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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German videotex service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bildschirmtext%22">"Bildschirmtext"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bildschirmtext%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bildschirmtext%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bildschirmtext%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bildschirmtext%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bildschirmtext%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Bildschirmtext</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bildschirmtext_logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Bildschirmtext_logo.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="91" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bildschirmtext on-screen logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_Designers_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems Designers Ltd (page does not exist)">Systems Designers Ltd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost" title="Deutsche Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span class="noprint">; 41 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">2001<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2001</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CEPT1" class="mw-redirect" title="CEPT1">CEPT1</a> profile</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png/220px-BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png/330px-BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png/440px-BBildschirmtext_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of the Bildschirmtext welcomepage after login</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg/220px-1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg/330px-1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg/440px-1987_German_Youth_standing_next_to_BTX_Terminal_in_German_Post_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>1987 photo of a German youth standing next to a German Post Office Btx terminal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Btx_device.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Btx_device.jpg/220px-Btx_device.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Btx_device.jpg/330px-Btx_device.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Btx_device.jpg/440px-Btx_device.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>German "Multifunktionales Telefon 12"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modem_DBT-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Modem_DBT-03.jpg/220px-Modem_DBT-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Modem_DBT-03.jpg/330px-Modem_DBT-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Modem_DBT-03.jpg/440px-Modem_DBT-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>Modem for accessing the Bildschirmtext service</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bildschirmtext</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> "screen text", abbrev. <b>Btx</b> or <b>BTX</b>) was an <a href="/wiki/Online_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Online service">online</a> <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">videotex</a> system launched in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1983 by the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost" title="Deutsche Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</a>, the (West) German <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">postal service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Btx originally required special hardware (it was based on <a href="/wiki/GEC_4000_series" title="GEC 4000 series">GEC 4000 series</a> computers) which had to be bought or rented from the British <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a>. The data was transmitted through the <a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">telephone network</a> using <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.23" title="ITU-T V.23">V.23</a> <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a> and the content was displayed on a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> set. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildschirmtext&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally conceived to follow the UK <a href="/wiki/Prestel" title="Prestel">Prestel</a> specifications, and developed on contract by a small UK company called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_Designers_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems Designers Ltd (page does not exist)">Systems Designers Ltd</a> (originally merged into <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">EDS</a> and now part of <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>) for <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> Germany. Btx added a number of additional features before launch, including some inspired by the French <a href="/wiki/Minitel" title="Minitel">Minitel</a> service, to create a new display standard of its own, which in 1981 was designated the <a href="/wiki/CEPT1" class="mw-redirect" title="CEPT1">CEPT1</a> profile.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system was presented at the IFA in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, with a trial system installed in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and Berlin in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the system was expanded to rest of Germany, with the necessary network being developed by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system was launched nationwide in 1983, at the press of a button by the Federal Post Minister at Berlin's IFA<sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service could only be used with a modem produced by the Bundespost and user uptake was low. </p><p>The "MultiTel" devices could operate without a TV and allowed simultaneous telephone operation. By 1986, there were also adaptor devices for home computers like the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> (ex: Siemens Decoder Module II).<sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1990s, the system was renamed "Datex-J" and focused on the home users.<sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, an enhanced backward-compatible standard called Kernel for Intelligent Communication Terminals (KIT) was announced, but this never really gained acceptance. Btx formed the basis of <a href="/wiki/T-Online" title="T-Online">T-Online</a>, Deutsche Telekom's online service, which maintained a Btx interface in its access software after the T-Online brand was introduced in 1995. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, Btx was available throughout <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Btx was also available in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, where it was called <i>Videotex</i> (VTX). </p><p>The last Btx access was switched off at the end of 2001 by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-museum1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it had been made obsolete by the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildschirmtext&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Btx permits the transmission of graphical pages with a resolution of 480 by 250 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>, where 32 out of a palette of 4096 colors could be shown at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each page could display 40×24 <a href="/wiki/Semigraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semigraphic">semigraphic</a> text characters.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This corresponds to the technical possibilities of the early 1980s. </p><p>Btx always transferred whole screen pages; the receiver paid per received page. The content provider was free to set the price, and could require either a fee per page (0.01 <a href="/wiki/German_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="German mark">DM</a> to 9.99 DM), or a time-dependent fee (0.01 DM to 1.30 DM per minute). </p><p>Data was transferred <a href="/wiki/Authenticated_encryption" title="Authenticated encryption">unauthenticated</a> and in plaintext, leading to the well-known <a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#BTX-Hack" title="Chaos Computer Club">BTX hack</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wau_Holland" title="Wau Holland">Wau Holland</a> in 1984. The BTX hack remains well known in German computer science folklore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Media">In Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildschirmtext&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bildschirmtext is referenced in the German language version of the song "<a href="/wiki/Computer_Love_(Kraftwerk_song)" title="Computer Love (Kraftwerk song)">Computerliebe</a>" by Kraftwerk. The song's lyrics, "Ich wähl die Nummer, ich wähl die Nummer / Rufe Bildschirmtext, rufe Bildschirmtext" ("I call this number, I call this number / Call Bildschirmtext, call Bildschirmtext"), reference the service as it was in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildschirmtext&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/bildschirmtext-computerwissen-fuer-alle-a-6dd9ba4b-0002-0001-0000-000014019866">"Bildschirmtext - Computerwissen für alle?"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. March 13, 1983 – via www.spiegel.de.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Bildschirmtext+-+Computerwissen+f%C3%BCr+alle%3F&rft.date=1983-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fbildschirmtext-computerwissen-fuer-alle-a-6dd9ba4b-0002-0001-0000-000014019866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFETSI_Secretariat1990" class="citation web cs1">ETSI Secretariat (November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_i_ets/300001_300099/300072/01_60/ets_300072e01p.pdf">"Terminal Equipment (TE); Videotex presentation layer protocol Videotex presentation layer data syntax"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terminal+Equipment+%28TE%29%3B+Videotex+presentation+layer+protocol+Videotex+presentation+layer+data+syntax&rft.date=1990-11&rft.au=ETSI+Secretariat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etsi.org%2Fdeliver%2Fetsi_i_ets%2F300001_300099%2F300072%2F01_60%2Fets_300072e01p.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bildschirmtext.btx-informationen.rehbein.net/">"Bildschirmtext-Seite nach dem CEPT-Standard als GIF-Graphik wiedergegeben"</a>. <i>bildschirmtext.btx-informationen.rehbein.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bildschirmtext.btx-informationen.rehbein.net&rft.atitle=Bildschirmtext-Seite+nach+dem+CEPT-Standard+als+GIF-Graphik+wiedergegeben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbildschirmtext.btx-informationen.rehbein.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/btx-page-overview-of-bildschirmtext/tgGo7M8lYU15rQ">"BTX page "Overview of Bildschirmtext" — Google Arts & Culture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTX+page+%22Overview+of+Bildschirmtext%22+%E2%80%94+Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fasset%2Fbtx-page-overview-of-bildschirmtext%2FtgGo7M8lYU15rQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museum1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum_for_Communication_Nuremberg" class="citation web cs1">Museum for Communication Nuremberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/mwVROPu6jgAeLA">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Bildschirmtext," a videotex system: A network before the Internet"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Bildschirmtext%2C%22+a+videotex+system%3A+A+network+before+the+Internet&rft.au=Museum+for+Communication+Nuremberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fstory%2FmwVROPu6jgAeLA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcsutherland.smugmug.com/Other/Retrotechnology/Bildschirmtext-Btx-German/i-PBH9x3N/A">"Bildschirmtext (Btx) German Videotex System - David"</a>. <i>dcsutherland.smugmug.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dcsutherland.smugmug.com&rft.atitle=Bildschirmtext+%28Btx%29+German+Videotex+System+-+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcsutherland.smugmug.com%2FOther%2FRetrotechnology%2FBildschirmtext-Btx-German%2Fi-PBH9x3N%2FA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genius.com/Kraftwerk-computerliebe-lyrics">"Kraftwerk - Computer Liebe Lyrics"</a>. <i>Genius.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genius.com&rft.atitle=Kraftwerk+-+Computer+Liebe+Lyrics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FKraftwerk-computerliebe-lyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABildschirmtext" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildschirmtext&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BTX" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BTX">BTX</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719075504/http://dcsutherland.smugmug.com/gallery/4125818">Screen Shots from Btx terminal displaying its description and history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bildschirmtext.btx-informationen.rehbein.net">Some example pages</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14019866.html">Bildschirmtext: Computing for all?</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>, 14 March 1983. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Article on 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style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viewdata" title="Viewdata">Viewdata</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telidon" title="Telidon">Telidon</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestel" title="Prestel">Prestel</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex#Netherlands" title="Videotex">Viditel</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minitel" title="Minitel">Minitel</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewtron" title="Viewtron">Viewtron</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bildschirmtext</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_CitiNet" title="Boston CitiNet">Boston CitiNet</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(videotex)" title="Captain (videotex)">Captain</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Storytime" title="Genesis Storytime">Genesis Storytime</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltel" title="Beltel">Beltel</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtex_666" title="Microtex 666">Microtex 666</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistel" title="Bistel">Bistel</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_(videotex_service)" title="Alex (videotex service)">Alex</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex#Ireland" title="Videotex">Irish Minitel</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Teleview" title="Singapore Teleview">Singapore Teleview</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TerminalT%C3%A9l%C3%A9telV%C3%A9lizy1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/TerminalT%C3%A9l%C3%A9telV%C3%A9lizy1980.jpg/100px-TerminalT%C3%A9l%C3%A9telV%C3%A9lizy1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" 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