CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357b45480c81ef',cH: 'j0SZjRDFKcjV6VZxD1AKoGjZtGdQ3oZliId.i02ncxg-1739792205-1.2.1.1-vhe8_7kHFc_JU_L3qGmMXE7jNcwi3f1WqS2zSEwtg1sbATDOwfOseMBR2AdmneRs',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=qudarature&__cf_chl_tk=F0BiNyfO5qQhYD9fr.ZPsKo7OwTgVECD2SJNILFvP2o-1739792205-1.0.1.1-373_32FGu6yUQ45r3kLXV0P6nsC5NIXvFrfdDoxdWIw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792205',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=qudarature&__cf_chl_f_tk=F0BiNyfO5qQhYD9fr.ZPsKo7OwTgVECD2SJNILFvP2o-1739792205-1.0.1.1-373_32FGu6yUQ45r3kLXV0P6nsC5NIXvFrfdDoxdWIw",md: "fzHU_h9LAV_lgy.NW0so4z2PanhUjRb3amFB2QSh7LU-1739792205-1.2.1.1-R.wEee_uepL5t8m2vcitiF5oZBUauY0ivY6DbIdqSqU_I6z7XAEw9gJpItXJAIQyLatrean132mWKhUupXgxkxNUtLtRp9R7YkwGkN2zM9PuW0WpBTtqJJ3r8ud5pB45rFI..aY4WDh_.MdQBpvDBuXDENqQGZD7GNX3JMzwIwLWQTu3tabR0QOde9UMRCRDLITap8oziqEw8IhwxuBPOpkTXRTFmZ1oHFk5O3C2Gq0iCFqhJHQkJm7SkIfyMwJ2LPwZvPtyQML_rN82_i_hX7nUhsC7Oaaq2gEXho9L7flmRHjTXKQAJ_29XLuI2gFFp0GOhHQ6lVIt3j6RKX7yIMwYljUGH4gPA0JB3Ivs57dVmCgPMMiYG5MAV7Wi.WMnBepOrocg5ocVx1QgPZ8qC.y4CYXtxh1PqmWbi0cnMtZDpQfk8IKr0IDZd68IiM4H2cDStFgU6WKAje5mfpPBHWSnjyhhk432tiNWkaatorxEQcQzROEWDFZBXudgk6xKranHzj2axmwojFjQBSjXkDXAdSc8Sd_G8u5l2h0Udi29XA.2qD97s5sugqgv_np0Zrslexpb3leH6Eq3xcCIYbsEg__RQE3jp5s8wl1Xd.1R8O4YHHYZIDZVEGqJR3LCVL2PJV0x1skqgpCLQGqt7zyd1WbckFFJxztCx0p0RieBCezCE_Aqsf6dY2vh13EOlCje0eRPuyinFE5UOejkPNFmCY2UbAKFt2pIKXTtkN.DgFDedThpQY_pcRdzIeaGolXUYcg3ku9DqGjhbh0v8rziilQGX_xUmPuUhr3jj7a87fAs2hqUJLJtU20Pj43XTAlyVcTCKAcobpb0BXSvVeUZTvR5ZEIWr.9ATYPLKuVhPWtkotr.Fjvz103QlcCvXv5PBN8ZGGbn4E.vel9n9lQtPx9BJD3xonOQNuwkM5erMuJajgw.S7PyaWBpW.ith236uAPoM3GHIh217wVFLyxwO39MTipWpLLmO2dicRX_1oihIfGPxgnOpcy46Jd4DJNWV0ipUl_81PSFK749elClFHoPRhNOYWqSOePzVFqCZHy7J98gj_c8.Zd4v.iVMoCSiNsQxvrUKf99tSWMJkQAiKCEAc2AuwP5XDttyBXpdsk0W3n6GRNVdcaGGITDtyY33BKVb8RV.zJr2OAoUdJLWfx2biJIIpELfTC13KxkKTjt2pP3NsH5GAw371ROmuMQUb7p7jo.pm49dEtVOfyglyPv7olRRB3n4OZvYBZbUSAAt2B7KEudaY70tkjRIVGj8ON9m953.LJxcd3KmRF_FsdiU802LQ3hTk_8EuuAx4z1siAwloVGbxtAdiGiTg.3.tQhMnwjIx4Fc36OsD2SKVipGcibMOJAR6ex407d_12PSTABgzymgrOWdSXEUUk3Ch.L8NZLZMv2Pd_ld.48auetJxG_RYW1FcBO3TJPYe3mirn5_MAAQWZG1m4Y5ej2jEUiYohE8ijTgUP75i08q9PTMo.hF9vkK26PNAvqAFJGT_kG_ApEgiodMNcwucfRgvb7zkM3usM_KpWAN1GW1X7VsKcpz.C_baXBuMO8qDr1WovniYKbUCEnvXMnPJvxI8bjgPXG1MvfLmu9DXsdI7pa1AxNBoDJLuS7yAQBksfCAijfFqqSRk_e2aw8Q6aOM6cO1f8N5Z00QoYV.VL1bp4S5QqGJuPFFm6e4BIrL.pHQ8bj9_gaVZGiPczCkfZ5enX4c_VqxXGbQu9fOnHeXW_sM1ujiOwraWFTvRAWqXPNfOSndyhcJ5G.zkGVfVUmNUYq2e_P.b9K6ixbK1GzmJlGUBEH7Xx97J6zphoz9RHk6O.7KLFT4El5FMTIvXs_3PSYE7jaaDmPjhM5WsXt9qHGa7roEBrcRaIyy_0McRsgbzyr5yKnTQPz.NgUUIZQByZZxg30YsUsfxa9_g",mdrd: "xtZDrUPaDBj8JYrPszvDCl79ERkL1x.MPFvj0hzp4Sc-1739792205-1.2.1.1-nWtbwWEFp8itBaCXc6emSkoIbS0xijiSCEMVQTT693SsAdf.CInuMcS77S.7RwI0qieuOYBFY4vIRmHPn_R4_mn8zgRjQlb2TuHCBAlvlH4mcuSwAbbkPk7I0NgqVwjElZT5nckdm9XZ1wAj0Btu5R0peM3OoOBncTXEDKySb8b5TC_NQhBGc73_4AQmhR4KkjnnxLvNUdyWc_aQzYA_wmgQGiUYDNrddMiocExf.eIIumyS5w0a663BJIjKivunt_SbbUFPb.TzxUqf8ORMoUJMAzoTGNL5P7UNpnkrFtT6HpQ3VEVfJx1tF.OjXOiFW5je9N0RmmGANWRhDKXPDOQMLJpFJ8iOAQiKR1imaRGVMduUaCWqIATQP0ZopU5Olch_KHbIliucfVB18x_MliUWa.jA8gVNzSQVXPK8QIEl8fDW3bZdPk2F1yebPpGuYEbrbUutIgvBWAHi8HbOu8TgXlkytVtUaMnsrVJlIzP8F5QiX5adiVnA3rvlmCJ62Wa1lV22q2rzURMJIuygqKlpSm.lXBt8DC6OsMMD1lzBbmH050Qli7P6JlEJDFEbvvcM8i7KKQQSpAeS5TYMfRoQxpKXlAfH_ob.wKJ2293tz35mczSBGXJGpUUy0kfJhDbT38R03CbMRMvObhM_pma8.DLIZmTBtCOwAw4iTkOFLqTtOOsiOU8AhaWaXDy9CSuu_DkMDZqFypo4dwIl7KKQQeeLBytkIDw1QpgSO5nRYbnh3_vctm44D9QW041ZL8Xufb6JVCALKXvSkPPd5K8aSQjycDOnSUUghKIeKOEwN2g4G4I1do9IggXk8levW88Pb7paC_dEXoecvAt5OYUz2rmsjS2Aum5txKtycNiI2wYAViOXsgTVGZ_l6WoGC5clWjmwkL85l3Z_GGAOFm9TGbV3u2GLPfu6lbt6vdpORM6YNAs_r8qcZV96efxQPRQtXuxsx_puRkSKNje1qfnVjvllsj9swKVNbmDSfcIygG_xH5PB98BVemxSU2UDAumOxWZD.XQsjdCkSygTGYlbS8io7TpsHjFe_Sgzsq5.NrkrtvERHvbJf_jFrA7wxaaQrmJ.mEhBKVSNVQqZDW8cU63B1Kc5KgEoKsDZS8tmwWIgP6uqaFUY_HDeBEfTCvPMaBR6cfGl8HciS3W.TO5bmASNWoaMKNoZMFHuv2RlvktyBHGbpS0Nx4X9G4HSjYoVrk9cJYKGQ85VOv9GSrMEp7s9dgcDM9P3WHD69fqQkD7ys4ofh6HUpJ0dUg6Dg3Ti1GBsQ29YAm8yGjy81HmyeaNtNy1mVbigKHMpMR4_PuY4Ro4lcWKUVDACfPzlSTUV0QJLQwiYbY_BFdnvhKpIz8C73yoZ0djRXpEMY7idxdJODqq3X0ptWSJ2yubMdR5_htGyB1sZiaFZk1UuwdXPA4gp9t7cp4gEJTDX5OLzor5atMWwTktAAl.kPa8RCy_DQ8KKMewbvTuNxaOixL8WAEU474polZGMAoglIw7k1VTVFUpXTcpAQVgWl_wwPreQQ77Cq0eaarlN6.gDKjmcTY_nFP4zKQg.1beROTijMuxd59FUJYTqf2ReJ2Wy1q26svzBqGZo46mWqoNzYgYXvSux9.VamXe5Mg4EqgtWP9IDXXYBJJkdqWEX0uprDxrC4eEUDZmoZzxiQ_XgoqkklQsv4ydTsRlZUQGIh094HD6H2l57JPmfrP7MfMtPIWxhZ3XRUowe8DVhskj46rVrG48lqujGsPbslKuzoUN62VaoxeOYaEY6LGOg4f3TgxgGaaLErYJmDeLsEkwi9WYfZ_AvQZX33WSWtYwO1juBM6XDJKzGJf4jf0xu4qWh3pbNIVlGRIVwToFdYibO3k2sTKA.2uMFotjEzxYBl904B5sV.rF9u1ixzfGVsLy1OFDKVuQEmsYelkeh2JcnemPdY.eT5Smqavf3P0UErXC_S6dV12uBJBC7Ob0MF02s"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357b45480c81ef';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=qudarature&__cf_chl_rt_tk=F0BiNyfO5qQhYD9fr.ZPsKo7OwTgVECD2SJNILFvP2o-1739792205-1.0.1.1-373_32FGu6yUQ45r3kLXV0P6nsC5NIXvFrfdDoxdWIw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>