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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sidney Altman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 cànan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Gaeilge" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gaeilge" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سيدني ألتمان – Arabais" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيدني ألتمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سيدنى التمان – Arabais Èipheiteach" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيدنى التمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabais Èipheiteach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidni_Oltmen" title="Sidni Oltmen – Asarbaideànais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sidni Oltmen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Asarbaideànais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86" title="سیدنی آلتمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیدنی آلتمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сідней Олтмен – Bealaruisis" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сідней Олтмен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Bealaruisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сидни Олтман – Bulgarais" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сидни Олтман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="সিডনি অল্টম্যান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিডনি অল্টম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Catalanais" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Seicis" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Seicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Danmhairgis" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danmhairgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Gearmailtis" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Gearmailtis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Beurla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Beurla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Spàinntis" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spàinntis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Basgais" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86" title="سیدنی آلتمن – Peirsis" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیدنی آلتمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Peirsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Fionnlannais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fionnlannais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Fraingis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fraingis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Gailìsis" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gailìsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="סידני אלטמן – Eabhra" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סידני אלטמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Eabhra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Ungairis" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungairis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Innd-Innsis" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Innd-Innsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Eadailtis" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eadailtis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="シドニー・アルトマン – Seapanais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シドニー・アルトマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Seapanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EC%98%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="시드니 올트먼 – Coirèanais" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시드니 올트먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coirèanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Laideann" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laideann" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Lugsamburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lugsamburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="സിഡ്നി അൾട്മാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഡ്നി അൾട്മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Malaidhis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaidhis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86" title="سیدنی آلتمن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیدنی آلتمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Duitsis" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Duitsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Bokmål na Nirribhidh" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål na Nirribhidh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Ogsatanais" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ogsatanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Pòlainnis" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pòlainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سڈنی آلٹمین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سڈنی آلٹمین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Portagailis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portagailis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Romàinis" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romàinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Олтмен, Сидни – Ruisis" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олтмен, Сидни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Slòbhacais" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slòbhacais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Slòbhainis" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slòbhainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Sàmais Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Sàmais Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Suainis" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Kiswahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Kiswahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சிட்னி ஆல்ட்மன் – Taimilis" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிட்னி ஆல்ட்மன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Taimilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman – Turcais" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sidney Altman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сидни Олтмен – Tatarais" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сидни Олтмен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сідні Олтмен – Ucràinis" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сідні Олтмен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucràinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%B9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سڈنی آلٹ مین – Ùrdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سڈنی آلٹ مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Ùrdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Coltas"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Coltas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="327" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Beatha</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Breith</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, 7 dhen Chèitean 1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dùthaich</th><td> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Na_St%C3%A0itean_Aonaichte" title="Na Stàitean Aonaichte">Na Stàitean Aonaichte</a> <small> (1984 -</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Bàs</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockleigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockleigh (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Rockleigh</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1087516?uselang=gd" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, 5 dhen Ghiblean 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Àite-adhlacaidh</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congregation_Mishkan_Israel_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congregation Mishkan Israel Cemetery (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Congregation Mishkan Israel Cemetery</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117446157?uselang=gd" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Teaghlach</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cèile</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_M._Altman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann M. Altman (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Ann M. Altman</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41512229?uselang=gd" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Foghlam</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Foghlam</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Oilthigh_Cholumbia" title="Oilthigh Cholumbia">Oilthigh Cholumbia</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49108" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q49108">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q736674" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q736674">Oilthigh Colorado ann am Boulder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Oileanaich dotaireachd</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_C._Stark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin C. Stark (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Benjamin C. Stark</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15989737?uselang=gd" title="Translate"><img alt="Translate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cànain</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Beurla" title="Beurla">Beurla</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Dreuchd</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dreuchd</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Bith-e%C3%B2laiche" title="Bith-eòlaiche">bith-eòlaiche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceimigear" title="Ceimigear">ceimigear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bith-e%C3%B2laiche_moileciuileach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bith-eòlaiche moileciuileach (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">bith-eòlaiche moileciuileach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bith-cheimigear" title="Bith-cheimigear">bith-cheimigear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgoilear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sgoilear (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">sgoilear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiosaigiche" title="Fiosaigiche">fiosaigiche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neach-teagaisg_oilthigh" title="Neach-teagaisg oilthigh">neach-teagaisg oilthigh</a> agus <a href="/wiki/Bith-fhiosaigiche" title="Bith-fhiosaigiche">bith-fhiosaigiche</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Fastaichean</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Oilthigh_Harvard" title="Oilthigh Harvard">Oilthigh Harvard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Duaisean a fhuaras</th><td> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">liosta</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Duais_Nobel_ann_an_Ceimigeachd" title="Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd">Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd</a> <small> (1989)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosenstiel_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosenstiel Award (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Rosenstiel Award</a> <small> (1988)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lomonosov_Gold_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lomonosov Gold Medal (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Lomonosov Gold Medal</a> <small> (2016)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_Professor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling Professor (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Sterling Professor</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honorary_doctorate_from_the_McGill_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honorary doctorate from the McGill University (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">honorary doctorate from the McGill University</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ballrachd</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Acadamh_N%C3%A0iseanta_nan_Saidheans" title="Acadamh Nàiseanta nan Saidheans">Acadamh Nàiseanta nan Saidheans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Acadamh_Aimeireaga_nan_Ealan_is_nan_Saidheans" title="Acadamh Aimeireaga nan Ealan is nan Saidheans">Acadamh Aimeireaga nan Ealan is nan Saidheans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Comann_Aimeireaganach_na_Feallsanachd" title="Comann Aimeireaganach na Feallsanachd">Comann Aimeireaganach na Feallsanachd</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Comann_Aimeireaganach_airson_Adhartas_nan_Saidheansan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Comann Aimeireaganach airson Adhartas nan Saidheansan (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">An Comann Aimeireaganach airson Adhartas nan Saidheansan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Creideamh</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Creideamh</th><td> <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B9dhachd" title="Iùdhachd">Iùdhachd</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>'S e <a href="/wiki/Ceimigear" title="Ceimigear">ceimigear</a> à <a href="/wiki/Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> a th' ann an <b>Sydney Altman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> <a href="/wiki/7_an_C%C3%A8itean" title="7 an Cèitean">7 an Cèitean</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>). Bhuannaich e an <a href="/wiki/Duais_Nobel_ann_an_Ceimigeachd" title="Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd">Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd</a> ann an <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> còmhla ri <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Thomas R. Cech</a> airson an obrach air RNA. </p><p>Rugadh is thogadh e ann am <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> is bha e na oileanach aig MIT agus sgrìobh e a thràchdas ann am Boulder, Colorado. An dèidh sin dh'obraich e airson dà bhliadhna aig an LMB ann an Cambridge còmhla ri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Brenner (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Sydney Brenner</a> is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Crick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Crick (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Francis Crick</a> far an do lorg e fianais gum b' urrainn do RNA obrachadh mar chatailist. Sin as coireach chaidh e na ollamh aig <a href="/wiki/Oilthigh_Yale" title="Oilthigh Yale">Oilthigh Yale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iomraidhean">Iomraidhean</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Altman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Deasaich earrann: Iomraidhean" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>deasaich</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Altman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Iomraidhean"><span>deasaich an tùs</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989</a>”. Nobel Media AB. Air a thogail 12mh dhen Dàmhair 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.ca/scientists/scientistprofile.php?pID=3">Sid Altman</a>”. science.ca. Air a thogail 12mh dhen Dàmhair 2020.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="NavFrame" style="margin:1em 0 0 0; clear:right;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background:#ccccff" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Duais_Nobel_ann_an_Ceimigeachd" title="Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd">Duais Nobel ann an Ceimigeachd</a></b></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%;">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff">van't Hoff</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Fischer</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Ramsay" title="Sir William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer">von Baeyer</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> · 1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willstatter" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Martin Willstatter">Willstatter</a> · 1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Hermann_Nernst" title="Walther Hermann Nernst">Nernst</a> · 1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> · 1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Windaus</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Ružička</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> · 1947: <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Robinson" title="Sir Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis Giauque">Giauque</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels" title="Otto Paul Hermann Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Seaborg</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Synge</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Pauling</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Sir_Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Nikolayevich_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov">Semyonov</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Alexander R. Todd">Todd</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Libby</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Ferdinand Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cowdery_Kendrew" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cowdery Kendrew">Kendrew</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sanderson_Mulliken" title="Robert Sanderson Mulliken">Mulliken</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_H._R._Barton" title="Derek H. R. Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_F._Leloir" title="Luis F. Leloir">Leloir</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Stein" title="William H. Stein">Stein</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Flory" title="Paul J. Flory">Flory</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Nunn_Lipscomb" title="William Nunn Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Polanyi" title="John C. Polanyi">Polanyi</a> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> · 1989: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Cech</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_B._Mullis" title="Kary B. Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">M. Smith</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_C._Skou" title="Jens C. Skou">Skou</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_A._Pople" title="John A. Pople">Pople</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_H._Zewail" title="Ahmed H. Zewail">Zewail</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J_Heeger" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan J Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_G_MacDiarmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan G MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless" title="K. Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruaraidh_MacFhionghain" title="Ruaraidh MacFhionghain">MacFionghain</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Chiechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. 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Smith">G. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/John_Goodenough" title="John Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Whittingham" title="Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> · 2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Bertozzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Bertozzi (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morten_Meldal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morten Meldal (chan eil duilleag ann fhathast)">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless" title="K. 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