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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BMW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BMW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>BMW</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BMW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ford,_Aston_Martin,_and_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ford,_Aston_Martin,_and_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Ford, Aston Martin, and others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ford,_Aston_Martin,_and_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Independent companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisker_Coachbuild" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisker_Coachbuild"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Fisker Coachbuild</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisker_Coachbuild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisker_Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisker_Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Fisker Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisker_Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HF_Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HF_Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>HF Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HF_Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VLF_Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VLF_Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>VLF Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VLF_Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisker_Inc." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisker_Inc."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Fisker Inc.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisker_Inc.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tesla_Motors_v._Fisker_Coachbuild_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tesla_Motors_v._Fisker_Coachbuild_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tesla Motors v. Fisker Coachbuild (2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tesla_Motors_v._Fisker_Coachbuild_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisker_Automotive_congressional_hearing_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisker_Automotive_congressional_hearing_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fisker Automotive congressional hearing (2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisker_Automotive_congressional_hearing_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisker_v._Aston_Martin_(2015–16)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisker_v._Aston_Martin_(2015–16)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fisker v. Aston Martin (2015–16)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisker_v._Aston_Martin_(2015–16)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henrik Fisker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker_(designer)" title="Henrik Fisker (designer) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henrik Fisker (designer)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="هنریک فیسکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنریک فیسکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1" title="هنريك فيسكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنريك فيسكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ヘンリック・フィスカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンリック・フィスカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Fisker" title="Henrik Fisker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henrik Fisker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q438667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the admiral from the 1700s, see <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Fisker_(admiral)" title="Henrik Fisker (admiral)">Henrik Fisker (admiral)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Henrik Fisker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg/250px-Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg/330px-Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg/500px-Henrik_Fisker_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1109" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fisker in 2016</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1963-08-10</span>) </span>10 August 1963<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 61)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Aller%C3%B8d_Municipality" title="Allerød Municipality">Allerød</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Danish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ArtCenter_College_of_Design" title="ArtCenter College of Design">ArtCenter College of Design</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Car designer and businessman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1989–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Luxury car design</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Patricia Fisker</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1989⁠–⁠2011)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Geeta Gupta </div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2012)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henrik Fisker</b> (born 10 August 1963)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> automotive designer and entrepreneur based in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, US. He is best known as the founder of <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc</a>, and as a designer of luxury cars. After working at BMW, Ford, and Aston Martin, Fisker founded Fisker Automotive in 2007. The company failed to meet production deadlines despite significant federal and private investment. Fisker resigned in 2013. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described the company as the "<a href="/wiki/Solyndra" title="Solyndra">Solyndra</a> of the electric car industry" and a "debacle".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is currently the CEO of Fisker Inc., which he co-founded with his wife in 2016; the company filed for bankruptcy in 2024. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisker was born in <a href="/wiki/Aller%C3%B8d_Municipality" title="Allerød Municipality">Allerød</a>, Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young boy he became interested in cars after seeing a <a href="/wiki/Maserati_Bora" title="Maserati Bora">Maserati Bora</a> on the highway, and soon started sketching designs in notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-jmuller_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuller-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with a degree in transportation design from the <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vevey,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vevey, Switzerland">Vevey, Switzerland</a>, in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jmuller_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuller-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-automotive032116_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automotive032116-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BMW">BMW</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: BMW"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-BMW_Z8_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3605" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z8" title="BMW Z8">BMW Z8</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989, Fisker began working at <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW Technik</a>, the company's advanced design studio in Munich. His first project he collaborated was <a href="/wiki/BMW_E1" title="BMW E1">the E1 electric concept car</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-jphillips_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jphillips-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed by Mark Clarke.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1992 to 1997, he refined the Z07 concept car, which would become the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z8" title="BMW Z8">BMW Z8</a> roadster, produced from 1999 to 2003. The car combined design elements from the company's past with a modern look, paying homage to the <a href="/wiki/BMW_507" title="BMW 507">BMW 507</a> (produced from 1956 to 1959).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Fisker also worked on the design of BMW's first <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a>, a mid-size luxury <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover</a> introduced in 1999, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5" title="BMW X5">X5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1999 to 2001, Fisker was the president and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a>, a BMW industrial design studio headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fwarner_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fwarner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ford,_Aston_Martin,_and_others"><span id="Ford.2C_Aston_Martin.2C_and_others"></span>Ford, Aston Martin, and others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ford, Aston Martin, and others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_(15)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%2815%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2858" data-file-height="1217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Martin V8 Vantage (2005)">Aston Martin V8 Vantage</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fisker left BMW for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> in 2001, where he served as design director at <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a>. He was in charge of the production design of the <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB9" title="Aston Martin DB9">Aston Martin DB9</a> (in production from 2004 to 2016), bringing in elements from the history of Aston Martin cars. The DB9 was available as both a coupe and a convertible. Fisker also designed the <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_V8_Vantage_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Martin V8 Vantage (2005)">Aston Martin V8 Vantage</a> (in production from 2005 to 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jphillips_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jphillips-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ragstoriches_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ragstoriches-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named the coolest car of the year and the best sounding car of the year by <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(magazine)" title="Top Gear (magazine)">Top Gear</a></i> in 2005. The Vantage is the best selling Aston Martin of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-ragstoriches_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ragstoriches-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extent of Fisker's involvement in designing both the DB9 and V8 Vantage has been disputed, however, with former director of design at Aston Martin <a href="/wiki/Ian_Callum" title="Ian Callum">Ian Callum</a> saying the two cars were largely designed under his watch before Fisker joined the company.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From September 2001 to August 2003, Fisker was creative director of Ingeni, Ford's London-based design and creativity center. In August 2003, he became the director of Ford's Global Advanced Design Studio in <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Shelby_GR-1" title="Ford Shelby GR-1">Ford Shelby GR-1</a> was designed.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, Fisker left Aston Martin and the Ford Motor Company.<sup id="cite_ref-jgarrett091105_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jgarrett091105-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Motors">Tesla Motors</a> hired Fisker to perform initial design work on the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S</a> electric sedan,<sup id="cite_ref-ccmiller_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccmiller-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was introduced in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, he also designed the body of the <a href="/wiki/Artega_GT" title="Artega GT">Artega GT</a> two-door sports car, <a href="/wiki/Artega_Automobile" title="Artega Automobile">Artega Automobile</a>'s first model, which was produced between 2009 and 2012. It spawned the 2011 Artega SE, an electric sports car with an identical body.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_companies">Independent companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independent companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisker_Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fisker Coachbuild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Fisker partnered with Bernhard Koehler to start a custom car firm, <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jgarrett091105_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jgarrett091105-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's first car was the Fisker Tramonto, a roadster based on the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_SL-Class_(R230)" title="Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (R230)">Mercedes-Benz SL 55 AMG</a>. The company's second car was the Fisker Latigo CS, with a re-bodied <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E63)#645Ci" title="BMW 6 Series (E63)">BMW 645Ci</a> coupe. 17 units of Tramonto were ever built in collaboration with coachbuilder <a href="/wiki/Stola_(automotive_company)" title="Stola (automotive company)">Stola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Stola_Fisker_Tramonto_at_the_2006_Paris_Auto_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Fisker Tramonto at the 2006 Paris Motor Show"><img alt="A Fisker Tramonto at the 2006 Paris Motor Show" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Stola_Fisker_Tramonto_at_the_2006_Paris_Auto_Show.jpg/120px-The_Stola_Fisker_Tramonto_at_the_2006_Paris_Auto_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Stola_Fisker_Tramonto_at_the_2006_Paris_Auto_Show.jpg/250px-The_Stola_Fisker_Tramonto_at_the_2006_Paris_Auto_Show.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A Fisker Tramonto at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Motor_Show" title="Paris Motor Show">Paris Motor Show</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fisker_Latigo_C6_rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Fisker Latigo C6 at the 2006 Orange County Auto Show"><img alt="A Fisker Latigo C6 at the 2006 Orange County Auto Show" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Fisker_Latigo_C6_rear.jpg/120px-Fisker_Latigo_C6_rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Fisker_Latigo_C6_rear.jpg/250px-Fisker_Latigo_C6_rear.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A Fisker Latigo C6 at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Auto_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange County Auto Show">Orange County Auto Show</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisker_Automotive">Fisker Automotive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fisker Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg/220px-2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg/330px-2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg/440px-2012_Fisker_Karma_EC_EVer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>A 2012 Fisker Karma</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2007, Fisker and Quantum Technologies launched <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first car to be designed by Fisker Automotive was the <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Karma" title="Fisker Karma">Fisker Karma</a>, a hybrid sports sedan.<sup id="cite_ref-bberman_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bberman-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes011309_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes011309-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Karma was the only car by Fisker to ever be produced.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Fisker displayed the company's second model, the Karma Sunset, a two-door retractable-hardtop convertible based on the regular Karma.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Surf" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Surf">Fisker Surf</a>, displayed in 2011, was designed as a four-door plug-in hybrid hatchback.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither the Sunset or the Surf entered production.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Fisker raised over $90 million from investors including venture capital firm <a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Perkins_Caufield_%26_Byers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers">Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers</a> and actor <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes011309_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes011309-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kfehrenbacher_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kfehrenbacher-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the company raised over $1 billion from private investors.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2009, Fisker Automotive was awarded a $528 million loan guarantee by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (DOE).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The automaker was one of four recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Vehicles_Manufacturing_Loan_Program" title="Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program">Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program</a>, to encourage the domestic manufacture of electric cars. The funds were to be used to develop the Karma, as well as an affordable family-size plug-in hybrid car.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loan facility was frozen at $192 million in February 2012, after the DOE claimed that Fisker missed its milestones.<sup id="cite_ref-kfehrenbacher_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kfehrenbacher-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the DOE, the government recouped a total of approximately $53 million ($28 million from the company plus $25 million from the sale of the loan to Hybrid Technology, months before assets of Fisker Automotive were sold to <a href="/wiki/Wanxiang" title="Wanxiang">Wanxiang</a> for $149.2 million).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times</i> described the company as the "<a href="/wiki/Solyndra" title="Solyndra">Solyndra</a> of the electric car industry" and a "debacle".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fisker resigned as chairman from Fisker Automotive in March 2013, after the company failed to meet a series of production deadlines.<sup id="cite_ref-bberman_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bberman-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, the company declared voluntary bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assets of Fisker Automotive were sold at a bankruptcy auction in 2014 to Chinese automotive parts firm <a href="/wiki/Wanxiang_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanxiang Group">Wanxiang</a> for $149.2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-kkorosec_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kkorosec-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2015, Fisker Automotive was renamed <a href="/wiki/Karma_Automotive" title="Karma Automotive">Karma Automotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jirwin_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jirwin-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fisker Karma was renamed the Karma Revero in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-mramsey_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mramsey-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisker is not affiliated with Karma Automotive or its parent company Wanxiang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HF_Design">HF Design</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: HF Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Fisker formed HF Design & Technology, a Los Angeles-based design house.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, Fisker designed the <a href="/wiki/Mustang_Rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustang Rocket">Galpin-Fisker Mustang Rocket</a>, a coachbuilt custom-bodied Mustang.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car was a collaboration between HF Design and <a href="/wiki/Galpin_Auto_Sports" title="Galpin Auto Sports">Galpin Auto Sports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, it was renamed the VLF Rocket V8.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VLF_Automotive">VLF Automotive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: VLF Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></div> <p>In January 2016, Fisker formed <a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a> with manufacturer and former <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> executive Gilbert Villarreal, and auto engineer and former <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> executive <a href="/wiki/Bob_Lutz_(businessman)" title="Bob Lutz (businessman)">Bob Lutz</a>, to manufacture small-run handcrafted luxury cars.<sup id="cite_ref-helliott010816_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helliott010816-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based in <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills, Michigan</a>, VLF is the successor to VL Automotive, which was launched in 2013 and led by Villarreal and Lutz.<sup id="cite_ref-jirwin_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jirwin-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VLF designed the <a href="/wiki/Force_1_V10" class="mw-redirect" title="Force 1 V10">Force 1 V10</a> car in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-nmafi_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmafi-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbomey_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbomey-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production began at VLF's Auburn Hills manufacturing facility in August 2016, with approximately 50 of the two-seaters scheduled to be manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-helliott010816_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helliott010816-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nmafi_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmafi-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mmartinez_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmartinez-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only five cars were actually produced.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisker_Inc.">Fisker Inc.</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fisker Inc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a></div> <p>In 2016, Fisker launched <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-peisensteinnbc_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peisensteinnbc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-helliott100316_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helliott100316-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's only vehicle is the <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Ocean" title="Fisker Ocean">Fisker Ocean</a>, which began production in 2022. The first deliveries of the launch edition, the Ocean One, occurred in May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-EUDelivery_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUDelivery-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the Ocean had 63,000 preorders.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 10,000 were built, with fewer than half delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 July 2020, Fisker announced the completion of a US$50 million Series C financing round funded by Moore Strategic Ventures, the private investment arm of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bacon" title="Louis Bacon">Louis Bacon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 July 2020, Fisker announced that Fisker Inc. would offer an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> through a merger with <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">special-purpose acquisition company</a> Spartan Energy Acquisition Corp., which is backed by private equity firm <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management" title="Apollo Global Management">Apollo Global Management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 October 2020, Fisker Inc. officially closed its merger with Spartan Energy Acquisition Corp. The company is publicly listed and traded on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> under the ticker (NYSE:FSR).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 June 2021, Fisker stock was added to the <a href="/wiki/Russell_3000_Index" title="Russell 3000 Index">Russell 3000 Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 June 2024, Fisker Inc. filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11 bankruptcy">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a> protection in Delaware, listing liabilities at between $100 million to $500 million and assets between $500 million and $1 billion. The company stated that possible deal talks with a big automaker collapsed, which led it to its bankruptcy. Fisker claims that it is planning to repay its creditors during the bankruptcy proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tesla_Motors_v._Fisker_Coachbuild_(2008)"><span id="Tesla_Motors_v._Fisker_Coachbuild_.282008.29"></span>Tesla Motors v. Fisker Coachbuild (2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tesla Motors v. Fisker Coachbuild (2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 April 2008, <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Motors">Tesla Motors</a> filed a lawsuit against Fisker Coachbuild, Fisker and Koehler, contending that they had fraudulently agreed to a design contract in 2007 only to gain access to confidential information, before announcing a competing vehicle, the Fisker Karma. Both the Tesla and Fisker vehicles in question were designed as serial hybrid cars, with a gas engine powering a generator that charges a battery to power the electric motor, and both were initially planned for delivery in 2010. The lawsuit sought to prevent Fisker from using Tesla design documents, along with a return of the money from the Tesla contract, plus punitive damages.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisker filed for arbitration in May 2008. An arbitrator ruled in their favour in November 2008, finding "overwhelming" evidence showing that Fisker did not do anything wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-ccmiller_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccmiller-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Tesla was ordered to pay US$1.14 million in legal fees and costs to Fisker.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisker_Automotive_congressional_hearing_(2013)"><span id="Fisker_Automotive_congressional_hearing_.282013.29"></span>Fisker Automotive congressional hearing (2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fisker Automotive congressional hearing (2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his resignation from Fisker Automotive in March 2013, Fisker voluntarily testified on 24 April 2013, at a congressional hearing led by the <a href="/wiki/House_Oversight_and_Government_Reform_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Oversight and Government Reform Committee">House Oversight and Government Reform Committee</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>'s $192 million disbursement to Fisker Automotive through the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Vehicles_Manufacturing_Loan_Program" title="Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program">Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisker Automotive had failed earlier that week to meet the deadline for repayment on the loan, which was originally approved as a $529 million loan guarantee.<sup id="cite_ref-bplumer_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bplumer-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisker_v._Aston_Martin_(2015–16)"><span id="Fisker_v._Aston_Martin_.282015.E2.80.9316.29"></span>Fisker v. Aston Martin (2015–16)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fisker v. Aston Martin (2015–16)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 January 2016, Fisker filed a suit against <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> and three of its executives for US$100 million in damages for civil extortion, claiming that his former employer was trying to prevent him from unveiling his new luxury sports car hybrid, the <a href="/wiki/VLF_Force_1_V10" class="mw-redirect" title="VLF Force 1 V10">VLF Force 1 V10</a>, at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. The complaint claimed that after Fisker released a single pen-on-paper sketch of the Force 1 in December 2015, he received a letter from Aston Martin claiming the design was too similar to their <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB10" title="Aston Martin DB10">DB10</a> and demanding that he either change the design or not display the car at the auto show. Aston Martin had previously sued Fisker in 2015 over his car design for the Thunderbolt. That case was settled after Fisker agreed not to move forward with the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-ychernova_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ychernova-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the January 2016 auto show debut of the Force 1, it was clear that the vehicle was not similar to the DB10. Aston Martin subsequently stopped threatening to interfere with the development of the Force 1, and the matter was resolved in April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-nmafi_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmafi-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbomey_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbomey-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisker is married to Geeta Gupta-Fisker, who is the co-founder and CFO of <a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henrik_Fisker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henrik Fisker">Henrik Fisker</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYeomans2023" class="citation news cs1">Yeomans, Jon (26 March 2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/henrik-fisker-i-left-aston-martin-for-my-electric-suv-dream-5vk7kzt7x">"Henrik Fisker: 'I left Aston Martin for my electric SUV dream'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Sunday Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230326001942/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/henrik-fisker-i-left-aston-martin-for-my-electric-suv-dream-5vk7kzt7x">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Henrik+Fisker%3A+%27I+left+Aston+Martin+for+my+electric+SUV+dream%27&rft.date=2023-03-26&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhenrik-fisker-i-left-aston-martin-for-my-electric-suv-dream-5vk7kzt7x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVlasic2013" class="citation news cs1">Vlasic, Bill (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/business/fisker-broke-down-on-the-road-to-electric-cars.html">"Breaking Down on the Road to Electric Cars"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Breaking+Down+on+the+Road+to+Electric+Cars&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Vlasic&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F24%2Fbusiness%2Ffisker-broke-down-on-the-road-to-electric-cars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csquatriglia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csquatriglia_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSquatriglia" class="citation magazine cs1">Squatriglia, Chuck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/07/henrik-fisker-design-gallery/">"Henrik Fisker's 'Timeless' Automotive Designs"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nasdaq<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Fisker+Jumped+9%25+on+Wednesday&rft.pub=Nasdaq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Farticles%2Fwhy-fisker-jumped-9-on-wednesday-2021-06-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bankruptcy-law/fisker-group-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-in-delaware">"Fisker Group Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in Delaware"</a>. <i>Bloomberg Law</i>. 17 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Law&rft.atitle=Fisker+Group+Files+for+Chapter+11+Bankruptcy+in+Delaware&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Fbankruptcy-law%2Ffisker-group-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-in-delaware&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-18/troubled-electric-vehicle-maker-fisker-files-for-bankruptcy">"Troubled Electric Vehicle Maker Fisker Files for Bankruptcy"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 18 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Troubled+Electric+Vehicle+Maker+Fisker+Files+for+Bankruptcy&rft.date=2024-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-06-18%2Ftroubled-electric-vehicle-maker-fisker-files-for-bankruptcy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Markoff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/technology/15tesla.html?_r=0">"Tesla Motors Files Suit Against Competitor Over Design Ideas,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, 15 April 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin LaMonica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/tesla-motors-loses-trade-secrets-case-against-fisker/">"Tesla Motors loses trade secrets case against Fisker,"</a> <a href="/wiki/CNet" class="mw-redirect" title="CNet">CNet</a>, 4 November 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John O’Dell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edmunds.com/autoobserver-archive/2008/12/tesla-ordered-to-pay-fisker-114-million-after-losing-trade-secrets-case.html">"Tesla Ordered To Pay Fisker $1.14 Million After Losing Trade Secrets Case,"</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmunds.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmunds.com">Edmunds.com</a>, 4 December 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/FISKER-Testimony.pdf">"Testimony of Henrik Fisker,"</a> oversight.house.gov, 24 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bplumer-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bplumer_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brad Plumer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/04/24/what-fisker-autos-failure-tells-us-about-obamas-clean-energy-programs/">"What Fisker's failure tells us about Obama's clean-energy programs,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>, 24 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meg Handley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/04/25/house-republicans-slam-government-bet-on-fisker-automotive">"House Republicans Slam Government 'Bet' on Fisker Automotive,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>, 25 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ychernova-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ychernova_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuliya Chernova, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/henrik-fisker-sues-aston-martin-for-100-million-in-damages-1451942419/">"Henrik Fisker Sues Aston Martin for $100 Million in Damages,"</a> <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, 4 January 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Fierman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.co.id/henrik-fisker-sues-aston-martin-2016-1/#c3iXAFjW2KPFFHOl.97">"Legendary car designer Henrik Fisker just filed a $100 million lawsuit against Aston Martin,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>, 6 January 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516204915/https://www.welum.com/article/revolutionizing-the-automotive-industry/">"Revolutionizing the Automotive Industry"</a>. Welum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welum.com/article/revolutionizing-the-automotive-industry/">the original</a> on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revolutionizing+the+Automotive+Industry&rft.pub=Welum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welum.com%2Farticle%2Frevolutionizing-the-automotive-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thriveglobal-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/thriveglobal.com/stories/i-believe-an-open-culture-promotes-accountability-responsibility-and-honesty-with-dr-geeta-gupta-fisker-and-chaya-weiner/amp/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I believe an open culture promotes accountability, responsibility and honesty". with Dr. Geeta Gupta-Fisker and Chaya Weiner"</a>. <i>Thrive Global</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thrive+Global&rft.atitle=%22I+believe+an+open+culture+promotes+accountability%2C+responsibility+and+honesty%22.+with+Dr.+Geeta+Gupta-Fisker+and+Chaya+Weiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthriveglobal-com.cdn.ampproject.org%2Fc%2Fs%2Fthriveglobal.com%2Fstories%2Fi-believe-an-open-culture-promotes-accountability-responsibility-and-honesty-with-dr-geeta-gupta-fisker-and-chaya-weiner%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2020/12/12/meet-the-fiskers-the-billionaire-power-couple-taking-on-tesla/?sh=25e81b4b7d77">"Meet The Fiskers, The Billionaire Power Couple Taking On Tesla"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Meet+The+Fiskers%2C+The+Billionaire+Power+Couple+Taking+On+Tesla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Falanohnsman%2F2020%2F12%2F12%2Fmeet-the-fiskers-the-billionaire-power-couple-taking-on-tesla%2F%3Fsh%3D25e81b4b7d77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenrik+Fisker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Fisker&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrikfisker.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henrik_Fisker" title="Template:Henrik Fisker"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henrik_Fisker" title="Template talk:Henrik Fisker"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henrik_Fisker" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henrik Fisker"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henrik_Fisker186" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henrik Fisker</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisker brand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Tramonto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Tramonto">Fisker Tramonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Latigo_CS" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Latigo CS">Fisker Latigo CS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Karma" title="Fisker Karma">Fisker Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Surf" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Surf">Fisker Surf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Sunset" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Sunset">Fisker Sunset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Atlantic" title="Fisker Atlantic">Fisker Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Destino" title="VLF Destino">VLF Destino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Force_1" title="VLF Force 1">VLF Force 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VLF_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VLF Rocket (page does not exist)">VLF Rocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc." title="Fisker Inc.">Fisker Inc.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Alaska" title="Fisker Alaska">Fisker Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Ocean" title="Fisker Ocean">Fisker Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Pear" title="Fisker Pear">Fisker Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Ronin" title="Fisker Ronin">Fisker Ronin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td 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