CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350748e8bf5f77',cH: 'TlohlCGq7pnanyp2iXLdt5eF2Nw7LFsxZ98wVJeYUeg-1739787454-1.2.1.1-3atxHKCYgiSlRfJFTgcvofgLkXSLdXLau9TCCUIcMTZ2IDVX_7D_er5IHG46AXYs',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ecological%20engineering&__cf_chl_tk=5RBvJNT1vsfSZ5g4i0zj95bNOjeMoWY_Sq12iYaCBTw-1739787454-1.0.1.1-UaZWQsT8Q3Z7O4LKsI3Fz20cY2FL7fkjk8HOKNmXQws",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787454',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ecological%20engineering&__cf_chl_f_tk=5RBvJNT1vsfSZ5g4i0zj95bNOjeMoWY_Sq12iYaCBTw-1739787454-1.0.1.1-UaZWQsT8Q3Z7O4LKsI3Fz20cY2FL7fkjk8HOKNmXQws",md: "SgBVy7wck8UzZJ_mgI7EAOTFFo.Cj3chnIb1Ur21q38-1739787454-1.2.1.1-5xY9ukD_EOjA9FnZA2Lu8CBPZLT6Kl6xtsiI.dPo0PdrA5oYcdqXq2gWN2ZklDYS6lbhGu78SBlhB7bLn95RvrmN9JPRJA5sL_lrIZn_lU8D.fv.uJRxWS49IPnDX9cIPTBtRgX7WUDRq4rq.30HkyGDPMck9i0GIlnx0MXPfE1u6mPE8CKsXy3wMURkldvgp_ngCUBbv8WjkWitmUrKxlbl3zYn_QdClw9rzfJAaAFwkQ.rOV1FAklIAYJdikdLChCdPq2f8_LWikFGFPOqRXaP9d9TaZgOFRFfq7v2uQTghzmrWZgc_RtWPfSB.y6_w.wqabHfja8koKjqabcj3J8YOxpmaE1jOUB322x.yVdB5RR4tyuktC9xSLxjkvz6xA2W3XIWpRSbSbedgrMxU.ijCuHGeR9MYronku7p6SGipqYlj9MRLErIp5jJmgVHu3pd6TyT112YWrwibpWCBHr8Z5C5a6Z11GvsWK0C..J4g13hQHQa3SoexZyDRd4_V9mJ9Hx8MUlZ87M_PfEGe8MhAideM5m8jSdNz_GQoCb2gb0GVuCYCHF.Ek2MVGd1cXfZ1JoKbnmrc4kfgmVPwIwYrtgYvUoK1XRG.p2S7LKSNfH6eOmmwqqYvM5rJhH3MUheN7cG7mwjIyw1FYGdkCruQsIBHcmjjkTC9q52cf4n637r7sLBzvP1CM.iYurSXzaOYWbPE4uHUGAbYOTgTo8V8btqgRg67_QS9whVpoMSFKgFJVfx57ax6q1BVUBQrKCZ6fMtiPzH_6DDerQbreLZGey2nIRYX1yws5ciEX5yQeud_f2OIPgEgCn3EWfZj.o2wuV6L3kd5gwXCnb.Vi6hg_kQri8yOx8SnYBWFtIlDEi38Rea7hxrTqv1kiqAbODhjQkCU9H7FjqX8Avu.i2gVzFWgeptAYJqp_VPlrn2FarLVu77DxCIaO8y8Ei6iWIy.jZlM8_p.Uz2vHWpOsfZ4icqqhtkteb7z3yQQVa2yHP1nGKkwqxoUiAn3A20vfVZiz14T8wBuTHVsw4WFjeOgciWcuNPtuIGdCBGCNQvsMZJOj63N_TpH1nOXxjjT8wgD29_XCDvScOMCqch2PU2mBihdT0gYxXGczcTREmYL2PGJLlzaI2L8Y.wgwvtnjc.DWyG9RxowMY0R2YSS1ZrSLa9DFHCvr8NWwDac7pXhvsC0xxjdq1wBjlw_yQROwVzh4FYYGNqaTUS5O_DGkX6WGlQDrloX9XrW6Wuj3rFtaQO8REqDzHjVUTuimXwB7vms4OpfNRgPN9e3QADgGPb_3U6E0PHmKM4w1c5h1DJdCM.LyyWpaaS6aJ9qTLMHeOor40ElQFSLjL.llrxnQVddN4ozGi3sSgaNoHgOugda9mjTQtfK9Gz34rTHPoCUG3diMkCerLsezQhBiMWageuKn4vRrhlzN5QPrT.0NQaVRvo5yiCy3uGR8xNVzMQd.BnYWcp.kciCr6mHzGwxXMOjySszYzf.wpDnmkHbkwt.n_QT.yQ8UqqXCjJFY5jG1qdZkGEXqTzN_aq2LA6KQcGqNanGp7csjEKWzv1T0x61arf.K8Ylx_7hvLvDVph6jln8vwi57H9fnpvm9B4B6QNJ6TFLFuhKnbAspnKv0baV7nggezNv40ZdsP0lbbX_gyH._SweOkw7QgsnfV23ndllkxSxf5Fsk8uMs8.GQE15p1eT8fRKGBp3GjaqFrR5h5TD8IGBmfqPv5B5fJPdWjhhm5kBsG1H_cvcOSBXiSC92tVNfsHp2a2UwwjaPnYnpyQ.lBGeau__OANrsE2i37dIAjEeYMWRPGQjboF8aJQwsOzUD4viWg1_7fyNzSew46z3uBm97jAVy5NFiaxNxj7HOA4CXklCqvbBzCaqXYLgl31fJVTE2A70E_Uiq8nSUzSC8lwWWg3juV55VPQDuJUzmrzdl5a9q16zidiiKyZo4rKCUDrJj4dDHO1IuVL",mdrd: "NdHUHYD7mLn8uX.Ij5SD8N0dFjTvgGwC3NLJNKXWynw-1739787454-1.2.1.1-uA1FPxFMwYeA9.cBejSSsUefZzj5ELjkyqnIcSYYC_wblYnTlDyZLmTbbVVhsjM3l.U6jsp8Mh_i4A_Ck9y33bTGfHHfG.8QT3e93M97mbnRi11ui.uxyMqOI3f6njaKxBrXaYgSxtmPOtmvM6U5IwYqBEPqjeoI0jfm44j84VnPLSrWl6jatWITOJK5snOaF2m1nyUa8Sw4KXj3oaJ5txNQT66KooBicU7l9mxmZXIBKIg_opKxGtAiL4zuXhS9Vz5jmtYi8gh8kuh1shgCZDbPXyGqrHj00Ro1oIQPL12SgS8X3Og75egn7QPvH33vj31n7XzIQF4NugO8KNAGgUXaD68rt19o1651aSJmu_F.kSJAXSvXZBW3eLR1EQtpVSm.A7Y1XXaD0GdrtMx_gRzFlKo6Q89rwx.iDlhrOcq11K5L8WTFbspgTnazN7F9sfMTfMMFAc9bbEjbkUkkzQl5ibyVuqG6M7AlCvMCQGkgk.BPWhcZFvs1JJYTCYqRdcV9DrLXJaavo3rFqXBj9GgLlL1tXcQgeyW9JADYymDo9WOpEPqxZNMWmfvR4LhK8BExeWGsyZZiiH8W1b9weEWzHmRfNblL2VFE2CM.ivoWiyWsRrlceqtGA2nsSaFjWXx6t7aC5SAt9bODWycN03eMJWFizTZRc3vQzFVEYR8Sp53VRAuF9rQ4wJZChonK2HX16GBLVYVsPWsFMnDn5BWOcQ_O42hBvP1xx6xEuogMREIOqE0fAnB1slX4Ht_vFZnaYAPjhJjzncmdTjoWn5cNyNjcUSn0km4fgRoZOf1JEQjw3awz7NUveML8nSZndSs6Pskpa2L4kqpQ1Szw3jgD0RFhYY2uPJF6RLDnSHY4Ux3CMnAMvQQpblmy0Js40o_xKfpBrNNnR7lW6nVpxb3zxicZA2txM2wODfme_9OlFnZV79yVQ_G3asahoQUau2wPom_OqdsxQvN7oFabIL0pvopJ3DVNvMqdavydm6hIu87mKQGhK.hQV81lrAZ4Xlt78lbFKO.vVpCUP9Dzry5eBG9rfOYpEUrpujxU0.vYVm1_NkP7rwjYFuzG4i6kTPlChovRpiw2KozPsJZ.vbizxzMFzSDaEqmaRagLn0RdenxHLubqcdhYLBofZGiARf9nO9RMQrvHWFNjHZqofR0FC95sh38xTpcsb92.594UoaEQe_Mims75Q_r29Cp6kqpHSHXMMoRV7tD3diORh885wTC.3KW6eSkLbnXurKPT3l.FIIeXDmS5.P1Yx5DNJGZL5WH0oV0IpjEO.sblrftmdneILxAKsAsAAKWlZGDx0QN0Bij_HPLbd_TOVNOYcc.AMzvinVFGQcm3Zi3vR_RaV0v9z3sHn9M5Y6cbxJ0Qqgrk46nK5oQthX6ASeLhFdWLnPJXqNtOYxynKMI1blr7tyjWnf7wEaS_oQ1fuMyr.g3M6NAYoe2r5sp28Nk9PKjy0OR.IfRfHJg710UJUW6j8j4EbuK5dyO6pzJzY.Zsl_QXYVGOByPTdvRqAmRErfPJ2aLBTNInclJyiH_BpXJ5AEBwZPi.I3CvXTLGegiY_RAVQHZf9QPYWxKyicwOiYqi7AtnIChRNzsrvAVCxTgtO1TtGphMcpMXqZeYomRSD6E3l51UsrqREyB2fiHUdcudDkKVXHOoWSmUF7w8iydTISPBfwLx33DdHvq6_Q1fNmiEtRmKJm.utvPQ.rkQuw0kwu_ynbu4d2Z8xlNBkKe47HPgPr7GT3tOaProCi9ZAJ.aSN5_EUK1YhX5nNclom6VkKst.eCNFxNiTPivZr49OE832m5fSbJP9CLK0BcJ9mb9hKHbcG2P8A6qK20FdW7cKCkWfIOp_.BTrLenuvavF2xiHy0YsyX7cCGZBQUbvXNAXFjpwtGs9gisgL6IqIQ.d0dbOfnfkapN3CZOtj8iluNA8DhG_nZGQjkNMfUJROBifZ2p6BqdShu.w2IKU8x5vUhknZyM9hf9A3y5qw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350748e8bf5f77';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=ecological%20engineering&__cf_chl_rt_tk=5RBvJNT1vsfSZ5g4i0zj95bNOjeMoWY_Sq12iYaCBTw-1739787454-1.0.1.1-UaZWQsT8Q3Z7O4LKsI3Fz20cY2FL7fkjk8HOKNmXQws" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>