LACNIC Blog | Los desafíos legislativos de un Internet abierto en Colombia desde la mirada de un Policy Shaper

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size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" src="https://blog.lacnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/gobernanza-internet-2024-policy-public.png" alt="Los desafíos legislativos de un Internet abierto en Colombia desde la mirada de un Policy Shaper"><figcaption class="freepik">Diseñado por <a href='http://www.freepik.es/' target='_blank'>Freepik</a></figcaption> </figure> <p>El abogado colombiano German López Ardila es uno de los destacados participantes de <strong>los programas que LACNIC ofrece para unir comunidad técnica y Gobernanza de Internet: Líderes y posteriormente Policy Shapers.</strong></p> <p>Su investigación <strong>“Todos para uno y uno para todos: Desafíos legislativos al Internet abierto” </strong>llevada a cabo en el marco del Programa Líderes buscó analizar <strong>los proyectos de ley presentados en los últimos años en el Congreso de Colombia con el fin de estudiar las distintas tipologías de riesgo en Internet abierto que podían ser acarreadas por dichos proyectos</strong>. Al respecto, muchos de estos contenían obligaciones de censura injustificadamente severas o establecían obligaciones que no son técnica o jurídicamente logrables.</p> <p>Con base en esta tipología, López Ardilla <strong> desarrolló un documento dirigido a los legisladores con el fin de explicar y sensibilizar sobre elementos claves del funcionamiento de Internet y su gobernanza, además de hacer más técnico e ilustrado el debate legislativo sobre Internet en el país. En el marco de Policy Shapers tuvo la oportunidad de profundizar y darle más visibilidad a los resultados de su investigación.</strong></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">¿Cuál ha sido tu experiencia con Líderes?</h2> <p>He estado involucrado en el ecosistema de Internet de Colombia desde hace varios años y tal vez una de las figuras más interesantes del ecosistema en el país sea Julián Casasbuenas, mi mentor durante el programa. Lo conocí en el marco de la Mesa colombiana de Gobernanza de Internet  y fue él quien me ayudó a encontrar el espacio y descubrir la importancia que tenía en la región. En ese momento (2022) yo estaba analizando cómo funcionaban a nivel legislativo los proyectos de ley presentados en los últimos años que tuvieran algún impacto en Internet, particularmente <strong>lo relacionado a gestión de bloqueo de contenidos</strong>. Durante el periodo de mentoreo tuvimos la posibilidad de construir una relación mucho más cercana con Julián.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">¿Cómo ha contribuido tu trabajo a profundizar la discusión sobre Internet y los desafíos legislativos en Colombia?</h2> <p><strong>Lo que encontré en ese análisis es que había distintas razones a la hora de bloquear,</strong> con motivos relacionados a la defensa del buen nombre, la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes, otras relacionadas a protección de derechos de autor, etc.. La tarea fue convertir ese análisis en un documento mucho más corto utilizando la metodología Legal Design con el objetivo que <strong>los parlamentarios tuvieran una idea de qué estábamos hablando cuando nos referíamos a “Gobernanza de Internet”</strong>, qué son las múltiples partes interesadas, de qué hablamos cuando hablamos de gestión de contenido.<strong> Todo ello buscando elevar sus capacidades y que pudiéramos hablar el mismo idioma. </strong>Vale destacar que los proyectos de ley mapeados en ese periodo no se convirtieron en ley, muchos de ellos tenían variedad de  problemas técnicos</p> <p>Fue un ejercicio interesante porque tuve la oportunidad de organizar eventos con universidades como la <a href="https://www.uexternado.edu.co/">Universidad Externado de Colombia</a> e invitar a diferentes referentes del ecosistema local de Internet con la idea de compartir resultados y sensibilizarlos sobre la importancia del Internet abierto en el país, particularmente <strong>cómo se vuelve una herramienta relevante para fortalecer la democracia porque permite intercambiar ideas y promover el diálogo y no se trata meramente de una discusión técnico legal.</strong></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">¿Qué te ha aportado Policy Shapers desde el punto de vista técnico y desde la Gobernanza de Internet?</h2> <p>Yo no tengo de un background técnico por lo que siempre he estado más del lado de la discusión de políticas públicas y regulación y <strong>cuando tienes la oportunidad de entender técnicamente qué está pasando, que está por detrás de los protocolos de Internet o la infraestructura, eso termina agregando mucho valor a las discusiones porque se vuelven más robustas y precisas</strong>. Por ejemplo, en lo que respecto a mi trabajo de “Líderes” me di cuenta de que muchas de las iniciativas que se proponen no se pueden llevar a cabo técnicamente y eso viene desde ese desconocimiento de algunos tomadores de decisiones. Cuando alegremente se decide una orden bloqueo de contenido, existe detrás algo muchísimo más complejo que atraviesa un montón de capas de Internet y actores. <strong>Tener ese conocimiento técnico ayuda muchísimo sobre todo a la hora de pensar políticas públicas. La tarea de LACNIC es la de traducir los aspectos súper técnicos a un lenguaje que pueda ser entendido por las personas que toman decisiones y ese aspecto es muy relevante.</strong></p> <p>En cuanto a las otras instancias (el “Diplomado Interamericano de Derechos Humanos a la privacidad y la protección de datos personales” y la “Diplomatura en Gobernanza de Internet”), <strong>el cursado de ambas formaciones es un mix realmente interesante.</strong> De cómo construyen las políticas los actores del ecosistema uno salta a cosas que están en el ámbito más legal como por ejemplo <strong>protección de datos, la interacción entre los ciudadanos con las empresas y los gobiernos</strong>. La diplomatura en Montevideo da la chance<strong> de hablar con expertos de muy alto nivel que están mirando temas como IA, infraestructura de telecomunicaciones, apagones de Internet, entre otros</strong>. Todo ello se siente como un buen cierre porque luego uno mira hacia atrás y ve que el proceso arranca desde pequeños pasos hacia temas más complejos, con personas clave y el establecimiento de vínculos que realmente son súper valiosos para hacer la diferencia en la región.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">¿Qué has podido sumar como valor agregado a tu investigación y a su temática tras el paso por  el programa?</h2> <p>La integración de ambos recorridos terminó siendo muy útil para postularme a otro programa que es el “Open Internet for Democracy Leaders”. Mi proyecto  también me ha permitido expandir mi presencia en espacios donde se debate cómo fortalecer la democracia en Colombia a través de Internet, también cómo fortalecer la participación del sector privado.</p> <p>Particularmente en “Policy Shapers” <strong>hubo una profundización en el trabajo que venía haciendo que vino de la mano del trabajo con otras personas.</strong> El año pasado tuve la suerte de trabajar en muchos eventos relacionados con la Gobernanza de Internet en la región y también en otras partes.<strong> Tal vez una de las cosas más interesantes fue precisamente fortalecer los vínculos con colegas que están trabajando temas parecidos, lo que me permitió ver otras perspectivas de cómo están mirando las mismas cosas ya no solamente en Latinoamérica y en el Caribe sino en África, en Asia Central  y en el Sudeste Asiático. </strong>Naturalmente mi investigación se fue inclinando hacia la cuestión de la fragmentación de Internet: por ejemplo tuve la posibilidad de participar de la conferencia “RightsCon”, que organiza AcessNow  y de la “Policy Network on Internet Fragmentation (PNIF)” sobre Gobernanza de Internet. </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><em>¿Qué aprendizajes y herramientas profesionales rescatas de tu paso por Policy Shapers?</em></h2> <p>La posibilidad de participar de las reuniones y eventos del LACNIC es súper valioso porque <strong>permite fortalecer la red de networking.</strong> En la región hay muchas personas haciendo cosas muy interesantes pero a veces uno está concentrado en su propio país y se olvida que las discusiones en torno a Internet son globales, <strong>los problemas que nosotros tenemos en Colombia son muy parecidos a los que tienen en Panamá, Ecuador, México, Argentina o Chile. El intercambio con otros pares de otros países pone de relieve las oportunidades para trabajar en conjunto y cooperar. </strong> Además permiten a otras personas como yo poder acercarnos de primera mano a grandes referentes del ecosistema con cualquier pregunta o inquietud que se tenga.</p> <p>Asimismo, dos cosas interesantes que terminaron saliendo de este recorrido con LACNIC y de esos contactos es que soy parte del board del “Youth Standing Group” de la Internet Society y precisamente con varios colegas que han estado en el programa también soy parte del comité organizador del “Youth LACIGF”, lo que muestra que los programas <strong>sirven como una incubadora de contactos y un motor de sinergias.</strong></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">¿Cómo podrías impulsar a otros candidatos a recorrer el camino que postulan los programas de LACNIC?</h2> <p>Creo que tenemos la oportunidad <strong>de volver a ponernos en el centro en lo que refiere a discusión de temas digitales.</strong> En este sentido África y Asia se están volviendo súper importantes y América Latina está un poco en deuda. Somos muchos millones de personas y sin embargo siento que las grandes discusiones se van moviendo hacia otros lados. De alguna manera nosotros tenemos que recuperar la escena, que se sepa qué temas estamos mirando, pensando e investigando. ¿Qué mejor manera de visibilizarlo que escribiendo e investigando a través de programas como los que ofrece LACNIC? <strong>Es necesario mostrar por qué nuestros proyectos son tan importantes para la región y también para el mundo. 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