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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disputes_with_AT&T_and_Paramount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputes_with_AT&T_and_Paramount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Disputes with AT&T and Paramount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputes_with_AT&T_and_Paramount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_troubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_troubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early troubles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_troubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_the_end_of_the_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_the_end_of_the_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Decline and the end of the network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_the_end_of_the_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_revival_of_the_DuMont_brand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_revival_of_the_DuMont_brand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Failed revival of the DuMont brand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_revival_of_the_DuMont_brand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate_of_the_DuMont_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate_of_the_DuMont_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fate of the DuMont stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate_of_the_DuMont_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DuMont_programming_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DuMont_programming_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>DuMont programming library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DuMont_programming_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Affiliates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Affiliates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kinescopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinescopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kinescopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinescopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DuMont Television Network</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="دومانت تلویژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دومانت تلویژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DuMont Television Network" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E8%92%99%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2" title="杜蒙電視網 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜蒙電視網" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1262316#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">American television network (1940–1956)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250536050">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header{background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">DuMont Television Network</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="ib-tv-channel-logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuMont.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DuMont.svg/250px-DuMont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DuMont.svg/375px-DuMont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DuMont.svg/500px-DuMont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Laboratories" title="DuMont Laboratories">Allen B. DuMont Laboratories</a><sup id="cite_ref-allenbdumontlabs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allenbdumontlabs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Goldsmith,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.">Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">vice president</a>; director of research)<br />Mortimer Loewi (financial consultant)<br />Ted Bergmann (director of sales, 1951–1953; <a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">general manager</a>, 1953–1955)<br />Lawrence Phillips (director of broadcasting)<br />Chris Witting (director of broadcasting)<br />Tom Gallery (director of sales)<br />Don McGannon (general manager of O&Os)<br />James Caddigan (director of programming and production)<br />Paul Raibourn (executive vice president, Paramount; Paramount liaison)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">April 13, 1940<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1940-04-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">August 15, 1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1946-08-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_B._DuMont" title="Allen B. DuMont">Allen B. DuMont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">August 6, 1956<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1956-08-06</span>)</span><br />(9 years, 357 days)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>DuMont Television Network</b> (also the <b>DuMont Network</b>, <b>DuMont Television</b>, <b>DuMont</b>/<b>Du Mont</b>, or (incorrectly) <b>Dumont</b><sup id="cite_ref-name_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>) was one of America's pioneer commercial <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television networks</a>, rivaling <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> for the distinction of being first overall in the United States. It was owned by <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Laboratories" title="DuMont Laboratories">Allen B. DuMont Laboratories</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-allenbdumontlabs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allenbdumontlabs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a television equipment and television set manufacturer. DuMont was founded in 1940 and began operation on August 15, 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200416_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200416-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The network was hindered by the cost of <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a>, a freeze on new television stations in 1948 by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even the company's partner, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>. Despite innovations in broadcasting, and launching one of television's biggest stars of the 1950s—<a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>—the network never reached solid finances. Forced to expand on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> channels when UHF tuning was not yet standard on television sets, DuMont fought an uphill battle for program clearance outside its three owned-and-operated stations: <a href="/wiki/WNYW" title="WNYW">WABD</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/WTTG" title="WTTG">WTTG</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">WDTV</a> <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, ultimately ending network operations on August 6, 1956, leaving three main networks other than <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a>, until the founding of <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> in 1986. </p><p>DuMont's obscurity, caused mainly by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_DuMont_Television_Network_broadcasts" title="List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts">destruction of its extensive program archive</a> by the 1970s, has prompted TV historian David Weinstein to refer to it as the "forgotten network".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vii_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vii-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few popular DuMont programs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jackie_Gleason_Show" title="The Jackie Gleason Show">Cavalcade of Stars</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> winner <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Worth_Living" title="Life Is Worth Living">Life Is Worth Living</a></i>, appear in television <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">retrospectives</a> or are mentioned briefly in books about U.S. television history. In addition, a collection of programs and promos is available on the <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> streaming channel under the DuMont name. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png/300px-DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png/450px-DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png/600px-DuMont_Affiliates_1949.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>DuMont programs aired in 32 cities by 1949. The live <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a> feed stretched from Boston to St. Louis. Other stations received programs via <a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">kinescope</a> recordings.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Laboratories" title="DuMont Laboratories">Allen B. DuMont Laboratories</a> was founded in 1931 by <a href="/wiki/Allen_B._DuMont" title="Allen B. DuMont">Allen B. DuMont</a> with $1,000 from a laboratory in his basement. He and his staff were responsible for early technical innovations like the first consumer <a href="/wiki/History_of_television#Electronic_television" title="History of television">electronic television receiver</a> in 1938. Their most revolutionary contribution came when the team extended the life of a <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> from 24 to 1,000 hours, making television sets practical for consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's television receivers soon became the standard of the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-RWPDTV_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWPDTV-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, DuMont worked with the U.S. Army in developing <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. This brought in $5 million for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch2002_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch2002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early sales of television receivers were hampered by the lack of regularly scheduled programming. A few months after selling his first set in 1938, DuMont opened his own New York-area television station (W2XVT) in <a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic, New Jersey</a>. In 1940, the station moved to Manhattan as W2XWV on channel 4 and commenced broadcasting on April 13, 1940.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, which reduced their television broadcasting during World War II, DuMont continued experimental and commercial broadcasts throughout the war. In 1944, W2XWV received its commercial license, the third in New York, under the call letters <a href="/wiki/WABD-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WABD-TV">WABD</a> (derived from DuMont's initials). In 1945, it moved to channel 5. On May 19, 1945, DuMont opened experimental W3XWT in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> which became commercial station <a href="/wiki/WTTG" title="WTTG">WTTG</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> became a minority shareholder in DuMont Laboratories when it advanced $400,000 in 1939 for a 40% share in the company.<sup id="cite_ref-WT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DTOFTN_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTOFTN-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paramount had television interests of its own, having launched stations in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 1939 and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> in 1940. DuMont's association with Paramount would later come back to haunt DuMont.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RTDNACSA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTDNACSA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail,_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/%22DUMONT%22_%22First_with_the_Finest_in_Television%22_art_detail%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>"DUMONT First with the Finest in Television" 1951 <a href="/wiki/Matchbook" title="Matchbook">Matchbook</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after his experimental Washington station <a href="/wiki/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Sign-on and sign-off">signed on</a>, DuMont began experimental <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a> hookups between his laboratories in Passaic and his two stations. It is said that one of those broadcasts on the hookup announced that the U.S. had dropped an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, Japan, on August 9, 1945. This was later considered the official beginning of the DuMont Network by both <a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Goldsmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas T. Goldsmith">Thomas T. Goldsmith</a>, the network's chief engineer and DuMont's best friend, and DuMont himself.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular network service began on August 15, 1946, on WABD and W3XWT. In November 1946, W3XWT was granted a commercial license, the capital's first, as <a href="/wiki/WTTG" title="WTTG">WTTG</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named after Goldsmith. These two DuMont <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> were joined by <a href="/wiki/WDTV_(Pittsburgh)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDTV (Pittsburgh)">WDTV</a> (channel 3) in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> on January 11, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although NBC in New York had station-to-station television links as early as 1940 with WPTZ (<a href="/wiki/KYW-TV" title="KYW-TV">KYW</a>) in Philadelphia and <a href="/wiki/WRGB" title="WRGB">WRGB</a> in <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady, New York</a>, DuMont received its <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">station licenses</a> before NBC resumed its previously sporadic network broadcasts after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> had just come into existence as a radio network in 1943 and did not enter network television until 1948 when its flagship station in New York City, WJZ-TV (<a href="/wiki/WABC-TV" title="WABC-TV">WABC-TV</a>), began broadcasting. CBS also waited until 1948 to begin network operations, because it was waiting for the Federal Communications Commission to approve its color television system (which it eventually did not, due to its mechanical nature and incompatibility with black and white receivers). Other companies, including <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Network" title="Yankee Network">Yankee Network</a>, and Paramount, were interested in starting television networks, but were prevented from doing so by restrictive FCC regulations, although the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a> had limited success in network operations in the late 1940s and early 1950s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming">Programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocky_King_Detective_DuMont_Television_Network.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rocky_King_Detective_DuMont_Television_Network.JPG/220px-Rocky_King_Detective_DuMont_Television_Network.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Rocky_King_Detective_DuMont_Television_Network.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Still from <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_King,_Inside_Detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky King, Inside Detective">Rocky King, Inside Detective</a></i>, one of DuMont's most popular programs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite no history of radio programming, no stable of radio stars to draw on, and perennial cash shortages, DuMont was an innovative and creative network.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDTMOBC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDTMOBC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without the radio revenues that supported mighty NBC and CBS, DuMont programmers relied on their wits and on connections with <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200446,_94_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200446,_94-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Unverified descriptions (February 2024)">peacock prose</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The network largely ignored the standard business model of 1950s TV, in which one advertiser sponsored an entire show, enabling it to have complete control over its content. Instead, DuMont sold <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">commercials</a> to several different advertisers, freeing producers of its shows from the veto power held by sole sponsors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200443_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200443-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This eventually became the standard model for U.S. television. Some commercial time was sold regionally on a co-op basis, while other spots were sold network-wide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>DuMont also holds another important place in American TV history. WDTV's sign-on made it possible for stations in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> to receive live network programming from stations on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-GAOPT_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAOPT-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before then, the networks relied on separate regional networks in the two time zones for live programming, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> received network programming from <a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">kinescopes</a> (films shot directly from live television screens) originating from the East Coast. On January 11, 1949, the coaxial cable linking East and Midwest (known in television circles as "the Golden Spike", in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Golden_spike" title="Golden spike">golden spike</a> that united the <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a>) was activated. The ceremony, hosted by DuMont and WDTV, was carried on all four networks.<sup id="cite_ref-RWFT_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWFT-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WGN-TV" title="WGN-TV">WGN-TV</a> (channel 9) in Chicago and WABD in New York were able to share programs through a live coaxial cable feed when WDTV signed on in Pittsburgh, because the station completed the East Coast-to-Midwest chain, allowing stations in both regions to air the same program simultaneously, which is still the standard for US TV. It was another two years before the West Coast got live programming from the East (and the East able to get live programming from the West), but this was the beginning of the modern era of network television.<sup id="cite_ref-ATT_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATT-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG/220px-DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG/330px-DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG/440px-DuMont_television_network_WDTV_broadcast_1952.JPG 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>WDTV broadcast of <i>We, the People</i> on April 18, 1952. The guest is <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> player <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bevens" title="Bill Bevens">Bill Bevens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG/220px-Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG/330px-Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG/440px-Benny_Goodman_Star_Time_DuMont_Network.JPG 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> and his band on the DuMont show <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Time_(TV_series)" title="Star Time (TV series)">Star Time</a></i>, circa 1950.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The first broadcasts came from DuMont's <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Building" title="DuMont Building">515 Madison Avenue</a> headquarters. It soon found additional space, including a fully functioning theater, in the New York branch of <a href="/wiki/Wanamaker%27s" title="Wanamaker's">Wanamaker's</a> department store at Ninth Street and Broadway.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, a lease on the <a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelphi Theatre (New York)">Adelphi Theatre</a> on <a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Ambassador Theatre (New York City)">Ambassador Theatre</a> on West 49th Street gave the network a site for variety shows. In 1954, the lavish DuMont Tele-Centre opened in the former <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ruppert" title="Jacob Ruppert">Jacob Ruppert</a>'s Central Opera House at 205 East 67th Street, today the site of the Fox Television Center and home of WABD successor station WNYW.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont was the first network to broadcast a film production for TV: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk_Fast,_Mister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk Fast, Mister (page does not exist)">Talk Fast, Mister</a></i>, produced by <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO</a> in 1944. DuMont also aired the first TV <a href="/wiki/Situation_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Situation comedy">situation comedy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kay_and_Johnny" title="Mary Kay and Johnny">Mary Kay and Johnny</a></i>, as well as the first network-televised <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Faraway_Hill" title="Faraway Hill">Faraway Hill</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalcade of Stars">Cavalcade of Stars</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Variety_show" title="Variety show">variety show</a> hosted by <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>, was the birthplace of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Honeymooners" title="The Honeymooners">The Honeymooners</a></i> skits (Gleason took his variety show to CBS in 1952, but filmed the <a href="/wiki/The_Honeymooners#The_"Classic_39"_episodes" title="The Honeymooners">"Classic 39"</a> Honeymooners episodes at DuMont's Adelphi Theater studio in 1955–56). Bishop <a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton J. Sheen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">devotional program</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Worth_Living" title="Life Is Worth Living">Life Is Worth Living</a></i> went up against <a href="/wiki/Milton_Berle" title="Milton Berle">Milton Berle</a> in many cities, becoming the first show to compete successfully in the ratings against "Mr. Television". In 1952, Sheen won an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for "Most Outstanding Personality".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network's other notable programs include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ted_Mack_(radio-TV_host)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ted Mack (radio-TV host)">Ted Mack</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Original_Amateur_Hour" title="The Original Amateur Hour">The Original Amateur Hour</a></i>, which began on radio in the 1930s under original host <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bowes" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bowes">Edward Bowes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Morey_Amsterdam_Show" title="The Morey Amsterdam Show">The Morey Amsterdam Show</a></i>, a comedy/variety show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Morey_Amsterdam" title="Morey Amsterdam">Morey Amsterdam</a>, which started on CBS before moving to DuMont in 1949</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Video_and_His_Video_Rangers" title="Captain Video and His Video Rangers">Captain Video and His Video Rangers</a></i>, a hugely popular children's <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> series<sup id="cite_ref-RR_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weinstein_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arthur_Murray_Party" title="The Arthur Murray Party">The Arthur Murray Party</a></i>, a dance program</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Down_You_Go" title="Down You Go">Down You Go</a></i>, a popular panel show</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_King,_Inside_Detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky King, Inside Detective">Rocky King, Inside Detective</a></i>, a private eye series starring <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Karns" title="Roscoe Karns">Roscoe Karns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plainclothesman" title="The Plainclothesman">The Plainclothesman</a></i>, a camera's-eye-view detective series</li> <li>Live coverage of <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a>, the latter featuring matches staged by <a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Alliance" title="National Wrestling Alliance">National Wrestling Alliance</a> member <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kohler_Enterprises" title="Fred Kohler Enterprises">Fred Kohler Enterprises</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> under the name <i><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_from_Marigold" title="Wrestling from Marigold">Wrestling from Marigold Arena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_Science_Review" title="The Johns Hopkins Science Review">The Johns Hopkins Science Review</a></i>, a Peabody Award-winning education program</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cash_and_Carry_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash and Carry (TV series)">Cash and Carry</a></i>, the first network-televised <a href="/wiki/Game_show" title="Game show">game show</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ernie_Kovacs_Show" title="The Ernie Kovacs Show">The Ernie Kovacs Show</a></i>, a comedy show hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs" title="Ernie Kovacs">Ernie Kovacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Cottage_(TV_series)" title="The Magic Cottage (TV series)"><i>The Magic Cottage</i></a>, a children's show starring artist Patricia Meikle</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goldbergs_(broadcast_series)" title="The Goldbergs (broadcast series)">The Goldbergs</a>,</i> a warm look at an immigrant Jewish family in New York City, starring its creator and writer <i><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Berg" title="Gertrude Berg">Gertrude Berg</a></i></li></ul> <p>The network was a pioneer in TV programming aimed at minority audiences and featuring minority performers, at a time when the other American networks aired few television series for non-whites. Among DuMont's minority programs were <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gallery_of_Madame_Liu-Tsong" title="The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong">The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong</a></i>, starring film actress <a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Anna May Wong</a>, the first U.S. TV show to star an Asian American person;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hazel_Scott_Show" title="The Hazel Scott Show">The Hazel Scott Show</a></i>, starring pianist and singer <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Scott" title="Hazel Scott">Hazel Scott</a>, the first U.S. network TV series to be hosted by a <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Brooks_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brooks-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McNeil4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although DuMont's programming pre-dated <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a>, many DuMont offerings were recorded on kinescopes. These kinescopes were said to be stored in a warehouse until the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actress <a href="/wiki/Edie_Adams" title="Edie Adams">Edie Adams</a>, the wife of comedian <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs" title="Ernie Kovacs">Ernie Kovacs</a> (both regular performers on early television) testified in 1996 before a panel of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> on the preservation of television and video. Adams claimed that so little value was given to these films that the stored kinescopes were loaded into three trucks and dumped into <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, a number of DuMont programs survive at <a href="/wiki/The_Paley_Center_for_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="The Paley Center for Media">The Paley Center for Media</a> in New York, the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Film_and_Television_Archive" title="UCLA Film and Television Archive">UCLA Film and Television Archive</a> in Los Angeles, in the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Awards</a> Collection at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Broadcast_Communications" title="Museum of Broadcast Communications">Museum of Broadcast Communications</a> in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although nearly the entire DuMont film archive was destroyed, several surviving DuMont shows have been released on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>. Much of what survived was either never properly copyrighted (live telecasts, because they were not set on a fixed medium, were not eligible for copyright at the time, although films of those telecasts could if they contained a proper copyright notice) or lapsed into the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the late 1970s when DuMont's successor-company <a href="/wiki/Metromedia" title="Metromedia">Metromedia</a> declined to renew the copyrights. A large number of episodes of <i>Life Is Worth Living</i> have been saved, and they are now aired weekly on <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a>-oriented cable network, the <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">Eternal Word Television Network</a>, which also makes a collection of them available on DVD (in the biographical information about Fulton J. Sheen added to the end of many episodes, a still image of Bishop Sheen looking into a DuMont Television camera can be seen). Several companies that distribute DVDs over the Internet have released a small number of episodes of <i>Cavalcade of Stars</i> and <i>The Morey Amsterdam Show</i>. Two more DuMont programs, <i>Captain Video and His Video Rangers</i> and <i>Rocky King, Inside Detective</i>, have had a small number of surviving episodes released commercially by at least one major distributor of public domain programming. Because so few episodes remain of most DuMont series, they are seldom rerun, even though there is no licensing cost to do so. There also is a small collection of various DuMont programs available via the <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> streaming service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Awards">Awards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DuMont programs were by necessity low-budget affairs, and the network received relatively few awards from the TV industry. Most awards during the 1950s went to NBC and CBS, who were able to out-spend other companies and draw on their extensive history of radio broadcasting in the relatively new television medium. </p><p>During the 1952–53 TV season, the aforementioned Bishop Sheen won an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for <i>Most Outstanding Personality</i>. Sheen beat out three CBS nominees -- <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey" title="Arthur Godfrey">Arthur Godfrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> -- for the honors. Sheen also was nominated for Public Service Emmys in 1952, 1953, and 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinstein2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont received an Emmy nomination for <i><a href="/wiki/Down_You_Go" title="Down You Go">Down You Go</a></i>, a popular game show during the 1952–53 television season (in the category <i>Best Audience Participation, Quiz, or Panel Program</i>). The network was nominated twice for <a href="/wiki/NFL_on_DuMont" title="NFL on DuMont">its coverage of professional football</a> during the 1953–54 and 1954–55 television seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-ATAS_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATAS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_Science_Review" title="The Johns Hopkins Science Review">The Johns Hopkins Science Review</a></i>, a DuMont <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">public affairs</a> program, was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> in 1952 in the Education category. Sheen's Emmy and the <i>Science Review</i> Peabody were the only national awards the DuMont Network received.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil3_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil3-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though DuMont series and performers continued to win local TV awards, by the mid-1950s the DuMont network no longer had a national presence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ratings">Ratings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: .46em 0 0 .2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #D3CD8B; color: black;" colspan="5">Videodex 62 City Ratings </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #C9CAC8; color: black; text-align: center;" colspan="5"><b>First week of August 1950</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Series </th> <th>Network </th> <th># of cities </th> <th>% TV homes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Toast_of_the_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Toast of the Town">Toast of the Town</a></i> </td> <td>CBS </td> <td>34 </td> <td>37.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Music_(American_game_show)" title="Stop the Music (American game show)">Stop the Music</a></i> </td> <td>ABC </td> <td>50 </td> <td>28.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kraft_TV_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft TV Theater">Kraft TV Theater</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>34 </td> <td>27.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Star_Revue" title="Ford Star Revue">Ford Star Revue</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>45 </td> <td>26.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garry_Moore_Show" title="The Garry Moore Show">The Garry Moore Show</a></i> </td> <td>CBS </td> <td>19 </td> <td>26.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Story_(radio/TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Big Story (radio/TV)">The Big Story</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>32 </td> <td>25.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Amateur_Hour" title="The Original Amateur Hour">The Original Amateur Hour</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>54 </td> <td>25.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Break_the_Bank_(1948_game_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break the Bank (1948 game show)">Break the Bank</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>42 </td> <td>24.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lone_Ranger_(TV_series)" title="The Lone Ranger (TV series)">The Lone Ranger</a></i> </td> <td>ABC </td> <td>39 </td> <td>23.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Hit_Parade" title="Your Hit Parade">Your Hit Parade</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>18 </td> <td>23.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:green;"> 11 </span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalcade of Stars"><span style="color:green">Cavalcade of Stars</span></a></i> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> DuMont </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> 20 </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> 22.2 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mama_(American_TV_series)" title="Mama (American TV series)">Mama</a></i> </td> <td>CBS </td> <td>16 </td> <td>22.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:green;"> 13 </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> <i>Wrestling</i> </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> DuMont </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> 15 </span> </td> <td><span style="color:green;"> 21.4 </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Clock" title="Beat the Clock">Beat the Clock</a></i> </td> <td>CBS </td> <td>33 </td> <td>20.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_Playhouse" title="Masterpiece Playhouse">Masterpiece Playhouse</a></i> </td> <td>NBC </td> <td>32 </td> <td>19.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The earliest measurements of TV audiences were performed by the <a href="/wiki/C._E._Hooper" title="C. E. Hooper">C. E. Hooper</a> company of New York. DuMont performed well in the Hooper ratings; in fact, DuMont's talent program, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Original_Amateur_Hour,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Original Amateur Hour, (page does not exist)"><i>The Original Amateur Hour</i>,</a> was the most popular series of the 1947–48 season.<sup id="cite_ref-CTTDN_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two seasons later, <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> ranked DuMont's popular variety series <i>Cavalcade of Stars</i> as the 10th most popular series.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1950, Hooper's competitor <a href="/wiki/ACNielsen" class="mw-redirect" title="ACNielsen">A. C. Nielsen</a> bought out the Hooper ratings system. DuMont did not fare well with the change: none of its shows appeared on Nielsen's annual top 20 lists of the most popular series.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned <i>Life is Worth Living</i> did receive Nielsen ratings of up to 11.1, meaning that it attracted more than 10 million viewers. Bishop Sheen's one-man program – in which he discussed philosophy, psychology, and other fields of thought from a Christian perspective – was the most widely viewed religious series in the history of television. 169 local television stations aired <i>Life</i>, and for three years the program competed successfully against NBC's popular <i><a href="/wiki/The_Milton_Berle_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Milton Berle Show">The Milton Berle Show</a></i>. The ABC and CBS programs that aired in the same timeslot were canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinstein2_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Life is Worth Living</i> was not the only DuMont program to achieve double-digit ratings. In 1952, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine reported that popular DuMont game show <i>Down You Go</i> had attracted an audience estimated at 16 million viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, DuMont's summer 1954 replacement series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Goldbergs_(broadcast_series)" title="The Goldbergs (broadcast series)">The Goldbergs</a></i>, achieved audiences estimated at 10 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Still, these series were only moderately popular compared to NBC's and CBS's highest-rated programs. </p><p>Nielsen was not the only company to report TV ratings. Companies such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trendex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trendex (page does not exist)">Trendex</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Videodex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Videodex (page does not exist)">Videodex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a> had also measured TV viewership. The chart in this section comes from Videodex's August 1950 ratings breakdown, as reported in <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-billboard1950_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billboard1950-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disputes_with_AT&T_and_Paramount"><span id="Disputes_with_AT.26T_and_Paramount"></span>Disputes with AT&T and Paramount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disputes with AT&T and Paramount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DuMont struggled to get its programs aired in many parts of the country, in part due to technical limitations of network lines maintained by telephone company <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T Corporation</a>. During the 1940s and 1950s, television signals were sent between stations via <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a> links owned by AT&T. The service provider did not have enough circuits to provide signal relay service from the four networks to all of their affiliates at the same time, so AT&T allocated times when each network could offer live programs to its affiliates. In 1950, AT&T allotted NBC and CBS each over 100 hours of live <a href="/wiki/Prime_time" title="Prime time">prime time</a> network service, but gave ABC 53 hours, and DuMont 37. AT&T also required each television network to lease both radio and television lines. DuMont was the only television network without a radio network, so it was the only network forced to pay for a service it did not use. DuMont protested AT&T's actions with the Federal Communications Commission, and eventually reached a compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-Auter_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auter-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont's biggest corporate hurdle may have been with the company's own partner, Paramount. Relations between the two companies were strained as early as 1939 when Paramount opened experimental television stations in Los Angeles and Chicago without DuMont's involvement. Dr. DuMont claimed that the original 1937 acquisition proposal required Paramount to expand its television interests "through DuMont". Paramount representative Paul Raibourn, who also was a member of DuMont's board of directors, denied that any such restriction had ever been discussed, but Dr. DuMont was vindicated by a 1953 examination of the original draft document.<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont aspired to grow beyond its three stations, applying for new television station licenses in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Hess2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would have given the network five <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> (O&Os), the maximum allowed by the FCC at the time. However, DuMont was hampered by Paramount's two stations -- <a href="/wiki/KTLA" title="KTLA">KTLA</a> (channel 5) in Los Angeles and WBKB (channel 4, now <a href="/wiki/WBBM-TV" title="WBBM-TV">WBBM-TV</a> on channel 2) in Chicago – the descendants of the two experimental stations that rankled DuMont in 1940. Although these stations generally did not carry DuMont programming (KTLA did for just one year, 1947 to 1948), and, in fact, competed against DuMont's affiliates in those cities the FCC ruled that Paramount essentially controlled DuMont, which effectively placed the network at the five-station cap.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paramount's exertion of influence over the network's management and the power of its voting stock led the FCC to its conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, DuMont was unable to open additional stations as long as Paramount owned stations or owned a portion of DuMont. Paramount refused to sell. </p><p>In 1949, Paramount Pictures launched the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a>, a service that provided local television stations with filmed television programs. Paramount's network "undercut the company that it had invested in."<sup id="cite_ref-Auter_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auter-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paramount did not share its stars, big budgets, or filmed programs with DuMont; the company had stopped financially supporting DuMont in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Auter_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auter-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Paramount executives indicated they would produce programs for DuMont, the studio never supplied the network with programs or technical assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-White3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acrimonious relationship between Paramount and DuMont climaxed during the 1953 FCC hearings regarding the ABC–<a href="/wiki/United_Paramount_Theaters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Paramount Theaters">United Paramount Theaters</a> merger when Paul Raibourn, an executive at Paramount, publicly derided the quality of DuMont television sets in court testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-White_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_troubles">Early troubles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early troubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dumont-building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dumont-building.jpg/220px-Dumont-building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dumont-building.jpg/330px-Dumont-building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dumont-building.jpg/440px-Dumont-building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Building" title="DuMont Building">DuMont Building</a> at 515 Madison Avenue in New York, with the original WABD broadcast tower still standing, April 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>DuMont began with one basic disadvantage: unlike NBC, CBS and ABC, it did not have a radio network from which to draw big-name talent, affiliate loyalty, or radio profits to underwrite television operations until the television medium itself became profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-ABDTMOBC2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABDTMOBC2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most early television licenses were granted to established radio broadcasters, and many longtime relationships with radio networks carried over to the new medium. As CBS and NBC (and to a lesser extent, ABC) gained their footing, they began to offer programming that drew on their radio backgrounds, bringing over the most popular radio stars. Early television station owners, when deciding which network would receive their main affiliation, were more likely to choose CBS's roster of Lucille Ball, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan" title="Ed Sullivan">Ed Sullivan</a>, or NBC's lineup of <a href="/wiki/Milton_Berle" title="Milton Berle">Milton Berle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sid_Caesar" title="Sid Caesar">Sid Caesar</a>, over DuMont, which offered a then-unknown Jackie Gleason and Bishop <a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton J. Sheen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CTTDN_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In smaller markets, with a limited number of stations, DuMont and ABC were often relegated to secondary status, so their programs got clearance only if the primary network was off the air or delayed via <a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">kinescope</a> recording ("tele-transcriptions," in DuMont parlance).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Adding to DuMont's troubles was the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission#Freeze_of_1948" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC's 1948 "freeze" on television license applications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CTTDN_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done to sort out the thousands of applications that had come streaming in, but also to rethink the allocation and technical standards laid down prior to World War II. It became clear soon after the war that 12 channels ("<a href="/wiki/Channel_1_(NTSC-M)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 1 (NTSC-M)">channel 1</a>" had been removed from television broadcasting in 1948 for allocation to land-mobile radio) were not nearly enough for national television service. What was to be a six-month freeze lasted until 1952, when the FCC opened the <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> spectrum. The FCC, however, did not require television manufacturers to include UHF capability.<sup id="cite_ref-RTDNACSA_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTDNACSA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To see UHF stations, most consumers had to buy expensive <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">converters</a>. Even then, the picture quality was marginal at best, depending on geographic location. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see also: <a href="/wiki/UHF_television_broadcasting#UHF_reception_issues" title="UHF television broadcasting">UHF television broadcasting § UHF reception issues</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingram6_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram6-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tied to this was a decision to restrict <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> allocations in medium- and smaller-sized markets. Meanwhile, television sets would not be <i>required</i> to have <a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">all-channel tuning</a> until 1964, with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forced to rely on UHF to expand, DuMont saw one station after another go dark due to dismal ratings.<sup id="cite_ref-CTTDN_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It bought small, distressed UHF station <a href="/wiki/KCTY_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="KCTY (defunct)">KCTY</a> (channel 25) in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, in 1954, but ran it for just three months before shutting it down at a considerable loss<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after attempting to compete with three established VHF stations.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann6_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann6-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FCC's Hyman H. Goldin said in 1960, "If there had been four VHF outlets in the top markets, there's no question DuMont would have lived and would have eventually turned the corner in terms of profitability."<sup id="cite_ref-AHSOTDTN_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHSOTDTN-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_the_end_of_the_network">Decline and the end of the network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline and the end of the network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the early years of television, there was some measure of cooperation among the four major U.S. networks. However, as television grew into a profitable business, an intense rivalry developed among the networks, just as it had in radio. NBC and CBS competed fiercely for viewers and advertising dollars, a contest neither underfunded DuMont nor ABC could hope to win. According to author Dennis Mazzocco, "NBC tried to make an arrangement with ABC and CBS to destroy the DuMont network." The plan was for NBC and CBS to exclusively offer ABC their most popular series after they had aired on the bigger networks. ABC would become a network of re-runs, but DuMont would be shut out. ABC president <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Goldenson" title="Leonard Goldenson">Leonard Goldenson</a> rejected NBC executive <a href="/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>'s proposal, but did not report it to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOP_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont survived the early 1950s only because of WDTV in Pittsburgh, the lone commercial VHF station in what then was the sixth-largest market in the country after New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Washington. WDTV's only competition came from UHF stations <a href="/wiki/WENS_(TV)" title="WENS (TV)">WENS-TV</a> (on the frequency now occupied by <a href="/wiki/WINP-TV" title="WINP-TV">WINP-TV</a>) and WKJF-TV (now <a href="/wiki/WPGH-TV" title="WPGH-TV">WPGH-TV</a>) and distant stations from <a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown, Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown, Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There also were external factors such as the FCC's freeze on licenses and intense competition for the remaining VHF licenses in Pittsburgh, including WENS-TV appealing the FCC's granting of the channel 11 license that was eventually affirmed for WIIC-TV (now <a href="/wiki/WPXI" title="WPXI">WPXI</a>), the battle between the <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Communications" title="Hearst Communications">Hearst Corporation</a> (then-owners of <a href="/wiki/WPGP" title="WPGP">WCAE</a>) and <a href="/wiki/KQV" title="KQV">KQV</a> over the channel 4 license that eventually would become <a href="/wiki/WTAE-TV" title="WTAE-TV">WTAE-TV</a>, and -- perhaps the most impactful one to DuMont's future -- locally-based <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a> (owners of radio pioneer <a href="/wiki/KDKA_(AM)" title="KDKA (AM)">KDKA</a>) battling with local interest groups for the channel 13 license that was intended to be a <a href="/wiki/Public_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Public television">non-commercial</a> license. The FCC also denied CBS's request to be granted the <a href="/wiki/WTOV-TV" title="WTOV-TV">channel 9 allocation</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Steubenville,_Ohio" title="Steubenville, Ohio">Steubenville, Ohio</a>, and move it to Pittsburgh so Steubenville had a chance to have its own television station. As a result, no other commercial VHF station signed on in Pittsburgh until WIIC-TV in 1957, giving WDTV a de facto monopoly on television in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-PARAT_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PARAT-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since WDTV carried secondary affiliations with the other three networks, DuMont used this as a bargaining chip to get its programs cleared in other large markets.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WT2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WT2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL,_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/%22DUMONT_TELEVISION%22_ART_DETAIL%2C_1951_-_Chas_L_Bell_Company_-_Matchbook_-_Allentown_PA_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>"DUMONT TELEVISION" art on a 1951 Matchbook.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite its severe financial straits, by 1953 DuMont appeared to be on its way to establishing itself as the third national network.<sup id="cite_ref-Brooks_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brooks-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RC2YDMS_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC2YDMS-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite a smaller footprint than ABC. While DuMont programs aired live on 16 stations, the network could count on only seven primary stations – its three <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> ("O&Os) plus WGN-TV in Chicago, <a href="/wiki/KTTV" title="KTTV">KTTV</a> (channel 11) in Los Angeles, KFEL-TV (channel 2, now <a href="/wiki/KWGN-TV" title="KWGN-TV">KWGN-TV</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, and WTVN-TV (channel 6, now <a href="/wiki/WSYX" title="WSYX">WSYX</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>. </p><p>In contrast, by 1953 ABC had a full complement of five O&Os, augmented by nine primary affiliates.<sup id="cite_ref-CTAC_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTAC-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ABC also had a radio network descended from NBC's <a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a> from which to draw talent, affiliate loyalty, and generate income to subsidize television operations.<sup id="cite_ref-CTTDN_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, ABC had only 14 primary stations, while CBS and NBC had over 40 each. By 1951, ABC was badly overextended and on the verge of bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldenson_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldenson-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the company announced a merger with <a href="/wiki/United_Paramount_Theaters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Paramount Theaters">United Paramount Theaters</a> (UPT) (the former theater division of Paramount Pictures, which was spun off as a result of the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Paramount_Pictures,_Inc." title="United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.">United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.</a></i> antitrust decision), but it was not until 1953 that the FCC approved the merger.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By this time, DuMont had begun to <a href="/wiki/Product_differentiation" title="Product differentiation">differentiate</a> itself from NBC and CBS. It allowed its advertisers to choose the locations where their advertising ran, potentially saving them millions of dollars. By contrast, ABC followed NBC's and CBS's practice of forcing advertisers to purchase a large "must-buy" list of stations, even though it was only a fourth the size of NBC and CBS.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann7_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann7-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ABC's fortunes were dramatically altered in February 1953, when the FCC cleared the way for UPT to buy the network. The merger provided ABC with a badly needed cash infusion, giving it the resources to mount "top shelf" programming and to provide a national television service on a scale approaching that of CBS and NBC.<sup id="cite_ref-50AA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50AA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through UPT president <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Goldenson" title="Leonard Goldenson">Leonard Goldenson</a>, ABC also gained ties with the Hollywood studios that more than matched those DuMont's producers had with Broadway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Realizing that ABC had more resources than they could even begin to match, DuMont officials were receptive to a merger offer from ABC. Goldenson quickly brokered a deal with Ted Bergmann, DuMont's managing director, under which the merged network would have been called "ABC-DuMont" until at least 1958 and would have honored all of DuMont's network commitments. In return, DuMont would get $5 million in cash, guaranteed advertising time for DuMont sets, and a secure future for its staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A merged ABC-DuMont would have been an entity rivaling CBS and NBC, as it would have owned stations in five of the six largest U.S. television markets (excluding only Philadelphia) as well as ABC's radio network. It also would have inherited DuMont's de facto monopoly in Pittsburgh and would have been one of two networks, along with NBC, to have full ownership of a station in the nation's capital. However, it would have had to sell a New York station – either DuMont's WABD or ABC's flagship WJZ-TV (channel 7, now <a href="/wiki/WABC-TV" title="WABC-TV">WABC-TV</a>), probably the former. It also would have had to sell two other stations – most likely ABC's two smallest O&Os, <a href="/wiki/WXYZ-TV" title="WXYZ-TV">WXYZ-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (both broadcasting on channel 7) – to get under the FCC's limit of five stations per owner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, Paramount vetoed the plan almost out of hand due to <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-RWPDTV_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWPDTV-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months earlier, the FCC had ruled that Paramount controlled DuMont, and there still were some questions about whether UPT had really separated from Paramount.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png/250px-Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png/375px-Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png/500px-Primary_Network_Affiliates_May_1954.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Table showing primary station affiliation for each of the four U.S. commercial television networks in 1954. DuMont had primary affiliation agreements with 39 stations in the largest markets, but most of these stations were poorly watched UHF stations.<sup id="cite_ref-DTNWH20_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTNWH20-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>With no other way to readily obtain cash, DuMont sold WDTV to Westinghouse for $9.75 million in late 1954, after Westinghouse decided to give public backing to the public interest groups for the channel 13 allocation in Pittsburgh, allowing the station to launch that spring as educational <a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this gave DuMont a short-term cash infusion, it eliminated the leverage the network had to get program clearances in other markets. Without its de facto monopoly in Pittsburgh, the company's advertising revenue shrank to less than half that of 1953. By February 1955, DuMont realized it could not continue as a television network.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann30_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann30-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was made to shut down network operations and operate WABD and WTTG as <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">independent stations</a>. </p><p>On April 1, 1955, most of DuMont's entertainment programs were dropped. Bishop Sheen aired his last program on DuMont on April 26 but later moved it to ABC.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil4_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May, just eight programs were left on the network, with only inexpensive shows and sporting events keeping the remains of the network going through the summer. The network also largely abandoned the use of the intercity network coaxial cable, on which it had spent $3 million in 1954 to transmit shows that mostly lacked station clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergmann3_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergmann3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company only retained network links for live sports programming and utilizing the company's <a href="/wiki/Electronicam" title="Electronicam">Electronicam</a> process to produce studio-based programming. Electronicam is best remembered for being used by Jackie Gleason's producers for the 39-half-hour episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Honeymooners" title="The Honeymooners">The Honeymooners</a></i> that aired on CBS during the 1955–56 television season.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In August 1955, Paramount, with the help of other stockholders, seized full control of DuMont Laboratories. Shareholders approved a split of the manufacturing and broadcasting operations of the company in August 1955, and the sponsored shows on the network were discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last non-sports program on DuMont, the game show <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_the_Story" title="What's the Story">What's the Story</a></i>, aired on September 23, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, DuMont's network feed was used only for occasional sporting events. The last broadcast on what was left of the DuMont Television Network, <a href="/wiki/Boxing_from_St._Nicholas_Arena" title="Boxing from St. Nicholas Arena">a boxing match</a>, aired on August 6, 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-BrooksandMarsh_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooksandMarsh-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The date has also been reported as September 1955,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> November 1957<sup id="cite_ref-thxgvg57_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thxgvg57-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or August 4, 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-Castleman_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castleman-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the last broadcast of <i>Monday Night Fights</i>.) According to one source, the final program aired on only five stations nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Castleman_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castleman-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears that the boxing show was syndicated to a few other east coast stations until 1958, but likely not as a production of DuMont or its successor company. Likewise, the remains of DuMont were used to syndicate a <a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school football</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football_on_Thanksgiving" title="American football on Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving game</a> in 1957; that telecast, the only DuMont broadcast to have been sent in color, was a personal project of Allen DuMont himself, whose hometown team in <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair, New Jersey</a>, was contending in the game for a state championship.<sup id="cite_ref-thxgvg57_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thxgvg57-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DuMont spun off WABD and WTTG as the DuMont Broadcasting Corporation; in requesting the FCC's approval of the reorganization, it told the commission that the network "could not be operated profitably under the existing system of allocation and control of television broadcast stations and affiliations".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was later changed to "Metropolitan Broadcasting Company" to distance the company from what was seen as a complete failure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch200285_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch200285-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, <a href="/wiki/John_Kluge" title="John Kluge">John Kluge</a> bought Paramount's shares for $4 million,<sup id="cite_ref-TH_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1961 renamed the company <a href="/wiki/Metromedia" title="Metromedia">Metromedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WABD became WNEW-TV and later <a href="/wiki/WNYW" title="WNYW">WNYW</a>. WTTG still broadcasts under its original <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call letters</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> affiliate. </p><p>For 50 years, DuMont was the only major broadcast television network to cease operations,<sup id="cite_ref-T_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until <a href="/wiki/CBS_Corporation" title="CBS Corporation">CBS Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a> merged two other struggling networks, <a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a>, in September 2006, to create <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW Television Network</a> – whose schedule was originally composed largely of programs from both of its predecessor networks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_revival_of_the_DuMont_brand">Failed revival of the DuMont brand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Failed revival of the DuMont brand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 22, 2018, Lightning One, Inc., owned by <a href="/wiki/Smashing_Pumpkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Smashing Pumpkins">Smashing Pumpkins</a> lead singer <a href="/wiki/Billy_Corgan" title="Billy Corgan">Billy Corgan</a>, filed a U.S. trademark application for "The Dumont Network."<sup id="cite_ref-dumonthistory_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumonthistory-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application by Lightning One was very likely associated with its ownership of the "National Wrestling Alliance" trademark, the moniker of one of the oldest wrestling promotions in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the registration filing, the trademark for "The Dumont Network" as owned by Lightning One was allowed to lapse on July 2, 2020, rendering the trademark dead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate_of_the_DuMont_stations">Fate of the DuMont stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fate of the DuMont stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All three DuMont-owned stations still are operating and are <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> of their respective networks, just as when they were part of DuMont. Of the three, only Washington's WTTG still has its original call letters.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WTTG and New York's WABD (later WNEW-TV, and now WNYW) survived as Metromedia-owned independents until 1986, when they were purchased by the <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corporation</a> to form the nucleus of the new <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox television network</a>. <a href="/wiki/Clarke_Ingram" title="Clarke Ingram">Clarke Ingram</a>, who maintained a DuMont memorial site, has suggested that Fox can be considered a revival, or at least a linear descendant, of DuMont.<sup id="cite_ref-DTNHWS_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTNHWS-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westinghouse changed WDTV's call letters to <a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">KDKA-TV</a> after the <a href="/wiki/KDKA_(AM)" title="KDKA (AM)">pioneering radio station</a> of the same name, and switched its primary affiliation to <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> immediately after the sale. Westinghouse's acquisition of CBS in 1995 made KDKA-TV a CBS owned-and-operated station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DuMont_programming_library">DuMont programming library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: DuMont programming library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DuMont produced more than 20,000 television episodes from 1946 to 1956. Because they were created prior to the <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> electronic <a href="/wiki/Videotape_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Videotape recorder">videotape recorder</a> in late 1956, they were broadcast live in black and white and recorded on film <a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">kinescope</a> for West Coast rebroadcast and reruns. By the early 1970s, their vast library of <a href="/wiki/35mm_movie_film" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm movie film">35mm</a> and <a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16mm</a> kinescopes wound up in the hands of "a successor network" (most likely Metromedia) that reportedly disposed of them in New York City's <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> to make warehouse space for videotapes.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some films submerged for decades have been successfully recovered (see <i><a href="/wiki/The_Carpet_from_Bagdad" title="The Carpet from Bagdad">The Carpet from Bagdad</a></i> for example), there have been no <a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">salvage-diving</a> efforts to locate or recover the DuMont archive. If it survived in that environment, the films have likely been damaged. Other kinescopes were put through a reclaiming process to recover the silver from the <a href="/wiki/Photo_emulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo emulsion">photo emulsion</a> on black-and-white film.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is estimated that only about 350 complete DuMont television shows survive, including seven early <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Honeymooners" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeymooners">Honeymooners</a></i> comedy sketches from 1951–1952. Most of the existing episodes are believed to have come from the personal archives of DuMont's hosts, such as the late Gleason and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_James" title="Dennis James">Dennis James</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliates">Affiliates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Affiliates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_DuMont_Television_Network_affiliates" title="List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates">List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg/250px-DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg/375px-DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg/500px-DuMont_Telecruiser_B-101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>A DuMont Telecruiser, circa 1953. This mobile TV unit, Model B, Serial Number 101, was built by DuMont Labs for <a href="/wiki/WFAA" title="WFAA">KBTV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. It was in use until the early 1970s.</figcaption></figure> <p>At its peak in 1954, DuMont was affiliated with around 200 television stations.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In those days, television stations were free to "cherry-pick" which programs they would air, and many stations affiliated with multiple networks, depending mainly on the number of commercial television stations available in a market at a given time (markets where only one commercial station was available carried programming from all four major networks). Many of DuMont's "affiliates" carried very little DuMont programming, choosing to air one or two more popular programs (such as <i>Life Is Worth Living</i>) and/or sports programming on the weekends. Few stations carried the full DuMont program lineup. For example, the promising <a href="/wiki/WKLO-TV" title="WKLO-TV">WKLO-TV</a> (UHF Ch. 21) in the growing Louisville, Kentucky/Indiana market had to split its time between DuMont and ABC-TV. The station lasted only seven months (September 1953 – April 1954) on the air.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In its later years, DuMont was carried mostly on poorly watched UHF channels or had only secondary affiliations on VHF stations. DuMont ended most operations on April 1, 1955, but honored network commitments until August 1956.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinescopes">Kinescopes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kinescopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kinescopes of DuMont Network programs, from the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Ellery_Queen_DuMont"><i>The Adventures of Ellery Queen</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/captainvideo"><i>Captain Video and His Video Rangers</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Cavalcade"><i>Cavalcade of Stars</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Life_Is_Worth_Living-Classic_TV"><i>Life Is Worth Living</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MissTelevision1950Contest"><i>Miss U.S. Television 1950 Contest</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moreyamsterdamshow"><i>The Morey Amsterdam Show</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/The_Old_American_Barndance_Show"><i>The Old American Barn Dance</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Okay_Mother"><i>Okay Mother</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onYourWay1954"><i>On Your Way</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PublicProsecutor-CaseOfTheManWhoWasntThere"><i>Public Prosecutor</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Rocky_King_Detective"><i>Rocky King — Detective</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolHouse1949"><i>School House</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheyStandAccused"><i>They Stand Accused</i></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DuMont_Network">A DuMont Network identification</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/17px-Fifties_jukebox.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/25px-Fifties_jukebox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/34px-Fifties_jukebox.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="493" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1950s" title="Portal:1950s">1950s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_television_network" title="Fourth television network">Fourth television network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Television" title="Golden Age of Television">Golden Age of Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_the_DuMont_Television_Network" title="List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network">List of DuMont programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_DuMont_Television_Network_broadcasts" title="List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts">List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_DuMont_Television_Network_affiliates" title="List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates">List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_DuMont" title="NFL on DuMont">NFL on DuMont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passaic:_Birthplace_of_Television_and_the_DuMont_Story" title="Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story">Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story</a></i> (1951 TV special on history of DuMont)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-name-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name of the network has been spelled both "DuMont" and "Du Mont". "Dumont" and "DUMONT" are generally considered incorrect. Weinstein (2004) uses "DuMont" for the name of the network. Bergmann (2002) prefers "Du Mont".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the purposes of this article, the Weinstein spelling is used. (The name was pronounced on-air to sound like DOO-mont, with an accent on the "Du".)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBergmannSkutch2002" class="citation book cs1">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4270-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4270-0"><bdi>978-0-8108-4270-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+DuMont+Television+Network%3A+What+Happened%3F&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4270-0&rft.aulast=Bergmann&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.au=Skutch%2C+Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarvin2005" class="citation web cs1">Garvin, Glenn (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reason.com/archives/2005/03/01/who-killed-captain-vide">"Who Killed Captain Video? How the FCC strangled a TV pioneer"</a>. Reason Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Killed+Captain+Video%3F+How+the+FCC+strangled+a+TV+pioneer&rft.pub=Reason+Online&rft.date=2005-03&rft.aulast=Garvin&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reason.com%2Farchives%2F2005%2F03%2F01%2Fwho-killed-captain-vide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess1979" class="citation book cs1">Hess, Gary Newton (1979). <i>An Historical Study of the DuMont Television Network</i>. New York: Ayer Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-11758-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-11758-9"><bdi>978-0-405-11758-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Study+of+the+DuMont+Television+Network&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-405-11758-9&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Gary+Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2002" class="citation web cs1">Ingram, C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dumonthistory.com/index.html">"DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122064526/http://www.dumonthistory.com/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DuMont+Television+Network+Historical+Web+Site&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dumonthistory.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerlin2006" class="citation web cs1">Merlin, Jan (May 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110212802/http://www.slick-net.com/space/text/index.phtml">"Space Hero Files: Captain Video"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slick-net.com/space/text/index.phtml">the original</a> on January 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Hero+Files%3A+Captain+Video&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft.aulast=Merlin&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslick-net.com%2Fspace%2Ftext%2Findex.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein2004" class="citation book cs1">Weinstein, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgottennetwork00wein/page/228"><i>The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television</i></a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-245-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-245-4"><bdi>978-1-59213-245-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Network%3A+DuMont+and+the+Birth+of+American+Television&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59213-245-4&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforgottennetwork00wein%2Fpage%2F228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-allenbdumontlabs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allenbdumontlabs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allenbdumontlabs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Allen-B-DuMont">"Allen B. DuMont | American engineer and inventor"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703222020/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Allen-B-DuMont">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Allen+B.+DuMont+%7C+American+engineer+and+inventor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAllen-B-DuMont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vi_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2004">Weinstein 2004</a>, p. vi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200416-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200416_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2004">Weinstein 2004</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeff560.tripod.com/chronotv.html">"A U. S. Television Chronology, 1875-1970"</a>. <i>jeff560.tripod.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613095409/http://jeff560.tripod.com/chronotv.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jeff560.tripod.com&rft.atitle=A+U.+S.+Television+Chronology%2C+1875-1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeff560.tripod.com%2Fchronotv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonce_de_Leon2015" class="citation web cs1">Ponce de Leon, Charles L. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224642/https://press.uchicago.edu/books/excerpt/2015/De_Leon_Thats_Way_It_Is.html">"That's the Way It Is: A History of Television News in America"</a>. <i>press.uchicago.edua</i>. Beginnings. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/books/excerpt/2015/De_Leon_Thats_Way_It_Is.html">the original</a> on July 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.uchicago.edua&rft.atitle=That%27s+the+Way+It+Is%3A+A+History+of+Television+News+in+America&rft.pages=Beginnings&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ponce+de+Leon&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fbooks%2Fexcerpt%2F2015%2FDe_Leon_Thats_Way_It_Is.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vii-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2004vii_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2004">Weinstein 2004</a>, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart" class="citation magazine cs1">Hart, Hugh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/01/jan-29-1901-dumont-will-make-tv-work-2/">"Jan. 29, 1901: DuMont Will Make TV Work"</a>. <i>WIRED</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054524/https://www.wired.com/2010/01/jan-29-1901-dumont-will-make-tv-work-2/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Jan.+29%2C+1901%3A+DuMont+Will+Make+TV+Work&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F01%2Fjan-29-1901-dumont-will-make-tv-work-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWPDTV-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RWPDTV_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RWPDTV_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dean, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.r-vcr.com/~television/TV/TV11.htm">DuMont TV — KTTV TV11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231105843/http://www.r-vcr.com/~television/TV/TV11.htm">Archived</a> December 31, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Larry Dean's R-VCR Television Production website. Retrieved December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch2002-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch2002_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergmannSkutch2002">Bergmann & Skutch 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WT_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castleman, H. & Podrazik, W. (1982) <i>Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television</i>, p. 11. New York: McGraw-Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DTOFTN-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DTOFTN_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auter, P. & Boyd, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1995.00063.x">DuMont: The Original Fourth Television Network</a>. <i>The Journal of Popular Culture</i>. Vol. 29 Issue 3 Page 63 Winter 1995. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TH-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TH_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TH_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TH_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TH_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TH_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spadoni, M. (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/dumont.htm">DuMont: America's First "Fourth Network"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211110856/https://televisionheaven.co.uk/dumont.htm">Archive</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 11, 2007). Television Heaven. Retrieved on September 6, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTDNACSA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RTDNACSA_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RTDNACSA_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McDowell, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://list.msu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109b&L=aejmc&T=0&P=9926">Remembering the DuMont Network: A Case Study Approach</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906124413/http://list.msu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0109b&L=aejmc&T=0&P=9926">Archived</a> September 6, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. College of Mass Communication and Media Arts, Southern Illinois University. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan1995" class="citation news cs1">Brennan, Patricia (May 14, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/tv/1995/05/14/wttg-marks-50-years/d9d37479-3e2d-46a7-9a1e-54b9a10cf0d5/?noredirect=on">"WTTG Marks 50 Years"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=WTTG+Marks+50+Years&rft.date=1995-05-14&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2Ftv%2F1995%2F05%2F14%2Fwttg-marks-50-years%2Fd9d37479-3e2d-46a7-9a1e-54b9a10cf0d5%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32045862/the-pittsburgh-press/">"Network Television to Reach City"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>. January 11, 1949. p. 29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=Network+Television+to+Reach+City&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1949-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F32045862%2Fthe-pittsburgh-press%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?, pp. 16–18. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABDTMOBC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABDTMOBC_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auter, P. (2005)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/DuMont/DuMont.htm">DuMont, Allen B</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923044856/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/DuMont/DuMont.htm">Archived</a> September 23, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200446,_94-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200446,_94_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2004">Weinstein 2004</a>, pp. 46, 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200443-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein200443_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2004">Weinstein 2004</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAOPT-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GAOPT_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Downs, S. (November 3, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nb.net/~schaefer/tv1103.htm">"The Golden Age of Pittsburgh Television"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024829/http://www.nb.net/~schaefer/tv1103.htm">Archived</a> March 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Greensburg_Tribune-Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Greensburg Tribune-Review">Greensburg Tribune-Review</a></i>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWFT-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RWFT_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hundt, B. (July 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer-reporter.com/Main.asp?SectionID=6&ArticleID=24581">"Remember When: First tube"</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i>Observer-Reporter Publishing</i>. Retrieved on January 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATT-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATT_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corp.att.com/history/nethistory/milestones.html">History of the AT&T Network — Milestones in AT&T Network History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107114157/http://www.corp.att.com/history/nethistory/milestones.html">Archived</a> January 7, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. AT&T, 2006. Retrieved on December 28, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1AoEAAAAMBAJ&q=wanamaker+studios+captain+video&pg=PA4"><i>Billboard</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Nielsen Business Media, Inc. August 15, 1953. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2020</span>. <q><b>DU M SHUTS DOWN STORE OPERATION . . .</b> NEW YORK, Aug. 8. — Du Mont Television Network is closing down its studios and master control unit at <a href="/wiki/770_Broadway" title="770 Broadway">Wanamaker's department store</a> next Friday (14). Master control will begin operating at the Du Mont's Tele-Center the next day. Among the shows that had been originating at Wanamaker's was "<a href="/wiki/Captain_Video_and_His_Video_Rangers" title="Captain Video and His Video Rangers">Captain Video</a>".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1953-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1AoEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dwanamaker%2Bstudios%2Bcaptain%2Bvideo%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="FCC" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200711142700/https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/tv-profile/wnyw">"WYNW - TV Station Profile"</a>. <i>FCC Public Inspection Files</i>. Federal Communications Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/tv-profile/wnyw">the original</a> on July 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FCC+Public+Inspection+Files&rft.atitle=WYNW+-+TV+Station+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicfiles.fcc.gov%2Ftv-profile%2Fwnyw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4EAAAAMBAJ&q=Du+Mont's+Tele-Center+%22new+york%22&pg=PA14"><i>Billboard</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Nielsen Business Media, Inc. June 19, 1954. p. 14. <q><b>Du M. Tele-Center To Be Officially Opened on Monday</b> NEW YORK, June 12[, 1954]. <a href="/wiki/The_Boys_from_Boise_(TV_program)" title="The Boys from Boise (TV program)">The Boys from Boise</a>, the first original televised musical, was aired on the network in 1944. — Du Mont on Monday will hold the official tape-cutting ceremonies for its Tele-Center, which has actually been in use for over a year. Speakers at the event will be <a href="/wiki/Allen_B._DuMont" title="Allen B. DuMont">Dr. Allen Du Mont</a> and Mayor <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr." title="Robert F. Wagner Jr.">Robert Wagner</a>.[...]It was originally the Central Opera House. Du Mont invested <span style="white-space: nowrap">$5,000,000</span> (equivalent to about $56,700,000 in 2023) to re-build it for TV use.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1954-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4h4EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DDu%2BMont%27s%2BTele-Center%2B%2522new%2Byork%2522%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Alex (1996). <i>Total Television</i> (4th ed.), p. 1040. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8">0-14-024916-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RR-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RR_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merlin, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slick-net.com/space/text/index.phtml">Roaring Rockets: The Space Hero Files</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060113022008/http://www.slick-net.com/space/text/index.phtml">Archived</a> January 13, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinstein-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weinstein_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weinstein, D. (2004). <i>The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television</i>, p. 69. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59213-499-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59213-499-8">1-59213-499-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.today.ucla.edu/out-about/080103_anna-may-wong/">"Film reveals real-life struggles of an onscreen 'Dragon Lady'."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327104822/http://www.today.ucla.edu/out-about/080103_anna-may-wong/">Archived</a> March 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.today.ucla.edu/">UCLA Today Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080903090621/http://www.today.ucla.edu/">Archived</a> September 3, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, January 3, 2008. Retrieved: May 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brooks-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brooks_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brooks_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooks, Tim & Marsh, Earle (1964). <i>The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows</i> (3rd ed.). New York: Ballantine. p. xiv. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-31864-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-31864-1">0-345-31864-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeil4-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNeil4_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeil4_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Alex (1996). <i>Total Television</i> (4th ed.), p. 479. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8">0-14-024916-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoC-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edie_Adams" title="Edie Adams">Adams, Edie</a> (March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927072638/http://www.loc.gov/film/hrng96la.html">"Television/Video Preservation Study: Los Angeles Public Hearing"</a>. <i>National Film Preservation Board</i>. Library of Congress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/film/hrng96la.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Film+Preservation+Board&rft.atitle=Television%2FVideo+Preservation+Study%3A+Los+Angeles+Public+Hearing&rft.date=1996-03&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Edie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ffilm%2Fhrng96la.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCLA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UCLA_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/collections/Profiles/earlytv.html">Collections — Early television</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103215747/http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/collections/Profiles/earlytv.html">Archived</a> January 3, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The UCLA Film and Television Archive. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinstein2-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinstein2_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinstein2_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weinstein, D. (2004). <i>The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television</i>, p. 156-157. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59213-499-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59213-499-8">1-59213-499-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATAS-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATAS_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403022947/http://www.emmys.org/awards/awardsearch.php">"Advanced Primetime Awards Search"</a>. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emmys.org/awards/awardsearch.php">the original</a> on April 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advanced+Primetime+Awards+Search&rft.pub=Academy+of+Television+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emmys.org%2Fawards%2Fawardsearch.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeil3-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNeil3_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Alex (1996). <i>Total Television</i> (4th ed.), 1121. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8">0-14-024916-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTTDN-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CTTDN_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTTDN_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTTDN_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTTDN_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTTDN_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jajkowski, S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotelevision.com/dumont.htm">Chicago Television: And Then There Was… DuMont</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005112145/http://www.chicagotelevision.com/dumont.htm">Archived</a> October 5, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeil2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNeil2_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNeil2_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Alex (1996). <i>Total Television</i> (4th ed.), 1143–1145. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8">0-14-024916-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121002952/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816367,00.html?promoid=googlep">"The Adenoidal Moderator"</a>. <i>Time</i>. April 28, 1952. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816367,00.html?promoid=googlep">the original</a> on January 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Adenoidal+Moderator&rft.date=1952-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C816367%2C00.html%3Fpromoid%3Dgooglep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2007" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Glenn D. Jr. (2007). <i>Something on My Own: Gertrude Berg and American Broadcasting, 1929–1956</i>. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0887-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0887-5"><bdi>978-0-8156-0887-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+on+My+Own%3A+Gertrude+Berg+and+American+Broadcasting%2C+1929%E2%80%931956&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-0887-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Glenn+D.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billboard1950-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-billboard1950_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Videodex 62-Market Survey". <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 62, no. 39. September 30, 1950. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Videodex+62-Market+Survey&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1950-09-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auter-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Auter_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auter_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auter_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuterBoyd,_D.A.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Auter, P.J.; Boyd, D.A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auter.tv/info/publications/articles/DuMontJPC.pdf">"DuMont: The Original Fourth Television Network"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Popular Culture</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 63–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1995.00063.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.1995.00063.x</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904175321/http://www.auter.tv/info/publications/articles/DuMontJPC.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=DuMont%3A+The+Original+Fourth+Television+Network&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=63-83&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1995.00063.x&rft.aulast=Auter&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rft.au=Boyd%2C+D.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auter.tv%2Finfo%2Fpublications%2Farticles%2FDuMontJPC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hess1_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess, Gary Newton (1979). <i>An Historical Study of the DuMont Television Network</i>, p 91. New York: Arno Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2">0-405-11758-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hess2_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess, Gary Newton (1979). <i>An Historical Study of the DuMont Television Network</i>, pp. 52–53. New York: Arno Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2">0-405-11758-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/oral_history/abstracts/goldsmith8ab.html">IEEE History Center: Thomas Goldsmith Abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209110341/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/oral_history/abstracts/goldsmith8ab.html">Archived</a> December 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (May 14, 1973). IEEE History Center. Retrieved on January 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weinstein, David (2004). <i>The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television</i> (pp. 24–25). Philadelphia: Temple University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White3-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White3_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1992" class="citation book cs1">White, Timothy R. (1992). <i>Hollywood's Attempt to Appropriate Television: The Case of Paramount Pictures</i>. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI. pp. 117–118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+Attempt+to+Appropriate+Television%3A+The+Case+of+Paramount+Pictures&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pages=117-118&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Timothy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Timothy R. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225506">"Hollywood on (Re)Trial: The American Broadcasting-United Paramount Merger Hearing"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007034251/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225506">Archived</a> October 7, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Cinema Journal</i>, Vol. 31, No. 3. (Spring, 1992), pp. 19–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABDTMOBC2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABDTMOBC2_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/DuMont/DuMont.htm">DUMONT, ALLEN B. </a> The Museum of Broadcast Communications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923044856/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/DuMont/DuMont.htm">Archived</a> September 23, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingram6-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingram6_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingram, Clarke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dumonthistory.com/6.html">"Channel Six: UHF"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804163725/https://dumonthistory.com/6.html">Archived</a> August 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site. Accessed January 21, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/OSEC/library/legislative_histories/612.pdf">The FCC and the All-Channel Receiver Bill of 1962</a>, LAWRENCE D. LONGLEY, JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING. Vol. XLII. NO. 3 (Summer 1969)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Ingram" title="Clarke Ingram">Clarke Ingram</a>'s historical account at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://uhfhistory.com/articles/kcty.html">https://uhfhistory.com/articles/kcty.html</a> has this as exactly two months; DuMont closed on the acquisition at the start of January 1, 1954, and took the station dark at the end of February 28, 1954. It lost DuMont $250,000 and lost Empire Coil, the original proprietor, $750,000. It was the third of a long list of UHF pioneers to fail.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann6-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann6_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>, p. 66. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHSOTDTN-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AHSOTDTN_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess, Gary Newton (1979). A Historical Study of the DuMont Television Network. New York: Ayer Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-11758-2">0-405-11758-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOP-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOP_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzocco1999" class="citation book cs1">Mazzocco, Dennis (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/networksofpowerc00mazz"><i>Networks of Power: Corporate TV's Threat to Democracy</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/networksofpowerc00mazz/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-472-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-472-8"><bdi>978-0-89608-472-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Networks+of+Power%3A+Corporate+TV%27s+Threat+to+Democracy&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-472-8&rft.aulast=Mazzocco&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnetworksofpowerc00mazz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann5-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann5_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>, pp. 79–83. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PARAT-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PARAT_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, E. (July 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbrtv.com/pbrtvtv.html">Pittsburgh Area Radio and TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061211125232/http://pbrtv.com/pbrtvtv.html">Archived</a> December 11, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WT2-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WT2_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castleman, H. & Podrazik, W. (1982) <i>Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television</i>, p. 39. New York: McGraw-Hill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RC2YDMS-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RC2YDMS_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grace, R. (October 3, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/reminiscing100302.htm">"Reminiscing: Channel 2, Your Du Mont Station"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825161838/http://www.metnews.com/articles/reminiscing100302.htm">Archived</a> August 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Metropolitan News-Enterprise</i> Online. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTAC-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CTAC_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jajkowski, S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotelevision.com/REDXXX3.htm">Chicago Television: My Afternoon With Red</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105021751/http://www.chicagotelevision.com/REDXXX3.htm">Archived</a> November 5, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on January 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldenson-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldenson_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldenson, Leonard H. and Wolf, Marvin J. (1991). <i>Beating the Odds</i>. Charles Scribner's Sons <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-19055-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-19055-9">0-684-19055-9</a>. pp 114–115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann7-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann7_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>, pp. 69–70. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50AA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50AA_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jajkowski, S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.tv/exhibitionssection.php?page=88">"Flashback: The 50th Anniversary of ABC"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050411074406/http://www.museum.tv/exhibitionssection.php?page=88">Archived</a> April 11, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DTNWH20-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DTNWH20_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, pp 116–126. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann30-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann30_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>, pp. 82–83. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergmann3-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergmann3_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). <i>The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?</i>, pp. 77–78. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4270-X">0-8108-4270-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"DuMont Network To Quit In Telecasting 'Spin-Off'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Broadcasting</i>. August 15, 1955. p. 64. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1014914488">1014914488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=DuMont+Network+To+Quit+In+Telecasting+%27Spin-Off%27&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1955-08-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"DuMont Turns Its Corporate Back On TV Network, Leaves It To Die". <i>Broadcasting</i>. August 29, 1955. p. 80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1014916214">1014916214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=DuMont+Turns+Its+Corporate+Back+On+TV+Network%2C+Leaves+It+To+Die&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1955-08-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Alex (1996). <i>Total Television</i> (4th ed.), p. 907. New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-024916-8">0-14-024916-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooksandMarsh-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrooksandMarsh_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooksMarsh2007" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). <i>The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network Cable and TV Shows, 1946–Present</i> (9 ed.). New York: Ballantine. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-49773-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-49773-4"><bdi>978-0-345-49773-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Directory+to+Prime+Time+Network+Cable+and+TV+Shows%2C+1946%E2%80%93Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=174&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-345-49773-4&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Earle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspaperarchive.com/tags/.aspx/?type=glpnews&search=mel+allen&img=%5C%5Cna0030%5C6540742%5C22888651.html">"NewspaperArchive® |.aspx historic newspaper articles including obituaries, births, marriages, divorces and arrests"</a>. <i>www.newspaperarchive.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newspaperarchive.com&rft.atitle=NewspaperArchive%C2%AE+%26%23124%3B.aspx+historic+newspaper+articles+including+obituaries%2C+births%2C+marriages%2C+divorces+and+arrests.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Ftags%2F.aspx%2F%3Ftype%3Dglpnews%26search%3Dmel%2Ballen%26img%3D%255C%255Cna0030%255C6540742%255C22888651.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspaperarchive.com/tags/.aspx/?type=glpnews&search=mel+allen&img=%5C%5Cna0022%5C3055107%5C16080057.html">"NewspaperArchive® |.aspx historic newspaper articles including obituaries, births, marriages, divorces and arrests"</a>. <i>www.newspaperarchive.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newspaperarchive.com&rft.atitle=NewspaperArchive%C2%AE+%26%23124%3B.aspx+historic+newspaper+articles+including+obituaries%2C+births%2C+marriages%2C+divorces+and+arrests.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Ftags%2F.aspx%2F%3Ftype%3Dglpnews%26search%3Dmel%2Ballen%26img%3D%255C%255Cna0022%255C3055107%255C16080057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thxgvg57-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thxgvg57_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thxgvg57_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTober2017" class="citation news cs1">Tober, Steve (November 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040505/http://www.northjersey.com/story/news/essex/montclair/2017/11/20/thanksgiving-football-games/879640001/">"Thanksgiving football games a disappearing tradition"</a>. <i>NorthJersey.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/story/news/essex/montclair/2017/11/20/thanksgiving-football-games/879640001/">the original</a> on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The '57 Thanksgiving game at Foley Field was televised live and in color (both rarities in those early TV days) on Channel 5 via the old Dumont Television Network, which was under the leadership of Dr. Dumont, who – by the way – was a Montclair resident. Also, the late, great Chris Schenkel did the play by play.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NorthJersey.com&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+football+games+a+disappearing+tradition&rft.date=2017-11-20&rft.aulast=Tober&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fessex%2Fmontclair%2F2017%2F11%2F20%2Fthanksgiving-football-games%2F879640001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Castleman-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Castleman_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Castleman_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastlemanPodrazik1982" class="citation book cs1">Castleman, Harry; Podrazik, Walter J. (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/watchingtvfourde00cast"><i>Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television</i></a></span>. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/watchingtvfourde00cast/page/121">121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-010269-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-010269-9"><bdi>978-0-07-010269-9</bdi></a>. <q>August 4, 1958. <i>Monday Night Fights</i>, the final show of the old Dumont network dies. At the end, it is carried on only five stations, nationwide.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watching+TV%3A+Four+Decades+of+American+Television&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-07-010269-9&rft.aulast=Castleman&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Podrazik%2C+Walter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwatchingtvfourde00cast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"FCC Filing Signifies End Of DuMont Tv Network". <i>Broadcasting</i>. September 5, 1955. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1014926098">1014926098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=FCC+Filing+Signifies+End+Of+DuMont+Tv+Network&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1955-09-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch200285-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergmannSkutch200285_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergmannSkutch2002">Bergmann & Skutch 2002</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"It's Metromedia: Metropolitan stockholders vote to change firm name". <i>Broadcasting</i>. April 3, 1961. p. 56. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1285745524">1285745524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=It%27s+Metromedia%3A+Metropolitan+stockholders+vote+to+change+firm+name&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1961-04-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan, J. (January 24, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cache-origin.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,18221,00.html">"Exit WB, UPN; Enter the CW"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001050452/http://cache-origin.eonline.com/News/Items/0%2C1%2C18221%2C00.html">Archived</a> October 1, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>E! Online News.</i> Retrieved on January 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dumonthistory-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dumonthistory_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trademark.trademarkia.com/the-dumont-network-87806925.html">"THE DUMONT NETWORK Trademark of LIGHTNING ONE, INC. Serial Number: 87806925 :: Trademarkia Trademarks"</a>. <i>trademark.trademarkia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trademark.trademarkia.com&rft.atitle=THE+DUMONT+NETWORK+Trademark+of+LIGHTNING+ONE%2C+INC.+Serial+Number%3A+87806925+%3A%3A+Trademarkia+Trademarks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrademark.trademarkia.com%2Fthe-dumont-network-87806925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-billy-corgan-national-wrestling-alliance-20171111-story.html">"Billy Corgan reboots an old favorite, the National Wrestling Alliance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. November 11, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180309053915/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-billy-corgan-national-wrestling-alliance-20171111-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Billy+Corgan+reboots+an+old+favorite%2C+the+National+Wrestling+Alliance&rft.date=2017-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Fct-billy-corgan-national-wrestling-alliance-20171111-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231948/http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4807:trn8t7.7.1">"TESS – NWA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4807:trn8t7.7.1">the original</a> on March 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TESS+%E2%80%93+NWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftmsearch.uspto.gov%2Fbin%2Fshowfield%3Ff%3Ddoc%26state%3D4807%3Atrn8t7.7.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the individual station histories, <a href="/wiki/WNYW-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WNYW-TV">WNYW-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDKA-TV" title="KDKA-TV">KDKA-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WTTG" title="WTTG">WTTG</a>, for details. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DTNHWS-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DTNHWS_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Ingram" title="Clarke Ingram">Ingram, C.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dumonthistory.com/9.html">DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027143941/https://dumonthistory.com/9.html">Archived</a> October 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105231808/http://metnews.com/articles/reminiscing052903.htm">"REMINISCING: <i>Day in Court</i>, <i>Winchell-Mahoney Time</i> – DuMont Shows: Not to Be Seen Again, ROGER M. GRACE, Metropolitan News-Enterprise, May 29, 2003"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metnews.com/articles/reminiscing052903.htm">the original</a> on January 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REMINISCING%3A+Day+in+Court%2C+Winchell-Mahoney+Time+%E2%80%93+DuMont+Shows%3A+Not+to+Be+Seen+Again%2C+ROGER+M.+GRACE%2C+Metropolitan+News-Enterprise%2C+May+29%2C+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metnews.com%2Farticles%2Freminiscing052903.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuMont+Television+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corarito, Gregory (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tulsatvmemories.com/tvthesi3.html">Tulsa TV History Thesis — KCEB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060914050317/http://www.tulsatvmemories.com/tvthesi3.html">Archived</a> September 14, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on December 28, 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Network</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Clarke Ingram's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dumonthistory.com">DuMont Television Network Historical</a> Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224130936/http://www.dumonthistory.com/">Archived</a> February 24, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223070652/http://www.telecruiser.com/">The "Golden Telecruiser" Historic Pictures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/company/co0071248/">List of DuMont programs</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westmb.org/L_Networks/L_Networks-Dumont.html">Dumont Television Network</a> — <a 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English) defunct"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct English-language <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">broadcast television</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">networks</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DuMont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#PAX_(1998–2005)" title="Ion Television">PAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network" title="Prime Time Entertainment Network">PTEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> (pre-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prime_Time" title="Operation Prime Time">OPT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.2_Network" title=".2 Network">.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">America One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Network" title="American Independent Network">AIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_America" title="Channel America">Channel America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Country" title="Circle Country">Circle</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">Classic Reruns TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi-TV" title="Digi-TV">Digi-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Television_Network" title="Hughes Television Network">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUCE_TV" title="JUCE TV">JUCE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">Light TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizlou_Television_Network" title="Mizlou Television Network">Mizlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_One" title="Network One">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATV_Native_American_Television" title="NATV Native American Television">NATV</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTA_Film_Network" title="NTA Film Network">NTA Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Broadcasting_Network" title="Omni Broadcasting Network">Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmyer_Network" title="Overmyer Network">Overmyer/United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Television_Network" title="Paramount Television Network">Paramount Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBJ_(TV_network)" title="PBJ (TV network)">PBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_TV" title="Plum TV">Plum TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubo" title="Qubo">qubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFM_Holiday_Network" title="SFM Holiday Network">SFM Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Television_Network" title="Star Television Network">Star</a> (failed 5th network attempt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrueReal" title="TrueReal">TrueReal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_Television_Network" title="Theater Television Network">Theater TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff_TV" title="Tuff TV">Tuff TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist_(TV_network)" title="Twist (TV network)">Twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_America_Television" title="Urban America Television">UATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety Television Network">VTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(TV_network)" title="The Works (TV network)">The Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz Worldview</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchChannel" title="ResearchChannel">ResearchChannel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News Now">ABC News Now</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_News_Channel" title="All News Channel">All News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_AccuWeather_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Local AccuWeather Channel">Local AccuWeather Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Weather_Plus" title="NBC Weather Plus">NBC Wx+/NBC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a><sup>ci</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchVision" title="TouchVision">TouchVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sports_Network" title="American Sports Network">American Sports Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_(sports_network)" title="Stadium (sports network)">Stadium</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportsGrid" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsGrid">SportsGrid</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman_Channel" title="Sportsman Channel">Sportsman</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_Television_Network" title="TVS Television Network">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Sports" title="Universal Sports">Universal Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Store" title="America's Store">America's Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_TV_(USA)" title="Gems TV (USA)">Gems TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_TV" title="Gun TV">Gun TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television#Ion_Shop" title="Ion Television">Ion Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shop_at_Home_Network" title="Shop at Home Network">Shop at Home</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemia_Visual_Music" title="Bohemia Visual Music">Bohemia Visual Music</a><sup>i</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(American_TV_channel)" title="The Box (American TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Jams" title="Retro Jams">Retro Jams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheCoolTV" title="TheCoolTV">TheCoolTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tube_Music_Network" title="The Tube Music Network">The Tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>c</sup> - Now cable-only, <sup>i</sup> - Now internet-only</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1262316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1262316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1262316#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123248601">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87843049">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007346991905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&oldid=1254005024">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DuMont_Television_Network&oldid=1254005024</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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Template:Citation_needed"," 8.58% 107.065 1 Template:Infobox_television_channel"," 7.39% 92.296 1 Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)_defunct"," 7.34% 91.680 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.03% 87.760 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.681","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10970364,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdams1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAuterBoyd,_D.A.1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergmannSkutch2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrennan1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooksMarsh2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastlemanPodrazik1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarvin2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHess1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazzocco1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerlin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPonce_de_Leon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTober2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinstein2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite1992\"] = 1,\n [\"FCC\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years and days\"] = 1,\n [\"American broadcast television (English) defunct\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 15,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Crossreference\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Dumont Television Network\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"End date\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 19,\n [\"Infobox television channel\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Peacock inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 4,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 2,\n [\"US$\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 23,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-hcptx","timestamp":"20241125134249","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"DuMont Television Network","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DuMont_Television_Network","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1262316","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1262316","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-30T16:08:18Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T00:04:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/74\/DuMont.svg","headline":"former television network"}</script> </body> </html>