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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about comedy duos. For the novel, see <a href="/wiki/Double_Act_(novel)" title="Double Act (novel)">Double Act (novel)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurel_and_Hardy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Laurel_and_Hardy.png/220px-Laurel_and_Hardy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Laurel_and_Hardy.png/330px-Laurel_and_Hardy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Laurel_and_Hardy.png/440px-Laurel_and_Hardy.png 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>double act</b> (also known as a <b>comedy duo</b>) is a form of comedy originating in the British <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and American <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>, in which two comedians perform together as a single act, often highlighting differences in their characters' personalities. Pairings are typically long-term, in some cases for the artists' entire careers.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_2018_p._2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts_2018_p.-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Double acts perform on the stage, television and film. </p><p>The format is particularly popular in the UK where successful acts have included <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> (Cook's deadpan delivery contrasted with Moore's buffoonery), <a href="/wiki/Flanagan_and_Allen" title="Flanagan and Allen">Flanagan and Allen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Wise" title="Morecambe and Wise">Morecambe and Wise</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Ronnies" title="The Two Ronnies">The Two Ronnies</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition is also present in the US with acts like <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_and_Woolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeler and Woolsey">Wheeler and Woolsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallagher_and_Shean" title="Gallagher and Shean">Gallagher and Shean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burns_and_Allen" title="Burns and Allen">Burns and Allen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyons_and_Yosco" title="Lyons and Yosco">Lyons and Yosco</a>. The British-American comedy double act <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a> has been described as the most popular in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humor is often derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin, and profession but drastically different in terms of personality or behavior; each one serves as a <a href="/wiki/Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">foil</a> to the other. One member of the duo—the "<a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">straight man</a>", "feed", "dead wood", or stooge—is often portrayed as reasonable and serious, while the other one—the funny man, "banana man", or comic—is portrayed as funny, less educated or less intelligent, silly, or unorthodox.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other is often referred to as a comic foil. The term "feed" comes from the way a straight man sets up jokes and then "feeds" them to his partner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite the names often given to the roles, the straight man is not always humorless, nor is it always the comic who provides the act's humor. Sometimes the straight man gets laughs through sarcastic reactions to the comic's antics, such as <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Lee" title="Stewart Lee">Stewart Lee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Deadpan" title="Deadpan">deadpan</a>, reasoned reactions to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Herring" title="Richard Herring">Richard Herring</a>'s ridiculous antics in <a href="/wiki/Lee_and_Herring" title="Lee and Herring">their pairing</a>. When the straight man serves no specific comic purpose, but acts as a device to make the comic look good, he is known as a stooge. Sometimes considered a derogatory term, "stooge" began to fall out of use by the 1930s with <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Stooges" title="The Three Stooges">The Three Stooges</a>. Most often the humor in a double act comes from the way the two personalities play off of each other, rather than from the individual players. In many successful acts the roles are interchangeable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_development">Early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg/150px-Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg/225px-Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg/300px-Lyons_and_Yosco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lyons_and_Yosco" title="Lyons and Yosco">Lyons and Yosco</a>, vaudeville act and ragtime composers from the 1910s</figcaption></figure> <p>The model for the modern double act began in the British music halls and the American vaudeville scene of the late 19th century. Here, the straight man was needed to repeat the lines of the comic because audiences were noisy. A dynamic soon developed in which the straight man was a more integral part of the act, setting up jokes for the comic to deliver a punch line. Popular draws included acts like <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Allen" title="Gracie Allen">Gracie Allen</a> (who initially operated with Burns as the comic but quickly switched roles when Gracie's greater appeal was recognized), Abbott and Costello, <a href="/wiki/Flanagan_and_Allen" title="Flanagan and Allen">Flanagan and Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallagher_and_Shean" title="Gallagher and Shean">Gallagher and Shean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smith_and_Dale" title="Smith and Dale">Smith and Dale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyons_and_Yosco" title="Lyons and Yosco">Lyons and Yosco</a>. The dynamic evolved, with Abbott and Costello using a modern and recognizable formula in routines such as <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F" title="Who's on First?">Who's on First?</a> in the 1930s and Flanagan and Allen using "cross talking". </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallagher-Shean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gallagher-Shean.png/150px-Gallagher-Shean.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gallagher-Shean.png/225px-Gallagher-Shean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gallagher-Shean.png/300px-Gallagher-Shean.png 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_and_Shean" title="Gallagher and Shean">Gallagher and Shean</a>, a popular vaudeville act of the 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>Though vaudeville lasted into the 1930s, its popularity waned because of the rise of <a href="/wiki/Motion_pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion pictures">motion pictures</a>. Some failed to survive the transition to movies and disappeared. By the 1920s, double acts were beginning to attract worldwide fame more readily through the <a href="/wiki/Silent_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent films">silent era</a>. The comedy was not derived from "cross-talk" or clever verbal exchanges, but through <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a> routines and the actions of the characters. </p><p>The first double act to gain worldwide fame through film was the Danish duo <a href="/wiki/Ole_%26_Axel" title="Ole & Axel">Ole & Axel</a>, who made their first film together in 1921. The latter half of the same decade introduced to the world the inimitable team of <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>. The pair had never worked together on stage (they did as of 1940), though both had worked in vaudeville—<a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> with <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>'s Army and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hardy" title="Oliver Hardy">Oliver Hardy</a> as a singer. Laurel could loosely be described as the comic, though the pair were one of the first not to fit the mold in the way that many double acts do, with both taking a fairly equal share of the laughs. The pair first worked together as a double act in the 1927 film <i><a href="/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1927_film)" title="Duck Soup (1927 film)">Duck Soup</a></i>. The first Laurel and Hardy film was called <i>Putting Pants on Philip</i> though their familiar characters had not yet been established. The first film they both appeared in was <i>Lucky Dog</i> in 1921. Laurel and Hardy adapted well to silent films, both being skilled at slapstick, and their nonverbal interplay with each other and the audience became famous—Laurel's cry and Hardy's downtrodden glances to the camera whenever something went wrong—and were carried over to their later <a href="/wiki/Talkies" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkies">talkies</a>. They were one of the few silent acts who made a successful transition to spoken word pictures in the 1930s, showing themselves to be equally adept at verbal wordplay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940s–1960s"><span id="1940s.E2.80.931960s"></span>1940s–1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1940s–1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_and_Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lewis_and_Martin.jpg/220px-Lewis_and_Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lewis_and_Martin.jpg/330px-Lewis_and_Martin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Lewis_and_Martin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1940 was the release of Laurel and Hardy's <i><a href="/wiki/Saps_at_Sea" title="Saps at Sea">Saps at Sea</a></i>, their final film for long-term producer and collaborator <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a>. Later their popularity declined. In 1940s America the double act remained a cinema draw, developing into the <a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">"buddy movie</a>" genre, with Abbott and Costello making the transition from stage to screen and the first of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Road_to..." class="mw-redirect" title="Road to...">Road to...</a></i> series in 1940. Further acts followed. For example, the first pairing of <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> occurred in 1946. About the same time <a href="/wiki/The_Bickersons" title="The Bickersons">The Bickersons</a> became popular on radio. <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Reiner" title="Carl Reiner">Carl Reiner</a> started their <a href="/wiki/2000_Year_Old_Man" title="2000 Year Old Man">2000 Year Old Man</a> recordings and subsequent television appearances in 1961. The genre has continued to exist in cinema while making a successful transition to radio and later TV via <a href="/wiki/The_Smothers_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Smothers Brothers">The Smothers Brothers</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rowan_and_Martin%27s_Laugh_In" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowan and Martin's Laugh In">Rowan and Martin's Laugh In</a></i>. </p><p>In Britain, double acts were confined to theatres and radio until the late 1950s, when double acts such as <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Wise" title="Morecambe and Wise">Morecambe and Wise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_and_Bernie_Winters" title="Mike and Bernie Winters">Mike and Bernie Winters</a> slowly began the transition to TV on variety shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_at_the_London_Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Night at the London Palladium">Sunday Night at the London Palladium</a></i>. These acts came into their own in the mid- to late-1960s. When Morecambe and Wise teamed up with writer <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Braben" title="Eddie Braben">Eddie Braben</a>, they began to redefine what was meant by a double act, with Wise, the straight man, being developed into a comic character in his own right. They provided the link between music hall and modern comedy for double acts.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the two leading double acts of the day, Morecambe and Wise and the Winters brothers enjoyed a playful rivalry—the Winters mocked the slight edge Morecambe and Wise had over them in popularity, while Morecambe, when asked what he and Wise would have been if not comedians, replied "<i>Mike and Bernie Winters</i>". </p><p>A series of black-and-white films based on <a href="/wiki/Don_Camillo_and_Peppone" title="Don Camillo and Peppone">Don Camillo and Peppone</a> characters created by the Italian writer and journalist <a href="/wiki/Giovannino_Guareschi" title="Giovannino Guareschi">Giovannino Guareschi</a> were made between 1952 and 1965. These were French-Italian coproductions, and starred <a href="/wiki/Fernandel" title="Fernandel">Fernandel</a> as the Italian priest Don Camillo and <a href="/wiki/Gino_Cervi" title="Gino Cervi">Gino Cervi</a> as Giuseppe 'Peppone' Bottazzi, the Communist Mayor of their rural town. The titles are: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_World_of_Don_Camillo" class="mw-redirect" title="The Little World of Don Camillo">The Little World of Don Camillo</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Don_Camillo" title="The Return of Don Camillo">The Return of Don Camillo</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Camillo%27s_Last_Round" title="Don Camillo's Last Round">Don Camillo's Last Round</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Camillo:_Monsignor" title="Don Camillo: Monsignor">Don Camillo: Monsignor</a></i> (1961), and <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Camillo_in_Moscow" title="Don Camillo in Moscow">Don Camillo in Moscow</a></i> (1965). The movies were a huge commercial success in their native countries. In 1952, <i>Little World of Don Camillo</i> became the highest-grossing film in both Italy and France,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>The Return of Don Camillo</i> was the second most popular film of 1953 at the Italian and French box office.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg/220px-Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg/330px-Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg/440px-Franco_Franchi_%26_Ciccio_Ingrassia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franco_and_Ciccio" title="Franco and Ciccio">Franco and Ciccio</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Franco_and_Ciccio" title="Franco and Ciccio">Franco and Ciccio</a> were a comedy duo formed by Italian actors <a href="/wiki/Franco_Franchi" title="Franco Franchi">Franco Franchi</a> (1928–1992) and <a href="/wiki/Ciccio_Ingrassia" title="Ciccio Ingrassia">Ciccio Ingrassia</a> (1922–2003), particularly popular in the 1960s and 1970s. Their collaboration began in 1954 in the theater field, and ended with Franchi's death in 1992. The two made their cinema debuts in 1960 with the film <i><a href="/wiki/Appuntamento_a_Ischia" title="Appuntamento a Ischia">Appuntamento a Ischia</a></i>. They remained active until 1984 when their last film together, <i><a href="/wiki/Kaos_(film)" title="Kaos (film)">Kaos</a></i>, was shot, although there were some interruptions in 1973 and from 1975 to 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they appeared in 112 films.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They acted in films certainly made in a short time and with few means, such as those shot with director <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Ciorciolini" title="Marcello Ciorciolini">Marcello Ciorciolini</a>, sometimes even making a dozen films in a year, often without a real script and where they often improvised on the set. Also are the 13 films directed by <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Fulci" title="Lucio Fulci">Lucio Fulci</a>, who was the architect of the reversal of their typical roles by making Ciccio the serious one, the sidekick, and Franco the comic one.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also worked with important directors such as <a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Taviani_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Taviani brothers">Taviani brothers</a>. Considered at the time as protagonists of <a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a>, they were subsequently reevaluated by critics for their comedy and creative abilities, becoming the subject of study.<sup id="cite_ref-sentieriselvaggi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentieriselvaggi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mondadoristore_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mondadoristore-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The huge success with the public is evidenced by the box office earnings, which in the 1960s, represented 10% of the annual earnings in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lezioni_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lezioni-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the traditional formula was shunned by <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Ronnies" title="The Two Ronnies">The Two Ronnies</a>, who completely dispensed with the need for a straight man, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a>-educated comedians who used the double act to deliver satire and edgy comedy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/300px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/450px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/600px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill_and_Bud_Spencer" title="Terence Hill and Bud Spencer">Terence Hill and Bud Spencer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Internationally the most popular double act of the 1970s was the Italian duo <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill_and_Bud_Spencer" title="Terence Hill and Bud Spencer">Terence Hill and Bud Spencer</a>. The team had already made three straight westerns together during the 1960s but turned their act towards slapstick in their fourth (<i><a href="/wiki/They_Call_Me_Trinity" title="They Call Me Trinity">They Call Me Trinity</a></i>, 1970), with massive success. </p><p>Light entertainment in Britain in the 1970s was dominated by Morecambe and Wise, who enjoyed impressive ratings, especially on their Christmas specials. Although Mike and Bernie Winters's popularity declined, The Two Ronnies' success grew while Peter Cook and Dudley Moore sporadically produced acclaimed work, in particular, their controversial recordings as <a href="/wiki/Derek_and_Clive" title="Derek and Clive">Derek and Clive</a> from 1976 to 1978. </p><p>The mid-to-late 1970s saw a resurgence in American double acts. <i><a href="/wiki/Blazing_Saddles" title="Blazing Saddles">Blazing Saddles</a></i> (1974) featured a memorable performance by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Korman" title="Harvey Korman">Harvey Korman</a> (who later teamed up again in Brooks's 1981 follow-up <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_World,_Part_I" title="History of the World, Part I">History of the World, Part I</a></i>). <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>, first broadcast in 1975, provided an outlet for comedians to appear in sketches as double acts and continues to do so. It was here that <a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a> honed their characters <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers" title="The Blues Brothers">The Blues Brothers</a>, who were soon pulled to fame in the 1980 buddy movie of the same name. <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> also embarked on a string of successful buddy films in the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Cheech_%26_Chong" title="Cheech & Chong">Cheech & Chong</a> also gained massive popularity during this time. </p><p>Occasionally, the straight-man/funny-man dynamic appeared in unexpected contexts between characters not normally thought of as comics. This often appeared in the <a href="/wiki/James_T._Kirk" title="James T. Kirk">James T. Kirk</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>)/<a href="/wiki/Spock" title="Spock">Mr. Spock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a>) relationship in several episodes of the original <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg/141px-Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg/212px-Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg/282px-Stephen_Fry_June_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="901" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg/163px-Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg/245px-Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg/326px-Hugh_Laurie_2009_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Fry_and_Laurie" title="Fry and Laurie">Fry and Laurie</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Morecambe and Wise had dominated British light entertainment throughout the 1970s, but their presence waned in the early 1980s. When Morecambe died moments after finishing a solo show in 1984 (his last words were 'I'm glad that's over'), the best-loved double act in British comedy came to an end, and several new acts emerged. The two distinct groups could not have been more different. </p><p>In the wake of <i><a href="/wiki/Not_the_Nine_O%27Clock_News" title="Not the Nine O'Clock News">Not the Nine O'Clock News</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Ones_(TV_series)" title="The Young Ones (TV series)">The Young Ones</a></i> and the breakthrough onto television of "<a href="/wiki/Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">alternative comedy</a>" came <a href="/wiki/French_and_Saunders" title="French and Saunders">French and Saunders</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fry_and_Laurie" title="Fry and Laurie">Fry and Laurie</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rik_Mayall" title="Rik Mayall">Rik Mayall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ade_Edmondson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ade Edmondson">Ade Edmondson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hale_and_Pace" title="Hale and Pace">Hale and Pace</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Alas_Smith_and_Jones" title="Alas Smith and Jones">Smith and Jones</a>. These edgier comics were brasher and crude—comedy's answer to <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They developed the satire and vulgarity of Peter Cook and Dudley Moore rather than the more gentle humour of Morecambe and Wise and The Two Ronnies. In fact, Smith and Jones showed blatant disregard for their predecessors, openly mocking the Two Ronnies (this may have been a factor in <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Barker" title="Ronnie Barker">Ronnie Barker</a>'s decision to retire from comedy in the late 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s–present_day"><span id="1990s.E2.80.93present_day"></span>1990s–present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s–present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early 1990s saw comedy become "the new rock and roll"<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Britain and this was inherent in the work of <a href="/wiki/Newman_and_Baddiel" title="Newman and Baddiel">Newman and Baddiel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punt_and_Dennis" title="Punt and Dennis">Punt and Dennis</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Whitehouse_Experience" title="The Mary Whitehouse Experience">The Mary Whitehouse Experience</a></i>. Newman and Baddiel, in particular, symbolized this rock and roll attitude by playing the biggest ever British comedy gig at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a>. With this came tension. Newman and Baddiel fell out with Punt and Dennis, not wishing to share screen time with them, and then with each other. <a href="/wiki/David_Baddiel" title="David Baddiel">David Baddiel</a> went on to form another successful double act with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Skinner" title="Frank Skinner">Frank Skinner</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_%28cropped%29.jpg/152px-Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_%28cropped%29.jpg/228px-Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Vic_reeves_Middlesbrough_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg/152px-Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg/228px-Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Bob_Mortimer_in_Middlesbrough_in_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Reeves_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reeves and Mortimer">Reeves and Mortimer</a></div></div></div></div> <p>The 1990s also saw the introduction of one of comedy's strangest yet most successful double acts in <a href="/wiki/Reeves_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reeves and Mortimer">Reeves and Mortimer</a>. They at the same time deconstructed light entertainment<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and paid homage to many of the classic double acts (Vic Reeves would even do an Eric Morecambe impression on <i><a href="/wiki/Vic_Reeves_Big_Night_Out" title="Vic Reeves Big Night Out">Vic Reeves Big Night Out</a></i>). They simultaneously used very bizarre, idiosyncratic humour and traditional double act staples (in later years they became increasingly reliant on violent slapstick). </p><p>Another double act that emerged in the mid to late 1990s was <a href="/wiki/Lee_%26_Herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee & Herring">Lee & Herring</a>, who combined a classic <a href="/wiki/Clash_of_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Clash of personalities">clash of personalities</a> (downbeat and rational Lee contrasting with energetic, childish Herring) with very ironic, often satirical humour. </p><p>Also appearing in the latter half of the decade were <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Joe" title="Adam and Joe">Adam and Joe</a>, whose low-budget, self-produced <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adam_and_Joe_Show" title="The Adam and Joe Show">The Adam and Joe Show</a></i> was a very sharp combination of TV and movie parodies and satirical looks at various elements of youth culture. </p><p>Indian cinema also had its share of the double act, with <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil cinema</a> comedians <a href="/wiki/Goundamani" title="Goundamani">Goundamani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senthil" title="Senthil">Senthil</a> teaming up for several films throughout the decade, similarly <a href="/wiki/Kota_Srinivasa_Rao" title="Kota Srinivasa Rao">Kota Srinivasa Rao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babu_Mohan" title="Babu Mohan">Babu Mohan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu cinema</a>. </p><p>The British duo <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a> are another successful double act from the 2000s onwards, having multiple <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketch shows</a> on both radio and TV as well as starring in the award-winning sitcom <a href="/wiki/Peep_Show_(British_TV_series)" title="Peep Show (British TV series)"><i>Peep Show</i></a>. </p><p>For over 20 years, Australians <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Blake" title="Hamish Blake">Hamish Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lee_(comedian)" title="Andy Lee (comedian)">Andy Lee</a> have worked together as <a href="/wiki/Hamish_%26_Andy" title="Hamish & Andy">Hamish & Andy</a>, having multiple successful TV shows and a very popular <a href="/wiki/Hamish_%26_Andy_(radio_show)" title="Hamish & Andy (radio show)">radio show</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamish_%26_Andy_(podcast)" title="Hamish & Andy (podcast)">podcast</a>. </p><p>Most of the most successful double acts in the early 2000s take their inspiration from the odder strain of double-act comedy spearheaded by Reeves and Mortimer. <a href="/wiki/Matt_Lucas_(comedian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Lucas (comedian)">Matt Lucas</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Walliams" title="David Walliams">David Walliams</a>, who had previously worked with Reeves and Mortimer, also took inspiration from the Two Ronnies. <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Boosh" title="The Mighty Boosh">The Mighty Boosh</a> also played with the formula but essentially remained traditional at their roots. Another popular current <a href="/wiki/Light_entertainment" title="Light entertainment">light entertainment</a>/<a href="/wiki/Television_presenter" title="Television presenter">presenting</a> comedy act is <a href="/wiki/Ant_%26_Dec" title="Ant & Dec">Ant & Dec</a>, who are a very basic yet effective example of a double act. </p><p>In early 2012, comedians <a href="/wiki/Keegan-Michael_Key" title="Keegan-Michael Key">Keegan-Michael Key</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> appeared in a sketch comedy TV show titled <i><a href="/wiki/Key_%26_Peele" title="Key & Peele">Key & Peele</a></i> airing on <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>. </p><p>Many modern-day <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channels follow this format. Some examples include <a href="/wiki/Smosh" title="Smosh">Smosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_and_Phil" title="Dan and Phil">Dan and Phil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Game_Grumps" title="Game Grumps">Game Grumps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhett_%26_Link" title="Rhett & Link">Rhett and Link</a> of the YouTube channel <a href="/wiki/Good_Mythical_Morning" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Mythical Morning">Good Mythical Morning</a>, </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MitchellandWebb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MitchellandWebb.jpg/220px-MitchellandWebb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MitchellandWebb.jpg/330px-MitchellandWebb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MitchellandWebb.jpg/440px-MitchellandWebb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In its <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> form, the two actors would usually be composed of a "straight man" or "feed" and a "comic", the purpose of the feed is to set up jokes for the comic. This would rely heavily on comic timing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Morecambe_and_Wise" title="Morecambe and Wise">Morecambe and Wise</a> are arguably the quintessential British double act. They followed the traditional formula with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a> as the comic and <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> as the feed. Other British acts such as <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Ronnies" title="The Two Ronnies">The Two Ronnies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hale_and_Pace" title="Hale and Pace">Hale and Pace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vic_and_Bob" title="Vic and Bob">Vic and Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_and_Saunders" title="French and Saunders">French and Saunders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fry_and_Laurie" title="Fry and Laurie">Fry and Laurie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant_%26_Dec" title="Ant & Dec">Ant & Dec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punt_and_Dennis" title="Punt and Dennis">Punt and Dennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_and_Herring" title="Lee and Herring">Lee and Herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_and_Miller_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong and Miller (television)">Armstrong and Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Peacock_and_Gamble_Podcast" title="The Peacock and Gamble Podcast">Peacock and Gamble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dick_and_Dom" title="Dick and Dom">Dick and Dom</a> display the role of "comic" and "straight man" in a less obvious, largely interchangeable way or are dispensed with altogether. More obvious British examples of the comic-feed dynamic are <a href="/wiki/Cannon_and_Ball" title="Cannon and Ball">Cannon and Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_and_Large" title="Little and Large">Little and Large</a> or the children's entertainers <a href="/wiki/The_Chuckle_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chuckle Brothers">The Chuckle Brothers</a>, where the straight man acted largely as a humourless set up for the comic. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> were perhaps the first double act to go against the grain as turned their double act into a complex analysis of their relationship. In many of the sketches (especially the <a href="/wiki/Pete_and_Dud" title="Pete and Dud">Pete and Dud</a> exchanges) Cook played the domineering know-it-all (who knows nothing) and Moore the put-upon dimwit (who also knows nothing). </p><p>This dominance was accentuated by the difference in height between the two, and the speed of Cook's mind, which meant that he could ad lib and force Moore to <a href="/wiki/Corpsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpsing">corpse</a> in a Pete and Dud dialogue, leaving him helpless to respond. As the partnership progressed into the often-improvised <a href="/wiki/Derek_and_Clive" title="Derek and Clive">Derek and Clive</a> dialogues, these light-hearted attempts to make Moore laugh became, as a result of Cook's growing insecurity and alcoholism, aggressive attacks on the defenseless Moore. Carrying the tradition of going against the grain of traditional double acts, when the partnership dissolved in the late 1970s, it was Cook whose career stalled due to boredom, alcoholism and lack of ambition, while Moore went on to become one of Hollywood's most unlikely leading men. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sitcoms">Sitcoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sitcoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The double act has become a popular theme in <a href="/wiki/British_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="British sitcoms">British sitcoms</a>. One of the earliest examples of this was the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hancock" title="Tony Hancock">Tony Hancock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sid_James" title="Sid James">Sid James</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Galton_and_Simpson" title="Galton and Simpson">Galton and Simpson</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Hancock%27s_Half_Hour" title="Hancock's Half Hour">Hancock's Half Hour</a></i>. James played a down-to-earth character while Hancock was pompous and had <a href="/wiki/Delusions_of_grandeur" class="mw-redirect" title="Delusions of grandeur">delusions of grandeur</a>, and the comedy was derived from the two playing off each other's characteristics. </p><p>A common trend in sitcoms is to place the double act in a situation where they are forced together through uncontrollable circumstance. In another Galton and Simpson production, <i><a href="/wiki/Steptoe_and_Son" title="Steptoe and Son">Steptoe and Son</a></i>, a son, with great ambition, was forced to live with his elderly, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">manipulative</a> father as a <a href="/wiki/Rag_and_bone_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Rag and bone man">rag and bone man</a>. The comedy derives from the way the characters interact in their tempestuous relationship. The series also has more heart-rending moments as the son despairs at his inability to escape his needy, selfish, grasping father. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Porridge_(1974_TV_series)" title="Porridge (1974 TV series)">Porridge</a></i> saw "an habitual criminal", <a href="/wiki/Norman_Stanley_Fletcher" title="Norman Stanley Fletcher">Fletcher</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Barker" title="Ronnie Barker">Ronnie Barker</a>, already famous for his comedy partnership with <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Corbett" title="Ronnie Corbett">Ronnie Corbett</a>) and a young, naive, first-time prisoner, <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Godber" class="mw-redirect" title="Lennie Godber">Lennie Godber</a>. The two would bicker but endured a relationship of mutual respect. Barker also formed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/David_Jason" title="David Jason">David Jason</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Open_All_Hours" title="Open All Hours">Open All Hours</a></i>, with Jason playing Granville while Barker played Albert Arkwright. Many don't see this as a comedy duo, but the straight-man element coupled with Barker's funny-man antics on the show are still compressed into the script. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rik_Mayall" title="Rik Mayall">Rik Mayall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ade_Edmondson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ade Edmondson">Ade Edmondson</a> combined their success in sitcoms (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Ones_(TV_series)" title="The Young Ones (TV series)">The Young Ones</a></i>) and as a double act (<a href="/wiki/The_Dangerous_Brothers" title="The Dangerous Brothers">The Dangerous Brothers</a>) in 1991 when they created <i><a href="/wiki/Bottom_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom (television)">Bottom</a></i>. Their characters are a pair of sad, pathetic losers forced together by their mutual hopelessness. However, unlike earlier examples of such, the characters in <i>Bottom</i> absolutely hate each other, exacerbating their despair. This often leads to slapstick violence, such as hitting each other with frying pans. Mayall and Edmonson have said <i>Bottom</i> aimed to be more than just a series of toilet gags—it was meant to be a cruder cousin to plays like <i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> about the pointlessness of life. </p><p>Other popular double acts in British sitcoms include complex relationships involving status and superiority themes: in <i><a href="/wiki/Dad%27s_Army" title="Dad's Army">Dad's Army</a></i>, the social climbing envy of <a href="/wiki/Captain_George_Mainwaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain George Mainwaring">Captain George Mainwaring</a>, to his right-hand man (Sergeant Arthur Wilson) who is of higher status than him; and in <a href="/wiki/Red_Dwarf" title="Red Dwarf">Red Dwarf</a>, the working class everyman <a href="/wiki/Dave_Lister" title="Dave Lister">Dave Lister</a> to the middle class but socially-awkward <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rimmer" title="Arnold Rimmer">Arnold Rimmer</a>. However, the most prominent double act is that of an intelligent person and his inferior sidekick, such as Basil and Manuel of <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i>, Blackadder and Baldrick of <i><a href="/wiki/Blackadder" title="Blackadder">Blackadder</a></i>, or Ted and Father Dougal of the Irish sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Father_Ted" title="Father Ted">Father Ted</a></i>. </p><p>In recent years, double acts as sitcoms appear to have gone full circle, as illustrated by the cult success of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Boosh" title="The Mighty Boosh">The Mighty Boosh</a></i>. For the relationship between the two main characters this series uses a formula very similar to that between Sid and Tony in <i>Hancock's Half Hour</i> – that of an arrogant character whose best friend can see his faults and keeps him grounded. A similar dynamic is used in <i><a href="/wiki/Peep_Show_(British_TV_series)" title="Peep Show (British TV series)">Peep Show</a></i> in which the characters of <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a> were adapted for the sitcom formula. In this case both characters have a degree of egotism. The difference between the pair is the free-spirited, uneducated and selfishness of Jeremy and the intellectual arrogance but shyness of Mark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._and_Canada">U.S. and Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. and Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/220px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/330px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG/440px-Abbott_and_Costello_circa_1940s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the tradition was more popular in the earlier part of the 20th century with <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>-derived acts such as <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burns_and_Allen" title="Burns and Allen">Burns and Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Carney" title="Art Carney">Art Carney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_%26_Woolsey" title="Wheeler & Woolsey">Wheeler & Woolsey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyons_and_Yosco" title="Lyons and Yosco">Lyons and Yosco</a> and continuing into the <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> age with <a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenan_%26_Kel" title="Kenan & Kel">Kenan & Kel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_and_Ray" title="Bob and Ray">Bob and Ray</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers" title="Smothers Brothers">Smothers Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_and_Shuster" title="Wayne and Shuster">Wayne and Shuster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Rossi" title="Allen & Rossi">Allen and Rossi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Burns" title="Jack Burns">Jack Burns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avery_Schreiber" title="Avery Schreiber">Avery Schreiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowan_and_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowan and Martin">Rowan and Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wayans_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayans Brothers">Wayans Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stewie_Griffin" title="Stewie Griffin">Stewie Griffin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Griffin" title="Brian Griffin">Brian Griffin</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i> and Shawn and Gus in <i><a href="/wiki/Psych" title="Psych">Psych</a></i>. The series <i><a href="/wiki/I_Love_Lucy" title="I Love Lucy">I Love Lucy</a></i> was known for its double acts, and <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> served as foil to both her husband <a href="/wiki/Desi_Arnaz" title="Desi Arnaz">Desi Arnaz</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Vance" title="Vivian Vance">Vivian Vance</a>. Vance could also serve as foil to <a href="/wiki/William_Frawley" title="William Frawley">William Frawley</a> when the situation required. Vance and Ball would again serve as a double act in their next series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lucy_Show" title="The Lucy Show">The Lucy Show</a></i>. More recently, the model has been largely supplanted by that of the "<a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">buddy movie</a>" genre, which has introduced several notable comedy partnerships not formally billed as a single "act" in the traditional manner. The earliest example of such a team may have been <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>; later examples include <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dom_DeLuise" title="Dom DeLuise">Dom DeLuise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corey_Haim" title="Corey Haim">Corey Haim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corey_Feldman" title="Corey Feldman">Corey Feldman</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Spade" title="David Spade">David Spade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Farley" title="Chris Farley">Chris Farley</a> and child stars <a href="/wiki/Drake_Bell" title="Drake Bell">Drake Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Peck" title="Josh Peck">Josh Peck</a>. Based on the gag-man/straight-man concept, "Stoner" duos like <a href="/wiki/Cheech_%26_Chong" title="Cheech & Chong">Cheech & Chong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_%26_Silent_Bob" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay & Silent Bob">Jay & Silent Bob</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harold_%26_Kumar" title="Harold & Kumar">Harold & Kumar</a> have also proven quite popular with audiences. The double act format can also be used in presenting noncomedic information in an entertaining manner, such as <a href="/wiki/Adam_Savage" title="Adam Savage">Savage</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jamie_Hyneman" title="Jamie Hyneman">Hyneman</a> pair of the Discovery Channel's <i><a href="/wiki/MythBusters" title="MythBusters">MythBusters</a></i> (which Savage stated was unintentional when they began the series but naturally grew into a double act as the result of their own conflicting personalities).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2006 to 2010, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> used the double-act formula successfully in its popular series of <a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac"><i>I'm a Mac/And I'm a PC</i></a> ads with <a href="/wiki/John_Hodgman" title="John Hodgman">John Hodgman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Long" title="Justin Long">Justin Long</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italy">Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cochi_e_Renato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cochi_e_Renato.jpg/220px-Cochi_e_Renato.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Cochi_e_Renato.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cochi_e_Renato" title="Cochi e Renato">Cochi e Renato</a> in 1972</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ric_e_Gian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ric_e_Gian.jpg/220px-Ric_e_Gian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ric_e_Gian.jpg/330px-Ric_e_Gian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ric_e_Gian.jpg/440px-Ric_e_Gian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ric_e_Gian" title="Ric e Gian">Ric e Gian</a> in 1972</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ficarra_e_Picone,_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg/220px-Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg/330px-Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg/440px-Ficarra_e_Picone%2C_Giffoni_Film_Festival_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Ficarra e Picone</a> at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Giffoni_Film_Festival" title="Giffoni Film Festival">Giffoni Film Festival</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> the tradition was more popular in the late part of the 20th century with <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_%26_Miseferi" title="Battaglia & Miseferi">Battaglia & Miseferi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochi_e_Renato" title="Cochi e Renato">Cochi e Renato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Ficarra e Picone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fichi_d%27India" title="Fichi d'India">Fichi d'India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gigi_e_Andrea" title="Gigi e Andrea">Gigi e Andrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katia_%26_Valeria" title="Katia & Valeria">Katia & Valeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillo_%26_Greg" title="Lillo & Greg">Lillo & Greg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pio_e_Amedeo" title="Pio e Amedeo">Pio e Amedeo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ric_e_Gian" title="Ric e Gian">Ric e Gian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cochi_e_Renato" title="Cochi e Renato">Cochi e Renato</a> were childhood friends, and they grew accustomed to perform together in front of an audience of friends and relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their professional debut took place in 1965 in the small cabaret club Cab 64 in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, where they performed along with <a href="/wiki/Lino_Toffolo" title="Lino Toffolo">Lino Toffolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lauzi" title="Bruno Lauzi">Bruno Lauzi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also joined by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Jannacci" title="Enzo Jannacci">Enzo Jannacci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felice_Andreasi" title="Felice Andreasi">Felice Andreasi</a> with whom they formed the comedy ensemble Motore, who had a good success in Milan.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple became first known in the late 1960s thanks to the <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a> innovative variety shows <i>Quelli della domenica</i> (1968) and <i>È domenica, ma senza impegno</i> (1969).<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characterized by a peculiar comic verve, filled with paradoxical and surreal moods, their popularity increased in the early 1970s with the variety show <i>Il poeta e il contadino</i> and with the participation with the musical show <i><a href="/wiki/Canzonissima" title="Canzonissima">Canzonissima</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple began to crack in 1974, when Renato started devoting himself to a full-time film career.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long separation, Cochi e Renato reunited in 2000s for a series of television and stage projects.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochi e Renato were also very active as singer-songwriters (often with the collaboration of <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Jannacci" title="Enzo Jannacci">Enzo Jannacci</a>), and they had several commercial hits;<sup id="cite_ref-Deregibus_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deregibus-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hitparade_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitparade-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their most successful song is "E la vita la vita", which reached the first place at the Italian charts in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hitparade_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitparade-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ric_e_Gian" title="Ric e Gian">Ric e Gian</a> met in an <a href="/wiki/Avanspettacolo" title="Avanspettacolo">avanspettacolo</a> at the Teatro Maffei in Turin, where Ric worked as a dancer and Gian was the <a href="/wiki/Sidekick" title="Sidekick">sidekick</a> of the actor Mario Ferrero.<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then decided to performing together as <i>Jerry e Fabio</i> and worked in various theaters, nights and cabarets in Northern Italy as well as at the <a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse_(cabaret)" title="Crazy Horse (cabaret)">Crazy Horse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-il_gio_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il_gio-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noted by film producer <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Rizzoli" title="Angelo Rizzoli">Angelo Rizzoli</a>, they renamed themselves Ric e Gian in 1962 and made their film debut in <i>Ischia operazione amore</i> (1966).<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from the late 1960s, the couple gained popularity thanks to their participation in several prime time <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a> variety shows.<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1970s they focused on theatre, and between late 1970s and early 1980s their popularity revamped thanks to a number of <a href="/wiki/Antenna_3_Lombardia" title="Antenna 3 Lombardia">Antenna 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fininvest" title="Fininvest">Fininvest</a> television shows they took part in.<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-il_gio_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il_gio-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987 the couple split to pursue some solo projects, before briefly reuniting between 2002 and 2006 for a number of stage shows and plays.<sup id="cite_ref-il_gio_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il_gio-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gigi_e_Andrea" title="Gigi e Andrea">Gigi e Andrea</a> started performing together in small theaters, cabarets and hostelries in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> in the second half of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-bio3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bio2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They debuted in 1978 on the <a href="/wiki/Rai_1" title="Rai 1">Rai 1</a> variety show <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Io_e_la_Befana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io e la Befana (page does not exist)">Io e la Befana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year before they had appeared for the first time on TV in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_modo_mio_(television_show)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A modo mio (television show) (page does not exist)">A modo mio</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Memo_Remigi" title="Memo Remigi">Memo Remigi</a>. In the 1980s, the couple starred and co-starred in several comedy films which were usually badly received by critics but of commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-bio3_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stracult_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stracult-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same period, their presence on the small screen also became more intense, especially on <a href="/wiki/Fininvest" title="Fininvest">Fininvest</a> variety shows and television films.<sup id="cite_ref-bio3_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, having reached a more than respectable success, the couple split in order to pursue solo projects.<sup id="cite_ref-bio3_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grasso_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Ficarra e Picone</a> started in 1993 along with Salvatore Borrello as a comedy trio, performing together on stage as "Chiamata Urbana Urgente".<sup id="cite_ref-bio4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the two remaining members began to use their surnames: Ficarra & Picone.<sup id="cite_ref-bio4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, Ficarra e Picone made their film debut with <i><a href="/wiki/Ask_Me_If_I%27m_Happy" title="Ask Me If I'm Happy">Ask Me If I'm Happy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Aldo,_Giovanni_%26_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo">Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo</a>, and two years later they made the first film as main actors, <i><a href="/wiki/Nati_stanchi" title="Nati stanchi">Nati stanchi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio4_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 April 2005, Ficarra and Picone were the TV anchor-men four episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Striscia_la_notizia" title="Striscia la notizia">Striscia la notizia</a></i> to which they collaborated from 27 March 2006 up to 5 December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 they debuted as directors alongside <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianbattista_Avellino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianbattista Avellino (page does not exist)">Gianbattista Avellino</a> with the film <i><a href="/wiki/Il_7_e_l%278" title="Il 7 e l'8">Il 7 e l'8</a></i>, for which they were nominated to <a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello" title="David di Donatello">David di Donatello</a> <a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_New_Director" title="David di Donatello for Best New Director">for Best New Director</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to <a href="/wiki/Silver_Ribbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Ribbon">Silver Ribbon</a> in the same category.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2007 they were featured as comic characters in the story <i>Zio Paperone e il rapimento teatrale</i> (trad. <i>Uncle Scrooge and the Theatrical Kidnapping</i>), published in the issue 2678 of <i><a href="/wiki/Topolino" title="Topolino">Topolino</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="China">China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">xiangsheng</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">xiangsheng</a> (also known as crosstalk) is a traditional comedic performance usually in the form of a dialogue between two performers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan">Japan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">manzai</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> the <a href="/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">manzai</a> tradition parallels that of the double although it is more formulaic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Here there is a distinguished straight man (<i>tsukkomi</i>) and funny man (<i>boke</i>) and the humor consists of quick slapstick jokes, comical stories and social misunderstandings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germany">Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCnnes_and_Sch%C3%A4l" class="mw-redirect" title="Tünnes and Schäl">Tünnes and Schäl</a> (since 1803/1850s), two <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> puppet theater characters, fit to the concept of fool and straight man. </p><p>During WWII <a href="/wiki/Tran_and_Helle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tran and Helle">Tran and Helle</a> appeared in a number of short films to deter Germans from actions detrimental to Germany's war effort or security. </p><p>Between 1950 and 1980, the most popular comedy duo of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herricht_%26_Preil" title="Herricht & Preil">Herricht & Preil</a>, ran a very successful double act, with <a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Preil" title="Hans-Joachim Preil">Hans-Joachim Preil</a> as the straight man and <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Herricht" title="Rolf Herricht">Rolf Herricht</a> as the comic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant_%26_Dec" title="Ant & Dec">Ant & Dec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_and_Miller" title="Armstrong and Miller">Armstrong and Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_and_Stuart" title="Barry and Stuart">Barry and Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheech_%26_Chong" title="Cheech & Chong">Cheech & Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_and_Phil" title="Dan and Phil">Dan and Phil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Conchords" title="Flight of the Conchords">Flight of the Conchords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_and_Ciccio" title="Franco and Ciccio">Franco and Ciccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Saunders" title="French and Saunders">French and Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_and_Laurie" title="Fry and Laurie">Fry and Laurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_and_Shean" title="Gallagher and Shean">Gallagher and Shean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_and_Pace" title="Hale and Pace">Hale and Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_%26_Andy" title="Hamish & Andy">Hamish & Andy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inspired_Unemployed" title="The Inspired Unemployed">The Inspired Unemployed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_and_Amir" title="Jake and Amir">Jake and Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_and_Silent_Bob" title="Jay and Silent Bob">Jay and Silent Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_%26_Peele" title="Key & Peele">Key & Peele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lano_and_Woodley" title="Lano and Woodley">Lano and Woodley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lum_and_Abner" title="Lum and Abner">Lum and Abner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_and_Large" title="Little and Large">Little and Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_and_Lewis" title="Martin and Lewis">Martin and Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_and_Sue" title="Mel and Sue">Mel and Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_and_Rosso" title="Merrick and Rosso">Merrick and Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_and_Webb" title="Mitchell and Webb">Mitchell and Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_and_Baddiel" title="Newman and Baddiel">Newman and Baddiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichols_and_May" title="Nichols and May">Nichols and May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pin_(comedy_act)" title="The Pin (comedy act)">The Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetry_of_the_Penis" title="Puppetry of the Penis">Puppetry of the Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sklar_Brothers" title="Sklar Brothers">Randy and Jason Sklar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Short" title="Martin Short">Martin Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhett_%26_Link" title="Rhett & Link">Rhett & Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_and_HG" title="Roy and HG">Roy and HG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_and_Dale" title="Smith and Dale">Smith and Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smosh" title="Smosh">Smosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_%26_Cher" title="Sonny & Cher">Sonny & Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiller_and_Meara" title="Stiller and Meara">Stiller and Meara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D" title="Tenacious D">Tenacious D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_%26_Eric" title="Tim & Eric">Tim & Eric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_2_Johnnies" title="The 2 Johnnies">The 2 Johnnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Umbilical_Brothers" title="The Umbilical Brothers">The Umbilical Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trixie_and_Katya" title="Trixie and Katya">Trixie and Katya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_and_Bob" title="Vic and Bob">Vic and Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ylvis" title="Ylvis">Ylvis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_act&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/double-act-charlie-higson/">"A curious history of the comedy double act | Charlie Higson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+curious+history+of+the+comedy+double+act+%26%23124%3B+Charlie+Higson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-tls.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fpublic%2Fdouble-act-charlie-higson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts_2018_p.-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_2018_p._2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2018" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Andrew (2018). <i>The double act : a history of the great British comedy duo</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8432-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8432-4"><bdi>978-0-7509-8432-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1065523122">1065523122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+double+act+%3A+a+history+of+the+great+British+comedy+duo&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1065523122&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-8432-4&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turnipnet.com/crazygang/gang.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Chesney and Allen" The Crazy Gang"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Chesney+and+Allen%22+The+Crazy+Gang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turnipnet.com%2Fcrazygang%2Fgang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comedy/comedians/the-25-best-comedy-duos/peter-cook-and-dudley-moore/">"Peter Cook & Dudley Moore, The 25 best comedy duos"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comedy/comedians/the-25-best-comedy-duos/peter-cook-and-dudley-moore/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Peter+Cook+%26+Dudley+Moore%2C+The+25+best+comedy+duos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomedy%2Fcomedians%2Fthe-25-best-comedy-duos%2Fpeter-cook-and-dudley-moore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2017-11-27/vote-best-uk-tv-comedy-double-act/">"Who is your favourite UK TV comedy double act?"</a>. <i>Radio Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Who+is+your+favourite+UK+TV+comedy+double+act%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fnews%2Ftv%2F2017-11-27%2Fvote-best-uk-tv-comedy-double-act%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sundaypost.com/in10/laurel-and-hardy-the-worlds-greatest-comedy-double-act/">"Laurel and Hardy – the world's greatest comedy double act"</a>. <i>Sunday Post</i>. 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Post&rft.atitle=Laurel+and+Hardy+%E2%80%93+the+world%27s+greatest+comedy+double+act&rft.date=2013-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundaypost.com%2Fin10%2Flaurel-and-hardy-the-worlds-greatest-comedy-double-act%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Story of Light Entertainment: Double Acts</i>, BBC 2, 9pm, 22 July 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/variety191-1953-09#page/n70/mode/1up">"Europe Choosey on Films, Sez Reiner; Sluffs Flops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. 9 September 1953. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Europe+Choosey+on+Films%2C+Sez+Reiner%3B+Sluffs+Flops&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1953-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety191-1953-09%23page%2Fn70%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.boxofficestory.com/france-1948-c22733213&prev=search">"1953 at the box office"</a>. <i>Box Office Story</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Story&rft.atitle=1953+at+the+box+office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dfr%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficestory.com%2Ffrance-1948-c22733213%26prev%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/12/11/news/una_piazza_per_franco_e_ciccio-48510063/">"Una piazza per Franco e Ciccio amarcord tra vicoli e teatrini – Palermo – Repubblica.it"</a> (in Italian). 11 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Una+piazza+per+Franco+e+Ciccio+amarcord+tra+vicoli+e+teatrini+%E2%80%93+Palermo+%E2%80%93+Repubblica.it&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpalermo.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2012%2F12%2F11%2Fnews%2Funa_piazza_per_franco_e_ciccio-48510063%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMereghetti2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mereghetti, Paolo (2006). <i>Dizionario dei film 2006</i> (in Italian). Baldini Castoldi Dalai. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8884907783" title="Special:BookSources/978-8884907783"><bdi>978-8884907783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+dei+film+2006&rft.pub=Baldini+Castoldi+Dalai&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-8884907783&rft.aulast=Mereghetti&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/regione/toscana/2015/01/09/news/franco-e-ciccio-amatissimi-dal-pubblico-detestati-dalla-critica-1.10634866">"Franco e Ciccio: amatissimi dal pubblico, detestati dalla critica - Toscana - il Tirreno"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franco+e+Ciccio%3A+amatissimi+dal+pubblico%2C+detestati+dalla+critica+-+Toscana+-+il+Tirreno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filtirreno.gelocal.it%2Fregione%2Ftoscana%2F2015%2F01%2F09%2Fnews%2Ffranco-e-ciccio-amatissimi-dal-pubblico-detestati-dalla-critica-1.10634866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sentieriselvaggi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sentieriselvaggi_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sentieriselvaggi.it/libri-di-cinema-due-cialtroni-alla-rovescia-studio-sulla-comicit-di-franco-franchi-e-ciccio-ingrassia-di-fabio-piccione/">"Libri di cinema - "Due Cialtroni alla rovescia. Studio sulla comicità di Franco Franchi e Ciccio Ingrassia" di Fabio Piccione. - SentieriSelvaggi"</a>. 6 June 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libri+di+cinema+-+%22Due+Cialtroni+alla+rovescia.+Studio+sulla+comicit%C3%A0+di+Franco+Franchi+e+Ciccio+Ingrassia%22+di+Fabio+Piccione.+-+SentieriSelvaggi&rft.date=2005-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentieriselvaggi.it%2Flibri-di-cinema-due-cialtroni-alla-rovescia-studio-sulla-comicit-di-franco-franchi-e-ciccio-ingrassia-di-fabio-piccione%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mondadoristore-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mondadoristore_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mondadoristore.it/Soprassediamo-Franco-Gordiano-Lupi/eai978887606548/">"Soprassediamo! Franco & Ciccio story. Il cinema comico-parodistico di Franco Franchi e Ciccio Ingrassia. Ediz. illustrata - Gordiano Lupi"</a>. Mondadori Store Team<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soprassediamo%21+Franco+%26+Ciccio+story.+Il+cinema+comico-parodistico+di+Franco+Franchi+e+Ciccio+Ingrassia.+Ediz.+illustrata+-+Gordiano+Lupi&rft.pub=Mondadori+Store+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondadoristore.it%2FSoprassediamo-Franco-Gordiano-Lupi%2Feai978887606548%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lezioni-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lezioni_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DVD N.9 <i>Lezioni di cinema</i>, Repubblica-L'espresso</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mythbusters-adam-savage-wont-work-with-jamie-hyneman-anymore-2016-5">"Insider"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Insider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmythbusters-adam-savage-wont-work-with-jamie-hyneman-anymore-2016-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnrico_Lancia,_Roberto_Poppi" class="citation book cs1">Enrico Lancia, Roberto Poppi. <i>Dizionario del cinema italiano: Gli artisti. Gli attori dal 1930 ai giorni nostri</i>. Gremese Editore, 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8884402697" title="Special:BookSources/8884402697"><bdi>8884402697</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+del+cinema+italiano%3A+Gli+artisti.+Gli+attori+dal+1930+ai+giorni+nostri.&rft.pub=Gremese+Editore%2C+2003&rft.isbn=8884402697&rft.au=Enrico+Lancia%2C+Roberto+Poppi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grasso-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grasso_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aldo Grasso, Massimo Scaglioni, <i>Enciclopedia della Televisione</i>, Garzanti, Milano, 1996 – 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/881150466X" title="Special:BookSources/881150466X">881150466X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deregibus-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deregibus_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnrico_Deregibus2010" class="citation book cs1">Enrico Deregibus (8 October 2010). <i>Dizionario completo della Canzone Italiana</i>. Giunti Editore, 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8809756250" title="Special:BookSources/978-8809756250"><bdi>978-8809756250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+completo+della+Canzone+Italiana&rft.pub=Giunti+Editore%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.isbn=978-8809756250&rft.au=Enrico+Deregibus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hitparade-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hitparade_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hitparade_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDario_Salvatori1989" class="citation book cs1">Dario Salvatori (1989). <i>Storia dell'Hit Parade</i>. Gramese, 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8876054391" title="Special:BookSources/8876054391"><bdi>8876054391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storia+dell%27Hit+Parade&rft.pub=Gramese%2C+1989&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=8876054391&rft.au=Dario+Salvatori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-il_gio-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-il_gio_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-il_gio_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-il_gio_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_Lodetti2010" class="citation news cs1">Antonio Lodetti (15 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/gian-finale-commovente-cinquant-anni-risate.html">"Gian, un finale commovente dopo cinquant'anni di risate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Giornale&rft.atitle=Gian%2C+un+finale+commovente+dopo+cinquant%27anni+di+risate&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft.au=Antonio+Lodetti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Fnews%2Fgian-finale-commovente-cinquant-anni-risate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio3_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio3_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio3_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio3_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnrico_LanciaRoberto_Poppi" class="citation book cs1">Enrico Lancia; Roberto Poppi. <i>Dizionario del cinema italiano: Gli artisti. Gli attori dal 1930 ai giorni nostri</i>. 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Sperling & Kupfer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8820029197" title="Special:BookSources/8820029197"><bdi>8820029197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+dei+film+italiani+stracult&rft.pub=Sperling+%26+Kupfer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=8820029197&rft.au=Marco+Giusti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio4-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio4_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio4_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio4_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2011/11/14/news/ficarra_picone_anno_per_anno-25015752/">"Ficarra & Picone anno per anno"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">La Repubblica</a></i>. 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Ficarra+%26+Picone+anno+per+anno&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalermo.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2011%2F11%2F14%2Fnews%2Fficarra_picone_anno_per_anno-25015752%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincenzo_Mele2020" class="citation web cs1">Vincenzo Mele (30 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sologossip.it/2020/11/30/striscia-la-notizia-annuncio-addio-programma-dopo-15-anni/">"Striscia la Notizia, triste annuncio: addio al programma dopo 15 anni"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210121043239/https://www.sologossip.it/2020/11/30/striscia-la-notizia-annuncio-addio-programma-dopo-15-anni/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Striscia+la+Notizia%2C+triste+annuncio%3A+addio+al+programma+dopo+15+anni&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft.au=Vincenzo+Mele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sologossip.it%2F2020%2F11%2F30%2Fstriscia-la-notizia-annuncio-addio-programma-dopo-15-anni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729083439/http://www.dgmag.it/cinema/david-di-donatello-tornatore-protagonista-658">"David di Donatello, Tornatore protagonista"</a>. DG Mag. 8 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgmag.it/cinema/david-di-donatello-tornatore-protagonista-658">the original</a> on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+di+Donatello%2C+Tornatore+protagonista&rft.pub=DG+Mag&rft.date=2007-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgmag.it%2Fcinema%2Fdavid-di-donatello-tornatore-protagonista-658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trovacinema.repubblica.it/news/dettaglio/ficarra-e-picone-candidati-ai-nastri-dargento/323420">"Ficarra e Picone candidati ai Nastri d'Argento"</a>. <i>La Repubblica</i>. 17 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Ficarra+e+Picone+candidati+ai+Nastri+d%27Argento&rft.date=2007-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrovacinema.repubblica.it%2Fnews%2Fdettaglio%2Fficarra-e-picone-candidati-ai-nastri-dargento%2F323420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wuz.it/spettacolo/26185/ficarra-picone-anche.html">"Ficarra e Picone anche su Topolino"</a>. Wuz.it. 12 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ficarra+e+Picone+anche+su+Topolino&rft.pub=Wuz.it&rft.date=2007-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wuz.it%2Fspettacolo%2F26185%2Fficarra-picone-anche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouble+act" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">Impersonator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">Prank call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_line" title="Punch line">Punch line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">Visual gag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">Word play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_comedy_films" title="American comedy films">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comedy_films" title="British comedy films">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Theatre of ancient Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">Xiangsheng</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hong Kong <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">Kyōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">Manzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owarai" title="Owarai">Owarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">Rakugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarugaku" title="Sarugaku">Sarugaku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_comedy" title="Korean comedy">Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">Boulevard theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Comedy drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_humours" title="Comedy of humours">Comedy of humours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_manners" title="Comedy of manners">Comedy of manners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">Comedy of menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Double act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchietta" title="Macchietta">Macchietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-person_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-person show">One-person show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_comedy" title="Sentimental comedy">Sentimental comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_larmoyante" title="Comédie larmoyante">Comédie larmoyante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_play" title="Shadow play">Shadow play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spex_(theatre)" title="Spex (theatre)">Spex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Music<br />and dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">Café-chantant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Café-théâtre">Café-théâtre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_club" title="Comedy club">Comedy club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">Music hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_music" title="Comedy music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">Musical comedians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_sitcom" title="Black sitcom">Black sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_sitcom" title="Teen sitcom">Teen sitcom</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_comedy" title="Christian comedy">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_comedy" title="Cringe comedy">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpan" title="Deadpan">Deadpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_comedy" title="Documentary comedy">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_comedy" title="High comedy">High</a> / <a href="/wiki/Low_comedy" title="Low comedy">low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insult_comedy" title="Insult comedy">Insult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_comedy" title="Observational comedy">Observational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prop_comedy" title="Prop comedy">Prop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referential_humor" title="Self-referential humor">Self-referential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_humour" title="Shock humour">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_comedy" title="Sick comedy">Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">Slapstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slapstick_comedy_topics" title="List of slapstick comedy topics">Topics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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