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<span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Committees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Committees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Committees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cybersecurity Advisory Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وكالة الأمن السيبراني وأمن البنية التحتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وكالة الأمن السيبراني وأمن البنية التحتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Агенция за киберсигурност и сигурност на инфраструктурата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Агенция за киберсигурност и сигурност на инфраструктурата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentura_pro_kybernetickou_a_infrastrukturn%C3%AD_bezpe%C4%8Dnost" title="Agentura pro kybernetickou a infrastrukturní bezpečnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Agentura pro kybernetickou a infrastrukturní bezpečnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_Ciberseguridad_y_Seguridad_de_las_Infraestructuras" title="Agencia de Ciberseguridad y Seguridad de las Infraestructuras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de Ciberseguridad y Seguridad de las Infraestructuras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88%EA%B5%AD" title="사이버보안 및 인프라 보안국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이버보안 및 인프라 보안국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Keamanan_Siber_dan_Keamanan_Infrastruktur_(Amerika_Serikat)" title="Badan Keamanan Siber dan Keamanan Infrastruktur (Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badan Keamanan Siber dan Keamanan Infrastruktur (Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9B%A4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E5%BA%81" title="アメリカ合衆国サイバーセキュリティ・社会基盤安全保障庁 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国サイバーセキュリティ・社会基盤安全保障庁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Агентство по кибербезопасности и защите инфраструктуры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агентство по кибербезопасности и защите инфраструктуры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Protection_and_Programs_Directorate" title="National Protection and Programs Directorate – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Protection and Programs Directorate" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" title="网络安全和基础设施安全局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="网络安全和基础设施安全局" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about CISA. For CSIAC, see <a href="/wiki/Cyber_Security_and_Information_Systems_Information_Analysis_Center" title="Cyber Security and Information Systems Information Analysis Center">Cyber Security and Information Systems Information Analysis Center</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/165px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/248px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg/330px-Seal_of_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="467" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of CISA</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg/250px-Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg/375px-Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg/500px-Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_new_headquarters_visualization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><br />CISA's future headquarters on the Elizabeth's Campus in Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26, 2018<span class="noprint">; 5 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-11-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">National Protection and Programs Directorate</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Federal Government">United States Federal Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>"America's Cyber Defense Agency"</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">3,161 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-HighScore_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HighScore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.9 billion <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen Easterly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director</a><sup id="cite_ref-Leadership_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leadership-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Nitin Natarajan, Deputy Director<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cisa.gov">cisa<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</b> (<b>CISA</b>) is a component of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS) responsible for <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> protection across all levels of government, coordinating cybersecurity programs with <a href="/wiki/U.S._states" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. states">U.S. states</a>, and improving the government's cybersecurity protections against private and nation-state <a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">hackers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The agency began in 2007 as the DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aboutcisa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutcisa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_Act_of_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018</a>, CISA's footprint grew to include roles in <a href="/wiki/Election_security" title="Election security">securing elections</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">census</a>, managing <a href="/wiki/National_Special_Security_Event" title="National Special Security Event">National Special Security Events</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been involved in <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> network security and hardening the US grid against <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">electromagnetic pulses</a> (EMPs).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Office for Bombing Prevention leads the national <a href="/wiki/Counter-IED_efforts" title="Counter-IED efforts">counter-IED effort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>, in 2025 CISA is planning to move its headquarters along with 6,500 employees to a new 10 story, 620,000 sq ft building on the consolidated DHS <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths campus</a> headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>National Protection and Programs Directorate</b> (<b>NPPD</b>) was formed in 2007 as a component of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPPD's goal was to advance the Department's <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> mission by reducing and eliminating threats to U.S. critical physical and cyber infrastructure. </p><p>On November 16, 2018, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_Act_of_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018</a>, which elevated the mission of the former NPPD within DHS, establishing the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CISA is a successor agency to NPPD, and assists both other government agencies and private sector organizations in addressing cybersecurity issues.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former NPPD Under-Secretary <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher C. Krebs">Christopher Krebs</a> was CISA's first Director, and former Deputy Under-Secretary <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Travis" title="Matthew Travis">Matthew Travis</a> was its first deputy director.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 22, 2019, CISA issued its first Emergency Directive (19-01: Mitigate DNS Infrastructure Tampering)<sup id="cite_ref-ed-19-01_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-19-01-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> warning that "an active attacker is targeting government organizations" using <a href="/wiki/DNS_spoofing" title="DNS spoofing">DNS spoofing</a> techniques to perform <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Man-in-the-middle attacks">man-in-the-middle attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cisa-blog-feb-19_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cisa-blog-feb-19-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research group FireEye stated that "initial research suggests the actor or actors responsible have a nexus to Iran."<sup id="cite_ref-fireeye-feb_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fireeye-feb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, CISA created a website, titled <i>Rumor Control</i>, to rebut <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 12, 2020, CISA issued a press release asserting, "There is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, Director Krebs indicated that he expected to be dismissed from his post by the Trump administration.<sup id="cite_ref-topcyber_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topcyber-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krebs was subsequently fired by President Trump on November 17, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via tweet for his comments regarding the security of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/239px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/359px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/478px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of Homeland Security <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> at CISA's current headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a> in 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 12, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> confirmed <a href="/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen Easterly</a> by a voice vote.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Easterly's nomination had been reported favorably out of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a> on June 16, but a floor vote had been reportedly <a href="/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">held</a> (delayed) by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Senator Rick Scott</a> over broader national security concerns, until the President or Vice President had visited the southern border with Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Easterly hired new staff to monitor online disinformation to enhance what she called the nation's "cognitive infrastructure" and utilized the existing rumor control website during the 2021 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, CISA released their 2023–2025 CISA Strategic Plan, the first comprehensive strategy document since the agency was established in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf/page1-170px-Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf/page1-255px-Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf/page1-340px-Resilience_Series_01_Real_Fake.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption><i>Real Fake</i>, a 2020 <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> from CISA about disinformation and misinformation campaigns</figcaption></figure> <p>CISA divisions include the:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_Security_Division" title="National Cyber Security Division">Cybersecurity Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_and_Communications_Integration_Center" title="National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center">National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center</a></li> <li>Capacity Building</li> <li>Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative</li> <li>Mission Engineering</li> <li>Office of the Technical Director</li> <li>Threat Hunting</li> <li>Vulnerability Management</li></ul></li> <li>Infrastructure Security Division <ul><li>Bombing Prevention</li> <li>Chemical Security</li> <li>Exercises</li> <li>Infrastructure Assessment & Analysis</li> <li>School Safety</li> <li>Strategy, Performance & Resources</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_System" title="National Communications System">Emergency Communications Division</a></li> <li>National Risk Management Center</li> <li>Integrated Operations Division <ul><li>Regions 1 through 10<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Stakeholder Engagement Division <ul><li>Council Management</li> <li>International</li> <li>Sector Management</li> <li>Strategic Relations</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations program provides cybersecurity tools and services to federal agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CISA issues "binding operational directives" that require federal government agencies to take action against specific cybersecurity risks.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2021, CISA assumed control of the <a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a> <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> (TLD) from the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>. CISA manages the approval of domains and operates the TLD <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> nameservers. In April 2021, CISA removed the fee for registering domains.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a> received a $7.2M contract to provide DNS registry and hosting services for the TLD.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CISA provides incident response services to the federal executive branch and US-based entities. </p><p>CISA manages the <a href="/wiki/Einstein_(US-CERT_program)" title="Einstein (US-CERT program)">EINSTEIN</a> intrusion detection system to detect malicious activity on federal government agency networks. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/William_M._(Mac)_Thornberry_National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021</a> granted CISA the authority to issue <a href="/wiki/Administrative_subpoena" title="Administrative subpoena">administrative subpoenas</a> in order to identify the owners of internet connected critical infrastructure related devices with specific vulnerabilities. In 2021, CISA issued 47 subpoenas.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2021, Easterly stated "One could argue we’re in the business of critical infrastructure, and the most critical infrastructure is our cognitive infrastructure, so building that resilience to misinformation and disinformation, I think, is incredibly important."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, CISA released a report that provided guidance for how to navigate and prevent <a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">ransomware</a> incidents. This was due to a significant jump in recent attacks related to ransomware.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Committees">Committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee">Cybersecurity Advisory Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cybersecurity Advisory Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, the Agency created the Cybersecurity Advisory Committee with the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Adler_(politician)" title="Steve Adler (politician)">Steve Adler</a>, Mayor, City of Austin, Texas</li> <li>Marene Allison, Chief Information Security Officer, Johnson & Johnson</li> <li>Lori Beer, Chief Information Officer, JPMorgan Chase</li> <li>Robert Chesney, James A. Baker III Chair in the Rule of Law and World Affairs, University of Texas School of Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Fanning" title="Thomas A. Fanning">Thomas Fanning</a>, Chairman, President and CEO, Southern Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Gadde" title="Vijaya Gadde">Vijaya Gadde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_D._Gallagher" title="Patrick D. Gallagher">Patrick D. Gallagher</a>, Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh</li> <li>Ronald Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Security Officer, Mastercard</li> <li>Niloofar Razi Howe, Board Member, Tenable</li> <li>Kevin Mandia, Chief Executive Officer, Mandiant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a>, President, DEF CON Communications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuala_O%27Connor_(technologist)" title="Nuala O'Connor (technologist)">Nuala O’Connor</a>, Senior Vice President & Chief Counsel, Digital Citizenship, Walmart</li> <li>Nicole Perlroth, Cybersecurity journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Prince" title="Matthew Prince">Matthew Prince</a>, Chief Executive Officer, Cloudflare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Perkins" title="Kleiner Perkins">Ted Schlein</a>, General Partner, Kleiner Perkins; and Caufield & Byers</li> <li>Stephen Schmidt, Chief Information Security Officer, Amazon Web Services</li> <li>Suzanne Spaulding, Senior Advisor for Homeland Security, CSIS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a>, Partner, Krebs Stamos Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Starbird" title="Kate Starbird">Kate Starbird</a>, Associate Professor, Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington</li> <li>George Stathakopoulos, Vice President of Corporate Information Security, Apple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Tate-Nadeau" title="Alicia Tate-Nadeau">Alicia Tate-Nadeau</a> (ARNG-Ret.), Director, Illinois Emergency Management Agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Wong" title="Nicole Wong">Nicole Wong</a>, Principal, NWong Strategies</li> <li>Chris Young, Executive Vice President of Business Development, Strategy, and Ventures, Microsoft</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th colspan="2">Director </th> <th colspan="3">Term </th></tr> <tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Term length </th></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chris C. Krebs"><img alt="Chris C. Krebs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/100px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/150px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/200px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Krebs, Chris C.</span><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Krebs" title="Chris Krebs">Chris C. Krebs</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">16 November 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">17 November 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002732000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 1 day</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jen M. Easterly"><img alt="Jen M. Easterly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/100px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/150px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/200px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4307" data-file-height="5384" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Easterly, Jen M.</span><b><a href="/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen M. Easterly</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">13 July 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><i>Incumbent</i></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003122800000000000♠"></span>3 years, 132 days</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">List of federal agencies in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Digital_Service" title="Florida Digital Service">Florida Digital Service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HighScore-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HighScore_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/cisa-hiring-hits-high-score-and-were-not-done">"CISA Hiring Hits High Score, and We're Not Done!!"</a>. 21 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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