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increasing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: increasing"> <meta name="keywords" content="increasing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="increasing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7588</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: increasing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7588</span> Small Entrepreneurs as Creators of Chaos: Increasing Returns Requires Scaling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Neace">M. B. Neace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20GAo"> Xin GAo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Small entrepreneurs are ubiquitous. Regardless of location their success depends on several behavioral characteristics and several market conditions. In this concept paper, we extend this paradigm to include elements from the science of chaos. Our observations, research findings, literature search and intuition lead us to the proposition that all entrepreneurs seek increasing returns, as did the many small entrepreneurs we have interviewed over the years. There will be a few whose initial perturbations may create tsunami-like waves of increasing returns over time resulting in very large market consequences–the butterfly impact. When small entrepreneurs perturb the market-place and their initial efforts take root a series of phase-space transitions begin to occur. They sustain the stream of increasing returns by scaling up. Chaos theory contributes to our understanding of this phenomenon. Sustaining and nourishing increasing returns of small entrepreneurs as complex adaptive systems requires scaling. In this paper we focus on the most critical element of the small entrepreneur scaling process–the mindset of the owner-operator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneur" title="entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increasing%20returns" title=" increasing returns"> increasing returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaling" title=" scaling"> scaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title=" chaos"> chaos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5166/small-entrepreneurs-as-creators-of-chaos-increasing-returns-requires-scaling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7587</span> Optimizing Skill Development in Golf Putting: An Investigation of Blocked, Random, and Increasing Practice Schedules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20White">John White</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effects of practice schedules on learning and performance in golf putting, specifically focusing on the impact of increasing contextual interference (CI). University students (n=7) were randomly assigned to blocked, random, or increasing practice schedules. During acquisition, participants performed 135 putting trials using different weighted golf balls. The blocked group followed a specific sequence of ball weights, while the random group practiced with the balls in a random order. The increasing group started with a blocked schedule, transitioned to a serial schedule, and concluded with a random schedule. Retention and transfer tests were conducted 24 hours later. The results indicated that high levels of CI (random practice) were more beneficial for learning than low levels of CI (blocked practice). The increasing practice schedule, incorporating blocked, serial, and random practice, demonstrated advantages over traditional blocked and random schedules. Additionally, EEG was used to explore the neurophysiological effects of the increasing practice schedule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skill%20acquisition" title="skill acquisition">skill acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20control" title=" motor control"> motor control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextual%20interference" title=" contextual interference"> contextual interference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172538/optimizing-skill-development-in-golf-putting-an-investigation-of-blocked-random-and-increasing-practice-schedules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7586</span> The Effects of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Sludge Characteristics and Effluent Quality in an Aerobic Suspension Sequencing Batch Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20W.%20N.%20Alattabi">Ali W. N. Alattabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clare%20B.%20Harris"> Clare B. Harris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafid%20M.%20Alkhaddar"> Rafid M. Alkhaddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20Ortoneda"> Montserrat Ortoneda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20A.%20Phipps"> David A. Phipps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alzeyadi"> Ali Alzeyadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20S.%20Hashim"> Khalid S. Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was performed to optimise the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and study its effects on the sludge characteristics and the effluent quality in an aerobic suspension sequencing batch reactor (ASSBR) treating synthetic wastewater. The results showed that increasing the HRT from 6 h to 12 h significantly improved the COD and Nitrate removal efficiency; it was increased from 78.7% - 75.7% to 94.7% – 97% for COD and Nitrate respectively. However, increasing the HRT from 12 h to 18 h reduced the COD and Nitrate removal efficiency from 94.7% - 97% to 91.1% – 94.4% respectively. Moreover, Increasing the HRT from 18 h to 24 h did not affect the COD and Nitrate removal efficiency. Sludge volume index (SVI) was used to monitor the sludge settling performance. The results showed a direct relationship between the HRT and SVI value. Increasing the HRT from 6 h to 12 h led to decrease the SVI value from 123 ml/g to 82.5 ml/g, and then it remained constant despite of increasing the HRT from 12 h to 18 h and to 24 h. The results obtained from this study showed that the HRT of 12 h was better for COD and Nitrate removal and a good settling performance occurred during that range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD" title="COD">COD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20retention%20time" title=" hydraulic retention time"> hydraulic retention time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrate" title=" nitrate"> nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing%20batch%20reactor" title=" sequencing batch reactor"> sequencing batch reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludge%20characteristics" title=" sludge characteristics"> sludge characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49578/the-effects-of-hydraulic-retention-time-on-the-sludge-characteristics-and-effluent-quality-in-an-aerobic-suspension-sequencing-batch-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7585</span> Investigating Fatigue Life in Bolted Flange Connection in Wind Turbine Towers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Salameh">Abdullah Salameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Renno"> Jamil Renno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ali"> Khaled Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates how fatigue life is influenced by increasing the number and size of bolts under several wind speed averages. The study determined that increasing the size or number of bolts can notably improve the fatigue life of bolted flange connections. Additionally, the curves derived from the assessment data demonstrated a steeper slope for a greater number of bolts, indicating that the percentage increase of adding bolts is not consistent for each additional bolt. Instead, the percentage increment rises exponentially when increasing the number of bolts. However, selecting the most suitable design improvement strategy depends on the specific circumstances. In the majority of cases, the study observed that increasing the number of bolts resulted in significant improvements in fatigue life, regardless of the size of the bolts used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20tower" title="wind turbine tower">wind turbine tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flanged%20connection" title=" flanged connection"> flanged connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20bolts" title=" number of bolts"> number of bolts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20of%20bolts" title=" size of bolts"> size of bolts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167960/investigating-fatigue-life-in-bolted-flange-connection-in-wind-turbine-towers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7584</span> Incremental Learning of Independent Topic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Nishigaki">Takahiro Nishigaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsumi%20Nitta"> Katsumi Nitta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Onoda"> Takashi Onoda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a method of applying Independent Topic Analysis (ITA) to increasing the number of document data. The number of document data has been increasing since the spread of the Internet. ITA was presented as one method to analyze the document data. ITA is a method for extracting the independent topics from the document data by using the Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA is a technique in the signal processing; however, it is difficult to apply the ITA to increasing number of document data. Because ITA must use the all document data so temporal and spatial cost is very high. Therefore, we present Incremental ITA which extracts the independent topics from increasing number of document data. Incremental ITA is a method of updating the independent topics when the document data is added after extracted the independent topics from a just previous the data. In addition, Incremental ITA updates the independent topics when the document data is added. And we show the result applied Incremental ITA to benchmark datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title="text mining">text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20extraction" title=" topic extraction"> topic extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent" title=" independent"> independent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental" title=" incremental"> incremental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20component%20analysis" title=" independent component analysis"> independent component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58971/incremental-learning-of-independent-topic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7583</span> The Effect of Wet Cooling Pad Thickness and Geometric Configuration to Enhance Evaporative Cooler Saturation Efficiency: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biruk%20Abate">Biruk Abate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaporative cooling occurs when air with high temperature and reduced humidity passes over a wet porous surface and a higher degree of cooling process is achieved for storage of fruits and vegetables due to greater rate of evaporation. The main objective of this reviewed study is to understand the effect of evaporative surface pad thickness and geometric configuration on the saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler and to state some related factors affecting the performance of the system. From this overview, selection of pad thickness and geometrical shape with suitable characteristics of heat and mass transfer and water holding capacity of the pads was reviewed as these parameters are important for saturation efficiency of evaporative cooling. Increasing the cooling pad thickness through increasing the face velocity increases the effectiveness of wet-bulb saturation. Increasing ambient temperature, inlet air speed and ambient air humidity decreases the wet bulb effectiveness and it increases with increasing length of the pad. Increasing the ambient temperature and inlet air velocity decreases the humidity ratio, but increases with increasing ambient air humidity and lengths of the pad. Increasing the temperature-humidity index is possible with increasing ambient temperature, inlet air velocity, ambient air humidity and pad length. Generally, all materials having a higher wetted surface area per unit volume give higher efficiency. Materials with higher thickness increase the wetted surface area for better mix-up of air and water to give higher efficiency for the same shape and this in turn helps to store fruits and vegetables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Degree%20of%20cooling" title="Degree of cooling">Degree of cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20and%20mass%20transfer" title=" heat and mass transfer"> heat and mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporative%20cooling" title=" evaporative cooling"> evaporative cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20surface" title=" porous surface"> porous surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119789/the-effect-of-wet-cooling-pad-thickness-and-geometric-configuration-to-enhance-evaporative-cooler-saturation-efficiency-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7582</span> Designing of Nano-materials for Waste Heat Conversion into Electrical Energy Thermoelectric generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiqar%20Hussain%20Shah">Wiqar Hussain Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrical and thermal properties of the doped Tellurium Telluride (Tl10Te6) chalcogenide nano-particles are mainly characterized by a competition between metallic (hole doped concentration) and semi-conducting state. We have studied the effects of Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tl10-xSnxTe6 (1.00 ≤x≤ 2.00), nano-particles, prepared by solid state reactions in sealed silica tubes and ball milling method. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Additionally crystal structure data were used to model the data and support the findings. The particles size was calculated from the XRD data by Scherrer’s formula. The EDS was used for an elemental analysis of the sample and declares the percentage of elements present in the system. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. The electrical conductivity was investigated by four probe resistivity techniques revealed that the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature, and also simultaneously with increasing Sn concentration. While for Seebeck coefficient the trend is opposite which is increases with increasing temperature. These increasing behavior of Seebeck coefficient leads to high power factor which are increases with increasing temperature and Sn concentration except For Tl8Sn2Te6 because of lowest electrical conductivity but its power factor increases well with increasing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sn%20doping%20in%20Tellurium%20Telluride%20nano-materials" title="Sn doping in Tellurium Telluride nano-materials">Sn doping in Tellurium Telluride nano-materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20holes%20competition" title=" electron holes competition"> electron holes competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seebeck%20co-efficient" title=" Seebeck co-efficient"> Seebeck co-efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20Sn%20doping%20on%20Electrical%20conductivity" title=" effects of Sn doping on Electrical conductivity"> effects of Sn doping on Electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20on%20Power%20factor" title=" effects on Power factor"> effects on Power factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163685/designing-of-nano-materials-for-waste-heat-conversion-into-electrical-energy-thermoelectric-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7581</span> High Temperature in Caustic Pretreatment of Gold Locked in the Residue after Filtration from Gold Cyanidation Leaching </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Kabemba">K. L. Kabemba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20F.%20Sandenberg"> R. F. Sandenberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usual way to desorb gold is by elution with a hot concentrated alkaline solution of sodium cyanide. The high temperature is necessary because the dielectric constant of water decreases with increasing temperature hence the electrostatic forces between charcoal and the gold cyanide complex decreases. High alkalinity and a high concentration of cyanide are necessary for gold desorption because both OH- and CN- ions are preferentially adsorbed. The rate of elution increases with increasing anion concentration but decreases with increasing cation concentration that means the rate of elution passes through a maximum as the concentration of the eluting salt (NaCN, for example) is increased. The anion that gives the best results, the cyanide ion, decomposes fairly rapidly at elevated temperatures (40% in 6 hours, 90% in 24 hours at 95°C). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caustic" title="caustic">caustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanide" title=" cyanide"> cyanide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38651/high-temperature-in-caustic-pretreatment-of-gold-locked-in-the-residue-after-filtration-from-gold-cyanidation-leaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7580</span> Effect of Climate Change on Runoff in the Upper Mun River Basin, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeyaphorn%20Kosa">Preeyaphorn Kosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanutch%20Sukwimolseree"> Thanutch Sukwimolseree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The climate change is a main parameter which affects the element of hydrological cycle especially runoff. Then, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the climate change on surface runoff using land use map on 2008 and daily weather data during January 1, 1979 to September 30, 2010 for SWAT model. SWAT continuously simulate time model and operates on a daily time step at basin scale. The results present that the effect of temperature change cannot be clearly presented on the change of runoff while the rainfall, relative humidity and evaporation are the parameters for the considering of runoff change. If there are the increasing of rainfall and relative humidity, there is also the increasing of runoff. On the other hand, if there is the increasing of evaporation, there is the decreasing of runoff. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20Mun%20River%20basin" title=" upper Mun River basin"> upper Mun River basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3825/effect-of-climate-change-on-runoff-in-the-upper-mun-river-basin-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7579</span> Turbulent Boundary Layer over 3D Sinusoidal Roughness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misarah%20Abdelaziz">Misarah Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%20Djenidi"> L Djenidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mergen%20H.%20Ghayesh"> Mergen H. Ghayesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rey%20Chin"> Rey Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measurements of a turbulent boundary layer over 3D sinusoidal roughness are performed for friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 650 < Reτ < 2700. This surface was fabricated by a Multicam CNC Router machine of an acrylic sheet to have an amplitude of k/2 = 0.8 mm and an equal wavelength of 8k in both streamwise and spanwise directions, a 0.6 mm stepover and 12 mm ball nose cutter was used. Single hotwire anemometry measurements are done at one location x=1.5 m downstream at different freestream velocities under zero-pressure gradient conditions. As expected, the roughness causes a downward shift on the wall-unit normalised streamwise mean velocity profile when compared to the smooth wall profile. The shift is increasing with increasing Reτ, 1.8 < ∆U+ < 6.2. The coefficient of friction is almost constant at all cases Cf = 0.0042 ± 0.0002. The results show a gradual reduction in the inner peak of profiles with increasing Reτ until fully destruction at Reτ of 2700. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotwire" title="hotwire">hotwire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBL" title=" TBL"> TBL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZPG" title=" ZPG"> ZPG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136923/turbulent-boundary-layer-over-3d-sinusoidal-roughness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7578</span> Exposure to Radio Frequency Waves of Mobile Phone and Temperature Changes of Brain Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Forouharmajd">Farhad Forouharmajd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Ebrahimi"> Hossein Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Pourabdian"> Siamak Pourabdian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Prevalent use of cell phones (mobile phones) has led to increasing worries about the effect of radiofrequency waves on the physiology of human body. This study was done to determine different reactions of the temperatures in different depths of brain tissue in confronting with radiofrequency waves of cell phones. Methodology: This study was an empirical research. A cow's brain tissue was placed in a compartment and the effects of radiofrequency waves of the cell phone was analyzed during confrontation and after confrontation, in three different depths of 2, 12, and 22 mm of the tissue, in 4 mm and 4 cm distances of the tissue to a cell phone, for 15 min. Lutron thermometer was used to measure the tissue temperatures. Data analysis was done by Lutron software. Findings: The rate of increasing the temperature at the depth of 22 mm was higher than 2 mm and 12mm depths, during confrontation of the brain tissue at the distance of 4 mm with the cell phone, such that the tissue temperatures at 2, 12, and 22 mm depths increased by 0.29 ˚C, 0.31 ˚C, and 0.37 ˚C, respectively, relative to the base temperature (tissue temperature before confrontation). Moreover, the temperature of brain tissue at the distance of 4 cm by increasing the tissue depth was more than other depths. Increasing the tissue temperature also existed by increasing the brain tissue depth after the confrontation with the cell phone. The temperature of the 22 mm depth increased with higher speed at the time confrontation. Conclusion: Not only radiofrequency waves of cell phones increased the tissue temperature in all the depths of the brain tissue, but also the temperature due to radiofrequency waves of the cell phone was more at the depths higher than 22 mm of the tissue. In fact, the thermal effect of radiofrequency waves was higher in higher depths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phone" title="mobile phone">mobile phone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency%20waves" title=" radio frequency waves"> radio frequency waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20tissue" title=" brain tissue"> brain tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98613/exposure-to-radio-frequency-waves-of-mobile-phone-and-temperature-changes-of-brain-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7577</span> Knowledge Acquisition as Determinant of Outputs of Innovative Business in Regions of the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Hajek">P. Hajek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Stejskal"> J. Stejskal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyze the ability to identify and acquire knowledge from external sources at the regional level in the Czech Republic. The results show that the most important sources of knowledge for innovative activities are sources within the businesses themselves, followed by customers and suppliers. Furthermore, the analysis of relationships between the objective of the innovative activity and the ability to identify and acquire knowledge implies that knowledge obtained from a) customers aims at replacing outdated products and increasing product quality; b) suppliers aims at increasing capacity and flexibility of production; and c) competing businesses aims at growing market share and increasing the flexibility of production and services. Regions should therefore direct their support especially into development and strengthening of networks within the value chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title=" acquisition"> acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20business" title=" innovative business"> innovative business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Czech%20republic" title=" Czech republic"> Czech republic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=region" title=" region"> region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9244/knowledge-acquisition-as-determinant-of-outputs-of-innovative-business-in-regions-of-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7576</span> Effect of Physicochemical Treatments on the Characteristics of Activated Sludge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammadi%20Larbi">Hammadi Larbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The treatment of wastewater in sewage plants usually results in the formation of a large amount of sludge. These appear at the outlet of the treatment plant as a viscous fluid loaded with a high concentration of dry matter. This sludge production presents environmental, ecological, and economic risks. That is why it is necessary to find many solutions for minimizing these risks. In the present article, the effect of hydrogen peroxide, thermal treatment, and quicklime on the characteristics of the activated sludge produced in urban wastewater plant were evaluated in order to avoid any risk in the plants. The study shows increasing of the dose of H2O2 from 0 to 0.4 g causes an increase in the solubilization rate of COD from 12% to 45% and a reduction in the organic matter content of sludge (VM/SM) from 74% to 36% . The results also show that the optimum efficiency of the heat treatment corresponds to a temperature of 80 ° C for a treatment time of 40 min is 47% and 51.82% for a temperature equal to 100 ° C and 76.30 % for a temperature of 120 ° C, and 79.38% for a temperature of 140 ° C. The treatment of sludge by quicklime gives the optimum efficiency of 70.62 %. It was shown the increasing of the temperature from 80°C to 140°C, the pH of sludge was increased from 7.12 to 9.59. The obtained results showed that with increasing the dose of quicklime from 0 g/l to 1g/l in activated sludge led to an increase of their pH from 7.12 to 12.06. The study shows the increasing the dose of quicklime from 0 g/l to 1g/l causes also an increase in the solubilization of COD from 0% to 70.62 % <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20sludge" title="activated sludge">activated sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20treatment" title=" thermal treatment"> thermal treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quicklime" title=" quicklime"> quicklime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157961/effect-of-physicochemical-treatments-on-the-characteristics-of-activated-sludge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7575</span> The Effect of Global Solar Variations on the Performance of n- AlGaAs/ p-GaAs Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Guechi">A. Guechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chegaar"> M. Chegaar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how AlGaAs/GaAs thin film solar cells perform under varying global solar spectrum due to the changes of environmental parameters such as the air mass and the atmospheric turbidity. The solar irradiance striking the solar cell is simulated using the spectral irradiance model SMARTS2 (Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine) for clear skies on the site of Setif (Algeria). The results show a reduction in the short circuit current due to increasing atmospheric turbidity, it is 63.09% under global radiation. However increasing air mass leads to a reduction in the short circuit current of 81.73%.The efficiency decrease with increasing atmospheric turbidity and air mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlGaAs%2FGaAs" title="AlGaAs/GaAs">AlGaAs/GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20parameters" title=" environmental parameters"> environmental parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20variation" title=" spectral variation"> spectral variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMARTS" title=" SMARTS"> SMARTS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13863/the-effect-of-global-solar-variations-on-the-performance-of-n-algaas-p-gaas-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7574</span> The Role of Mobile Applications on Consumerism Case Study: Snappfood Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vajihe%20Fasihi">Vajihe Fasihi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advancement of technology and the expansion of the Internet, a significant change in lifestyle and consumption can be seen in societies. The increasing number of mobile applications (such as SnappFood) has expanded the scope of using apps for wider access to services to citizens and meets the needs of a large number of citizens in the shortest time and with reasonable quality. First, this article seeks to understand the concept and function of the Internet distribution network on the Iranian society, which was investigated in a smaller sample (students of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Tehran university ) and uses the semi-structured interview method, and then explores the concept of consumerism. The main issue of this research is the effect of mobile apps, especially SnappFood, on increasing consumption and the difference between real needs and false needs among consumers. The findings of this research show that the use of the mentioned program has been effective in increasing the false needs of the sample community and has led to the phenomenon of consumerism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumerism%20economics" title="consumerism economics">consumerism economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20needs" title=" false needs"> false needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20applications" title=" mobile applications"> mobile applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reel%20needs" title=" reel needs"> reel needs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178833/the-role-of-mobile-applications-on-consumerism-case-study-snappfood-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7573</span> Pollution-Sources, Controls, and Impact Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditi%20Acharya">Aditi Acharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental pollution is threatening the environmental and human health in the most drastic way. This paper provides insight about the affects of environmental pollution in the perspective of water pollution. Sewage in drinking water, the increasing contamination of water bodies and water resources and the human beings are the major contributors, increasing the harsh activities of pollution. The research presents information about the sources of pollution, its impacts and control activities to be undertaken to make our environment free from water pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pollution" title="environmental pollution">environmental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27061/pollution-sources-controls-and-impact-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7572</span> Green Prossesing of PS/Nanoparticle Fibers and Studying Morphology and Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kheirandish">M. Kheirandish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Borhani"> S. Borhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this experiment Polystyrene/Zinc-oxide (PS/ZnO) nanocomposite fibers were produced by electrospinning technique using limonene as a green solvent. First, the morphology of electrospun pure polystyrene (PS) and PS/ZnO nanocomposite fibers investigated by SEM. Results showed the PS fiber diameter decreased by increasing concentration of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) results showed thermal stability of nanocomposites increased by increasing ZnO NPs in PS electrospun fibers. Considering Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) thermograms for electrospun PS fibers indicated that introduction of ZnO NPs into fibers affects the glass transition temperature (Tg) by reducing it. Also, UV protection properties of nanocomposite fibers were increased by increasing ZnO concentration. Evaluating the effect of metal oxide NPs amount on mechanical properties of electrospun layer showed that tensile strength and elasticity modulus of the electrospun layer of PS increased by addition of ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of nanopcomposite fibers confirmed the presence of NPs in the samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospininng" title="electrospininng">electrospininng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polystyrene" title=" polystyrene"> polystyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5889/green-prossesing-of-psnanoparticle-fibers-and-studying-morphology-and-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7571</span> Analyses of Reference Evapotranspiration in West of Iran under Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Jahanbakhsh%20Asl">Saeed Jahanbakhsh Asl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaghob%20Dinpazhoh"> Yaghob Dinpazhoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20Foroughi"> Masoumeh Foroughi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) is an important element in the water cycle that integrates atmospheric demands and surface conditions, and analysis of changes in ET₀ is of great significance for understanding climate change and its impacts on hydrology. As ET₀ is an integrated effect of climate variables, increases in air temperature should lead to increases in ET₀. ET₀ estimated by using the globally accepted Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 PM) method in 18 meteorological stations located in the West of Iran. The trends of ET₀ detected by using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. The slopes of the trend lines were computed by using the Sen’s slope estimator. The results showed significant increasing as well as decreasing trends in the annual and monthly ET₀. However, ET₀ trends were increasing. In the monthly scale, the number of the increasing trends was more than the number of decreasing trends, in the majority of warm months of the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann%E2%80%93Kendall" title=" Mann–Kendall"> Mann–Kendall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penman-Monteith%20method%20%28FAO-56%20PM%29" title=" Penman-Monteith method (FAO-56 PM)"> Penman-Monteith method (FAO-56 PM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20crop%20evapotranspiration" title=" reference crop evapotranspiration"> reference crop evapotranspiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83009/analyses-of-reference-evapotranspiration-in-west-of-iran-under-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7570</span> Study on the Effects of Grassroots Characteristics on Reinforced Soil Performance by Direct Shear Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanbo%20Cheng">Zhanbo Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueyu%20Geng"> Xueyu Geng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetation slope protection technique is economic, aesthetic and practical. Herbs are widely used in practice because of rapid growth, strong erosion resistance, obvious slope protection and simple method, in which the root system of grass plays a very important role. In this paper, through changing the variables value of grassroots quantity, grassroots diameter, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the direct shear tests were carried out to discuss the change of shear strength indexes of grassroots reinforced soil under different reinforce situations, and analyse the effects of grassroots characteristics on reinforced soil performance. The laboratory test results show that: (1) in the certain number of grassroots diameter, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength, and cohesion first increase and then reduce with the increasing of grassroots quantity; (2) in the certain number of grassroots quantity, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength and cohesion rise with the increasing of grassroots diameter; (3) in the certain number of grassroots diameter, and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength and cohesion raise with the increasing of grassroots length in a certain range of grassroots quantity, while the value of shear strength and cohesion first rise and then decline with the increasing of grassroots length when the grassroots quantity reaches a certain value; (4) in the certain number of grassroots quantity, grassroots diameter, and grassroots length, the value of shear strength and cohesion first climb and then decline with the increasing of grassroots reinforced layers; (5) the change of internal friction angle is small in different parameters of grassroots. The research results are of importance for understanding the mechanism of vegetation protection for slopes and determining the parameters of grass planting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20shear%20test" title="direct shear test">direct shear test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20soil" title=" reinforced soil"> reinforced soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grassroots%20characteristics" title=" grassroots characteristics"> grassroots characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength%20indexes" title=" shear strength indexes"> shear strength indexes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85527/study-on-the-effects-of-grassroots-characteristics-on-reinforced-soil-performance-by-direct-shear-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7569</span> Industrial Revolution: Army Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek">M. Şimşek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Additive manufacturing (AM) or generally known as three dimensional (3D) printing provides great opportunities for both civilian and military applications by which 3D has become the biggest nominee of breakthrough of 21th century. When properly used, it has a wide spectrum of applications that make production easier and more profitable. Considering the advantages of AM, every firm has an intention of catching up with this new trend. As well as reducing costs and thus increasing benefits, 3D printing provides opportunities for national armies by reducing maintenance and repair time and increasing operational readiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20cost" title=" operational cost"> operational cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20readiness" title=" operational readiness"> operational readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20dimensional%20printing" title=" three dimensional printing"> three dimensional printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24307/industrial-revolution-army-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7568</span> Tools for Transparency: The Role of Civic Technology in Increasing the Transparency of the State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Rumbul">Rebecca Rumbul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation of the state can often appear opaque to citizens wishing to access official information, who have to negotiate a path through numerous levels of bureaucracy rationalized through institutional policy to acquire what information they want. Even where individual states have 'Right to Information' legislation guaranteeing citizen access to information, public sector conformity to such laws vary between states and between state organizations. In response to such difficulties in bringing citizens and information together, many NGO's around the world have begun designing and hosting digital portals to facilitate the requesting and receiving of official information. How then, are these 'civic technology' tools affecting the behavior of the state? Are they increasing the transparency of the state? This study looked at 5 Right to Information civic technology sites in Chile, Uruguay, Ukraine, Hungary and the UK, and found that such sites were providing a useful platform to publish official information, but that states were still reluctant to comply with all requests. It concludes that civic technology can be an important tool in increasing the transparency of the state, but that the state must have an institutional commitment to information rights for this to be fully effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title="digital">digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20technology" title=" civic technology"> civic technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23373/tools-for-transparency-the-role-of-civic-technology-in-increasing-the-transparency-of-the-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7567</span> Woodfuels as Alternative Source of Energy in Rural and Urban Areas in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20T.%20Aggangan">R. T. Aggangan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Woodfuels continue to be a major component of the energy supply mix of the Philippines due to increasing demand for energy that are not adequately met by decreasing supply and increasing prices of fuel oil such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene. The Development Academy of the Philippines projects the demand of woodfuels in 2016 as 28.3 million metric tons in the household sector and about 105.4 million metric tons combined supply potentials of both forest and non-forest lands. However, the Revised Master Plan for Forestry Development projects a demand of about 50 million cu meters of fuelwood in 2016 but the capability to supply from local sources is only about 28 million cu meters indicating a 44 % deficiency. Household demand constitutes 82% while industries demand is 18%. Domestic household demand for energy is for cooking needs while the industrial demand is for steam power generation, curing barns of tobacco: brick, ceramics and pot making; bakery; lime production; and small scale food processing. Factors that favour increased use of wood-based energy include the relatively low prices (increasing oil-based fuel prices), availability of efficient wood-based energy utilization technology, increasing supply, and increasing population that cannot afford conventional fuels. Moreover, innovations in combustion technology and cogeneration of heat and power from biomass for modern applications favour biomass energy development. This paper recommends policies and strategic directions for the development of the woodfuel industry with the twin goals of sustainably supplying the energy requirements of households and industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20energy%20development" title="biomass energy development">biomass energy development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuelwood" title=" fuelwood"> fuelwood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=households%20and%20industry" title=" households and industry"> households and industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovations%20in%20combustion%20technology" title=" innovations in combustion technology"> innovations in combustion technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20and%20demand" title=" supply and demand"> supply and demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44310/woodfuels-as-alternative-source-of-energy-in-rural-and-urban-areas-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7566</span> Bifurcations of a System of Rotor-Ball Bearings with Waviness and Squeeze Film Dampers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Modares%20Ahmadi">Sina Modares Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Reza%20Ghazavi"> Mohamad Reza Ghazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandana%20Sheikhzad"> Mandana Sheikhzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Squeeze film damper systems (SFD) are often used in machines with high rotational speed to reduce non-periodic behavior by creating external damping. These types of systems are frequently used in aircraft gas turbine engines. There are some structural parameters which are of great importance in designing these kinds of systems, such as oil film thickness, C, and outer race mass, mo. Moreover, there is a crucial parameter associated with manufacturing process, under the title of waviness. Geometric imperfections are often called waviness if its wavelength is much longer than Hertzian contact width which is a considerable source of vibration in ball bearings. In this paper, a system of a flexible rotor and two ball bearings with floating ring squeeze film dampers and consideration of waviness has been modeled and solved by a numerical integration method, namely Runge-Kutta method to investigate the dynamic response of the system. The results show that by increasing the number of wave lobes, which is due to inappropriate manufacturing, non- periodic and chaotic behavior increases. This result reveals the importance of manufacturing accuracy. Moreover, as long as C< 1.5×10-4 m, by increasing the oil film thickness, unwanted vibrations and non-periodic behavior of the system have been reduced, On the other hand, when C>1.5×10-4 m, increasing the outer oil film thickness results in the increasing chaotic and non-periodic responses. This result shows that although the presence of oil film results in reduction the non-periodic and chaotic behaviors, but the oil film has an optimal thickness. In addition, with increasing mo, the disc displacement amplitude increases. This result reveals the importance of utilizing light materials in manufacturing the squeeze film dampers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squeeze-film%20damper" title="squeeze-film damper">squeeze-film damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waviness" title=" waviness"> waviness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20bearing" title=" ball bearing"> ball bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title=" bifurcation"> bifurcation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17218/bifurcations-of-a-system-of-rotor-ball-bearings-with-waviness-and-squeeze-film-dampers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7565</span> Trend Analysis of Rainfall: A Climate Change Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyamli%20Singh">Shyamli Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishupinder%20Kaur"> Ishupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20K.%20Sharma"> Vinod K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate Change refers to the change in climate for extended period of time. Climate is changing from the past history of earth but anthropogenic activities accelerate this rate of change and which is now being a global issue. Increase in greenhouse gas emissions is causing global warming and climate change related issues at an alarming rate. Increasing temperature results in climate variability across the globe. Changes in rainfall patterns, intensity and extreme events are some of the impacts of climate change. Rainfall variability refers to the degree to which rainfall patterns varies over a region (spatial) or through time period (temporal). Temporal rainfall variability can be directly or indirectly linked to climate change. Such variability in rainfall increases the vulnerability of communities towards climate change. Increasing urbanization and unplanned developmental activities, the air quality is deteriorating. This paper mainly focuses on the rainfall variability due to increasing level of greenhouse gases. Rainfall data of 65 years (1951-2015) of Safdarjung station of Delhi was collected from Indian Meteorological Department and analyzed using Mann-Kendall test for time-series data analysis. Mann-Kendall test is a statistical tool helps in analysis of trend in the given data sets. The slope of the trend can be measured through Sen’s slope estimator. Data was analyzed monthly, seasonally and yearly across the period of 65 years. The monthly rainfall data for the said period do not follow any increasing or decreasing trend. Monsoon season shows no increasing trend but here was an increasing trend in the pre-monsoon season. Hence, the actual rainfall differs from the normal trend of the rainfall. Through this analysis, it can be projected that there will be an increase in pre-monsoon rainfall than the actual monsoon season. Pre-monsoon rainfall causes cooling effect and results in drier monsoon season. This will increase the vulnerability of communities towards climate change and also effect related developmental activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title="greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability" title=" rainfall variability"> rainfall variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sen%27s%20slope" title=" Sen's slope"> Sen's slope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91911/trend-analysis-of-rainfall-a-climate-change-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7564</span> Influence of Menstrual Cycle on the Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhyarani%20Guggilla">Sandhyarani Guggilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For several reasons no two individuals can be considered identical and hence individualization of therapy is the current trend in treating the patients. Influence of menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline. Twelve healthy female volunteers have been included in the study after obtaining written informed consent. The age ranged from 16 to 25 years. Experimental design: The volunteer selection and recruitment will be carried out after obtaining informed consent from each volunteer. The drug administration will be done to each volunteer at 7 a.m along with a glass of water after an overnight fasting on 3rd, 13th and 23rd day of menstrual cycle. These saliva samples will be stored under frozen conditions until HPLC analysis. Results: In the present study the changes in estrogen levels during ovulatory phase have not shown any influence onAUCo-t of Doxycycline. Only AUCo-t of doxycycline showed an increasing trend with increasing levels of estrogen in ovulatory phase, but not in other phases. Even though the FSH levels differed significantly among volunteers during different phases FSH does not seem to influence the overall pharmacokinetic behavior of Doxycycline during different phases. The present study indicated only the trend that the hormone levels may influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of the Doxycycline. Conclusion: In the present study the changes in hormones have shown an increasing C-max, increasing AUCo-t of Doxycycline pharmacokinetics significantly in follicular phase than ovulatory and luteal phases among volunteers during different phases. In other pharmacokinetic properties like clearance, biological half-life, volume of distribution, mean residence time the change was not significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menstrual%20cycle" title="menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doxycycline" title=" doxycycline"> doxycycline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estrogen" title=" estrogen"> estrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSH" title=" FSH"> FSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovulatory%20phase" title=" ovulatory phase "> ovulatory phase </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48141/influence-of-menstrual-cycle-on-the-pharmacokinetics-of-antibiotics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7563</span> Effect of Substrate Temperature on Some Physical Properties of Doubly doped Tin Oxide Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Battal">Ahmet Battal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Tatar"> Demet Tatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahattin%20D%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn"> Bahattin Düzgün</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are mostly used much applications due to many properties such as cheap, high transmittance/electrical conductivity etc. One of the clearest among TCOs, indium tin oxide (ITO), is the most widely used in many areas. However, as ITO is expensive and very low regarding reserve, other materials with suitable properties (especially SnO2 thin films) are be using instead of it. In this report, tin oxide thin films doubly doped with antimony and fluorine (AFTO) were deposited by spray at different substrate temperatures on glass substrate. It was investigated their structural, optical, electrical and luminescence properties. The substrate temperature was varied from 320 to 480 ˚C at the interval of 40 (±5) ºC. X-ray results were shown that the films are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and oriented preferentially along (101), (200) and (210) directions. It was observed that the preferential orientations of crystal growth are not dependent on substrate temperature, but the intensity of preferential orientation was increased with increasing substrate temperature until 400 ºC. After this substrate temperature, they decreased. So, substrate temperature impact structure of these thin films. It was known from SEM analysis, the thin films have rough and homogenous and the surface of the films was affected by the substrate temperature i.e. grain size are increasing with increasing substrate temperature until 400 ºC. Also, SEM and AFM studies revealed the surface of AFTO thin films to be made of nanocrystalline particles. The average transmittance of the films in the visible range is 70-85%. Eg values of the films were investigated using the absorption spectra and found to be in the range 3,20-3,93 eV. The electrical resistivity decreases with increasing substrate temperature, then the electrical resistivity increases. PL spectra were found as a function of substrate temperature. With increasing substrate temperature, emission spectra shift a little bit to a UV region. Finally, tin oxide thin films were successfully prepared by this method and a spectroscopic characterization of the obtained films was performed. It was found that the films have very good physical properties. It was concluded that substrate temperature impacts thin film structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SnO2" title=" SnO2"> SnO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20doped" title=" doubly doped"> doubly doped</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28569/effect-of-substrate-temperature-on-some-physical-properties-of-doubly-doped-tin-oxide-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7562</span> Combinatory Nutrition Supplementation: A Case of Synergy for Increasing Calcium Bioavailability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20C.%20S.%20Lim">Daniel C. S. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Y.%20M.%20Yeo"> Eric Y. M. Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Y.%20Tan"> W. Y. Tan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an overview of how calcium interacts with the various essential nutrients within an environment of cellular and hormonal interactions for the purpose of increasing bioavailability to the human body. One example of such interactions can be illustrated with calcium homeostasis. This paper gives an in-depth discussion on the possible interactive permutations with various nutrients and factors leading to the promotion of calcium bioavailability to the body. The review hopes to provide further insights into how calcium supplement formulations can be improved to better influence its bioavailability in the human body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioavailability" title="bioavailability">bioavailability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20of%20cellular%20and%20hormonal%20interactions" title=" environment of cellular and hormonal interactions"> environment of cellular and hormonal interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20combinations" title=" nutritional combinations"> nutritional combinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic" title=" synergistic"> synergistic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61759/combinatory-nutrition-supplementation-a-case-of-synergy-for-increasing-calcium-bioavailability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7561</span> Coconut Based Sustainable Agri-Silvicultural System: Success Story from Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavananthan%20Sivananthawerl">Thavananthan Sivananthawerl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coconut palm is existing for more than 2000 years in Sri Lanka. However, cultivation on a large scale (plantation) began only in the 19th century. Due to different light perceptions during the growth stages of palm, there is a huge potential to grow crops in-between rows of coconut plants which are grown with wider, fixed spacing. Intercropping under coconut will have multiple benefits such as increasing soil fertility, increasing sunlight utilization, increasing total crop productivity, increasing income & profit, maximum use of resources, reducing the risk, and increasing food security. Growing potential annual, agricultural intercrops could be classified as ‘agri-silvicultural’ system. This is the best agri-silvicultural system that can be named under any perennial crop system in Sri Lanka. In the late 1970’s cassava, pepper and cacao are the major intercrops under the coconut plantations. At the early ages of the palm (<5 years) light-loving crops such as pineapple, passion, papaya, and cassava are recommended and preferred by the cultivators. In between 5-20 years of age, the availability of light is very low, and therefore shade tolerant/loving crops (pasture, yam, ginger) could be used as the intercrops. However, after 20 years of age (>20 years) canopy is getting small, and the light availability on the ground increases. So, light demanding crops such as pepper, banana, pineapple, betel, cassava, and seasonal crops could be grown successfully. Even though this is a sustainable system in several aspects, there are potential challenges ahead to the system. The major ones are land fragmentation and infrastructure development. The other factors are drought, lack of financial support, price instability of the intercrops, availability of improved planting materials, and development of dwarf varieties which reduces the light. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20cultivation" title="coconut cultivation">coconut cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agri-silviculture" title=" agri-silviculture"> agri-silviculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercrop" title=" intercrop"> intercrop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight" title=" sunlight"> sunlight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annuals" title=" annuals"> annuals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155671/coconut-based-sustainable-agri-silvicultural-system-success-story-from-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7560</span> Spatial and Temporal Variability of Fog Over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar%20Srivastava">Sanjay Kumar Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Rani%20Sharma"> Anu Rani Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamna%20Sachdeva"> Kamna Sachdeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to analyze the characteristics of winter fog in terms of its trend and spatial-temporal variability over Indo-Gangetic plains. The study reveals that during last four and half decades (1971-2015), an alarming increasing trend in fog frequency has been observed during the winter months of December and January over the study area. The frequency of fog has increased by 118.4% during the peak winter months of December and January. It has also been observed that on an average central part of IGP has 66.29% fog days followed by west IGP with 41.94% fog days. Further, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decomposition and Mann-Kendall variation analysis are used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of winter fog. The findings have significant implications for the further research of fog over IGP and formulate robust strategies to adapt the fog variability and mitigate its effects. The decision by Delhi Government to implement odd-even scheme to restrict the use of private vehicles in order to reduce pollution and improve quality of air may result in increasing the alarming increasing trend of fog over Delhi and its surrounding areas regions of IGP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog" title="fog">fog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatology" title=" climatology"> climatology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20variability" title=" spatial variability"> spatial variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20variability" title=" temporal variability"> temporal variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56267/spatial-and-temporal-variability-of-fog-over-the-indo-gangetic-plains-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7559</span> Increasing the Efficiency of the Biomass Gasification Technology with Using the Organic Rankin Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Frant%C3%ADk">Jaroslav Frantík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Najser"> Jan Najser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with increasing the energy efficiency of a plant in terms of optimizing the process. The European Union is striving to achieve the climate-energy package in the area increasing of energy efficiency. The goal of energy efficiency is to reduce primary energy consumption by 20% within the EU until 2020. The objective of saving energy consumption in the Czech Republic was set at 47.84 PJ (13.29 TWh). For reducing electricity consumption, it is possible to choose: a) mandatory increasing of energy efficiency, b) alternative scheme, c) combination of both actions. The Czech Republic has chosen for reducing electricity consumption using-alternative scheme. The presentation is focused on the proposal of a technological unit dealing with the gasification process of processing of biomass with an increase of power in the output. The synthesis gas after gasification of biomass is used as fuel in a cogeneration process of reciprocating internal combustion engine with the classic production of heat and electricity. Subsequently, there is an explanation of the ORC system dealing with the conversion of waste heat to electricity with the using closed cycle of the steam process with organic medium. The arising electricity is distributed to the power grid as a further energy source, or it is used for needs of the partial coverage of the technological unit. Furthermore, there is a presented schematic description of the technology with the identification of energy flows starting from the biomass treatment by drying, through its conversion to gaseous fuel, producing of electricity and utilize of thermal energy with minimizing losses. It has been found that using of ORC system increased the efficiency of the produced electricity by 7.5%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORC%20system" title=" ORC system"> ORC system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77936/increasing-the-efficiency-of-the-biomass-gasification-technology-with-using-the-organic-rankin-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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