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.td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text,.td-post-sharing-style16 .td-social-share-text .td-social-but-text{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){.td-post-sharing-style2 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style4 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style6 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style7 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style15 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style17 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style18 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style19 .td-social-share-text,.td-post-sharing-style20 .td-social-share-text{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="td-post-sharing-visible"><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yekum.org%2F2021%2F11%2F%25d7%25a4%25d7%2592%25d7%2599%25d7%25a9%25d7%2594-%25d7%2591%25d7%2590%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a7%25d7%2590%25d7%25a4%25d7%25a8%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a2%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a1%25d7%2595%25d7%25a4%25d7%25a8-%25d7%2590%25d7%259b%25d7%25a1%25d7%259c-%25d7%259e%25d7%2595%25d7%25a0%25d7%25aa%25d7%2594%2F" title="Facebook" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-facebook"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Facebook</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%94&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yekum.org%2F2021%2F11%2F%25d7%25a4%25d7%2592%25d7%2599%25d7%25a9%25d7%2594-%25d7%2591%25d7%2590%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a7%25d7%2590%25d7%25a4%25d7%25a8%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a2%25d7%259d-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a1%25d7%2595%25d7%25a4%25d7%25a8-%25d7%2590%25d7%259b%25d7%25a1%25d7%259c-%25d7%259e%25d7%2595%25d7%25a0%25d7%25aa%25d7%2594%2F&via=%D7%99%D6%B0%D7%A7%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%9D+%D7%AA%D6%B7%D6%BC%D7%A8%D6%B0%D7%91%D6%BC%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%AA" title="Twitter" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-twitter"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Twitter</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-pinterest" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/&media=https://www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/san-mikle-3.jpg&description=סיפורה של פגישה באי קאפרי בין ברוך תירוש הצעיר ובין הסופר אכסל מונתה שכתב את הספר מגילת סן- מיקלה, אחד הספרים הידועים של המאה ה-20, ועל מה שגילה מונתה על הקשר בינו, בין מקסים גורקי, ובין התנועה הציונית." title="Pinterest" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-pinterest"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Pinterest</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%94 %0A%0A https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/" title="WhatsApp" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-whatsapp"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">WhatsApp</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/&title=%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%94" title="Linkedin" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-linkedin"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Linkedin</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-mail" href="mailto:?subject=פגישה באי קאפרי עם הסופר אכסל מונתה&body=https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/" title="Email" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-mail"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Email</div></a><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-network td-social-print" href="#" title="Print" ><div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-print"></i></div><div class="td-social-but-text">Print</div></a></div><div class="td-social-sharing-hidden"><ul class="td-pulldown-filter-list"></ul><a class="td-social-sharing-button td-social-handler td-social-expand-tabs" href="#" data-block-uid="td_social_sharing_article_top" title="More"> <div class="td-social-but-icon"><i class="td-icon-plus td-social-expand-tabs-icon"></i></div> </a></div></div></div> <div class="td-post-content tagdiv-type"> <p>על פגישה באי קפרי ב-1948 בין ברוך תירוש הצעיר הארץ ישראלי ובין הסופר <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%94" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">אכסל מונתה</a>, שכתב את הספר מגילת סן-מיקלה, ועל הקשר בין מונתה, מקסים גורקי הסופר הרוסי, והתנועה הציונית.</p> <p>אחד הספרים הנקראים ברחבי העולם במחצית הראשונה של המאה העשרים היה ספרו של הרופא השוודי אכסל מונתה מגילת סן מיקלה שנכתב ב-1929. מונתה למד רפואה באוניברסיטת אופסלה שבשבדיה מולדתו, והשתלם בפאריס. עסק ברפואה באיטליה וב-1930 נתמנה רופא-חצר לגוסטב החמישי מלך שבדיה, שהיה לידידו. את פרסומו העולמי קנה בספרו “מגילת סן-מיקלה”, אשר מאז הופעתו תורגם לעשרות שפות.</p> <p>אבי גולדברג</p> <p>בשלהי אביב 1948, הגענו לחופי תל אביב באוניה “מאסטרלה” העמוסה לעייפה בנשק צ’כי – עשרת אלפים רובים, אלפיים וחמש מאות מקלעים, חמש מאות מקלעי “בזה” כבדים, ותחמושת, כארבעים וחמישה מיליון כדורים. המטען היקר והחיוני שיועד לחימוש כוחות הפורצים במבצע “נחשון”, לטיהור הפרוזדור לירושלים, הועבר מצ’כיה על גבי דוברות בנהרות, וברכבות דרך יוגוסלביה ההרוסה, עד נמל שיבניק הממוקם על אגם מקסים, ממנו הובילה תעלה לעבר הים האדריאטי. כיום מפוארת העיר שיבניק במלונות ואתרי תיירות, אך באותה העת הייתה שוממה, וניכרו בחוצותיה מוראות המלחמה. ליד האוניה, שעגנה למעשה במרכז העיר, שוטטו כעשרים ילדים יתומי מלחמה, מהם פגועים ונכים, שציפו לאוכל החם שאנחנו, מלווי האוניה יהודה פרא, שאול ביבר, יונה ז’אבין, ואנוכי ברוך תירוש, היינו מורידים להם פעמיים ביום למגינת ליבם של השלטונות שחששו מהפגיעה ב”שם הטוב” של אזרחי שיבניק. לאחר הטענת רבבות ארגזי הנשק, הוטענה האוניה במאות טונות של לוחות עץ, באורח שימנע גישה למטעני הנשק, ויסתירם ממפקחי האו”ם שנהגו לעלות על כל אונייה שהתקרבה ארצה, בכדי למנוע החדרת נשק ועולים כשירים לגיוס.</p> <p>בהגיענו לחופי תל אביב עלו על הסיפון עשרות סוורים, בני סלוניקי, שהרעיפו נשיקות וחיבוקים, והחלו לפרוק במרץ את רבבות לוחות העץ, אוצר יקר בעת ההיא, שהוטענו שתי וערב להסוואת הנשק. פריקת הלוחות הייתה קשה ונמשכה כיומיים.  ברגע מרגש הגיעו הסוורים לארגזי הנשק, ושאגות שמחה וצהלה ליוו כל מטען שהורם מאפלת המחסנים והורד תוך מחיאות כפיים לדוברות בצד האוניה. דוברה אחר דוברה נגררה לפריקה במעגן הנמל, ולהטענת המטען על משאיות שהובילו את הנשק למחנה שרונה בפאתי תל אביב, שם עסקו מאות נשקים בהסרת ה”גריז”, ובהכנה מזורזת של כלי הנשק להעברה לחזית. יהודה פרא, כיום בן צור, ואני, שבשעתו כוניתי “בוטרוס”, היינו מיועדים לחזור לאיטליה על האניה, ולקראת השלמת הפריקה, יצאנו בחשיכת הלילה ל”ביקור קרובים” קצר, וכמובן מיהרנו לקפה “כסית” לראות את החבר’ה. הלב נחמץ לשמע החללים הרבים מבין חברינו, שנפלו בקרבות הפריצה לירושלים, חבורת הל”ה, ושיירות נבי דניאל ויחיעם. אך גם נהנינו לשמוע על נפלאות הנשק החדש שהגיע ברגע הנכון. מובן שלא סיפרנו שאנחנו הבאנו את הכלים. והנה התגלה לנו יוחאי בן נון כשהוא מדדה על רגל חבושה כולה בגבס. “נפצעתי בקרב על נבי סמואל” הוא סיפר. למעלה משלושים מחברינו נהרגו בקרב הדמים, איתם גם “פוזה” שהיה המפקד, ו”פוקסי”, צבי מונש, ידידנו הטוב, המתנדב מארה”ב.  </p> <p>משהתברר שיוחאי מרותק לגבס לכמה שבועות, הצענו לו להצטרף אלינו לנסיעה לאיטליה, ללא דרכון או ציוד, תוך שאנחנו מבטיחים לזלמן פרח וליגאל אלון, שהיו נוכחים בכסית, להחזיר את יוחאי במועד, בריא ושלם.</p> <p>הגענו לנאפולי שחורים מאבק הפחם שכיסה אותנו, ולאחר רחיצה ברותחין במרחצאות הנמל, יצאנו בספינה, ללא תעודות, לביקור באי קפרי, ששכיות החמדה בו התפרסמו בספר “מגילת סן מיקלה” של הסופר השוודי ד”ר אכסל מונתה. לאחר שייט במערה הכחולה שוטטנו בעיירה הקסומה, ועלינו למרומי “אנה קאפרי” בפיתולי דרך מעל תהומות שכמותם לא ראינו מעולם. לפתע, באחת מסמטאות “אנה קאפרי” נתקלתי בשלט נחושת קטן ועליו המלים “וילה סן מיקלה”. רעד עבר בגופי כשנזכרתי בשעות הארוכות והמרתקות שביליתי בקריאת הספר האגדי בהוצאת “אמנות” בתל אביב, שהיה מנוקד ובתרגומו של י.ל. ברוך.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-1.jpg?ssl=1"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="174" height="289" data-attachment-id="101816" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/san-mikle-1/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-1.jpg?fit=174%2C289&ssl=1" data-orig-size="174,289" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="san-mikle-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-1.jpg?fit=174%2C289&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-1.jpg?fit=174%2C289&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-1.jpg?resize=174%2C289&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-101816" data-recalc-dims="1"/></a><figcaption>כריכה קדמית של ״מגילת סן-מיקלה״ של אכסל מונתה בהוצאת ״עם עובד״</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?ssl=1"><img decoding="async" width="390" height="704" data-attachment-id="101817" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/san-mikle-2/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?fit=390%2C704&ssl=1" data-orig-size="390,704" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="san-mikle-2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?fit=166%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?fit=390%2C704&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?resize=390%2C704&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-101817" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?w=390&ssl=1 390w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?resize=166%2C300&ssl=1 166w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/san-mikle-2.jpg?resize=233%2C420&ssl=1 233w" sizes="(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px" data-recalc-dims="1" /></a><figcaption>כריכה אחורית של ״מגילת סן-מיקלה״ של אכסל מונתה</figcaption></figure></div> <p>משכנו במצילה על השער והופיע שרת בחליפה שחורה; האם הד”ר אכסל מונתה בבית? שאלנו, רצינו לשוחח איתו. </p> <p> “הדוקטור חולה מאד, ולא יראה איש” הפטיר השרת וסגר את השער בפנינו.  </p> <p>יהודה רצה להמשיך בטיול, אך אני לא ויתרתי וצלצלתי שנית “אנא אמור לדוקטור שאנחנו אוהדיו, מירושלים, ארץ הקודש – טרה סנטה” הכרזנו באיטלקית. השרת נעלם מאחורי השער הנעול וחזר תוך דקה.  </p> <p>הדוקטור שואל אם אתם “עברים”, היבראי באיטלקית, רטן השרת, ואני היססתי: אולי יתנער מאתנו אם ישמע שאנחנו יהודים. מכל מקום התמלאתי אומץ והשבתי בחיוב “היבראי”, יהודים!      </p> <p>השער נפתח לרווחה, ואנחנו צעדנו ביראת כבוד לעבר חדר בוהק בלובן קירותיו ובאור השמש המסנוור. הסופר המהולל שכב על מיטת נזירים כשהוא מכוסה בסדין לבן, וסביבו פסלים רומאים ויוונים. ממול נשקף נוף הרים ותהומות ים תכול, מבעד לגינה פראית משובצת בעמודים עתיקים ופסלים אין ספור, ביניהם הספינקס המצרי הנודע.</p> <p>השרת הושיב אותנו מסביב למיטה ואני לא ידעתי את נפשי מהתרגשות. לא חלמתי שאזכה לראות את האיש שחשף את צפונות האי קאפרי במערות שמתחת, ומעל פני המים את שרידי ארמונו של הקיסר טיבריוס, באור המבהיק של השמש ובצבע התכול של גלי הים, מרגוע לנפשו הסוערת.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?ssl=1"><img decoding="async" data-attachment-id="101815" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/2021/11/%d7%a4%d7%92%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94-%d7%91%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a7%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8-%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%a1%d7%9c-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%aa%d7%94/axel_munthe/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?fit=509%2C984&ssl=1" data-orig-size="509,984" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Axel_Munthe" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?fit=155%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?fit=509%2C984&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?resize=510%2C985&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-101815" width="510" height="985" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?w=509&ssl=1 509w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?resize=155%2C300&ssl=1 155w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?resize=217%2C420&ssl=1 217w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Axel_Munthe.jpg?resize=435%2C840&ssl=1 435w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" data-recalc-dims="1" /></a><figcaption>אכסל מונתה. ויקיפדיה </figcaption></figure></div> <p>לפתע נשמע בלחש קולו של אכסל מונתה “האם אתם ציונים?”, הוא שאל באנגלית. </p> <p>“כן”, השבתי בכנות ובנחישות “אנחנו מקדישים את חיינו לציונות!”.  </p> <p>“גם אני הייתי פעם ציוני גדול”, השיב הסופר בלחש, “האם שמעתם על הסופר הרוסי הגדול מקסים גורקי? הוא סייע למשוררים יהודים לעזוב את ברה”מ, ובשנות ה-20, סייעתי לו להקים באמלפי הכשרה”, את המילה “הכשרה” אמר בעברית, “לחלוצים רבים בדרכם לארץ ישראל, ועד 1936 הכשרנו שם מאות חלוצים שהתכוננו לעלות להתיישבות בקיבוצים.”</p> <p>קולו של הסופר נחלש, והוא נרדם לעינינו, ובעוד אנחנו משתאים ונדהמים, הופיע השרת בחתף והוציא אותנו מהחדר ודרך הגן לעבר השער והרחוב. מצאנו את עצמנו בין כפריים מובילים עיזים לבנות ומיהרנו אל הרכבל, שם הכרנו נערה יהודייה מנאפולי שהזמינה אותנו לביתה, והייתה זו תחילת ידידות שהסתיימה בעליית בני משפחתה ארצה.</p> <p>אני, מכל מקום, הייתי נרעש, ורציתי להגיע במהרה לרומא ולספר שם לממונים ולחבורה על התגלית המרעישה.</p> <p>לדאבוני, איש לא האמין לי, ובעצם הכל לעגו לי ולתמימותי. “איזה מעשיות אתה מפיץ”, טענו, “ד”ר אכסל מונתה ומקסים גורקי ציונים? מכשירים חלוצים? ודווקא באמלפי הקסומה?”. ובכלל, הרי גורקי היה אז מבכירי בריה”מ, ומה לו ולחלוצים היהודים. בהגיעי ארצה ניסיתי לתאר את המסכת המופלאה שנמסרה לי, ונתקלתי באותו לעג ועלבון, מה גם שמלחמת העצמאות הייתה בעיצומה, כך שחדלתי מלספר ושמרתי את האגדה בליבי. </p> <p>עברו ארבעים שנה ויותר, ורוסיה נחשפה בפני מבקרים וחוקרים מהמערב וגם מישראל. והנה אני מוצא בכתב העת “נתיב” תיאור ביקורו של פרופסור מירושלים בארכיון מקסים גורקי במוסקבה ובלנינגרד. החוקר הישראלי מצא שם למעלה ממאה מכתבים משנות העשרים, בין מקסים גורקי לביאליק, טשרניחובסקי, אוסישקין, ז’בוטינסקי, ווייצמן. במכתבים מתעניין גורקי בנעשה בארץ, בהתפתחות היישוב, ובשירים של ביאליק וטשרניחובסקי, שתורגמו עבורו לרוסית ע”י זאב ז’בוטינסקי.</p> <p>מתוך המכתבים המרתקים מתברר שמקסים גורקי היה מעורב בהסדרת אישור ליציאה מבריה”מ, מה שהיה אז כמעט בלתי אפשרי, עבור חיים נחמן ביאליק ושאול טשרניחובסקי. התיאור החזיר אותי לסיפור ששמעתי בשנת 1948 מפיו של הסופר השוודי אכסל מונתה. מיהרתי לעיין באנציקלופדיה, ואכן מצאתי שם שגורקי יצא לגלות בשנת 1928 ושהה ב”בדידות” באמלפי עד שנת 1936, כאשר “התפייס” עם ראשי המשטר הקומוניסטי וחזר הביתה “בכבוד גדול”. תוך כמה חודשים הוא חלה ב”שחפת” ושבק חיים, כגורלו של דב בורוכוב לפניו.  </p> <p>כך התבהרה לי ההתרחשות שאותה תאר לי אקסל מונתה בלחישה, כמה חודשים לפני מותו. נראה שמקסים גורקי, שהיה בקשרים אמיצים עם ראשי הציונות, מצא אצלם תמיכה ופרנסה בעת מצוקתו, באמצעות החווה באמלפי שהועמדה לרשותו, ואותה הוא ניהל ביחד עם ידידו הסופר אכסל מונטה. יתכן ועדיין שרדו כמה מהחלוצים שהכשירו עצמם במורדות אמלפי הקסומה לעלילות ההתיישבות בחום הלוהט של עמק יזרעאל ועמק הירדן. האם תיחשף התעלומה ונצליח אי פעם לאתרם?    האם יצליח חוקר חרוץ למצוא רישומים וקבלות בגנזכי הציונות, המוכיחים את הקשר עם מקסים גורקי ואכסל מונטה לפני כמעט 90 שנה? </p> <p>סיפורי פורסם בין חוקרי “נתיב” ובקובץ “עתמול” ע”י אוניברסיטת ת”א, הכולל חומר עשיר מעלילות ראשית הציונות המעשית, וקיבלתי את המכתב הבא ממוקי צור:</p> <p>ברוך תירוש היקר,</p> <p>אני מבקש להודות לך על האירוח החם, ולהוסיף כמה משפטים על סיפור מונתה. מונתה פגש בנסיבות דומות ליד ביתו את חבורת החלוצים הראשונה של העלייה השלישית, חבורת ה-105 אם אינני טועה (לא ראשוני העלייה השלישית אלא עליית  החלוצים של העלייה השלישית). זה היה בשנת 1919. הוא דאג להם לעבודה במקום עד שעלו ארצה, כשדמותו מלווה אותם בהתרגשות רבה. באשר לגורקי, מעבר להערכה העמוקה שהיתה לגורקי לביאליק, אשתו של גורקי היתה אשה מאד מיוחדת, והיתה מעין צלב אדום של אשה אחת שדאגה לשלום אסירי ציון בברית המועצות. היא הצליחה להביא להסדרי הגירה ליוצאי סיביר עם חלוף מועד העונש שהוטל עליהם כדי להעלות אותם ארצה, וכך הגיעו ארצה לא מעט מעולי העלייה השלישית והרביעית. צריך לדעת כי בתוך הממסד הסובייטי היה נטוש וויכוח לגבי הציונות והלאומיות היהודית. וויכוח זה, אילולא שלח אנשים לסיביר, ואילולא הרג לא מעט, היה יכול להיות וויכוח מעניין. בכל אופן גורקי, שהיה סוציאליסט מתון ופרובלמאטי למשטר, ואשתו, היו בהחלט פעילים בעזרה לציונות, כפי שהיו דאוגים בקשר לזכויות אדם בכלל. במסגרת סדרי העלייה, שתשתיתה נבנתה לא מעט בזכותה של הגברת גורקי, עלו כל אנשי אפיקים ורבים רבים אחרים של הגווארדיה הוותיקה של  מפא”י המכונה הגוש.  </p> <p>בברכה,                                                                                                 מוקי צור </p> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/san-mikle-3.jpg?ssl=1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="180" height="280" 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alt="ברוך תירוש" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ברוך-תירוש.jpg?w=235&ssl=1 235w, https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ברוך-תירוש.jpg?resize=220%2C300&ssl=1 220w" sizes="(max-width: 147px) 100vw, 147px" data-attachment-id="102085" data-permalink="https://www.yekum.org/?attachment_id=102085" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ברוך-תירוש.jpg?fit=235%2C320&ssl=1" data-orig-size="235,320" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="ברוך תירוש" data-image-description="<p>ברוך תירוש</p> " data-image-caption="<p>ברוך תירוש</p> " data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ברוך-תירוש.jpg?fit=220%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ברוך-תירוש.jpg?fit=235%2C320&ssl=1" tabindex="0" role="button" /></a><div class="desc"><div class="td-author-name vcard author"><span class="fn"><a href="https://www.yekum.org/author/baruch-tirosh">ברוך תירוש</a></span></div><div class="td-author-description">נולד בישראל 1929, בשם ברוך זילברברג. כינויו בפלי״ם היה בוטרוס. בשנת 1943 התנדב לחי״ש, שירת בפלוגה ג׳ והשלים באותה שנה קורס מ״כ ליד כפר- מנחם. התגייס לפלי״ם בשלהי 1945. השתתף בהורדות מעפילים מהספינות, ובמבצעי הפלי״ם. הדריך בקורס מ״כ במענית במהלכו פיקד על הדיפת התקפה על הקיבוץ, היה שותף למיקוש מוצלח של מחנה עירקי בואדי ערה, ולחיסול מארב. הביא עם יהודה פרא את אונית הרכש הזקן מאסטראלה, בה היו רבבות כלי נשק, הוביל את הספינה אורכידיאה-מדינת-ישראל עם 275 מעפילים לארץ. עד לשחרורו בינואר 1950 המשיך בהובלת ספינות הרכש, והיה שותף למבצעי שב״כ ומוסד. ב-1957 הצטרף לאל-על. פרש לגימלאות בשנת 1994, משמש כיושב ראש עמותת ותיקי אל-על. נשוי לליליאן, אב ל-3 בנים, וסבא ל-6 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את המקרא – דיון בשניים">האם בית עלי כתב את המקרא – דיון בשניים</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="td-next-prev-wrap"><a href="#" class="td-ajax-prev-page ajax-page-disabled" aria-label="prev-page" id="prev-page-tdi_40" data-td_block_id="tdi_40"><i class="td-next-prev-icon td-icon-font td-icon-menu-left"></i></a><a href="#" class="td-ajax-next-page" aria-label="next-page" id="next-page-tdi_40" data-td_block_id="tdi_40"><i class="td-next-prev-icon td-icon-font td-icon-menu-right"></i></a></div></div>  <div class="comments" id="comments"> <div class="td-comments-title-wrap td_block_template_1"> <h4 class="td-comments-title block-title"> <span>5 תגובות</span> </h4> </div> <ol class="comment-list "> <li class="comment " id="comment-15348"> <article> <footer> <img data-del="avatar" alt="אלי אשד" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=50%2C28&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'/> <cite><a href="http://www.no-666.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">אלי אשד</a></cite> <a class="comment-link" href="#comment-15348"> <time pubdate="1637479203"> 21 נובמבר, 2021 At 10:20 </time> </a> </footer> <div class="comment-content tagdiv-type"> <p>Naama Amit-Foner בפייסבוק :<br /> אחד הספרים האהובים עלי ביותר, וכבת לאבא פלמ”חניק- סיקרנת מאוד. תודה</p> </div> <div class="comment-meta" id="comment-15348"> <a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-15348' data-commentid="15348" data-postid="100751" data-belowelement="comment-15348" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="להגיב לאלי אשד" aria-label='להגיב לאלי אשד'>תגובה</a> </div> </article>   </li> <li class="comment " id="comment-15349"> <article> <footer> <img data-del="avatar" alt="אלי אשד" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=50%2C28&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'/> <cite><a href="http://www.no-666.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">אלי אשד</a></cite> <a class="comment-link" href="#comment-15349"> <time pubdate="1637479232"> 21 נובמבר, 2021 At 10:20 </time> </a> </footer> <div class="comment-content tagdiv-type"> <p>אורית נבו שדמון בפייסבוק :<br /> כתבה מרתקת,על חלק נסתר בהסטוריה,גם כבת לאבא פלמחניק?ספר שעד היום נהנת להזכר בו.</p> </div> <div class="comment-meta" id="comment-15349"> <a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-15349' data-commentid="15349" data-postid="100751" data-belowelement="comment-15349" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="להגיב לאלי אשד" aria-label='להגיב לאלי אשד'>תגובה</a> </div> </article>   </li> <li class="comment " id="comment-15350"> <article> <footer> <img data-del="avatar" alt="אלי אשד" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=50%2C28&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'/> <cite><a href="http://www.no-666.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">אלי אשד</a></cite> <a class="comment-link" href="#comment-15350"> <time pubdate="1637558826"> 22 נובמבר, 2021 At 08:27 </time> </a> </footer> <div class="comment-content tagdiv-type"> <p>אטי שני בפייסבוק:<br /> ספר נהדר שלא נס ליחו ולא פחות נהדר הספור של המפגש בין הפלמחניק לסופר.</p> </div> <div class="comment-meta" id="comment-15350"> <a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-15350' data-commentid="15350" data-postid="100751" data-belowelement="comment-15350" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="להגיב לאלי אשד" aria-label='להגיב לאלי אשד'>תגובה</a> </div> </article>   </li> <li class="comment " id="comment-15351"> <article> <footer> <img data-del="avatar" alt="אלי אשד" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=50%2C28&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'/> <cite><a href="http://www.no-666.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">אלי אשד</a></cite> <a class="comment-link" href="#comment-15351"> <time pubdate="1637558853"> 22 נובמבר, 2021 At 08:27 </time> </a> </footer> <div class="comment-content tagdiv-type"> <p>Rotem Guetta בפייסבוק:<br /> אין על התרגומים הישנים עם מאובני המילים של העברית הנכחדת מקופלים בתוך דפים צהובים… כל ספר ישן כזה הוא קפסולת זמן נדירה שמשגרת את הקורא למסע נוסטלגי אל העולם האנלוגי של המאה שעברה – בלי צורך בקסדות VR ובלי המטאבראס של צוקרברג.</p> </div> <div class="comment-meta" id="comment-15351"> <a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-15351' data-commentid="15351" data-postid="100751" data-belowelement="comment-15351" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="להגיב לאלי אשד" aria-label='להגיב לאלי אשד'>תגובה</a> </div> </article>   </li> <li class="comment " id="comment-15352"> <article> <footer> <img data-del="avatar" alt="אלי אשד" src='https://i0.wp.com/www.yekum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Eli-BCard.jpg?fit=50%2C28&ssl=1' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'/> <cite><a href="http://www.no-666.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">אלי אשד</a></cite> <a class="comment-link" href="#comment-15352"> <time pubdate="1637558909"> 22 נובמבר, 2021 At 08:28 </time> </a> </footer> <div class="comment-content tagdiv-type"> <p>Oded Mor</p> <p>בצירוף מקרים נחמד, אנחנו מטיילים היום בקאפרי, וביקרנו גם בווילה סן מקלה של מונתה.</p> </div> <div class="comment-meta" id="comment-15352"> <a rel='nofollow' class='comment-reply-link' href='#comment-15352' data-commentid="15352" data-postid="100751" data-belowelement="comment-15352" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="להגיב לאלי אשד" aria-label='להגיב לאלי אשד'>תגובה</a> </div> </article>   </li> </ol> <div class="comment-pagination"> </div> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">השאר תגובה <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" 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