CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>CZ:Philosophy Workgroup - Citizendium</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ec5c851cf831f989d8a797ee","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"CZ","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":100,"wgPageName":"CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup","wgTitle":"Philosophy Workgroup","wgCurRevisionId":9857,"wgRevisionId":9857,"wgArticleId":9795,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Citizendium Workgroups","Pages with too many expensive parser function calls"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup","wgRelevantArticleId":9795,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgPageFormsTargetName":null,"wgPageFormsAutocompleteValues":[],"wgPageFormsAutocompleteOnAllChars":false,"wgPageFormsFieldProperties":[],"wgPageFormsCargoFields":[],"wgPageFormsDependentFields":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarValues":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarParams":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarHTML":null,"wgPageFormsGridValues":[],"wgPageFormsGridParams":[],"wgPageFormsContLangYes":null,"wgPageFormsContLangNo":null,"wgPageFormsContLangMonths":[],"wgPageFormsHeightForMinimizingInstances":800,"wgPageFormsShowOnSelect":[],"wgPageFormsScriptPath":"/wiki/extensions/PageForms","edgValues":null,"wgPageFormsEDSettings":null,"wgAmericanDates":false,"wgVector2022PreviewPages":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":4};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.legacy.js","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.popups"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=skins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.39.5"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"/> <link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon1.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/wiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="Citizendium"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Citizendium Atom feed" href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-W7ML9SNPXT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-W7ML9SNPXT'); </script> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-100 ns-subject page-CZ_Philosophy_Workgroup rootpage-CZ_Philosophy_Workgroup skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-language-alert-in-sidebar-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-edit-disabled vector-feature-table-of-contents-disabled vector-feature-visual-enhancement-next-disabled"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">CZ</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philosophy Workgroup</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Citizendium</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table align="center" style="width:60%; border: solid 3px #7d3c98; background: #ffffff; padding: 5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td><center> <p><a href="/wiki/CZ:Workgroups" title="CZ:Workgroups">Workgroups</a> are no longer used for group communications, but they still are used to group articles into fields of interest. Each article is assigned to 1-3 Workgroups via the article's <a href="/wiki/CZ:Article_structure#Metadata" title="CZ:Article structure">Metadata</a>. </p> </center> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="100%" border="1" style="margin:1em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; border:1px solid #555; border-collapse:collapse; cell-padding:0; line-height:2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="background:#FFFFB2"> <table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:20px; height:20px; overflow:hidden;"><div style="position:absolute; font-size:20px; overflow:hidden; line-height:20px; letter-spacing:20px;"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Workgroups#Humanities" title="CZ:Workgroups"><span title="CZ:Workgroups#Humanities" style="text-decoration:none;">   </span></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Humanities_button.png" class="image" title="CZ:Workgroups#Humanities"><img alt="CZ:Workgroups#Humanities" src="/wiki/images/thumb/e/e9/Humanities_button.png/20px-Humanities_button.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/e/e9/Humanities_button.png/30px-Humanities_button.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/thumb/e/e9/Humanities_button.png/40px-Humanities_button.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philosophy Workgroup</a></b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:lightgrey"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy article</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Workgroup" title="Category:Philosophy Workgroup">All articles</a> <small>(368)</small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_to_Approve" title="Category:Philosophy to Approve">To Approve</a> <small>(0)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center">Editors: <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Editors" title="Category:Philosophy Editors">active</a> <small>(0)</small> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Inactive_Philosophy_Editors" title="Category:Inactive Philosophy Editors">inactive</a> <small>(22)</small> <br />and<br />Authors: <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Authors" title="Category:Philosophy Authors">active</a> <small>(281)</small> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Inactive_Philosophy_Authors" title="Category:Inactive Philosophy Authors">inactive</a> <small>(0)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:lightgrey"><a href="/wiki/CZ_Talk:Philosophy_Workgroup" title="CZ Talk:Philosophy Workgroup"> Workgroup Discussion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:lightgrey"><span class="plainlinks"><small><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Recent changes</a></small></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Citable_Version_Subpages" title="Category:Philosophy Citable Version Subpages">Citable Articles</a> (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Affiliated_Subgroups" title="Category:Philosophy Affiliated Subgroups">Subgroups</a> <small>(0)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table><table> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="8"><small><b><a href="/wiki/CZ:The_Article_Checklist" title="CZ:The Article Checklist">Checklist</a>-generated categories:</b> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Underlinked_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Underlinked Articles">Underlinked</a> (177)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Category_Check" title="Category:Philosophy Category Check">Cat Check</a> (149)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Cleanup" title="Category:Philosophy Cleanup">Cleanup</a> (0)</li> </ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/CZ:Subpages" title="CZ:Subpages">Subpage</a> categories:</b> </p> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Definition_Subpages" title="Category:Philosophy Definition Subpages">Definitions</a> (354)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Related_Article_Subpages" title="Category:Philosophy Related Article Subpages">Related Articles</a> (310</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Bot-created_Related_Articles_subpages" title="Category:Philosophy Bot-created Related Articles subpages">to check</a> 99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Bibliographies" title="Category:Philosophy Bibliographies">Bibliography</a> (124)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_External_Link_Subpages" title="Category:Philosophy External Link Subpages">External Links</a> (115)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Galleries" title="Category:Philosophy Galleries">Gallery</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Video_Subpages" title="Category:Philosophy Video Subpages">Video</a> (6) </li> </ul> </small></td> <td> <p><b>Missing subpage categories:</b> </p> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_need_def" title="Category:Philosophy need def">Definitions</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_need_rel" title="Category:Philosophy need rel">Related Articles</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_need_bib" title="Category:Philosophy need bib">Bibliography</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_need_ext" title="Category:Philosophy need ext">External Links</a> (3)</li> </ul> <p><b>Article statuses:</b> </p> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Developed_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Developed Articles">18 Developed</a> (status=1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Developing_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Developing Articles">178 Developing</a> (status=2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Stub_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Stub Articles">165 Stub</a> (status=3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_External_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy External Articles">3 External</a> (status=4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Advanced_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Advanced Articles">19 Advanced</a> (status 0-1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Nonstub_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Nonstub Articles">197 Nonstub</a> (status 0-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Internal_Articles" title="Category:Philosophy Internal Articles">362 Internal</a> (status 0-3)</li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> Workgroup will organize and coordinate efforts to create and improve articles relating to Philosophy. If you are interested in participating, you may add yourself to <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Authors" title="Category:Philosophy Authors">Category:Philosophy Authors</a>, discuss issues on the Philosophy Workgroup Forum, or simply dive in and begin contributing. If you'd like to be an editor, please <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizendium.org/cfa.html">follow these instructions</a> and then you may add yourself to <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_Editors" title="Category:Philosophy Editors">Category:Philosophy Editors</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Help_plan_Philosophy_Week!"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Help plan Philosophy Week!</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Core_articles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Core articles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Top_priority"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Top priority</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#People_and_key_philosophical_works"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">People and key philosophical works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Movements_and_historical_overviews"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Movements and historical overviews</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Subdisciplines"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Subdisciplines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Key_concepts,_problems,_and_theories"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Key concepts, problems, and theories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Non-western_philosophy"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Non-western philosophy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Articles"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Some_high_priority_articles"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Some high priority articles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Biographies"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Isms"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Isms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Da_Big_Ones"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Da Big Ones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Branches"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Branches</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Schools"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Schools</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Help_plan_Philosophy_Week.21"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Help_plan_Philosophy_Week!">Help plan Philosophy Week!</span></h2> <p><b><a href="/wiki/CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup/Workgroup_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="CZ:Philosophy Workgroup/Workgroup Week">Go here and sign up!</a></b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Core_articles">Core articles</span></h2> <p><i><a href="/wiki/CZ:Core_Articles" title="CZ:Core Articles">Core articles</a> are those that are as-yet unwritten and so should be prioritised. Please start articles on the topics below.</i> <i>Click <a href="/wiki/CZ:Core_Articles/Philosophy" title="CZ:Core Articles/Philosophy">here</a> to edit this transcluded list.</i> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center" class="" style="background:transparent; width:100%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Top_priority">Top priority</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Right_and_wrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right and wrong (page does not exist)">Right and wrong</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Right_and_wrong/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese philosophy (page does not exist)">Chinese philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=History_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of philosophy (page does not exist)">History of philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=History_of_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Problem_of_universals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problem of universals (page does not exist)">Problem of universals</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Problem_of_universals/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Right_(political_philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right (political philosophy) (page does not exist)">Right (political philosophy)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Right_(political_philosophy)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Rationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rationalism (page does not exist)">Rationalism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Rationalism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Identity_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identity (philosophy) (page does not exist)">Identity (philosophy)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Identity_(philosophy)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_(logic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argument (logic)"><font color="#111111">Argument (logic)</font></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Argument_(logic)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Idea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idea (page does not exist)">Idea</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Idea/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Good_and_bad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Good and bad (page does not exist)">Good and bad</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Good_and_bad/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Freedom_and_liberty_(political_philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom and liberty (political philosophy) (page does not exist)">Freedom and liberty (political philosophy)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Freedom_and_liberty_(political_philosophy)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Definition of art (page does not exist)">Definition of art</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_art/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="People_and_key_philosophical_works">People and key philosophical works</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher"><font color="#111111">Philosopher</font></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosopher/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=George_Edward_Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edward Moore (page does not exist)">George Edward Moore</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=George_Edward_Moore/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Movements_and_historical_overviews">Movements and historical overviews</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Greek philosophy (page does not exist)">Ancient Greek philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Medieval_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval philosophy (page does not exist)">Medieval philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Medieval_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Early_modern_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early modern philosophy (page does not exist)">Early modern philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Early_modern_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=German_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German idealism (page does not exist)">German idealism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=German_idealism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Pragmatism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragmatism (page does not exist)">Pragmatism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pragmatism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Subdisciplines">Subdisciplines</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Metaethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaethics (page does not exist)">Metaethics</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Metaethics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Applied_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applied ethics (page does not exist)">Applied ethics</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Applied_ethics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of law (page does not exist)">Philosophy of law</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_law/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <h3><span id="Key_concepts.2C_problems.2C_and_theories"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Key_concepts,_problems,_and_theories">Key concepts, problems, and theories</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Definition of philosophy (page does not exist)">Definition of philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Substance_(metaphysics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substance (metaphysics) (page does not exist)">Substance (metaphysics)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Substance_(metaphysics)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Platonism_(metaphysics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platonism (metaphysics) (page does not exist)">Platonism (metaphysics)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Platonism_(metaphysics)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Causation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causation (page does not exist)">Causation</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Causation/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Theism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Validity_(logic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Validity (logic) (page does not exist)">Validity (logic)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Validity_(logic)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Fallacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fallacy (page does not exist)">Fallacy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Fallacy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Sense_and_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sense and reference (page does not exist)">Sense and reference</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sense_and_reference/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Physicalism_and_materialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physicalism and materialism (page does not exist)">Physicalism and materialism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Physicalism_and_materialism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Phenomenalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenomenalism (page does not exist)">Phenomenalism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Phenomenalism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Dualism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dualism (page does not exist)">Dualism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dualism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Representationalism_(perception)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Representationalism (perception) (page does not exist)">Representationalism (perception)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Representationalism_(perception)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=A_priori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A priori (page does not exist)">A priori</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=A_priori/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=A_posteriori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A posteriori (page does not exist)">A posteriori</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=A_posteriori/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Justification_(epistemology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justification (epistemology) (page does not exist)">Justification (epistemology)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Justification_(epistemology)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Common_sense_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common sense (philosophy) (page does not exist)">Common sense (philosophy)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Common_sense_(philosophy)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Skepticism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Foundationalism_(epistemology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalism (epistemology) (page does not exist)">Foundationalism (epistemology)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Foundationalism_(epistemology)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Coherentism_(epistemology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coherentism (epistemology) (page does not exist)">Coherentism (epistemology)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Coherentism_(epistemology)/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Deontological_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deontological ethics (page does not exist)">Deontological ethics</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Deontological_ethics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Virtue_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtue theory (page does not exist)">Virtue theory</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Virtue_theory/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Egalitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egalitarianism (page does not exist)">Egalitarianism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Egalitarianism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Definition of law (page does not exist)">Definition of law</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Definition_of_law/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Non-western_philosophy">Non-western philosophy</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Laozi/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism">Daoism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Daoism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confucianism (page does not exist)">Confucianism</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Confucianism/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (page does not exist)">Indian philosophy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles">Articles</span></h2> <p><i>Click on the</i> [r] <i>after the first definition below to edit this list of transcluded subtopics</i>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=Philosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=aesthetics/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Aesthetics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_philosophy" title="Ancient philosophy">Ancient philosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=ancient+philosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ancient_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=continental+philosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Continental_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=epistemology/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Epistemology/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=ethics/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ethics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=hermeneutics/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Hermeneutics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=History_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of philosophy (page does not exist)">History of philosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=history+of+philosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=History_of_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=jurisprudence/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Jurisprudence/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=logic/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Logic/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Metaphilosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaphilosophy (page does not exist)">Metaphilosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=metaphilosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Metaphilosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=metaphysics/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Metaphysics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Ontology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontology (page does not exist)">Ontology</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=ontology/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ontology/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Phenomenology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenomenology (page does not exist)">Phenomenology</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=phenomenology/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Phenomenology/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of biology (page does not exist)">Philosophy of biology</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+biology/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_biology/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of education (page does not exist)">Philosophy of education</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+education/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_education/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+language/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_language/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of law (page does not exist)">Philosophy of law</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+law/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_law/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+mind/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_mind/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_perception&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of perception (page does not exist)">Philosophy of perception</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+perception/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_perception/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of physics (page does not exist)">Philosophy of physics</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+physics/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_physics/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of psychology (page does not exist)">Philosophy of psychology</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+psychology/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_psychology/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy of religion</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+religion/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_religion/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Philosophy of science</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+science/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_science/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_social_sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of social sciences (page does not exist)">Philosophy of social sciences</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=philosophy+of+social+sciences/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_social_sciences/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.8em;">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?action=edit&preload=Template%3ARelated_Articles_start&title=political+philosophy/Related_Articles"><font color="#8B0541"><span title="Click on the ''r'' to create the Related Articles page!" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">r</span></font></a>]</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Political_philosophy/Definition&action=edit&preload=Template%3ADef_preload"><i><font color="#666666">Add brief definition or description</font></i></a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Some_high_priority_articles">Some high priority articles</span></h2> <p>In the list of articles below, the existence of an <u>approved version</u> is indicated by underlining. </p><p>If you want to import one of these articles from Wikipedia, please read <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pilot.citizendium.org/wiki/Citizendium_Pilot:How_to_convert_Wikipedia_articles_to_Citizendium_articles">How to convert Wikipedia articles to Citizendium articles</a> first. In particular, please do not import WP articles unless you plan or beginning work on them "within the hour" as the article says. </p><p>Philosophers, please edit this list. </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/CZ:High_priority_articles_for_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="CZ:High priority articles for pilot">CZ:High priority articles for pilot</a> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center" class="" style="background:transparent; width:100%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Biographies">Biographies</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Theodor_Adorno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Adorno (page does not exist)">Theodor Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Albertus_Magnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albertus Magnus (page does not exist)">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Anselm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anselm (page does not exist)">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Hannah_Arendt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannah Arendt (page does not exist)">Hannah Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Averroes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Averroes (page does not exist)">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jules_Ayer" title="Alfred Jules Ayer">Alfred Jules Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Roger_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Bacon (page does not exist)">Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Jean_Baudrillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baudrillard (page does not exist)">Jean Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Simone_de_Beauvoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone de Beauvoir (page does not exist)">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (page does not exist)">Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Bonaventure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonaventure (page does not exist)">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Carnap" title="Rudolf Carnap">Rudolf Carnap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davidson" title="Donald Davidson">Donald Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Johann_Fichte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Fichte (page does not exist)">Johann Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Gottlob_Frege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottlob Frege (page does not exist)">Gottlob Frege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe (page does not exist)">Johann Wolfgang Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.W.F._Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="G.W.F. Hegel">G.W.F. Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Heraclitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclitus (page does not exist)">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Hypatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypatia (page does not exist)">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Karl_Jaspers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Jaspers (page does not exist)">Karl Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Saul_Kripke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul Kripke (page does not exist)">Saul Kripke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Tse" title="Lao Tse">Lao Tse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=David_Kellogg_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Kellogg Lewis (page does not exist)">David Kellogg Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Maimonides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maimonides (page does not exist)">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Iris_Murdoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iris Murdoch (page does not exist)">Iris Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=William_of_Ockham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William of Ockham (page does not exist)">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Charles_Peirce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Peirce (page does not exist)">Charles Peirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Willard Van Orman Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=George_Santayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Santayana (page does not exist)">George Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Duns_Scotus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duns Scotus (page does not exist)">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Francisco_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Suarez (page does not exist)">Francisco Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Nicholas_of_Cusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas of Cusa (page does not exist)">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Parmenides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmenides (page does not exist)">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales" title="Thales">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Giambattista_Vico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giambattista Vico (page does not exist)">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf" title="Benjamin Lee Whorf">Benjamin Lee Whorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="50%" align="left" valign="top"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Isms">Isms</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Dualism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dualism (page does not exist)">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Internalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internalism (page does not exist)">Internalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Monism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monism (page does not exist)">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism" title="Naturalism">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Nominalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominalism (page does not exist)">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Physicalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physicalism (page does not exist)">Physicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Positivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positivism (page does not exist)">Positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Pragmatism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragmatism (page does not exist)">Pragmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Rationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rationalism (page does not exist)">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Scepticism">Scepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Structuralism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Structuralism (page does not exist)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Da_Big_Ones">Da Big Ones</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Arete_(excellence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arete (excellence) (page does not exist)">Arete (excellence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Essence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essence (page does not exist)">Essence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence" title="Existence">Existence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=The_Good&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Good (page does not exist)">The Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Possible_worlds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Possible worlds (page does not exist)">Possible worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Substance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substance (page does not exist)">Substance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Unity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity (page does not exist)">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Virtue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtue (page does not exist)">Virtue</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Branches">Branches</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Moral_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral philosophy (page does not exist)">Moral philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Social_and_Political_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social and Political Philosophy (page does not exist)">Social and Political Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_Mind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of Mind (page does not exist)">Philosophy of Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of Religion">Philosophy of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of Science">Philosophy of Science</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Schools">Schools</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Cambridge_Platonists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge Platonists (page does not exist)">Cambridge Platonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Scholastic_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scholastic philosophy (page does not exist)">Scholastic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table>  </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&oldid=9857">https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&oldid=9857</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Citizendium_Workgroups" title="Category:Citizendium Workgroups">Citizendium Workgroups</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_too_many_expensive_parser_function_calls" title="Category:Pages with too many expensive parser function calls">Pages with too many expensive parser function calls</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=CZ%3APhilosophy+Workgroup" title="To edit pages, [[Special:RequestAccount|get a contributor account]]. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-cz" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup"><span>CZ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ_Talk:Philosophy_Workgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <label id="p-variants-label" aria-label="Change language variant" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li><li id="ca-mzwi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&action=mzwi"><span>ZWI Export</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <div> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/wiki/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Citizendium" aria-label="Search Citizendium" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Citizendium [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go To Page"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-Read" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Read vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Read-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Read-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Read</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Welcome to Citizendium</span></a></li><li id="n-Citable-Articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Category:Citable_versions_of_articles"><span>Citable Articles</span></a></li><li id="n-All-Articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Category:CZ_Live"><span>All Articles</span></a></li><li id="n-Random-Article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/CZ_Live"><span>Random Article</span></a></li><li id="n-All-Recent-Changes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges"><span>All Recent Changes</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-About_Us" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-About_Us vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-About_Us-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-About_Us-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">About Us</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:About"><span>Introduction</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:FAQ"><span>FAQ</span></a></li><li id="n-Policies" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Policies"><span>Policies</span></a></li><li id="n-Governance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Contact_Us" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contact_Us vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Contact_Us-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Contact_Us-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Contact Us</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Enquiries" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Enquiry_Form"><span>Enquiries</span></a></li><li id="n-Apply-to-Join" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Index/Join"><span>Apply to Join</span></a></li><li id="n-Personnel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Personnel"><span>Personnel</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-How_To" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-How_To vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-How_To-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-How_To-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">How To</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forum:Home"><span>Forum</span></a></li><li id="n-Start-Article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Start_Article"><span>Start Article</span></a></li><li id="n-Article-Mechanics" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Article_mechanics"><span>Article Mechanics</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-Edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_to_edit_an_article"><span>How to Edit</span></a></li><li id="n-Help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Home"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-More-Help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Index"><span>More Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Quick-Start" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Quick_Start"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-collaborate" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_to_collaborate"><span>How to collaborate</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-format-pages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_To"><span>How to format pages</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Finance" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Finance vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Finance-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Finance-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Finance</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Financial-Report" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Financial_report"><span>Financial Report</span></a></li><li id="n-Donate" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Donate"><span>Donate</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&oldid=9857" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=CZ:Philosophy_Workgroup&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified 12:32, 9 November 2014.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><I>CZ is free</i>. All written content is available under the <a href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_CC-by-sa_3.0">Creative Commons-Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license</a> or any later. Written content that originated in part from Wikipedia is also available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike</a>. <br /> <br /> <a href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/Help:Index">Help</a> • <a href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/CZ:Financial_report">Financial Report</a> • Follow Citizendium on <a href="https://twitter.com/TheCitizendium">Twitter</a> • <a href="https://www.facebook.com/citizendium">Facebook</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/CZ:About">About Citizendium</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/CZ:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img src="/wiki/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa.png" alt="Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":598});});</script> </body>  </html>