CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134069b5adc4c83',cH: '.8D_EI_PsHpfGkTEtXMraBHc4TwKaPsOVKA_u.l4sVQ-1739776941-1.2.1.1-gUPXheP9BBt6S0U_NUo56Fs.Dd2sO3Ylg3_0CL5Pg3CLp_dXOVdbpE7V3aHMPWxs',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=patterns&page=10&__cf_chl_tk=MRDgMxQZxc49F1CzR6ah3t3LyJ7ljnRWc4THFuWPVyg-1739776941-1.0.1.1-XZ0oJk2AIaPYD4Q9jWPz4WuObOsl8DAHbZdGh.jAnfo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776941',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=patterns&page=10&__cf_chl_f_tk=MRDgMxQZxc49F1CzR6ah3t3LyJ7ljnRWc4THFuWPVyg-1739776941-1.0.1.1-XZ0oJk2AIaPYD4Q9jWPz4WuObOsl8DAHbZdGh.jAnfo",md: "hmNeE2FXJK5JsVFN0MiJ6XDeV47q.8peYnVJPlpSjIQ-1739776941-1.2.1.1-GiH_D2_AmBi2F_Qu4zrTpI269AvEiWGgs6EMLz_sPpNofeN2pcJ2XPw2H1N5YW_6JlMrDHz1TI9p5QWiirN8w5AwwQvo7hT_RE1Ij5yBOoDdFTxEP0QKP9w57HKyRjdifmrTjuO2c_.lhzlPX9lHzD7xiyqBl8t.OVwpbTDCr6oKfvY0ra.IXB2cBR0LpIAAseowZo_u1EVOTpPChf583zf5w3J3yyusreX3oQ.TojnBsr.mInWBVyIhXX1C3P.el3nAWNHTLD28UAnqGfd20gWAx7WBJ47ywyoZw46NZ71EefxMmNS_DaZyCRFaXk5X0B_m0oJKT2kT7ox2hYsNrF0g_h8Uj3IhMr5jB.BCKDPB1jXb9v1EH11uknIZteXe7k56Wt6KIirVXJEyh8acaswQC97DFH5denXzJPfhdN5WAu5xRSKzBQw_.8ob.dNK.31PyDHnDrCgkP0li7nnAXh7u4w42FjLB4yI3F18NwauFKipK.dzUQf5hwiJpDHr1qVkhg.mDCBDfrTSMdapFJMMZWwmfBW5xHaB7K5j97nGyegHgbvB2ETdjX.wj3PGdc.nFDTLhtNQwOZnEhvTGn_Tf2ZFh47fsdqWfOGotfHUkZgmL2WfrPkyUeKXVHobosEJzcknmAJN0Q4YVQmmQRJPmqgt_9W4xw5IclYRkoAOeKOeoloNRTldGODHcvE.tJ1XovDQZ_nv2SVgqIgcEvAofyifzSWb2YABVRxmQTkU.o2KNJQI3ZOd0psuU95gzF8O8zpaVuOTTn_EHnPSsUOE4dDDXwkng6tLnA8P5H2w0898xqodL6YcaakjxTfws8Pouitglj_HBBuB6uJeOYDT2jNf7TSIaxa0UagP54iwIR_03wLoz.S4iCMQyICtQgGzqHJau7ups5oox21YxqbtYCpgu3nH63Eb.Un2ck7ocLD6yqiJ4m5u7mxpYtwxEgEqdIXoOGaMJUsnDQkScfBq7NNFzitRclcws2GLyxvFjOVvjbZlDLHa.DChlHDOKRpEbQq8b0STxR.0xoFm8Ni.NJaIMkZzg83FxS.nJx1wY6KlDcYMiwn3i21O6AdYTF7y.OD5T9OFtkikhNkZmpOZZSqLiA9LTVD7d1Ew7BquyuTocNIjPKTZXCpy4sgnvjdYef6VkjXJr9fJKxHNXgddRVdDkT0MHSmH0tjF3oxWzghVt4W1B1ULK9vg8Euwt3PFNQN_VyOYNBr7UZUQWJIwscPlnXUobDTWsXVF85akQAKks6raryqJTCHrLa1TII137RUvK8VVv9dZXk56TbwSupMifX4dAEcFtFBAkJ2Wm6yGE66kbIp5znKeUbNrMXp_O11p3nwdcu.hFkVZ94C1AI0cpUtV5kaDFi6wVmMtkDjOoN6JDeCa8eeRaY.oA4Jpw3vA4F4637hKyXJUX_W5gdBUGaWN.BIkZxWfFagoyDNGcgzegDBQU5AFh93dVS3Ehkpuh9tGFfODnfV6OSaOO01y739Qdz3jfyiTwqfGNlXxhEiNmeaeBKTh0ZnWsI7L.RkMQJpe68Yk.2YbDHEWEKzx1qSnhhf_RJF26hF9I4Nr4bfz5OkGsi1sftSFRceCYb8xAU15hmkclFVS2e18OxaqPWd8muyPj31SiFKXC3nJr7nGzSvNnyirsrLvdur42DKnvFW7Z1jAN1bSD6U6.YtszpjDrFN13fDmbHFWsB_4r0mlATijYsc83EJqZJo8BQ8uLBwHvu85sysCdONFC_FP_.6tuYQpyF1C9gwnCC1XN40nuvTV9QgyiGHGd.mHSSmKE88bQRIfLBfbmQ4cg8E69UMUCyQuu5tqrrSneVL1g.vgfBQcHX2cCG0ru58CdM8xqNGe1R0GIaYGbdRUwaxs7lqKbgItmrXCx5GH5SO_60BSZop1MDb3YLDvCRWI0a.G.Hp8fsBMP4utAA",mdrd: "b91.QdtVsjVIS63imq.25uXd2tnE7OkxTvujDMegAhk-1739776941-1.2.1.1-LqhuwmYcj5xU4cEx6Zx7dLNJ7IY6RdUeelJ0eSxbJhfAMEQlkSXCMBbQvDJHnA4yCgbkyX6pHX2VV3Q_QmOMKWh2F97RLqnfpsrZFt2aDYZfEou8o47b0oSrl_5snWJLS8iSc68Er47F7JpxJlRlzL6o6IcUokY_oUzg_Wu.bmXiQ2fHrFhxqhiU.YpAEOQFqJC7OwCcnCXyEsG098txk8zZhptxE6.9VktbMpSizLxNUmId2mHyIAdCHoYse0RFCZSD8Q3K23XplDB3pomPCGXRCCTl4HtJlxpDJHRghj3H0LIMTk6mJAZoPqdT2xNwnIvtvzfOFZ6uyfjOyeN44q9LVaby8DClNTEfLBfjSZO8in5tkz5MRfCpwdLq5DGcNiysk8ddXoYqI4lh7EfK04I4Q4vZAP.4yiqlj0VBluiPBbK.xlXXzAwn.GQl.Ef0UzjT1KgIRht1n.GsmTVkn4odItYk4BsLSbYpu6iqUtHDVt9p6jPcF2y3FBXxW5DBdcvriLImjMRzFooRfJLJflWZS5Fqe4TU_Z1sG5bxAM_h3fv8rn2hi.GW4_SbifD6a_CW8mRQQPZS8pyoBH1IsGde5Nr2yTF.pR3YROmcmSX8fcuEwSJgFzCQfb6ZbBekjJ27iAnL78V4I9eK.Zh9MqGnbh2IjKexNFG76RmxCs8z9_2y12.tM8JWNZkGH9JfRCjpJYQPyi1YwC1OoePJeSqE6nalhKNPfUxhYh3pFkcUZi0IaAhdqkgZwRvQp4ryZNB_3RbSJGwPFQYKJqeyYS11nAZfMlHhWNBK.oCVuPZQhvi8SU1S8hRU_3A07cgBEEBgqRbuG0oMRAgd1qdkNQAM9sYftJKyjFMkXVSNj98EOAgVPofb9zVOeTt.K.gHTCqhQN6HL4HgteJd_OF.2kRYyqCQ1cjNa.i30FOuE4kuR5V1GxGDVeO0tuYH_.OHTyrkT4NzID4VzPJCQ3EU9O9V6rpxd150CPHElgVq8CQUPRMqQftwfqK.EDb89DgTiMZNCIA4E2XWVFbNqFzXfLKiE9RZuUfqTKbBRMblNNKm8_VWrEPCJ5u43w7yvTQU2qqNgzT2q6jf4H3dBlxtw1T75iYHaAkPhwcJK0Jt5f8TPn2WC6Xrk8TwWCfTMFT9fiJ7dGiLi44_TRmnb5N57ylQ2q0jb2zCJrT6opg_tLUzeeS3_khFaGb5ZsS7mlqBLr.5Mw36gI83zxEfAJre5dP0DxjD5tEBnnhNvSxkdcT9jZXZOPfOTKFFL2cOehduoVYtMHu0UY33GQY5SK5_xSWphwI0WqQqXtTJOc2fvh.nJZpW8G5epTRqN0o6St8b2ewneTL3FpZD5IRPRSicboNMePFdrzcWf0Ju7lENSHYVceevy8p7PNP5JGd0SA.kfwoWA51CJ4cOnVcwA4Oscz5eljzOmaUgchXMc15Aok_GvLNRfm3uTMOCfV5q3Ly59mP1uysfDThaRX_1Cb7uajjcy7V3m3D1bhwF6LvUCUskzGrmOUoOY6K4lQrLuh_TSPCHIPys3a3H_7ZFLPdHRHyg_IuiOUCFy.KHURhUws5rLcVrHGqlUbKptXWMA6I.YgZN4ItkLxX03vfYCW6Z78NDIfYtdJL04Q6rUoaZARgO74QAifPLnE5IwRlYm0o48GMm_Tu3T.C1SfFJ3x6GR1W2fSUXHlo0j1dlvsGtCiGFuOuhryQrT4xiKEFXxY65MwVTVTzqznbkjFNU7sU8hTEkKgJIqdj473lc9Om3lg5HU3zf_wh6boIxDBgMmDt1mEG4rpQ9x16ounoMzuCXDA18QsyPCLRW70bSvD9IvqE8mtfLo2hb06M5BVxQbpfJZPQqvfaXfYCSPRGs.b6axpQY0jpSsZhj8K638rsuakrZpMeRDmwZIyvnLR.yaK.pHAZ4GOobA8lpxv7Sy8hGYq6yU6lS3a5iojt7q_M1sV_2YiLypvkigottGPWsq_ze"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134069b5adc4c83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=patterns&page=10&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MRDgMxQZxc49F1CzR6ah3t3LyJ7ljnRWc4THFuWPVyg-1739776941-1.0.1.1-XZ0oJk2AIaPYD4Q9jWPz4WuObOsl8DAHbZdGh.jAnfo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>