CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347a252faff8ee',cH: 'gRibDYuKwWFZBPUQE.HcQvsyt6jemqK3tl3S7OZcNC4-1739781673-1.2.1.1-kl0rF.Kj1f6v3JpxjP1uq5wTnYQ5d4uvaXAiaJqQX7gOyOfZXVEUfS21u.rgiCan',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=transparency&__cf_chl_tk=KHdXSOwBVSt4GIclztUPKNK_EFTqmeplEPN1Set8XMc-1739781673-1.0.1.1-5ejzU9i8eI7dNLsfn1MskBoUxPULY86T.FEE9bH7e3Q",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781673',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=transparency&__cf_chl_f_tk=KHdXSOwBVSt4GIclztUPKNK_EFTqmeplEPN1Set8XMc-1739781673-1.0.1.1-5ejzU9i8eI7dNLsfn1MskBoUxPULY86T.FEE9bH7e3Q",md: "0_oQ2EYsaFRpaiWgvWDYKuDouCR7xFcd.g2LrLsGfMs-1739781673-1.2.1.1-J.7b_CYkbhf688UlmAXSxdKYIGWDas5QsADdkbUR4fWLGqz8bZdQRZ8yT5UsG_TzBr2eVkzmYcg5JkAWtbZmREEh.Tx6vIZ83HlF.SsrQphMf3R.x2xlp001qLIgRRgUGulCKmwijOqJvGG9FK6UjTuV_Hu4nlwG8EHIyHpIbII9lnsVuz2c3CJPygV0CTHK3DiMwS562znoO8DmWy6cUSJi77l6KqfFf8IxIKRLgIQ0i7h5hiFgBJCrL7YFhZdU8c1JcsGP3TIZ48tvfIFoX7Zgy538pzJ6QimG8QgRXuTKzHa4UhvS78nkyDC.XZGfbBVyj1OlYmMHQ9nhAzz5dlv8Y96xAF5h07mUy1xhyISf3.HEcomhVySDawgKZ0OCSN.kpEPJSBtlTUS6QydsWghzUr2q5fU_4PJjFn8BjH5JqRmKFMR8yLaYTuvqhWshsQ1XCwhgGfBdouZfFKaMVjCmH3EiPzNW43EZm1kQA5oJgEjiMtHfYjMC2H7c9WRjN1OTe7LqeifXrdOtaEzOicXSM9IcHkoFhsMD4m60vCzCeynrfKQjUVGqMMOnonhcCi0DlfMT18pwDQMD6v.RCrb.8dYWYUaEPH8QPWyh2gRueNQUPuCcQgN67SDowXfdkf8HgWa8lEHozWhxdrvCE3teMN5gybalLnXs6.n8vYdKYsaORCHMf1CB2BNlNSBOpMBV_rhVvxcCnY5vh5o9pAE49nxGMHyc4JLnBhToKy8ZArkMhxS2MtLycppBL4nA1XDWHJFQMuzMA1j90UKdNzwJwkjjhqj1QdcpkgW__nVWit_6vqLHN1d_nVoslOhUzIuN56_wXQ.CVnrH7Tgwniq5ulFC_ObRCiZmgAYvInjbTuSKyqKdrrScv8Wk59b7aEQSzidPsHTYYI0FdmY1quEdk_2g.IlPg9P1N3oOaF4t.X65Ll5GC4oxLQEAoM1V8mWIemsST0jEdCQmkl87c6da2ly3FPSqwoeBw6fmZqSckfWyF.hiehxPVjWAsiYIfgy9NmRxYIF0RuM2ncs4xquf5xY6qpW3KJJBjQ5Ohax2m5nJSQX_AitnYYq_EL8H6YX6159m_i70dt9sm1jkk6TyyXdqb6fx25K6AYmsoT6GwK8c9ajQDjTxtKaMkz8OSnzvw40WFqwZBLQJE0jq0VQPh80OYl0Kr1gg09hXQGrRoJsLdR4e8FBSaVb8b4VkUXAId1c8m7B6FIv1bZR9jrSJti84tUrqc4zDN4f3BagbE57x_oosWwa1aUdOixxee4LSRc3z3eXzGF4GLaSeCjC4596AR.fD4Hx4M6Gps5xj7u2gUXYzuAk9Kv_Vwoa4mRe2YMruVqSFOzHqtByVEk64m6K5i5GK854YvGy_w_IwkEHKtmICQJZ0slLMNkvklFzUud0yCPqprjkpsllxWbkKEJ7DjrF4FItPAP9KSsFnWIhVmSRhEBhRwHiuE8EH.ppwgfet4X3b8__b3H6mBL7ZCw50vwSs4Sw.B6DPJoxwICHaLb835Sl9RyFiCfOceas.I5nLaJ5zBW6jK7Pq0jmXr6UNV0mEsgQewNGSKH03GDaiP.rHMKFMcG7vqrlTAeuha0BRFr264.dC.lYOzoseHSQ3MHexfy2xWb9h_UqA9ZRuENxA.jD7Oxc3nSbc91U1X5WWXhTUkUT3CpN98wJ0ov.Qi8YrKUuM3yI9Ym3k0f4JW01xeG3_WINo534A7pQAC4rDo8p8n32wRnprWvdpFza928rPq6_GinYeLU08QoqbNl.xobNRlrudkoo3NJj07LcsmR5KRPkLuWnn5Q1Ua7pv3K.NlMUdWxZCcYKnL8UqkhidesyOWF4bo.aRG5E3TQDvt8WeM9voWMMWAoW996RZ9NFKMoTEk7KGTemaPujvlecN_nMZz4jkXyKn0cZ5SgSGsOC.CYSa9VVOaA",mdrd: "rTUEoE5DBIG_btQOOk6ccs_5ZY4zt7XXOdAsycsURDI-1739781673-1.2.1.1-Z5we69eSUSJrnMWr4XHn.dCGtgIydHBTX7XPU5byO2FfhAMaLnMlwF1Kej00.BjmY0SiWoRgjCECgmHpXHeHwl5Sb0SKUHTGnaeS.oZqssIsxyjpiVkqgrB8YhMJ5ltVOxtdrhrJ5V1wOmhSd75BJC4iiHKGFKzIn_OCQx48rz.duVlkdvDrBXIY1p1IndF_Dgfp3PmO_h.TSK2jKZuo3_ZNDDGed5sSncnt8fn3rWMpuxUwaiC0cgl8NwMfHmJos6Ve3J9P5tMIW9M_3S0AzZuq3VSzSZadRHk2HI8S3sFttHeJYQKJvoW6Om7zB73ALLT7OUJAXWhFn6Ks7PLumr90r2jsKtazrG9KREvAEOF70C1BKEN6f5xV3.ZDBYH9FEpPGsNv6Yy2lybMGrQf976Tn2DGbeLGR4RKBbBSjx6Y2uwqigC3btH1A8k9WAa_rvO3o6yOFB1PLHC04VKeD77xvnGc_JYYOKi5frXyeSkP82dZeL0gQY3ML0jAzBz08WrW5EBO6VsXh7GtFxBEn8WvzrMJ_cRFA_J2kDjj__e3mmqjNr9U0dpKU06LmUZXK93D5JFzNMEO7hZG06Qo_9yMuN84WJDluE4pzJzi_lOJdTZyahvDlxnDaQl6.RgUYqrjxl_P7vQYN6YVma2uCUbU4J738E6deicdGT7Zt2nHLAxGGsSfAsPxb8loyj8ywGGYbu9fk1nZSxhtwJbeAM.X5kJJITNt7d2L86qg1smdM_B4gcnkf7jDT7plxOhiV_YmJsq09EsJd4DAl03_UlWvl4nkrfXDsWt3JappoyCB82HgSJsSQeJ9go.xW5BfOD8mZIJ0zgD_oRO9BjkHTJnfXfZcn8DQ3AGqx.ljcQKPLyu3M81iHe_k2YoBLLnETnUJPK_RWaeTODfoSqhqLJ20Dg7AbPAkQt1oSObH2pbedwh6GakIGRZDbL0Cf4FL9MPGIUN8gDWcbevXUXtBw9BuLasxD5FLEDXF7GmHGCi5kFI_HHOa.J57Y5H_9bDGPPpzgOSjp2sXstGkuZpXu0BI3oInq2EGQv3_hAcQsFGiqVzWB1qc6lQtMraiHLZKxbdTG97xsU0ASCIjKhV0rM3SrgTOxlMsqGmKGbyEaMHnmZWjpBUNgzL50kTAdTG4ofsnJeoDWOr7CFNtegbBI0rEivQoiF5yGE0AGEZDLM1fGydRHVEfx3zzWNxqrQ8IFRXmCar9C6DRYiLCKenDwQO_jLnJcfTUIOLA987x4agcUbOVPzlMdhFZ5OmNwS17bYOZ28p6gKPnQgB7.5ldLsBl6LuaTKchBqBNSYhUJekEbmLiYk84HVK_S8adMf_W6OITFWEBy4s3909HE4ksLeWddtTe.j26xVn2Rc4vPOGzXEe0mRVrcAViRtfbqlAamiZTvFjs6zEgBfSeOLhapy11TkrE.61Sj12ajiHSGSmXfcfekY_jouexbeyD9W6D.aC6AJrZ2QE7ici0jg6.L6vDInrPcsitMVGoaMZhIbWFur2IX7F5apBRg89hJ1r9G7lX_.7gGq1F8xW1K_2uKD.hGgiODMiSntjHOEkW9WTNNAC29FtvKXuUBZfbpbgu.Wlvo08Png5VKDyZ4CeVZ0HX29kXpQhH9pwSsKR3o6.oie6PffhwNQhw9mO39q8q46ZCHONXOT_ia53pCVAYLeFd.5uGQgj78JJVuKbiGrzgjhb5yaLsKGRV9p0SKW4l2PNZWwJ_rvFnUhwba2DAdlkrZFoPbLAJzxs9UkkR44xbShXsXNe.I9Blq4xydPR15jE4dWDPkUj1RkjR2gFCWxdkHNS4iWuqTJy78jJnI6gpXjXpxddRIf1G9WuMSVaWnp2Xxo44JUPnB441EPOXWflPd4Fvan8WxyiOS03pBWEQcpm_QcWSucN_t7Ucqj76bsGGXJYaqI9.AaK5JTq_dTOEwB867.lFUgl02eogvIA2n8Pcdp33mmw.rFLkF.bAjK2ZUk_jkpQ5NB4.w8iXrg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347a252faff8ee';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=transparency&__cf_chl_rt_tk=KHdXSOwBVSt4GIclztUPKNK_EFTqmeplEPN1Set8XMc-1739781673-1.0.1.1-5ejzU9i8eI7dNLsfn1MskBoUxPULY86T.FEE9bH7e3Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>