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"/static/js/grey.gif", effect : "fadeIn", threshold : 200 }); }); </script> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h1 class="mt"><span class="z">博文</span> </h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> [请教，创新，同行评议] 佛教里“所知障”是什么意思？知识太少？知识太多？ </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 975 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-23 22:25</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=107667&do=blog&classid=142119&view=me">科学 - 艺术 - 社会</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=107667&catid=1">科研笔记</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #FF0000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 36px; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">[请教，创新，同行评议] </span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 36px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #002060;">佛教里“<span style="font-size: 36px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #C00000;"><strong>所知障</strong></span>”是什么意思？知识太少？知识太多？</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">               </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">               </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: normal; font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 27px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;">一、佛教里“所知障”，到底什么意思？</span></strong></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   我听说过两种不同的解释：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   （1）知识太少。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   因为缺少知识，所以“无知”成为进步的“障碍”。</span></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">               </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   （2）知识太多。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   “旧知识”太多，它们阻碍了“新知识”的学习。</span></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">               </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: normal; font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 27px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;">二、同行评议</span></strong></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: normal; font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #205867;">2.1  皮埃瓦尼</span></strong></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: normal; font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 27px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"></span></strong></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   武夷山老师翻译的，意大利帕多瓦大学生物系生物科学哲学家和遗传学家Telmo Pievani（特尔莫·皮埃瓦尼）意大利文著作的英文版Serendipity：The Unexpected in Science（本文作者译为“偶然发现：科学中意想不到的东西”）里的两段话：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1557-1461107.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1557-1461107.html</a> </span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   </span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px;">不出名的科学家而不是科学巨人做到了看得更远，即开辟了新的科学方向，这一点绝非偶然。接着前面的隐喻，我们可以说，<span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #FF0000;">科学巨人的大脑被已有知识囚禁了</span>，因此陷在既有习惯、研究问题和方法之框架中无法自拔。于是，保守者将更可能作出可预测的、稳健的发现，这些发现可能很重要，但它们</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #FF0000;">停留在已知事物附近</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px;">，因为保守者不太可能去倾听意料之外的事物。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   </span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai; color: #244061; font-size: 22px;">不太著名的新科学家会看得更远，因为他们能够以这种或那种方式</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai; color: #244061; font-size: 22px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体; color: blue;">挣脱</span></strong></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #244061; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai; color: #244061; font-size: 22px;"><strong><span style="font-size:22px;font-family: 黑体;color:blue">既有知识的锁链</span></strong>，甚至表现出对既有知识的些许反叛。于是，他们能够想象其他的世界。这说明，更可能做出偶然发现（就是说，这些发现是无规律的、意想不到的，甚至是颠覆性的）的将是带着有准备的头脑的创新者。把前面的论证颠倒一下：更可能发生的情况是，具有最重大影响力和规模的科学发现过去是、未来也是偶然的发现。</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">     </span></p><p><strong style="white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #205867;">2.2  </span></strong></span></strong><strong style="white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #205867;">丁肇中</span></strong></span></strong></p><p><strong style="white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: medium; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 19pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #0033CC;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: #205867;"></span></strong></span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   87岁丁肇中：科学就是多数服从少数</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2023/05-28/10015310.shtml" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2023/05-28/10015310.shtml</a> </span></em></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   （2023年）5月16日的演讲中，丁肇中用一贯笃定的语气说：“自然科学的发展是多数服从少数，只有</span><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体; color: #205867;">极少数人</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">把多数人的观点</span><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体; color: #205867;">推翻</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">后，科学才能</span><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体; color: #205867;">向前走</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">。”</span></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">     </span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   正如丁肇中所言：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   “<strong><span style="font-size: 22px; font-family: 黑体; color: #205867;">一个科学家要打破古人的观念，才能向前走</span></strong>”。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">诺贝尔物理学奖得主丁肇中和他的五个实验</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">央视新闻客户端发布时间：2023/5/29 7:55:27</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2023/5/501669.shtm" target="_blank" target="_blank"><em><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;">https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2023/5/501669.shtm</span></em></a></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                     </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">    </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 36px; font-family: 隶书, SimLi;">推荐阅读：</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(32, 88, 103); font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">（1）  </span></strong>科学网，2008-12-16，英国推出无同行评审的新型研究资助</span></strong></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008/12/214490.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008/12/214490.html</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   Braben说，</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">同行评审</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">“</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">会自动</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; color: #FF0000;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">歧视</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">那些</span></strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; color: #FF0000;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">挑战</span></strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">传统</span></strong></span></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"></span></strong>的意见，对大多数研究来说这没问题，但是对那些我们</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: blue; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">已知领域之外的新想法</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">来说，同行评审可能对这些想法不利，</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: blue; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">而20世纪所有伟大的想法都</span></strong><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: blue; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span></strong><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 25px; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: blue; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">是属于此类</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">”。</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">         </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; color: #205867;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">（2）  </span></strong>科学网，2010-08-06，《科学家》文章：论文同行评审过程有待改革</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/8/235694.shtm" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/8/235694.shtm</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   </span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">传统同行评审</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">过程最常见的弊端是它</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">消极对待</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">真正的</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">创新</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">思想，</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">拒绝</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">领域内具</span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">革命</strong></span><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">性的文章。另外，一篇文章的重要性几乎不可能很快地表现出来，真正评价一篇文章在该领域的影响需要数月甚至数年。</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                          </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #0000CC; font-size: 27px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; color: #205867;">（3）张章. 科学家分析同行评审有效性[N]. 中国科学报, 2014-12-31 第2版国际</span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://paper.sciencenet.cn/dz/dzzz_1.aspx?dzsbqkid=22129" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://paper.sciencenet.cn/dz/dzzz_1.aspx?dzsbqkid=22129</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://paper.sciencenet.cn/dz/upload/2014123165643784.pdf" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://paper.sciencenet.cn/dz/upload/2014123165643784.pdf</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2014/12/295710.shtm" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2014/12/295710.shtm</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   同行评审在预测“良好的”论文方面是有效的，但可能</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">难以识别</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">出</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">卓越</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">和（或）</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">突破性</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">的研究。</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   然而，研究人员还发现这3份医学期刊曾<strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">拒绝</span></strong>了许多之后获得<strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">高引用</span></strong>率的手稿，包括14篇引用数量最多的手稿，而这<strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">14篇</span></strong>手稿中的<strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">12篇</span></strong>是<strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">被编辑退稿</span></strong>的。</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                                    </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #0000CC; font-size: 27px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; color: #205867;">（4） 2014年 SCIENCE 杂志：“</span></strong></span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">同行评议根本不能预测研究的成果</span></strong></span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #0000CC; font-size: 27px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; color: #205867;">。这令人非常不安。”</span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.343.6171.596" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.343.6171.596</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   美国SCIENCE杂志2014年2月的《Peering Into Peer Review》一文，主要观点摘录如下：</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">   （1）同行评议根本不能预测研究的成果。这令人非常不安。 Peer review is not predicting outcomes at all. And that's quite disconcerting.</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   （2）高影响力的研究被拒绝了，而低影响力的研究却得到了资助。 There is high-impact research that has been rejected, and low-impact research that has been funded.</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   （3）在试验获得资助之前收到的同行评审优先级分数与发表时间之间没有显着关联。 There was no significant association between the peer-review priority scores received before the trial was funded and the time to publication,</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                  </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; text-align: center;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #0000CC; font-size: 27px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 14px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; color: #205867;">（5）中国科学报官方账号，2022-09-19，Science发文：论文署名改为诺奖得主，接收率飙升50%</span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1744348535463678717" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1744348535463678717</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://weibo.com/1729014640/M6lTyBRG5" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://weibo.com/1729014640/M6lTyBRG5</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PaKuRAF8v4CjRwYmOLTf6Q" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PaKuRAF8v4CjRwYmOLTf6Q</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/reviewers-award-higher-marks-when-paper-s-author-famous" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/content/article/reviewers-award-higher-marks-when-paper-s-author-famous</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">   这篇报道引述了一项最新研究结论：如果一篇论文的唯一作者是</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">无名之辈</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">，只有</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">9.9%</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">的评审人愿意接收；同样一篇论文，如果改成由</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">诺贝尔奖得主署名</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">后，被</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">接收率</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">竟飙升至</span><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #FF0000; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">59%</span></strong><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">。</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">Reviewers award higher marks when a paper’s author is famous</span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">“Matthew effect” is powerful, unusually large study finds</span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">13 SEP 20225:20 PM ETBYJEFFREY BRAINARD</span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">doi:  10.1126/science.ade8721</span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><em style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/reviewers-award-higher-marks-when-paper-s-author-famous" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/content/article/reviewers-award-higher-marks-when-paper-s-author-famous</a> </span></em></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                                </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(192, 0, 0);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 36px; font-family: 隶书, SimLi;">参考资料：</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">[1] 武夷山，2024-11-22 08:04，为何不出名的科学家看得更远 </span><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend" style="font-family: " target="_blank" target="_blank"><img src="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; border: none;"/><strong><span style="font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none; font-family: 宋体; color: #C00000;">精选</span></strong></a></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1557-1461107.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1557-1461107.html</a> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">[2] 科学网，2008-05-07，杨振宁汕大演讲：宇称不守恒在物理界所引起的震荡，诺奖得主泡利、费曼、布洛赫当年均坚称宇称必定守恒</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008579811346206206.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008579811346206206.html</a>  </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">[3] 中国新闻网，2023-05-28，87岁丁肇中：科学就是多数服从少数</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2023/05-28/10015310.shtml" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2023/05-28/10015310.shtml</a> </span></p><p><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">             </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: center; color: #002060; font-family: 隶书, SimLi; font-size: 36px;"><strong style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">相关链接：</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">[1] 2024-10-24，[求证，同行评议] 宇称不守恒：泡利、费曼、布洛赫</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1456853.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1456853.html</a> </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">[2] 2023-01-16，[搞笑？搞哭？汇集] 怎样判断“原创”和“诺贝尔奖成果”？</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1372203.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1372203.html</a> </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px;">[3] 2020-05-27，[求证] 1970年代开始，人类科技进入了相对停滞期吗？</span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1235211.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1235211.html</a> </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 10px;">                           </span></p><p style="overflow-wrap: break-word; margin-top: 1.12em; margin-bottom: 1.12em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; 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