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Around 16,000 students from more than 100 countries choose to study at Lancaster because of our excellent reputation for research, teaching and student satisfaction. Lancaster is a truly global community with international collaborations all over the world and teaching partnerships in China, Malaysia, Ghana and Germany.</p> </div> <section class="grid-four grid-last"> <h4 class="legacy">Links</h4> <ul class="article-list"> <li class="article"> <a itemprop="url" href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/">Visit lancaster.ac.uk/</a> </li> <li class="article"> <a href="/become-an-author">Are you an expert from this institution? Register to write</a> </li> <li class="feed"> <a href="/institutions/lancaster-university-1176/articles.atom"> <i class="icon-rss"></i> Article Feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> <nav id="tabbed-navigation" class="tabbed tabbed-section-navigation"> <a class="tab active" href="#articles">Articles</a> <a class="tab" href="#contributors">Authors</a> </nav> <div class="institution-page sm-display-articles"> <div class="grid-ten large-grid-eight"> <section id="articles"> <h3 class="border">Displaying 1 - 20 of 1356 articles</h3> <div class="content-list"> <article data-id="243527" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Farm inheritance tax: farmers cannot go green if they are in the red" href="/farm-inheritance-tax-farmers-cannot-go-green-if-they-are-in-the-red-243527"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.50299401197605%;--background-color:#98635c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/632979/original/file-20241119-15-9fis4a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C945%2C5642%2C2820&q=45&auto=format&w=668&h=324&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="632979"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Farmers are protesting new taxes on farms worth more than £1 million. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">EPA-EFE/Tolga Akmen</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-19T17:18:11Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 19, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/farm-inheritance-tax-farmers-cannot-go-green-if-they-are-in-the-red-243527">Farm inheritance tax: farmers cannot go green if they are in the red</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alex-heffron-1512899">Alex Heffron</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>If British farms are less competitive then food production will simply shift elsewhere.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="243754" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Will politicians and terrorist leaders live forever in the age of AI?" href="/will-politicians-and-terrorist-leaders-live-forever-in-the-age-of-ai-243754"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#30464e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/632965/original/file-20241119-19-lh968j.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=855%2C14%2C3098%2C3098&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="632965"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Could dead leaders soon be replaced by AI tools that can produce virtual figures? </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Associated Press / Alamy Stock Photo</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-19T17:17:47Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 19, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/will-politicians-and-terrorist-leaders-live-forever-in-the-age-of-ai-243754">Will politicians and terrorist leaders live forever in the age of AI?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mark-lacy-102484">Mark Lacy</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>What might the age of generative AI tools mean for strategic thinking and planning within organisations losing key figures?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="243122" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="We passed 1.5°C of <span class="nobr">human-caused</span> warming this year (just not as the Paris agreement measures it)" href="/we-passed-1-5-c-of-human-caused-warming-this-year-just-not-as-the-paris-agreement-measures-it-243122"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#483a30"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/631236/original/file-20241111-15-qdmbrt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1838%2C0%2C3667%2C3667&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="631236"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source"> Cristian Storto / shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-14T13:14:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 14, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/we-passed-1-5-c-of-human-caused-warming-this-year-just-not-as-the-paris-agreement-measures-it-243122">We passed 1.5°C of <span class="nobr">human-caused</span> warming this year (just not as the Paris agreement measures it)</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andrew-jarvis-2255869">Andrew Jarvis</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/piers-forster-271934">Piers Forster</a>, <em>University of Leeds</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>The usual ‘pre-industrial’ baseline already contains some human-caused warming. Our method uses a much earlier baseline.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="236965" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="TikTok and WHO are getting together to help combat widespread health misinformation on social media" href="/tiktok-and-who-are-getting-together-to-help-combat-widespread-health-misinformation-on-social-media-236965"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a67a68"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/626526/original/file-20241017-15-exs4dr.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=271%2C0%2C3453%2C3453&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="626526"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Nattakorn_Maneerat/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-13T14:25:50Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 13, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/tiktok-and-who-are-getting-together-to-help-combat-widespread-health-misinformation-on-social-media-236965">TikTok and WHO are getting together to help combat widespread health misinformation on social media</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-taylor-283950">Adam Taylor</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>While there are plenty of patient perspectives on social media , resources from healthcare professionals are far fewer – and are often lower quality.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242497" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="<span class="nobr">Mouth-taping</span> to treat sleep apnoea – here are the risks" href="/mouth-taping-to-treat-sleep-apnoea-here-are-the-risks-242497"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ae6958"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/630894/original/file-20241108-17-us2ta6.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=941%2C0%2C3091%2C3089&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="630894"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">PHOTOGRAPG_ER/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-12T13:48:01Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 12, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/mouth-taping-to-treat-sleep-apnoea-here-are-the-risks-242497"><span class="nobr">Mouth-taping</span> to treat sleep apnoea – here are the risks</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-taylor-283950">Adam Taylor</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>No simple treatments for sleep apnoea exists. But is taping your mouth shut really a solution?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242843" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Bolivia slides towards anarchy as two bitter rivals prepare for showdown 2025 election" href="/bolivia-slides-towards-anarchy-as-two-bitter-rivals-prepare-for-showdown-2025-election-242843"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4b362a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/630617/original/file-20241107-15-y2g54q.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=953%2C0%2C2257%2C2257&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="630617"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Bolivian security forces at a roadblock set up by supporters of former president Evo Morales. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Luis Gandarillas / EPA</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-11T12:56:54Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 11, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/bolivia-slides-towards-anarchy-as-two-bitter-rivals-prepare-for-showdown-2025-election-242843">Bolivia slides towards anarchy as two bitter rivals prepare for showdown 2025 election</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/amalendu-misra-176979">Amalendu Misra</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Tensions are on the rise in Bolivia and there looks to be no end in sight.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242884" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="A saga para desvendar o mistério por trás do surgimento do Universo" href="/a-saga-para-desvendar-o-misterio-por-tras-do-surgimento-do-universo-242884"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#473054"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/629889/original/file-20241010-19-iegwuo.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=658%2C59%2C1447%2C1447&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="629889"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Visualização do Big Bang: nossas teorias nos permitem retroceder no tempo até frações de segundo após o início do Universo como conhecemos, mas talvez nunca saibamos a história completa. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-07T14:18:37Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 7, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/a-saga-para-desvendar-o-misterio-por-tras-do-surgimento-do-universo-242884">A saga para desvendar o mistério por trás do surgimento do Universo</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/konstantinos-dimopoulos-211273">Konstantinos Dimopoulos</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Podemos realmente entender o que aconteceu no início do Universo?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241822" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Booker prize 2024: the six shortlisted books reviewed by our experts" href="/booker-prize-2024-the-six-shortlisted-books-reviewed-by-our-experts-241822"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#59522c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/626949/original/file-20241021-15-58y77c.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1965%2C0%2C3233%2C3233&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="626949"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Booker Prize Foundation</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T12:19:15Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 6, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/booker-prize-2024-the-six-shortlisted-books-reviewed-by-our-experts-241822">Booker prize 2024: the six shortlisted books reviewed by our experts</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/manjeet-ridon-2240552">Manjeet Ridon</a>, <em>De Montfort University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/debra-benita-shaw-1480024">Debra Benita Shaw</a>, <em>University of East London</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/diana-wallace-1171097">Diana Wallace</a>, <em>University of South Wales</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/emily-zobel-marshall-896640">Emily Zobel Marshall</a>, <em>Leeds Beckett University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ines-gregori-labarta-2249453">Inés Gregori Labarta</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sarah-trott-1283649">Sarah Trott</a>, <em>York St John University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>From a longlist of 13, six novels have been shortlisted for the 2024 Booker prize. Our academics review the finalists.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242980" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How the Trump presidency might change the global economy" href="/how-the-trump-presidency-might-change-the-global-economy-242980"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#29284d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/630366/original/file-20241106-15-l0ih3i.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="630366"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> blank. </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T11:57:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 6, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-the-trump-presidency-might-change-the-global-economy-242980">How the Trump presidency might change the global economy</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/renaud-foucart-844157">Renaud Foucart</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>As the US looks further inwards, the rest of the world must learn to work together and forge new routes to prosperity and climate goals.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241711" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Donald Trump wins US election – what the experts said" href="/donald-trump-wins-us-election-what-the-experts-said-241711"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9c6a5d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/630227/original/file-20241105-15-6okgiu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="630227"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source"> KLYONA /Alamy</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T15:55:44Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 6, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/donald-trump-wins-us-election-what-the-experts-said-241711">Donald Trump wins US election – what the experts said</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/uk/team#jonathan-este">Jonathan Este</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/uk/team#rachael-jolley">Rachael Jolley</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/uk/team#sam-phelps">Sam Phelps</a>, <em>The Conversation</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>A summary of what the Conversation is publishing on the US election, as it goes live.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242245" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How the state of our oceans is intrinsically linked to human health – new report" href="/how-the-state-of-our-oceans-is-intrinsically-linked-to-human-health-new-report-242245"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#384e69"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/629064/original/file-20241030-15-dpryom.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1113%2C0%2C3997%2C3997&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="629064"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">eedafizie/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-31T17:37:34Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 31, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-the-state-of-our-oceans-is-intrinsically-linked-to-human-health-new-report-242245">How the state of our oceans is intrinsically linked to human health – new report</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/edward-h-allison-1291495">Edward H. Allison</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Conservation measures can be designed in ways that improve nutrition and health of people.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239911" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="It all started with a Big Bang – the quest to unravel the mystery behind the birth of the universe" href="/it-all-started-with-a-big-bang-the-quest-to-unravel-the-mystery-behind-the-birth-of-the-universe-239911"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#473152"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/624957/original/file-20241010-19-iegwuo.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=658%2C59%2C1447%2C1447&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="624957"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-31T13:05:28Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 31, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/it-all-started-with-a-big-bang-the-quest-to-unravel-the-mystery-behind-the-birth-of-the-universe-239911">It all started with a Big Bang – the quest to unravel the mystery behind the birth of the universe</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/konstantinos-dimopoulos-211273">Konstantinos Dimopoulos</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Can we really understand what happened at the beginning of the universe?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242327" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Political sectarianism is fracturing America" href="/political-sectarianism-is-fracturing-america-242327"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d3533"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/628459/original/file-20241028-19-p3pmed.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=395%2C0%2C2664%2C2664&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="628459"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> At loggerheads: Trump and Biden Supporters clash at the Supreme Court in Washington DC. November 14, 2020. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Niyi Fote/TheNEWS2/ZUMA Wire/Alamy Live News</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T14:54:35Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 30, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/political-sectarianism-is-fracturing-america-242327">Political sectarianism is fracturing America</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/simon-mabon-111408">Simon Mabon</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>The American political landscape now finds itself at a point where difference is seen as antagonistic.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241386" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Haiti’s gangs turn to starving children to bolster their ranks" href="/haitis-gangs-turn-to-starving-children-to-bolster-their-ranks-241386"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#5c3829"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/625938/original/file-20241015-15-u6a6dy.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1796%2C0%2C3576%2C3576&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="625938"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A child looks on in the Carrade refugee camp in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, May 2024. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Orlando Barría / EPA</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-29T12:59:14Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 29, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/haitis-gangs-turn-to-starving-children-to-bolster-their-ranks-241386">Haiti’s gangs turn to starving children to bolster their ranks</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/amalendu-misra-176979">Amalendu Misra</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Haiti’s gangs are turning their attention to vulnerable boys and girls as their battle with security forces continues.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241040" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Five reasons Warhammer 40,000 should be considered a great work of science fiction" href="/five-reasons-warhammer-40-000-should-be-considered-a-great-work-of-science-fiction-241040"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9c6754"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/625629/original/file-20241014-15-s7svgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=551%2C0%2C620%2C620&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="625629"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A character from the video game Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine II. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">IGDB</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-28T17:36:58Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 28, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/five-reasons-warhammer-40-000-should-be-considered-a-great-work-of-science-fiction-241040">Five reasons Warhammer 40,000 should be considered a great work of science fiction</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mike-ryder-334712">Mike Ryder</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>While it is fair to say that Warhammer 40k has so far been underrepresented in science fiction circles, it seems the tide is finally starting to turn.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242172" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Is Tim Burton an outsider auteur or a global megastar? The Design Museum thinks it has the answer" href="/is-tim-burton-an-outsider-auteur-or-a-global-megastar-the-design-museum-thinks-it-has-the-answer-242172"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#322e4c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/628069/original/file-20241024-15-vqj1jm.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=922%2C16%2C3639%2C3639&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="628069"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Tim Burton at the opening of the exhibition. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Design Museum/Matt Crossick</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-28T12:47:34Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 28, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/is-tim-burton-an-outsider-auteur-or-a-global-megastar-the-design-museum-thinks-it-has-the-answer-242172">Is Tim Burton an outsider auteur or a global megastar? The Design Museum thinks it has the answer</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/catherine-spooner-158139">Catherine Spooner</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Some of the most thrilling items are the most personal, from teen fan art to scribbles on table napkins and university lecture notes.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="236833" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Coffee price volatility harms the mental health of farmers" href="/coffee-price-volatility-harms-the-mental-health-of-farmers-236833"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#503932"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/627409/original/file-20241022-15-jq2kt1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=2288%2C0%2C4598%2C4596&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="627409"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Oleg Brusencev/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-24T14:26:07Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 24, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/coffee-price-volatility-harms-the-mental-health-of-farmers-236833">Coffee price volatility harms the mental health of farmers</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/saurabh-singhal-1206126">Saurabh Singhal</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/finn-tarp-223619">Finn Tarp</a>, <em>University of Copenhagen</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Recent research highlights the hidden effects of a fluctuating market.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="240960" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How your online world could change if big tech companies like Google are forced to break up" href="/how-your-online-world-could-change-if-big-tech-companies-like-google-are-forced-to-break-up-240960"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2d4350"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/626669/original/file-20241018-17-61hgi9.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=790%2C30%2C2121%2C2121&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="626669"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">vectorfusionart/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-18T15:48:27Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 18, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-your-online-world-could-change-if-big-tech-companies-like-google-are-forced-to-break-up-240960">How your online world could change if big tech companies like Google are forced to break up</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/renaud-foucart-844157">Renaud Foucart</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Less domination could lead to more choice and innovation.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241182" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Why breakdancing can give you a <span class="nobr">cone-shaped</span> head" href="/why-breakdancing-can-give-you-a-cone-shaped-head-241182"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#453f46"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/626216/original/file-20241016-15-k4hgbs.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1177%2C0%2C5469%2C5464&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="626216"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Master1305/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-16T15:49:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 16, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/why-breakdancing-can-give-you-a-cone-shaped-head-241182">Why breakdancing can give you a <span class="nobr">cone-shaped</span> head</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-taylor-283950">Adam Taylor</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>Approximately 30% of breakdancers report hair loss and scalp inflammation caused by repetitive head-spinning. What you need to know about newly identified condition ‘headspin hole’</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241314" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Threads: the harrowing 1984 BBC docudrama is back on our screens – scary but appropriate viewing for our uncertain times" href="/threads-the-harrowing-1984-bbc-docudrama-is-back-on-our-screens-scary-but-appropriate-viewing-for-our-uncertain-times-241314"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#28435b"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/626192/original/file-20241016-15-7qcyda.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=485%2C0%2C1048%2C1048&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="626192"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The BBC docudrama Threads shocked audiences in 1984. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">BBC</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-16T12:16:42Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 16, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/threads-the-harrowing-1984-bbc-docudrama-is-back-on-our-screens-scary-but-appropriate-viewing-for-our-uncertain-times-241314">Threads: the harrowing 1984 BBC docudrama is back on our screens – scary but appropriate viewing for our uncertain times</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mark-lacy-102484">Mark Lacy</a>, <em>Lancaster University</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content" data-raw=""> <span>The return of the terrifying BBC film is a reminder of the dangerous times we live in.</span> </div> </article> </div> <nav class="pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="pager"> <span class="page current"> 1 </span> <span class="page"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/lancaster-university-1176?page=2">2</a> </span> <span 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href="/profiles/adam-taylor-283950"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/283950/width170/image-20230309-16-v7179i.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Adam Taylor </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor and Director of the Clinical Anatomy Learning Centre, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1512899" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/alex-heffron-1512899"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1512899/width170/image-20240219-28-rjm6og.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Alex Heffron </span> </a> <p class="role"> PhD Candidate in Geography, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-176979" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/amalendu-misra-176979"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/176979/width170/image-20240405-16-foxykn.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Amalendu Misra </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of International Politics, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2255869" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/andrew-jarvis-2255869"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2255869/width170/image-20241109-15-hyyiev.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Andrew Jarvis </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2224741" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/benedicta-quaye-2224741"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2224741/width170/image-20241003-17-hlqvht.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Benedicta Quaye </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer in Anatomy, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-158139" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/catherine-spooner-158139"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/158139/width170/image-20231023-15-qo6u3w.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Catherine Spooner </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Literature and Culture, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1291495" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/edward-h-allison-1291495"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1291495/width170/image-20211117-21-1b74wq6.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Edward H. Allison </span> </a> <p class="role"> Honorary Visiting Professor, Reef Environments (REEFS Group), Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2249453" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/ines-gregori-labarta-2249453"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2249453/width170/image-20241101-17-d1cfs.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Inés Gregori Labarta </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer in Creative Writing, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-211273" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/konstantinos-dimopoulos-211273"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/211273/width170/images.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Konstantinos Dimopoulos </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor in Particle Cosmology, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-104993" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/mark-garnett-104993"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/104993/width170/RackMultipart20130926-30431-l5r3e0.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Mark Garnett </span> </a> <p class="role"> Senior Lecturer in Politics, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-102484" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/mark-lacy-102484"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/102484/width170/image-20241118-21-ohpjob.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Mark Lacy </span> </a> <p class="role"> Senior Lecturer, School of Global Affairs, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-334712" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/mike-ryder-334712"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/334712/width170/image-20220729-9109-c92z10.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Mike Ryder </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer in Marketing, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-844157" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/renaud-foucart-844157"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/844157/width170/image-20220810-12-odp1vv.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Renaud Foucart </span> </a> <p class="role"> Senior Lecturer in Economics, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1206126" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/saurabh-singhal-1206126"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1206126/width170/file-20210207-19-1xx4is7.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Saurabh Singhal </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate professor, Lancaster University </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-111408" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/simon-mabon-111408"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/111408/width170/RackMultipart20131210-31356-1bnm09v.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Simon Mabon </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of International Relations, Lancaster University </p> </li> </ol> <p class="more"> <a 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j{constructor(e){this.options=e,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=S.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(e){if(!(e=b(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const t=e.split("-");return 2===t.length?null:(t.pop(),"x"===t[t.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(t.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(e){if(!(e=b(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return e;const t=e.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(t[0])}formatLanguageCode(e){if(i(e)&&e.indexOf("-")>-1){let t=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(e)[0];return t&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(t=t.toLowerCase()),t||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e}isSupportedCode(e){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(e=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(e)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(e){if(!e)return null;let t;return e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.formatLanguageCode(e);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(s)||(t=s)})),!t&&this.options.supportedLngs&&e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);if(this.isSupportedCode(s))return t=s;t=this.options.supportedLngs.find((e=>e===s?e:e.indexOf("-")<0&&s.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:e.indexOf("-")>0&&s.indexOf("-")<0&&e.substring(0,e.indexOf("-"))===s||0===e.indexOf(s)&&s.length>1?e:void 0))})),t||(t=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),t}getFallbackCodes(e,t){if(!e)return[];if("function"==typeof e&&(e=e(t)),i(e)&&(e=[e]),Array.isArray(e))return e;if(!t)return e.default||[];let s=e[t];return s||(s=e[this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.formatLanguageCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e.default),s||[]}toResolveHierarchy(e,t){const s=this.getFallbackCodes(t||this.options.fallbackLng||[],e),n=[],o=e=>{e&&(this.isSupportedCode(e)?n.push(e):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${e}`))};return i(e)&&(e.indexOf("-")>-1||e.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))):i(e)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),s.forEach((e=>{n.indexOf(e)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(e))})),n}}const $={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},C={select:e=>1===e?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class N{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=e,this.options=t,this.logger=S.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(e,t){this.rules[e]=t}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const s=b("dev"===e?"en":e),i=t.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",n=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:s,type:i});if(n in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[n];let o;try{o=new Intl.PluralRules(s,{type:i})}catch(s){if(!Intl)return this.logger.error("No Intl support, please use an Intl polyfill!"),C;if(!e.match(/-|_/))return C;const i=this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);o=this.getRule(i,t)}return this.pluralRulesCache[n]=o,o}needsPlural(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},s=this.getRule(e,t);return s||(s=this.getRule("dev",t)),s?.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};return this.getSuffixes(e,s).map((e=>`${t}${e}`))}getSuffixes(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},s=this.getRule(e,t);return s||(s=this.getRule("dev",t)),s?s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((e,t)=>$[e]-$[t])).map((e=>`${this.options.prepend}${t.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${e}`)):[]}getSuffix(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const i=this.getRule(e,s);return i?`${this.options.prepend}${s.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${i.select(t)}`:(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${e}`),this.getSuffix("dev",t,s))}}const E=function(e,t,s){let n=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:".",o=!(arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4])||arguments[4],r=((e,t,s)=>{const i=h(e,s);return void 0!==i?i:h(t,s)})(e,t,s);return!r&&o&&i(s)&&(r=y(e,s,n),void 0===r&&(r=y(t,s,n))),r},A=e=>e.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class T{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=S.create("interpolator"),this.options=e,this.format=e?.interpolation?.format||(e=>e),this.init(e)}init(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};e.interpolation||(e.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:t,escapeValue:s,useRawValueToEscape:i,prefix:n,prefixEscaped:o,suffix:r,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:l,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:u,nestingPrefix:h,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:g,nestingSuffixEscaped:v,nestingOptionsSeparator:m,maxReplaces:y,alwaysFormat:b}=e.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==t?t:f,this.escapeValue=void 0===s||s,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==i&&i,this.prefix=n?d(n):o||"{{",this.suffix=r?d(r):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=l||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":u||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=h?d(h):p||d("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=g?d(g):v||d(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=m||",",this.maxReplaces=y||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==b&&b,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const e=(e,t)=>e?.source===t?(e.lastIndex=0,e):new RegExp(t,"g");this.regexp=e(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=e(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=e(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(e,t,s,n){let r,a,l;const c=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},u=e=>{if(e.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const i=E(t,c,e,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(i,void 0,s,{...n,...t,interpolationkey:e}):i}const i=e.split(this.formatSeparator),o=i.shift().trim(),r=i.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(E(t,c,o,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),r,s,{...n,...t,interpolationkey:o})};this.resetRegExp();const h=n?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,p=void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:e=>A(e)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:e=>this.escapeValue?A(this.escape(e)):A(e)}].forEach((t=>{for(l=0;r=t.regex.exec(e);){const s=r[1].trim();if(a=u(s),void 0===a)if("function"==typeof h){const t=h(e,r,n);a=i(t)?t:""}else if(n&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,s))a="";else{if(p){a=r[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${s} for interpolating ${e}`),a=""}else i(a)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(a=o(a));const c=t.safeValue(a);if(e=e.replace(r[0],c),p?(t.regex.lastIndex+=a.length,t.regex.lastIndex-=r[0].length):t.regex.lastIndex=0,l++,l>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),e}nest(e,t){let s,n,r,a=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const l=(e,t)=>{const s=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(e.indexOf(s)<0)return e;const i=e.split(new RegExp(`${s}[ ]*{`));let n=`{${i[1]}`;e=i[0],n=this.interpolate(n,r);const o=n.match(/'/g),a=n.match(/"/g);((o?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(n=n.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{r=JSON.parse(n),t&&(r={...t,...r})}catch(t){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${e}`,t),`${e}${s}${n}`}return r.defaultValue&&r.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete r.defaultValue,e};for(;s=this.nestingRegexp.exec(e);){let c=[];r={...a},r=r.replace&&!i(r.replace)?r.replace:r,r.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete r.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==s[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(s[1])){const e=s[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((e=>e.trim()));s[1]=e.shift(),c=e,u=!0}if(n=t(l.call(this,s[1].trim(),r),r),n&&s[0]===e&&!i(n))return n;i(n)||(n=o(n)),n||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${s[1]} for nesting ${e}`),n=""),u&&(n=c.reduce(((e,t)=>this.format(e,t,a.lng,{...a,interpolationkey:s[1].trim()})),n.trim())),e=e.replace(s[0],n),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return e}}const D=e=>{const t={};return(s,i,n)=>{let o=n;n&&n.interpolationkey&&n.formatParams&&n.formatParams[n.interpolationkey]&&n[n.interpolationkey]&&(o={...o,[n.interpolationkey]:void 0});const r=i+JSON.stringify(o);let a=t[r];return a||(a=e(b(i),n),t[r]=a),a(s)}};class I{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=S.create("formatter"),this.options=e,this.formats={number:D(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),currency:D(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t,style:"currency"});return e=>s.format(e)})),datetime:D(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),relativetime:D(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e,t.range||"day")})),list:D(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.ListFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)}))},this.init(e)}init(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=t.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=t}addCached(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=D(t)}format(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const n=t.split(this.formatSeparator);if(n.length>1&&n[0].indexOf("(")>1&&n[0].indexOf(")")<0&&n.find((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1))){const e=n.findIndex((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1));n[0]=[n[0],...n.splice(1,e)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return n.reduce(((e,t)=>{const{formatName:n,formatOptions:o}=(e=>{let t=e.toLowerCase().trim();const s={};if(e.indexOf("(")>-1){const i=e.split("(");t=i[0].toLowerCase().trim();const n=i[1].substring(0,i[1].length-1);"currency"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.currency||(s.currency=n.trim()):"relativetime"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.range||(s.range=n.trim()):n.split(";").forEach((e=>{if(e){const[t,...i]=e.split(":"),n=i.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),o=t.trim();s[o]||(s[o]=n),"false"===n&&(s[o]=!1),"true"===n&&(s[o]=!0),isNaN(n)||(s[o]=parseInt(n,10))}}))}return{formatName:t,formatOptions:s}})(t);if(this.formats[n]){let t=e;try{const r=i?.formatParams?.[i.interpolationkey]||{},a=r.locale||r.lng||i.locale||i.lng||s;t=this.formats[n](e,a,{...o,...i,...r})}catch(e){this.logger.warn(e)}return t}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${n}`),e}),e)}}class V extends O{constructor(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=e,this.store=t,this.services=s,this.languageUtils=s.languageUtils,this.options=i,this.logger=S.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=i.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=i.maxRetries>=0?i.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=i.retryTimeout>=1?i.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(s,i.backend,i)}queueLoad(e,t,s,i){const n={},o={},r={},a={};return e.forEach((e=>{let i=!0;t.forEach((t=>{const r=`${e}|${t}`;!s.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(e,t)?this.state[r]=2:this.state[r]<0||(1===this.state[r]?void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0):(this.state[r]=1,i=!1,void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0),void 0===n[r]&&(n[r]=!0),void 0===a[t]&&(a[t]=!0)))})),i||(r[e]=!0)})),(Object.keys(n).length||Object.keys(o).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:o,pendingCount:Object.keys(o).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:i}),{toLoad:Object.keys(n),pending:Object.keys(o),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(r),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(e,t,s){const i=e.split("|"),n=i[0],o=i[1];t&&this.emit("failedLoading",n,o,t),!t&&s&&this.store.addResourceBundle(n,o,s,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[e]=t?-1:2,t&&s&&(this.state[e]=0);const r={};this.queue.forEach((s=>{((e,t,s,i)=>{const{obj:n,k:o}=c(e,t,Object);n[o]=n[o]||[],n[o].push(s)})(s.loaded,[n],o),((e,t)=>{void 0!==e.pending[t]&&(delete e.pending[t],e.pendingCount--)})(s,e),t&&s.errors.push(t),0!==s.pendingCount||s.done||(Object.keys(s.loaded).forEach((e=>{r[e]||(r[e]={});const t=s.loaded[e];t.length&&t.forEach((t=>{void 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s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),n&&n();i(e)&&(e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e)),i(t)&&(t=[t]);const o=this.queueLoad(e,t,s,n);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||n(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((e=>{this.loadOne(e)}))}load(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{},s)}reload(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{reload:!0},s)}loadOne(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const s=e.split("|"),i=s[0],n=s[1];this.read(i,n,"read",void 0,void 0,((s,o)=>{s&&this.logger.warn(`${t}loading namespace ${n} for language ${i} failed`,s),!s&&o&&this.logger.log(`${t}loaded namespace ${n} for language ${i}`,o),this.loaded(e,s,o)}))}saveMissing(e,t,s,i,n){let o=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},r=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(t)){if(null!=s&&""!==s){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...o,isUpdate:n},l=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(l.length<6)try{let n;n=5===l.length?l(e,t,s,i,a):l(e,t,s,i),n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,n)}catch(e){r(e)}else l(e,t,s,i,r,a)}e&&e[0]&&this.store.addResource(e[0],t,s,i)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${s}" as the namespace "${t}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const F=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:e=>{let t={};if("object"==typeof e[1]&&(t=e[1]),i(e[1])&&(t.defaultValue=e[1]),i(e[2])&&(t.tDescription=e[2]),"object"==typeof e[2]||"object"==typeof e[3]){const s=e[3]||e[2];Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{t[e]=s[e]}))}return t},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:e=>e,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),M=e=>(i(e.ns)&&(e.ns=[e.ns]),i(e.fallbackLng)&&(e.fallbackLng=[e.fallbackLng]),i(e.fallbackNS)&&(e.fallbackNS=[e.fallbackNS]),e.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(e.supportedLngs=e.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof e.initImmediate&&(e.initAsync=e.initImmediate),e),U=()=>{};class H extends O{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var s;if(super(),this.options=M(e),this.services={},this.logger=S,this.modules={external:[]},s=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(s)).forEach((e=>{"function"==typeof s[e]&&(s[e]=s[e].bind(s))})),t&&!this.isInitialized&&!e.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(e,t),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(e,t)}),0)}}init(){var e=this;let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},s=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t={}),!t.defaultNS&&!1!==t.defaultNS&&t.ns&&(i(t.ns)?t.defaultNS=t.ns:t.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(t.defaultNS=t.ns[0]));const o=F();this.options={...o,...this.options,...M(t)},this.options.interpolation={...o.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==t.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=t.keySeparator),void 0!==t.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=t.nsSeparator);const r=e=>e?"function"==typeof e?new e:e:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let t;this.modules.logger?S.init(r(this.modules.logger),this.options):S.init(null,this.options),t=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:I;const s=new j(this.options);this.store=new w(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=S,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=s,i.pluralResolver=new N(s,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!t||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==o.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=r(t),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new T(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new V(r(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=r(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=r(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new P(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.external.forEach((e=>{e.init&&e.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,s||(s=U),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const e=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);e.length>0&&"dev"!==e[0]&&(this.options.lng=e[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments),e}}));const a=n(),l=()=>{const e=(e,t)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),a.resolve(t),s(e,t)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return e(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,e)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?l():setTimeout(l,0),a}loadResources(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:U;const s=i(e)?e:this.language;if("function"==typeof e&&(t=e),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===s?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return t();const e=[],i=t=>{if(!t)return;if("cimode"===t)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t).forEach((t=>{"cimode"!==t&&e.indexOf(t)<0&&e.push(t)}))};if(s)i(s);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((e=>i(e)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((e=>i(e))),this.services.backendConnector.load(e,this.options.ns,(e=>{e||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),t(e)}))}else t(null)}reloadResources(e,t,s){const i=n();return"function"==typeof e&&(s=e,e=void 0),"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t=void 0),e||(e=this.languages),t||(t=this.options.ns),s||(s=U),this.services.backendConnector.reload(e,t,(e=>{i.resolve(),s(e)})),i}use(e){if(!e)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!e.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===e.type&&(this.modules.backend=e),("logger"===e.type||e.log&&e.warn&&e.error)&&(this.modules.logger=e),"languageDetector"===e.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=e),"i18nFormat"===e.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=e),"postProcessor"===e.type&&L.addPostProcessor(e),"formatter"===e.type&&(this.modules.formatter=e),"3rdParty"===e.type&&this.modules.external.push(e),this}setResolvedLanguage(e){if(e&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1))for(let e=0;e<this.languages.length;e++){const t=this.languages[e];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t)){this.resolvedLanguage=t;break}}}changeLanguage(e,t){var s=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=e;const o=n();this.emit("languageChanging",e);const r=e=>{this.language=e,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(e)},a=(e,i)=>{i?(r(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,o.resolve((function(){return s.t(...arguments)})),t&&t(e,(function(){return s.t(...arguments)}))},l=t=>{e||t||!this.services.languageDetector||(t=[]);const s=i(t)?t:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(t);s&&(this.language||r(s),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(s),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(s)),this.loadResources(s,(e=>{a(e,s)}))};return e||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!e&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(l):this.services.languageDetector.detect(l):l(e):l(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),o}getFixedT(e,t,s){var n=this;const o=function(e,t){let i;if("object"!=typeof t){for(var r=arguments.length,a=new Array(r>2?r-2:0),l=2;l<r;l++)a[l-2]=arguments[l];i=n.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([e,t].concat(a))}else i={...t};i.lng=i.lng||o.lng,i.lngs=i.lngs||o.lngs,i.ns=i.ns||o.ns,""!==i.keyPrefix&&(i.keyPrefix=i.keyPrefix||s||o.keyPrefix);const c=n.options.keySeparator||".";let u;return u=i.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(e)?e.map((e=>`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`)):i.keyPrefix?`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`:e,n.t(u,i)};return i(e)?o.lng=e:o.lngs=e,o.ns=t,o.keyPrefix=s,o}t(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.translator?.translate(...t)}exists(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.translator?.exists(...t)}setDefaultNamespace(e){this.options.defaultNS=e}hasLoadedNamespace(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const s=t.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],i=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,n=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===s.toLowerCase())return!0;const o=(e,t)=>{const s=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${e}|${t}`];return-1===s||0===s||2===s};if(t.precheck){const e=t.precheck(this,o);if(void 0!==e)return e}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(s,e)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!o(s,e)||i&&!o(n,e)))}loadNamespaces(e,t){const s=n();return this.options.ns?(i(e)&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(e)<0&&this.options.ns.push(e)})),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(e,t){const s=n();i(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.options.preload||[],r=e.filter((e=>o.indexOf(e)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(e)));return r.length?(this.options.preload=o.concat(r),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}dir(e){if(e||(e=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages?.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!e)return"rtl";const t=this.services?.languageUtils||new j(F());return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ug","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam","ckb"].indexOf(t.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))>-1||e.toLowerCase().indexOf("-arab")>1?"rtl":"ltr"}static createInstance(){return new H(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0)}cloneInstance(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:U;const s=e.forkResourceStore;s&&delete e.forkResourceStore;const i={...this.options,...e,isClone:!0},n=new H(i);void 0===e.debug&&void 0===e.prefix||(n.logger=n.logger.clone(e));return["store","services","language"].forEach((e=>{n[e]=this[e]})),n.services={...this.services},n.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},s&&(n.store=new w(this.store.data,i),n.services.resourceStore=n.store),n.translator=new P(n.services,i),n.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var t=arguments.length,s=new Array(t>1?t-1:0),i=1;i<t;i++)s[i-1]=arguments[i];n.emit(e,...s)})),n.init(i,t),n.translator.options=i,n.translator.backendConnector.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},n}toJSON(){return{options:this.options,store:this.store,language:this.language,languages:this.languages,resolvedLanguage:this.resolvedLanguage}}}const 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