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(PDF) Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, by JanLin. New York: NYU Press, 2019. ISBN 9781479895700; 256 pp. $30 paperback
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{"work":{"id":84966276,"created_at":"2022-08-17T04:28:10.189-07:00","from_world_paper_id":212837327,"updated_at":"2024-11-24T19:06:26.421-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"In Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, Jan Lin offers a thoroughly-researched account of development in Northeast Los Angeles that links everyday experiences of gentrification with broader processes of metropolitan change. Written with impressive clarity, a key success of the book lies in Lin's ability to take the reader through a vast history of transition that is as grounded and intimate as it is sweeping and extensive. The book centers on two neighborhoods in Northeast LA, Eagle Rock and Highland Park, and begins with a tour of the people and businesses that animate the public life and culture of the area's main boulevards. In doing so, Lin brings the reader face-toface with the people and places affected by change, and lays bare exactly what is at stake when we talk about gentrification. The neighborhoods serve to illustrate Lin's urban history model of transition, presented in Chapter Two, within which Lin organizes over a century of development into four stages. First, there is investment-when the region developed as a streetcar suburb, followed by disinvestment-created by white flight and suburban out-migration-then a period of reinvestment-revitalization-when Latino/a and Asian communities led community-building and revitalization efforts through the arts and activism-which then set the stage for a period of reinvestment-gentrification-characterized by the return of middle-class white communities, accelerated gentrification, and displacement. While many scholars of gentrification begin the story at a period of reinvestment, Lin's model pushes the timeline back to capture prior stages of investment and disinvestment. This is an exciting roadmap for thinking about change, and it is Lin's commitment to linking each stage together that adds new context to current processes of gentrification and fulfills the book's central promise to document neighborhood transition. In Chapter Three, Lin discusses the emergence of Arroyo Culture following the arrival of the rail and streetcar to the region in the early twentieth century. It is following a period of disinvestment, white flight, and changes in immigration policy in 1965 that the area saw an influx of immigrants, including Latino/a artists who formed collectives throughout the 1970s. These communities tapped into the aesthetic and cultural heritage of the Arroyo, as artists invested in property and produced a vibrant Latino/a Renaissance and arts scene. It is this community building and economic development that then set the stage for a contemporary Northeast LA creative economy. In Chapter Four, we meet the activists involved in preservationist and land-use planning initiatives in","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"City \u0026 Community","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"89812660"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, by JanLin. New York: NYU Press, 2019. ISBN 9781479895700; 256 pp. $30 paperback","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [47053543]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":89812660,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, by JanLin. New York: NYU Press, 2019. ISBN 9781479895700; 256 pp. $30 paperback”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/89812660/mini_magick20220817-1-295u3p.png?1660735891" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, by JanLin. New York: NYU Press, 2019. ISBN 9781479895700; 256 pp. $30 paperback</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47053543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RachelRomero4"><img alt="Profile image of Rachel Romero" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://gravatar.com/avatar/778209517c60ba9bf6d4e7efdd5096d4?s=65" />Rachel Romero</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, City & Community</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 84966276; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=84966276"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In Taking Back the Boulevard: Art, Activism, and Gentrification in Los Angeles, Jan Lin offers a thoroughly-researched account of development in Northeast Los Angeles that links everyday experiences of gentrification with broader processes of metropolitan change. Written with impressive clarity, a key success of the book lies in Lin's ability to take the reader through a vast history of transition that is as grounded and intimate as it is sweeping and extensive. The book centers on two neighborhoods in Northeast LA, Eagle Rock and Highland Park, and begins with a tour of the people and businesses that animate the public life and culture of the area's main boulevards. In doing so, Lin brings the reader face-toface with the people and places affected by change, and lays bare exactly what is at stake when we talk about gentrification. The neighborhoods serve to illustrate Lin's urban history model of transition, presented in Chapter Two, within which Lin organizes over a century of development into four stages. First, there is investment-when the region developed as a streetcar suburb, followed by disinvestment-created by white flight and suburban out-migration-then a period of reinvestment-revitalization-when Latino/a and Asian communities led community-building and revitalization efforts through the arts and activism-which then set the stage for a period of reinvestment-gentrification-characterized by the return of middle-class white communities, accelerated gentrification, and displacement. While many scholars of gentrification begin the story at a period of reinvestment, Lin's model pushes the timeline back to capture prior stages of investment and disinvestment. This is an exciting roadmap for thinking about change, and it is Lin's commitment to linking each stage together that adds new context to current processes of gentrification and fulfills the book's central promise to document neighborhood transition. In Chapter Three, Lin discusses the emergence of Arroyo Culture following the arrival of the rail and streetcar to the region in the early twentieth century. It is following a period of disinvestment, white flight, and changes in immigration policy in 1965 that the area saw an influx of immigrants, including Latino/a artists who formed collectives throughout the 1970s. These communities tapped into the aesthetic and cultural heritage of the Arroyo, as artists invested in property and produced a vibrant Latino/a Renaissance and arts scene. It is this community building and economic development that then set the stage for a contemporary Northeast LA creative economy. In Chapter Four, we meet the activists involved in preservationist and land-use planning initiatives in</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons "><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":89812660,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84966276/Taking_Back_the_Boulevard_Art_Activism_and_Gentrification_in_Los_Angeles_by_JanLin_New_York_NYU_Press_2019_ISBN_9781479895700_256_pp_30_paperback"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":89812660,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84966276/Taking_Back_the_Boulevard_Art_Activism_and_Gentrification_in_Los_Angeles_by_JanLin_New_York_NYU_Press_2019_ISBN_9781479895700_256_pp_30_paperback"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="84966276" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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With a host of new breweries, galleries and cafés, this traditionally working-class, Mexican American community is being rebranded as the latest hotspot for cutting-edge arts and "authentic" local culture. Some support this change as gentefication. The word gentefication is a play on la gente ("the people" in Spanish) and suggests grassroots, Latino-led redevelopment of the community. In this paper, we draw from interviews with local residents, artists, business owners, and developers to explore the contradictions inherent in the gentrification of Barrio Logan. We argue that while gentefication signifies an attempt to rewrite urban space in a more culturally inclusive manner, it remains a discursive tool that leads to ongoing displacement of the racialized poor.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genteficationin the barrio: Displacement and urban change in Southern California","attachmentId":97157104,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94798852/Genteficationin_the_barrio_Displacement_and_urban_change_in_Southern_California","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94798852/Genteficationin_the_barrio_Displacement_and_urban_change_in_Southern_California"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="25003401" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25003401/Hegemonic_Urban_Planning_Contested_Space_and_Interests_in_Mid_Century_East_L_A">Hegemonic Urban Planning: Contested Space and Interests in Mid-Century East L.A</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46381839" href="https://earlham.academia.edu/CoreyLunden">Corey Lunden</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Continuous trends of displacement have deeply impacted the ongoing formulation of Chicano identity in barrios east of the Los Angeles River. Urban redevelopment and revitalization as well as resistance against the negative results of these forces have played such a significant role in localized Mexican American community action and cohesion that it has become a shaping feature of modern Chicano cultural identity in East LA. In this paper I take a postmodern approach to conceptualizing the modernist projects of displacement in the mid 20th century; I investigate the historical political motivation for, and social implications of redevelopment projects affecting these Mexican communities taking place from the 1930s to the 1970s. This paper highlights a shift in relations between the downtown urban political and social elite with Mexican American communities through the mid 20th century, motivated by modernist imaginaries of the city as well as a recognition and fear of Chicano potential—potential which has conceivably been impossible to actualize within the given economic political order.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hegemonic Urban Planning: Contested Space and Interests in Mid-Century East L.A","attachmentId":45328147,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25003401/Hegemonic_Urban_Planning_Contested_Space_and_Interests_in_Mid_Century_East_L_A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25003401/Hegemonic_Urban_Planning_Contested_Space_and_Interests_in_Mid_Century_East_L_A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="44821556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44821556/Proliferating_Intimate_Place_Case_Studies_of_Art_and_Activism_in_South_Los_Angeles">Proliferating Intimate Place: Case Studies of Art and Activism in South Los Angeles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44692581" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/JingxinYang">Jingxin Yang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Proliferating Intimate Place: Case Studies of Art and Activism in South Los Angeles","attachmentId":65323292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44821556/Proliferating_Intimate_Place_Case_Studies_of_Art_and_Activism_in_South_Los_Angeles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44821556/Proliferating_Intimate_Place_Case_Studies_of_Art_and_Activism_in_South_Los_Angeles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="72441320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72441320/Skid_Row_Gallery_Row_and_the_space_in_between_cultural_revitalisation_and_its_impacts_on_two_Los_Angeles_neighbourhoods">Skid Row, Gallery Row and the space in between: cultural revitalisation and its impacts on two Los Angeles neighbourhoods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46933989" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnastasiaSideris">Anastasia Sideris</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Town Planning Review, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As a means for neighbourhood improvement, cultural urban revitalisation seeks to draw business growth and investment by attracting a creative class of young urban professionals. Though criticisms abound that these strategies benefit the wealthy and displace low-income communities, there is little research focusing on how the efforts of social actors can shape or resist this process. The purpose of this study is to offer a micro-level look at the spatial and political contestations and negotiations that occur amongst a variety of community organisations and individuals in two adjacent neighbourhoods in downtown Los Angeles undergoing revitalisation. By approaching 'revitalisation' as an arena where different neighbourhood groups can compete to achieve their goals, it argues that we scrutinise prevailing notions of gentrification and seek to understand the values and actions of stakeholders involved in order to enable more equitable outcomes of urban revitalisation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Skid Row, Gallery Row and the space in between: cultural revitalisation and its impacts on two Los Angeles neighbourhoods","attachmentId":81364074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72441320/Skid_Row_Gallery_Row_and_the_space_in_between_cultural_revitalisation_and_its_impacts_on_two_Los_Angeles_neighbourhoods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72441320/Skid_Row_Gallery_Row_and_the_space_in_between_cultural_revitalisation_and_its_impacts_on_two_Los_Angeles_neighbourhoods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="44070074" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44070074/Symbols_of_Gentrification_Narrating_Displacement_in_Los_Angeles_Chinatown">Symbols of Gentrification? Narrating Displacement in Los Angeles Chinatown</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31351495" href="https://sjsu.academia.edu/LaureenDHom">Laureen D Hom</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Los Angeles Chinatown is one of the oldest North American urban Chinatowns and experiencing changes that are redefining the neighborhood. Yet, not all community leaders label these changes as gentrification that directly displaces the community. This article examines how community leaders representing business, residential, and cultural interests engage in the politics of placemaking through their narratives of a new development, Blossom Plaza. Community leaders do not always view gentrification as a primary direct displacement, and instead emphasize how a secondary and symbolic displacement is happening historically, physically, economically, and politically in Chinatown. However, they also vary in whether they see these changes as ultimately reshaping the neighborhood to maintain its unique identity, which is linked to how they envision Chinatown as an ethnic space. The findings highlight the importance of considering symbolic displacement in gentrification studies about historic ethnic enclaves.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Symbols of Gentrification? Narrating Displacement in Los Angeles Chinatown","attachmentId":64413942,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44070074/Symbols_of_Gentrification_Narrating_Displacement_in_Los_Angeles_Chinatown","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44070074/Symbols_of_Gentrification_Narrating_Displacement_in_Los_Angeles_Chinatown"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="21786401" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21786401/Journal_of_Urban_History_Review_Essay_of_L_A_Scholarship_Dreams_of_Los_Angeles_Traversing_Power_Navigating_Space_and_Recovering_the_Everyday_">Journal of Urban History, Review Essay of L.A. Scholarship, "Dreams of Los Angeles: Traversing Power, Navigating Space, and Recovering the Everyday"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="69014" href="https://usfca.academia.edu/JamesZarsadiaz">James Zarsadiaz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is a review essay about recently published books on metropolitan Los Angeles including "A People's Guide to Los Angeles," "Venice: Contested Bohemia in Los Angeles," "A Companion to Los Angeles," "The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of Los Angeles," "Post-Ghetto: Reimagining South Los Angeles," and "Reimagining Indian Country: Native American Migration and Identity in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Journal of Urban History, Review Essay of L.A. Scholarship, \"Dreams of Los Angeles: Traversing Power, Navigating Space, and Recovering the Everyday\"","attachmentId":42550147,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21786401/Journal_of_Urban_History_Review_Essay_of_L_A_Scholarship_Dreams_of_Los_Angeles_Traversing_Power_Navigating_Space_and_Recovering_the_Everyday_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21786401/Journal_of_Urban_History_Review_Essay_of_L_A_Scholarship_Dreams_of_Los_Angeles_Traversing_Power_Navigating_Space_and_Recovering_the_Everyday_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="87789499" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87789499/The_Sons_and_daughters_of_Los_culture_and_community_in_L_A">The Sons and daughters of Los: culture and community in L.A</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26665" href="https://bu.academia.edu/EricGordon">Eric Gordon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Choice Reviews Online, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the initial stages of the project whose results are collected in the present volume, we approached popular culture in Los Angeles using as a heuristic the idea of "grassroots cultural organizations." By this we had in mind the more or less ad hoc instances where people who were marginal to the city's established cultural institutions came together to share their poetry, painting, dance, and other forms of art, and in so doing created communities that then developed lives and momentums of their own. 1 Conceived in dissatisfaction with both industrial and other publicly sanctioned forms of culture, they generally produced themselves as demotic alternatives to establishments that they perceived to be alienated and compromised. Within the frame of this guiding orientation, the associations we explored were diverse in respect to both their internal organization and their eventual relations with the dominant cultural institutions. Growing from the initial efforts of very small groups, in some cases only one or two people, they were originally independent and autonomous, at least to the degree to which these concepts can presently be meaningful. But as they developed wider constituencies, they inevitably became affiliated in various ways with the kind of organizations with which they had before been in conflict, both public-such as city, state, and federal agencies-and private-such as foundations and corporations. Despite these affiliations, their creativity remained to some degree refractory, still honed on a stone of critical alterity. 2 With the exception of the Vedanta Center (an earlier and somewhat differently conceived initiative), the associations we examined were formed in the tide of populist social contestations mobilized in the 1960s and were mostly shaped by the ideas in which social and political identity were conceptualized and lived in this period, that is, through struggles for civil rights by ethnic and sexual minorities. The local emergence and self-assertion of these political identity groups were of course part of national movements; and indeed, the remarkable ethnic diversity and other demographic features of Los Angeles ensured that they were also often affected by global issues, especially by population shifts and changing patterns of migration. On the other hand, the</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Sons and daughters of Los: culture and community in L.A","attachmentId":91907571,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87789499/The_Sons_and_daughters_of_Los_culture_and_community_in_L_A","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87789499/The_Sons_and_daughters_of_Los_culture_and_community_in_L_A"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="79962162" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79962162/Frederick_F_Wherry_2011_The_Philadelphia_Barrio_The_Arts_Branding_and_Neighborhood_Transformation_Chicago_University_of_Chicago_Press">Frederick F. Wherry 2011: The Philadelphia Barrio: The Arts, Branding, and Neighborhood Transformation . Chicago: University of Chicago Press</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="186254155" href="https://independent.academia.edu/saramartucci5">sara martucci</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Early social scientists sought to theorize 'the city', and to provide a framework for understanding life in the modern urban world. These grand explanations have long since given way to approaches that home in on themes characterizing different facets of urban environments, such as economic growth, global competition and immigration. In this review I discuss three recent collections of mostly original readings that attempt to explain cities through such specific analytical lenses. Each of their editors revolves their volumes around a central theme pertaining to the politics of and policies within contemporary cities: the importance of entertainment in influencing urban growth policies; the conflicts over the inclusion, presentation and representation of ethnicities and ethnic cultures in cities; and the socio-psychological role of fascination in the commercialization and theming of urban landscapes. Through theoretical engagement and empirical case studies the authors in these volumes offer varying, and in some cases interrelated, insights into these important patterns in contemporary cities. The first volume is The City as an Entertainment Machine, edited by Terry Nichols Clark. It is a paperback edition to his 2004 hardcover volume of the same name, with some changes. Here Clark removes three chapters from the original edition and adds a new final chapter that was originally published in the journal Social Forces. Two of the three missing chapters are not written or co-written by Clark, while he is the second of three authors on the new chapter. The result-seven out of ten chapters written or co-written by Clark, one (chapter 8) a collection of dialogic emails from the Urban and Community Section of the American Sociological Association Listserv that he also contributes to, and another (chapter 6) a chapter in direct dialogue with another of Clark's (chapter 7)-makes this new volume more a collection of his own personal work dealing with the idea of the 'city as an entertainment machine' than an invitation for urban scholars to engage with the concept. Clark first proposed the entertainment machine concept with Richard Lloyd (who also appears here as a co-author) in a 2001 chapter that serves as his larger volume's namesake. While empirically informed, this initial chapter with Lloyd was extremely light on data and relied extensively on making connections between claims made in the existing urban political economy literature. In this volume Clark supports this intriguing idea with a considerable amount of quantitative data to explain how cities develop today. Clark derives his term and title from Harvey Molotch's classic 1976 article, 'The City as a Growth Machine', that he later developed into a book with John Logan (1987). The concept metaphorically considers cities to be machines consisting of formal and informal coalitions that are geared towards growth through the intensification of land use and the increase of exchange value (i.e. rents). Urban growth revolves around such traditional factors as land, labor and capital as leaders seek to extract the most value from their city's Views expressed in this section are independent and do not represent the opinion of the editors.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Frederick F. Wherry 2011: The Philadelphia Barrio: The Arts, Branding, and Neighborhood Transformation . Chicago: University of Chicago Press","attachmentId":86502095,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79962162/Frederick_F_Wherry_2011_The_Philadelphia_Barrio_The_Arts_Branding_and_Neighborhood_Transformation_Chicago_University_of_Chicago_Press","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79962162/Frederick_F_Wherry_2011_The_Philadelphia_Barrio_The_Arts_Branding_and_Neighborhood_Transformation_Chicago_University_of_Chicago_Press"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115647457" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115647457/Introduction_Los_Angeles_Studies_and_the_Future_of_Urban_Cultures">Introduction: Los Angeles Studies and the Future of Urban Cultures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62106235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeSanchez13">George Sanchez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Quarterly, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Los Angeles Studies and the Future of Urban Cultures","attachmentId":111996564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115647457/Introduction_Los_Angeles_Studies_and_the_Future_of_Urban_Cultures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115647457/Introduction_Los_Angeles_Studies_and_the_Future_of_Urban_Cultures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="8091926" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8091926/Gentrification_and_the_Arts_in_San_Francisco_and_Oakland">Gentrification and the Arts in San Francisco and Oakland</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5027071" href="https://usfca.academia.edu/JohnZarobell">John Zarobell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There exists a longstanding relationship between the arts and gentrification in cities and this paper will explore this dynamic and attempt to introduce new theories and data to the formulations that have been elaborated so far. I will follow two major strains of thought before elaborating a third term. The first strain emerges from the qualitative accounts that have been elaborated by geographers and sociologists such as Neil Smith and Sharon Zukin some thirty years ago but this strain has developed considerably since then and includes much literature on the Right to the City, a topic much discussed at this conference. The second strain is the more quantitative theory of economic impact of the arts which began to be discussed as early as the 1970's and has attracted the attention of city planners around the world. If the first strain examines the spaces of the city as they are permeated by mutations of capital, the second focuses on the regional economic effects that the arts confer and thus serves as a defense for the arts in policy debates from a local to a national level. This paper seeks to open up debates about arts and the economics of gentrification by inquiring into the way gentrification is manifest on the ground, through the transformation of a city's decaying infrastructure into a revamped and desirable urban destination.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gentrification and the Arts in San Francisco and Oakland","attachmentId":34542010,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8091926/Gentrification_and_the_Arts_in_San_Francisco_and_Oakland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8091926/Gentrification_and_the_Arts_in_San_Francisco_and_Oakland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89812660,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89812660,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_89812660" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://ucberkeley.academia.edu/NariRhee">Nari Rhee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Labor Studies Journal, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Next Los Angeles: Struggle for a Livable City (review)","attachmentId":112364429,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116156791/The_Next_Los_Angeles_Struggle_for_a_Livable_City_review_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116156791/The_Next_Los_Angeles_Struggle_for_a_Livable_City_review_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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