spectrometry">SIMS</a>, but it shares the market for Castaing microprobe with Japanese competitors, including <a href="/wiki/Jeol" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeol">Jeol</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">semiconductor industry</a> is a very important outlet for magnetic SIMS. At the end of the 20th century, CAMECA gained a foothold in a third analytical technique, <a href="/wiki/Tomographic_atom_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomographic atom probe">tomographic atom probe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, CAMECA left the <a href="/wiki/Thomson-CSF" title="Thomson-CSF">Thomson-CSF</a> group and was subject to a <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> by its management and employees. In 2001, the company was sold to a small French <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> fund, and then to another private equity fund controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a>, which sold CAMECA to <a href="/wiki/Ametek" title="Ametek">Ametek</a>, which merged CAMECA with Imago Scientific Instruments in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1975, the number of employees has been about 200. Subsidiaries were created in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. These subsidiaries engaged in commercial and maintenance activities and employ a few dozen people.<sup id="cite_ref-dech_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dech-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_company_in_2011">The company in 2011</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAMECA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The company in 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the website of the company, in 2011 its business was in two different markets: scientific instruments dedicated to research activities; and <a href="/wiki/Metrology" title="Metrology">metrology</a> for the semiconductor industry. The latter market addresses <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication" title="Semiconductor device fabrication">semiconductor fabrication</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleanrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleanrooms">cleanrooms</a> with a dedicated version of the Castaing electron probe based on the LEXES technique (low energy electron induced X-ray emission spectrometry) developed at the beginning of the 21st century. </p><p>CAMECA instruments are well known in academic communities, including the fields of <a href="/wiki/Geochemistry" title="Geochemistry">geochemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary science</a>, and CAMECA has been cited dozens of times in scientific journals such as <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. </p><p>In 2010, Ametek purchased the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> start-up <a href="/wiki/Imago_Scientific_Instruments" title="Imago Scientific Instruments">Imago Scientific Instruments</a> and attached it to CAMECA.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CAMECA therefore holds the monopoly in the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Atom_probe" title="Atom probe">atom probe</a> instruments with the LEAP brand name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAMECA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dech-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dech_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmanuel de Chambost, <i>A History of CAMECA (1954-2009)</i>, in <i>Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics</i>, Vol.167, 2011, pp.1-119, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-385985-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-385985-3">978-0-12-385985-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Charles Scagnetti, <i>L'aventure scopitone (1957-1983)</i>, Paris, Editions Autrement, Coll. Mémoires/Culture, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7467-1396-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7467-1396-3">978-2-7467-1396-3</a> p.10-17 and p.27-45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://host.madison.com/wsj/business/article_f9ad86b0-431b-11df-aaec-001cc4c03286.html">Imago sold to Pennsylvania Company</a> - Wisconsin State Journal, 8 avril 2010</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAMECA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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