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role="button">Timeline</span><div class="box box-enhanced box-enhanced-timeline box-full dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu"><div class="seal-block seal-block-header"><div class="seal-content"><h6>Enhanced Content - Timeline</h6></div></div><div class="content-block "> <ol class="timeline list with-bullets enhanced"> <li> <span class='date'> 9/06/2024 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2024-09-06/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2024-09-06/to/2024-09-05/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'> </span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 7/18/2024 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2024-07-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2024-07-18/to/2024-07-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2024-07-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 5/30/2024 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2024-05-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2024-05-30/to/2024-05-29/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2024-05-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 4/30/2024 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2024-04-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2024-04-30/to/2024-04-29/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2024-04-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 4/19/2024 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2024-04-19/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2024-04-19/to/2024-04-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2024-04-19/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 11/17/2023 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2023-11-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2023-11-17/to/2023-11-16/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2023-11-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/25/2023 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2023-10-25/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2023-10-25/to/2023-10-24/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2023-10-25/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/18/2023 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2023-10-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2023-10-18/to/2023-10-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2023-10-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 4/17/2023 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2023-04-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2023-04-17/to/2023-04-16/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2023-04-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 2/24/2023 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2023-02-24/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2023-02-24/to/2023-02-23/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2023-02-24/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/21/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-10-21/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-10-21/to/2022-10-20/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-10-21/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/13/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-10-13/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-10-13/to/2022-10-12/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-10-13/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/07/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-10-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-10-07/to/2022-10-06/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-10-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 9/09/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-09-09/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-09-09/to/2022-09-08/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-09-09/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 8/15/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-08-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-08-15/to/2022-08-14/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-08-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 5/26/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-05-26/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-05-26/to/2022-05-25/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-05-26/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date current-change'> 3/16/2022 </span> <span class='timeline current-change current-change-content'> view on this date </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-03-16/to/2022-03-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-03-16/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/07/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-03-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-03-07/to/2022-03-06/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-03-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/03/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-03-03/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-03-03/to/2022-03-02/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-03-03/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 1/12/2022 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2022-01-12/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2022-01-12/to/2022-01-11/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2022-01-12/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/21/2021 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2021-10-21/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2021-10-21/to/2021-10-20/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2021-10-21/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/05/2021 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2021-10-05/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2021-10-05/to/2021-10-04/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2021-10-05/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/29/2021 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2021-03-29/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2021-03-29/to/2021-03-28/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2021-03-29/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/01/2021 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2021-03-01/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2021-03-01/to/2021-02-28/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2021-03-01/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 1/19/2021 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2021-01-19/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2021-01-19/to/2021-01-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2021-01-19/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/30/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-10-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-10-30/to/2020-10-29/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-10-30/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/05/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-10-05/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-10-05/to/2020-10-04/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-10-05/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 9/11/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-09-11/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-09-11/to/2020-09-10/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-09-11/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 6/18/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-06-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-06-18/to/2020-06-17/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-06-18/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/09/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-03-09/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-03-09/to/2020-03-08/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-03-09/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 1/23/2020 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2020-01-23/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2020-01-23/to/2020-01-22/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2020-01-23/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 10/25/2018 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2018-10-25/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2018-10-25/to/2018-10-24/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2018-10-25/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 8/03/2018 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2018-08-03/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2018-08-03/to/2018-08-02/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2018-08-03/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 8/15/2017 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2017-08-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2017-08-15/to/2017-08-14/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2017-08-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 7/07/2017 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2017-07-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2017-07-07/to/2017-07-06/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2017-07-07/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> <li> <span class='date'> 3/15/2017 </span> <span class='timeline'> <a href="/on/2017-03-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">view on this date</a> </span> <span class='timeline'> <a data-diff-path="/compare/2017-03-15/to/2017-03-14/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">view change <span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">introduced</span></a> </span> <span class='timeline'><a data-diff-path="/compare/current/to/2017-03-15/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772" href="#">compare to most recent</a></span> </li> </ol> </div><div class="seal-block seal-block-footer"><h6>Enhanced Content - Timeline</h6></div></div></li> <li class="enhanced " id="utility-nav-go-to-date" tabindex="0"><span role="button" aria-label="Go to Date" data-delay="{"show":300,"hide":0}" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-title="Go to Date" class="icon-ecfr icon-ecfr-calendar-alt "></span><span class="content-nav-label " role="button">Go to Date</span><div class="box box-enhanced box-full dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" role="menu"><div class="seal-block seal-block-header"><div class="seal-content"><h6>Enhanced Content - Go to Date</h6></div></div><div class="content-block "> <form class="simple_form form-horizontal go-to-date" id="go-to-date-form" autocomplete="off" novalidate="novalidate" action="#" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <div class="form-group bootstrap_datepicker optional go_to_date_date"><label class="control-label bootstrap_datepicker optional" for="go_to_date_date">Date</label><div class='input-group'> <input class="form-control bootstrap_datepicker optional bootstrap-datepicker" data-date-start-date="1/03/2017" data-date-force-parse="false" data-date-assume-nearby-year="true" data-date-format="mm/dd/yyyy" data-date-autoclose="true" data-provide="datepicker" type="text" value="03/16/2022" name="go_to_date[date_box]" id="go_to_date_date_box" /> <span class='input-group-addon calendar-btn'><span class='glyphicon glyphicon-calendar'></span></span> 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In this part, references to the EAR are references to <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/chapter-VII" class="cfr external">15 CFR chapter VII</a>, subchapter C. Those terms in quotation marks refer to terms used on the Commerce Control List (CCL) (supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the EAR). Parenthetical references following the terms in quotation marks (i.e., (Cat 5)) refer to the CCL category in which that term is found. If a term is used in only one Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) on the CCL, then that term will <em>not</em> appear in this part, but will be defined in the Related Definitions paragraph in the List of Items Controlled Section of that ECCN.</p> <div id="p-772.1(600%20series)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “600 series”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">600 series.</em> ECCNs in the “xY6zz” format on the Commerce Control List (CCL) that control items on the CCL that were previously controlled on the U.S. Munitions List or that are covered by the Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List (WAML). The “6” indicates the entry is a munitions entry on the CCL. The “x” represents the CCL category and “Y” the CCL product group. The “600 series” constitutes the munitions ECCNs within the larger CCL.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(600%20Series%20Major%20Defense%20Equipment%20or%20MDE)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “600 Series Major Defense Equipment or MDE”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><em>600 Series Major Defense Equipment</em> or <em>MDE.</em></span> Any item listed in ECCN 9A610.a, 9A619.a, 9A619.b or 9A619.c, having a nonrecurring research and development cost of more than $50,000,000 or a total production cost of more than $200,000,000.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to “600 Series Major Defense Equipment”:</div> <p>For the most current list of MDE, see Appendix 1, (Nonrecurring Cost Recoupment Charges for Major Defense Equipment) to DoD 5105.38-M, “Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM),” dated 04/30/2012, available online at <em><a href="http://www.dsca.osd.mil/samm/ESAMM/Appendix01.htm" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.dsca.osd.mil/samm/ESAMM/Appendix01.htm</a>.</em></p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Access%20information)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Access information”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Access information.</em> Information that allows access to encrypted technology or encrypted software in an unencrypted form. Examples include decryption keys, network access codes, and passwords.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Accessories)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Accessories”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Accessories.</em> These are associated items for any “component,” “end item,” or “system,” and which are not necessary for their operation, but which enhance their usefulness or effectiveness. For example, for a riding lawnmower, “accessories” and “attachments” will include the bag to capture the cut grass, and a canopy to protect the operator from the sun and rain. For purposes of this definition, “accessories” and “attachments” are the same.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Accuracy)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Accuracy”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Accuracy.</em> (Cat 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8) - “Accuracy” is usually measured in terms of inaccuracy. It is defined as the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Active%20flight%20control%20systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Active flight control systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Active flight control systems.</em> (Cat 7) - Function to prevent undesirable “aircraft” and “missile” motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to effect automatic control.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Active%20pixel)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Active pixel”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Active pixel.</em> (Cat 6) - A minimum (single) element of the solid state array that has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light (electromagnetic) radiation.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Adaptive%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Adaptive control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Adaptive control.</em> (Cat 2) - A control system that adjusts the response from conditions detected during the operation (Ref. ISO 2806-1980).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Adjusted%20Peak%20Performance%20(APP))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Adjusted Peak Performance (APP)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Adjusted Peak Performance (APP).</em> (Cat 4) An adjusted peak rate at which “digital computers” perform 64-bit or larger floating point additions and multiplications. The formula to calculate APP is contained in a technical note at the end of Category 4 of the Commerce Control List.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Export%20Policy%20(ACEP))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Advisory Committee on Export Policy (ACEP)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Advisory Committee on Export Policy (ACEP).</em> The ACEP voting members include the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration, and Assistant Secretary-level representatives from the Departments of State, Defense, Justice (for encryption exports), Energy, and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The appropriate representatives of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of the Nonproliferation Center of the Central Intelligence Agency are non-voting members. The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration is the Chair. Appropriate acting Assistant Secretary, Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent strength of any agency or department may serve in lieu of the Assistant Secretary of the concerned agency or department. Such representatives, regardless of rank, will speak and vote on behalf of their agencies or departments. The ACEP may invite Assistant Secretary-level representatives of other Government agencies or departments (other than those identified above) to participate in the activities of the ACEP when matters of interest to such agencies or departments are under consideration. Decisions are made by majority vote.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(AES)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “AES”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">AES.</em> See “Automated Export System.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Agricultural%20commodities)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Agricultural commodities”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Agricultural commodities.</em> Agricultural commodities include food (including processed food); feed; fish; shellfish and fish products; beer, wine and spirits; livestock; fiber including cotton, wool and other fibers; tobacco and tobacco products; wood and wood products; seeds; fertilizer and organic fertilizer; reproductive materials such as fertilized eggs, embryos and semen. For the purposes of the EAR, agricultural commodities do not include furniture made from wood; clothing manufactured from plant or animal materials; agricultural equipment (whether hand tools or motorized equipment); pesticides, insecticides, or herbicides; or cosmetics (unless derived entirely from plant materials).</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1:</div> <p>This definition of agricultural commodities includes fertilizer and organic fertilizer, as listed in section 775 of the 2001 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (Act) (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/106/public/387" class="publ external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Public Law 106-387</a>) and commodities listed in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/7/5602" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">7 U.S.C. 5602</a>) as incorporated in section 902 of the Act, as well as commodities determined by the Department of Agriculture to fall within the scope of section 102 of the 1978 Agricultural Trade Act.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2:</div> <p>For purposes of License Exception AGR (see § 740.18 of the EAR), agricultural commodities also include vitamins, minerals, food additives and dietary supplements, and bottled water. These items do not fall within the scope of section 102 of the 1978 Agricultural Trade Act, but are treated as agricultural commodities for the purposes of License Exception AGR.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 3:</div> <p>For purposes of License Exception AGR and export license applications to Iran under the licensing procedures set forth in the appropriate regulations promulgated and administered by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, agricultural commodities only include those that are classified as EAR99.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Aircraft)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Aircraft”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Aircraft.</em> (Cat 1, 6, 7, and 9) - A fixed wing, swivelwing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle. (See also “civil aircraft”.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Airline)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Airline”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Airline.</em> Any person engaged primarily in the transport of persons or property by aircraft for compensation or hire, pursuant to authorization by the U.S. Government or a foreign government.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Airship)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Airship”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Airship.</em> (Cat 2 and 9) A power-driven airborne vehicle that is kept buoyant by a body of gas (usually helium, formerly hydrogen) which is lighter than air.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(All%20compensations%20available)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “All compensations available”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">All compensations available.</em> (Cat 2) means after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimize all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model or measuring errors for the particular coordinate measuring machine are considered.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Allocated%20by%20the%20ITU)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Allocated by the ITU”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Allocated by the ITU.</em> (Cat 3 and Cat 5 part 1) - The allocation of frequency bands according to the current edition of the ITU Radio Regulations for primary, permitted and secondary services.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">N.B.</div> <p>Additional and alternative allocations are not included.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Angle%20random%20walk)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Angle random walk”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Angle random walk.</em> (Cat 7) The angular error buildup with time that is due to white noise in angular rate. (IEEE STD 528-2001)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Angular%20position%20deviation)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Angular position deviation”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Angular position deviation.</em> (Cat 2) - The maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position. (Reference: VDI/VDE 2617, Draft: “Rotary tables on coordinate measuring machines”).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(APP)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “APP”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“APP”<em></em></span> See “Adjusted Peak Performance.” This term may also appear without quotation marks.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Applicant)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Applicant”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Applicant.</em> The person who applies for an export or reexport license, and who has the authority of a principal party in interest to determine and control the export or reexport of items. See § 748.4 of the EAR and definition for “exporter” in this part of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Asymmetric%20algorithm)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Asymmetric algorithm”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Asymmetric algorithm.</em> (Cat 5) means a cryptographic algorithm using different, mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Note:</div> <p>A common use of “asymmetric algorithms” is key management.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Attachments)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Attachments”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Attachments.</em> These are associated items for any “component,” “end item,” or “system,” and which are not necessary for their operation, but which enhance their usefulness or effectiveness. For example, for a riding lawnmower, “accessories” and “attachments” will include the bag to capture the cut grass, and a canopy to protect the operator from the sun and rain. For purposes of this definition, “attachments” and “accessories” are the same.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Australia%20Group)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Australia Group”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Australia Group.</em> The countries participating in the Australia Group have agreed to adopt harmonized controls on certain dual-use chemicals (i.e., precursor chemicals), biological agents, related manufacturing facilities and equipment, and related technology in order to ensure that exports of these items do not contribute to the proliferation of chemical or biological weapons. Countries participating in the Australia Group as of November 1, 2013, include: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea (South), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. See also § 742.2 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Authentication)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Authentication”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Authentication</em>”.</span> (Cat 5P2) Verifying the identity of a user, process or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in an information system. This includes verifying the origin or content of a message or other information, and all aspects of access control where there is no encryption of files or text except as directly related to the protection of passwords, Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) or similar data to prevent unauthorized access.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Automated%20Export%20System%20(AES))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Automated Export System (AES)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Automated Export System (AES).</em> AES is a nationwide system operational at all ports and for all methods of transportation through which export shipment data required by multiple agencies is filed electronically to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, using the efficiencies of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). AES allows the export information to be collected electronically and edited immediately. For more information about AES, visit the Bureau of Census Web site at: <em><a href="http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aes/index.html" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aes/index.html</a></em> or see <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/part-30" class="cfr external">15 CFR part 30</a> the Foreign Trade Regulations</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Average%20Output%20Power)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Average Output Power”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Average Output Power.</em> (Cat 6) The average output power is the total “laser” output energy, in joules, divided by the period over which a series of consecutive pulses is emitted, in seconds. For a series of uniformly spaced pulses it is equal to the total “laser” output energy in a single pulse, in joules, multiplied by the pulse frequency of the “laser,” in Hertz.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Bank”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Bank.</em> Means any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Bank” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Bank, savings association, credit union, bank holding company, bank or savings association service corporation, Edge Act corporation, Agreement corporation, or any insured depository institution, which is organized under the laws of the United States or any State and regulated or supervised by a Federal banking agency or a State bank supervisor; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Bank” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A company organized under the laws of a foreign country and regulated or supervised by a foreign bank regulatory or supervisory authority which engages in the business of banking, including without limitation, foreign commercial banks, foreign merchant banks and other foreign institutions that engage in banking activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the countries where such foreign institutions are organized or operating; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Bank” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> An entity engaged in the business of providing clearing or settlement services, that is, or whose members are, regulated or supervised by a Federal banking agency, a State bank supervisor, or a foreign bank regulatory or supervisory authority; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Bank” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> A branch or affiliate of any of the entities listed in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this definition, regulated or supervised by a Federal banking agency, a State bank supervisor or a foreign bank regulatory or supervisory authority; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bank)(e)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Bank” (e)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>e<span class="paren">)</span></span> An affiliate of any of the entities listed in paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this definition, engaged solely in the business of providing data processing services to a bank or financial institution, or a branch of such an affiliate.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Basic%20gate%20propagation%20delay%20time)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Basic gate propagation delay time”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Basic gate propagation delay time.</em> (Cat 3) The propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used in a “monolithic integrated circuit.” For a ‘family’ of “monolithic integrated circuits”, this may be specified either as the propagation delay time per typical gate within the given ‘family’ or as the typical propagation delay time per gate within the given ‘family’.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Notes:</div> <p>1. “Basic gate propagation delay time” is not to be confused with the input/output delay time of a complex “monolithic integrated circuit.”</p> <p>2. ‘Family’ consists of all integrated circuits to which all of the following are applied as their manufacturing methodology and specifications except their respective functions:</p> <p>a. The common hardware and software architecture;</p> <p>b. The common design and process technology; <em>and</em></p> <p>c. The common basic characteristics.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Basic%20Scientific%20Research)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Basic Scientific Research”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Basic Scientific Research.</em> (GTN) - Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bias)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Bias”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Bias.</em> (accelerometer) (Cat 7) - The average over a specified time of accelerometer output measured at specified operating conditions, that has no correlation with input acceleration or rotation. “Bias” is expressed in g or in meters per second<sup>2</sup> (g or m/s<sup>2</sup>) (IEEE Std 528-2001) (Micro g equals 1×10<sup>−6</sup> g).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bias)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Bias”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Bias”.<em></em></span> (gyro) (Cat 7) The average over a specified time of gyro output measured at specified operating conditions that has no correlation with input rotation or acceleration. “Bias” is typically expressed in degrees per hour (deg/hr). (IEEE Std 528-2001).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Bill%20of%20Lading)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Bill of Lading”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Bill of Lading.</em> The contract of carriage and receipt for items, issued by the carrier. It includes an air waybill, but does not include an inland bill of lading or a domestic air waybill covering movement to port only.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Build-to-Print technology.</em> </p> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> This is “production” “technology” that is sufficient for an inherently capable end user to produce or repair a commodity from engineering drawings without any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)(1)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology” (1)(i)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> Revealing “development” “technology,” such as design methodology, engineering analysis, detailed process or manufacturing know-how;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)(1)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology” (1)(ii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Revealing the production engineering or process improvement aspect of the “technology;” or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)(1)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology” (1)(iii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Requiring assistance from the provider of the technology to produce or repair the commodity.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Build-to-Print%20technology)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Build-to-Print technology” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Acceptance, test, or inspection criteria pertaining to the commodity at issue is included within the scope of “build-to-print technology” only if it is necessary to verify that the commodity is acceptable.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Business%20Unit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Business Unit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Business Unit.</em> As applied to encryption items, means a unit of a business which, whether or not separately incorporated, has:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Business%20Unit)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Business Unit” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A distinct organizational structure which does not overlap with other business units of the same business;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Business%20Unit)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Business Unit” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A distinct set of accounts; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Business%20Unit)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Business Unit” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Separate facilities for purchase, sale, delivery, and production of goods and services.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(CCL)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “CCL”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">CCL.</em> See Commerce Control List.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(CCL%20Group)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “CCL Group”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">CCL Group.</em> The Commerce Control List (CCL) is divided into 10 categories. Each category is subdivided into five groups, designated by the letters A through E: (A) Equipment, assemblies and components; (B) Test, inspection and production equipment; (C) Materials; (D) Software; and (E) Technology. See § 738.2(b) of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Camming)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Camming”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Camming.</em> (axial displacement) (Cat 2) - Axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Ref.: ISO 230 Part 1-1986, paragraph 5.63).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Canadian%20airline)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Canadian airline”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Canadian airline.</em> Any citizen of Canada who is authorized by the Canadian Government to engage in business as an airline. For purposes of this definition, a Canadian citizen is:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Canadian%20airline)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Canadian airline” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A natural person who is a citizen of Canada; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Canadian%20airline)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Canadian airline” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A partnership of which each member is such an individual; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Canadian%20airline)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Canadian airline” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> A Canadian firm incorporated or otherwise organized under the laws of Canada or any Canadian province, having a total foreign stock interest not greater than 40 percent and having the Chairman or Acting Chairman and at least two-thirds of the Directors thereof Canadian citizens.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Capable%20of)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Capable of”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Capable of.</em> (MTCR context) - See “usable in”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Category”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Category.</em> The Commerce Control List (CCL) is divided into ten categories: (0) Nuclear Materials, Facilities and Equipment, and Miscellaneous; </p> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(1)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Materials, Chemicals, “Microorganisms”, and Toxins; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(2)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Materials Processing; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(3)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Electronics Design, Development and Production; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(4)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (4)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> Computers; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(5)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (5)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> Telecommunications and Information Security; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(6)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (6)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>6<span class="paren">)</span></span> Sensors; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(7)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (7)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>7<span class="paren">)</span></span> Navigation and Avionics; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(8)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (8)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>8<span class="paren">)</span></span> Marine; </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Category)(9)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Category” (9)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>9<span class="paren">)</span></span> Propulsion Systems, Space Vehicles, and Related Equipment. See § 738.2(a) of the EAR.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Chemical%20laser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Chemical laser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Chemical laser.</em> (Cat 6) - A “laser” in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Chemical%20Weapons%20Convention%20(CWC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).</em> Means “The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction”, opened for signature on January 13, 1993.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Circular%20Error%20Probable)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Circular Error Probable”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Circular Error Probable.</em> (“CEP”) (Cat 7) In a circular normal distribution, the radius of the circle containing 50% of the individual measurements being made, or the radius of the circle within which there is a 50% probability of being located.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Circulation-controlled%20anti-torque%20or%20circulation-controlled%20direction%20control%20systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Circulation-controlled, anti-torque or circulation-controlled direction control systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Circulation-controlled, anti-torque or circulation-controlled direction control systems</em> (Cat 7) - Control systems using air blown over aerodynamic surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Civil%20aircraft)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Civil aircraft”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Civil aircraft.</em> (Cat 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9) Those “aircraft” listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by civil aviation authorities of one or more Wassenaar Arrangement Participating States to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use. (see also “aircraft”)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(COCOM%20(Coordinating%20Committee%20on%20Multilateral%20Export%20Controls))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “COCOM (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">COCOM (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls).</em> A multilateral organization that cooperated in restricting strategic exports to controlled countries. COCOM was officially disbanded on March 31, 1994. COCOM members included: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Commerce%20Control%20List%20(CCL))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Commerce Control List (CCL)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Commerce Control List (CCL).</em> A list of items under the export control jurisdiction of the Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce. Note that certain additional items described in part 732 of the EAR are also subject to the EAR. The CCL is found in supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Commodity)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Commodity”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Commodity.</em> Any article, material, or supply except technology and software.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Communications%20Channel%20Controller)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Communications Channel Controller”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Communications Channel Controller.</em> (Cat 4) - The physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Compensation%20systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Compensation systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Compensation systems.</em> (Cat 6) Consist of the primary scalar sensor, one or more reference sensors (<em>e.g.,</em> vector “magnetometers”) together with software that permit reduction of rigid body rotation noise of the platform.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Complete%20breech%20mechanisms)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Complete breech mechanisms”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Complete breech mechanisms.</em> The mechanism for opening and closing the breech of a breech-loading firearm, especially of a heavy-caliber weapon.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Component)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Component”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Component.</em> This is an item that is useful only when used in conjunction with an “end item.” “Components” are also commonly referred to as assemblies. For purposes of this definition an assembly and a “component” are the same. There are two types of “components”: “Major components” and “minor components.” A “major component” includes any assembled element which forms a portion of an “end item” without which the “end item” is inoperable. For example, for an automobile, “components” will include the engine, transmission, and battery. If you do not have all those items, the automobile will not function, or function as effectively. A “minor component” includes any assembled element of a “major component.” “Components” consist of “parts.” References in the CCL to “components” include both “major components” and “minor components.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Composite)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Composite”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Composite.</em> (Cat 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9) - A “matrix” and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibers or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(III%2FV%20compounds)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “III/V compounds”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“III/V compounds”.<em></em></span> (Cat 3 and 6) Polycrystalline or binary or complex monocrystalline products consisting of elements of groups IIIA and VA of Mendeleyev's periodic classification table (e.g., gallium arsenide, gallium-aluminum arsenide, indium phosphide).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Contouring%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Contouring control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Contouring control.</em> (Cat 2) - Two or more “numerically controlled” motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (Ref. ISO/DIS 2806 - 1980).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Controlled%20country)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Controlled country”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Controlled country.</em> Countries designated controlled for national security purposes under authority delegated to the Secretary of Commerce by Executive Order 12214 of May 2, 1980 pursuant to section 5(b) of the EAA. The controlled countries are: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cambodia, Cuba, the People's Republic of China, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Macau, Moldova, Mongolia, North Korea, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. All of the controlled countries except Cuba are listed in Country Group D:1 of the EAR. Cuba is listed in Country Group E:2. This definition does not apply to part 768 of the EAR (Foreign Availability), which provides a dedicated definition.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Countries%20supporting%20international%20terrorism)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Countries supporting international terrorism”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Countries supporting international terrorism.</em> In accordance with § 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (EAA), the Secretary of State has determined that the following countries' governments have repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism: Iran, North Korea, and Syria.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Country%20Chart)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Country Chart”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Country Chart.</em> A chart, found in supplement no. 1 to part 738 of the EAR, that contains certain licensing requirements based on destination and reason for control. In combination with the CCL, the Country Chart indicates when a license is required for any item on the CCL to any country in the world under General Prohibition One (Exports and Reexports in the Form Received), General Prohibition Two (Parts and Components Reexports), and General Prohibition Three (Foreign Produced Direct Product Reexports). See part 736 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Country%20Groups)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Country Groups”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Country Groups.</em> For export control purposes, foreign countries are separated into five country groups designated by the symbols A, B, C, D, and E. (See supplement no. 1 to part 740 of the EAR for a list of countries in each Country Group.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Critical%20temperature)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Critical temperature”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Critical temperature.</em> (Cat 1, 3, 5P1, and 6) - The “critical temperature” (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific “superconductive” material is the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Crude%20oil)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Crude oil”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Crude oil.</em> A mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in liquid phase in underground reservoirs, remains liquid at atmospheric pressure (after passing through surface separating facilities), and has not been processed through a crude oil distillation tower. Crude oil includes reconstituted crude petroleum, lease condensate, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip gases are also included, but topped crude oil, residual oil, and other finished and unfinished oils are excluded.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Cryptanalytic%20items)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Cryptanalytic items”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Cryptanalytic items.</em> (Cat 5P2) Systems, equipment or components designed or modified to perform 'cryptanalytic functions', software having the characteristics of cryptanalytic hardware or performing 'cryptanalytic functions', or technology for the development, production or use of cryptanalytic commodities or software.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p><em>1. 'Cryptanalytic functions' are functions designed to defeat cryptographic mechanisms in order to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text, passwords or cryptographic keys. These functions may include 'cryptanalysis,' which is the analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text. (ISO 7498-2-1988 (E), paragraph 3.3.18).</em></p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(2.%20Functions%20specially%20designed%20and%20limited%20to%20protect%20against%20malicious%20computer%20damage%20or%20unauthorized%20system%20intrusion%20(e.g.%20viruses%20worms%20and%20trojan%20horses)%20are%20not%20construed%20to%20be%20cryptanalytic%20functions.))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “2. Functions specially designed and limited to protect against malicious computer damage or unauthorized system intrusion (e.g., viruses, worms and trojan horses) are not construed to be 'cryptanalytic functions.')”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">2. Functions specially designed and limited to protect against malicious computer damage or unauthorized system intrusion (e.g., viruses, worms and trojan horses) are not construed to be 'cryptanalytic functions.').</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Cryptographic%20activation)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Cryptographic activation”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Cryptographic activation.</em> (Cat 5P2) Any technique that specifically activates or enables cryptographic capability of an item, by means of a mechanism implemented by the manufacturer of the item, where this mechanism is uniquely bound to any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Cryptographic%20activation)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Cryptographic activation” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> A single instance of the item; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Cryptographic%20activation)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Cryptographic activation” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> One customer, for multiple instances of the item.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical note 1 to definition of “Cryptographic activation”:</div> <p>“Cryptographic activation” techniques and mechanisms may be implemented as hardware, “software” or “technology”.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical note 2 to definition of “Cryptographic activation”:</div> <p>Mechanisms for “cryptographic activation” can, for example, be serial number-based license keys or authentication instruments such as digitally signed certificates.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Cryptography)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Cryptography”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Cryptography</em> (Cat 5P2) - The discipline that embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorized use. “Cryptography” is limited to the transformation of information using one or more 'secret parameters' (<em>e.g.,</em> crypto variables) and/or associated key management.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Notes:</div> <p><em>1. “Cryptography” does not include 'fixed' data compression or coding techniques.</em></p> <p><em>2. “Cryptography” includes decryption.</em></p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Notes:</div> <p><em>1. 'Secret parameter': A constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared only within a group.</em></p> <p><em>2. 'Fixed': The coding or compression algorithm cannot accept externally supplied parameters (e.g., cryptographic or key variables) and cannot be modified by the user.</em></p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Customs%20officer)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Customs officer”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Customs officer.</em> The Customs officers in the U.S. Customs Service and postmasters unless the context indicates otherwise.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(CW%20Laser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “CW Laser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">CW Laser.</em> (Cat 6) A CW (Continuous Wave) laser is defined as a laser that produces a nominally constant output energy for greater than 0.25 seconds.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Cyber%20incident%20response)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Cyber incident response”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Cyber incident response.</em> (§ 740.22, Cat 4) means the process of exchanging necessary information on a cybersecurity incident with individuals or organizations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation to address the cybersecurity incident.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Data-Based%20Referenced%20Navigation%20(DBRN)%20Systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Data-Based Referenced Navigation (“DBRN”) Systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Data-Based Referenced Navigation (“DBRN”) Systems.</em> (Cat 7) Systems which use various sources of previously measured geo-mapping data integrated to provide accurate navigation information under dynamic conditions. Data sources include bathymetric maps, stellar maps, gravity maps, magnetic maps or 3-D digital terrain maps.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Data%20signaling%20rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Data signaling rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Data signaling rate.”</em> (Cat 5) means the rate, as defined in ITU Recommendation 53-36, taking into account that, for non-binary modulation, baud and bit per second are not equal. Bits for coding, checking and synchronization functions are to be included.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>When determining the “data signaling rate”, servicing and administrative channels shall be excluded.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Note:</div> <p>It is the maximum one-way rate, i.e., the maximum rate in either transmission or reception.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Depleted%20uranium)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Depleted uranium”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Depleted uranium.</em> (Cat 0) means uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Designed%20or%20modified)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Designed or modified”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Designed or modified.</em> (MTCR context) - Equipment, parts, components, or “software” that, as a result of “development”, or modification, have specified properties that make them fit for a particular application. “Designed or modified” equipment, parts, components or “software” can be used for other applications. For example, a titanium coated pump designed for a “missile” may be used with corrosive fluids other than propellants.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Development)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Development”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Development.</em> (General Technology Note) - “Development” is related to all stages prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Diffusion%20bonding)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Diffusion bonding”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Diffusion bonding.</em> (Cat 1, 2, and 9) - A solid state joining of at least two separate pieces of metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material, wherein the principal mechanism is interdiffusion of atoms across the interface.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20computer)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Digital computer”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Digital computer.</em> (Cat 4 and 5) - Equipment that can, in the form of one or more discrete variables, perform all of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20computer)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Digital computer” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Accept data;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20computer)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Digital computer” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Store data or instructions in fixed or alterable (writable) storage devices;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20computer)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Digital computer” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Process data by means of a stored sequence of instructions that is modifiable; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20computer)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Digital computer” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Provide output of data.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>Modifications of a stored sequence of instructions include replacement of fixed storage devices, but not a physical change in wiring or interconnections.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Digital%20transfer%20rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Digital transfer rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Digital transfer rate.</em> (Cat 5) - The total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium. (See also “total digital transfer rate”)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Direct%20product)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Direct product”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Direct product.</em> The immediate product (including processes and services) produced directly by the use of technology or software.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Directorate%20of%20Defense%20Trade%20Controls%20(DDTC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC).</em> The office at the Department of State, formerly known as the Office of Defense Trade Controls and before that as the Office of Munitions Control, responsible for reviewing applications to export and reexport items on the U.S. Munitions List. (See <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-120" class="cfr external">22 CFR parts 120</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-130" class="cfr external">130</a>.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Dual%20use)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Dual use”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Dual use.</em> Items that have both commercial and military or proliferation applications. While this term is used informally to describe items that are subject to the EAR, purely commercial items and certain munitions items listed on the Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List (WAML) or the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex are also subject to the EAR (see § 734.2(a) of the EAR).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Dynamic%20adaptive%20routing)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Dynamic adaptive routing”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Dynamic adaptive routing.</em> (Cat 5) - Automatic rerouting of traffic based on sensing and analysis of current actual network conditions.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>This does not include cases of routing decisions taken on predefined information.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Effective%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Effective control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Effective control.</em> You maintain effective control over an item when you either retain physical possession of the item, or secure the item in such an environment as a hotel safe, a bonded warehouse, or a locked or guarded exhibition facility. Retention of effective control over an item is a condition of certain temporary exports and reexports.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Electronic%20assembly)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Electronic assembly”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Electronic assembly.</em> (Cat 4) means a number of electronic components (i.e., ‘circuit elements’, ‘discrete components’, integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Technical%20Notes)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Technical Notes”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Technical Notes:</em> 1. ‘Circuit element’: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.</p> <p class="indent-1 no-hierarchy">2. ‘Discrete component’: a separately packaged ‘circuit element’ with its own external connections.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20component)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption component”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption component.</em> Any encryption commodity or software (except source code), including encryption chips, integrated circuits, application specific encryption toolkits, or executable or linkable modules that alone are incapable of performing complete cryptographic functions, and is designed or intended for use in or the production of another encryption item.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20items)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption items”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption items.</em> The phrase encryption items includes all encryption commodities, software, and technology that contain encryption features and are subject to the EAR. This does not include encryption items specifically designed, developed, configured, adapted or modified for military applications (including command, control and intelligence applications) which are controlled by the Department of State on the U.S. Munitions List.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20licensing%20arrangement)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption licensing arrangement”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption licensing arrangement.</em> A license that allows the export of specified products to specified destinations in unlimited quantities. In certain cases, exports are limited to specified end-users for specified end-uses. Generally, reporting of all sales of the specified products is required at six month intervals. This includes sales made under distribution arrangements and distribution and warehousing agreements that were previously issued by the Department of State for encryption items.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20object%20code)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption object code”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption object code.</em> Computer programs containing an encryption source code that has been compiled into a form of code that can be directly executed by a computer to perform an encryption function.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20software)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption software”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption software.</em> Computer programs that provide capability of encryption functions or confidentiality of information or information systems. Such software includes source code, object code, applications software, or system software.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Encryption%20source%20code)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Encryption source code”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Encryption source code.</em> A precise set of operating instructions to a computer that, when compiled, allows for the execution of an encryption function on a computer.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(End-effectors)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “End-effectors”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">End-effectors.</em> (Cat 2) Grippers, 'active tooling units' and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a “robot” manipulator arm.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Technical%20Note%20to%20definition%20of%20End-effectors%3A%20Active%20tooling%20unit%3A%20a%20device%20for%20applying%20motive%20power%20process%20energy%20or%20sensing%20to%20the%20workpiece)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Technical Note to definition of “End-effectors”: 'Active tooling unit': a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-heading">Technical Note to definition of “End-effectors”: 'Active tooling unit': a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece.</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(End%20item)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “End item”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">End item.</em> This is a system, equipment or assembled commodity ready for its intended use. Only ammunition, or fuel or other energy source is required to place it in an operating state. Examples of end items include ships, aircraft, computers, firearms, and milling machines.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(End-user)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “End-user”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">End-user.</em> The person abroad that receives and ultimately uses the exported or reexported items. The end-user is not a forwarding agent or intermediary, but may be the purchaser or ultimate consignee.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Energetic%20materials)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Energetic materials”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Energetic materials.</em> (Cat 1) Substances or mixtures that react chemically to release energy required for their intended application. “Explosives”, “pyrotechnics” and “propellants” are subclasses of energetic materials.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Equipment)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Equipment”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Equipment.</em> This is a combination of parts, components, accessories, attachments, firmware, or software that operate together to perform a function of, as, or for an end item or system. Equipment may be a subset of “end items” based on the characteristics of the equipment. Equipment that meets the definition of an end-item is an end-item. Equipment that does not meet the definition of an end-item is a part, component, accessory, attachment, firmware, or software.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Equivalent%20Density)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Equivalent Density”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Equivalent Density.</em> (Cat 6) - The mass of an optic per unit optical area projected onto the optical surface.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Equivalent%20standards)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Equivalent standards”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Equivalent standards.</em> (Cat 1) - Comparable national or international standards recognized by one or more Wassenaar Arrangement Participating States and applicable to the relevant entry.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Explosives)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Explosives”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Explosives.</em> (Cat 1) - see Annex “List of Explosives” located at the end of Category 1 of supplement no. 1 to part 774 “Commerce Control List”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export.</em> See § 734.13 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export%20Administration%20Act%20(EAA))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export Administration Act (EAA)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export Administration Act (EAA).</em> Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, effective October 1, 1979.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export%20Administration%20Regulations%20(EAR))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export Administration Regulations (EAR)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export Administration Regulations (EAR).</em> Regulations set forth in parts 730-774, inclusive, of <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15" class="cfr external">Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a>.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export%20Administration%20Review%20Board)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export Administration Review Board”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export Administration Review Board</em> - The body authorized by Executive Order 12002 as amended by Executive Orders 12755 and 13286. The Export Administration Review Board's role in license application review is in accordance with Executive Order 12981 as amended by Executive Orders 13020, 13026 and 13117.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export%20Control%20Classification%20Number%20(ECCN))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export Control Classification Number (ECCN).</em> The numbers used in supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the EAR and throughout the EAR. The Export Control Classification Number consists of a set of digits and a letter. Reference § 738.2(c) of the EAR for a complete description of each ECCN's composition.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Export%20control%20document)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Export control document”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Export control document.</em> A license; application for license; any and all documents submitted in accordance with the requirements of the EAR in support of, or in relation to, a license application; application for International Import Certificate; Delivery Verification Certificate or similar evidence of delivery; Electronic Export Information (EEI) on the Automated Export System (AES) presented in connection with shipments to any country; a Dock Receipt or bill of lading issued by any carrier in connection with any export subject to the EAR and any and all documents prepared and submitted by exporters and agents pursuant to the export clearance requirements of part 758 of the EAR; a U.S. exporter's report of request received for information, certification, or other action indicating a restrictive trade practice or boycott imposed by a foreign country against a country friendly to the United States, submitted to the U.S. Department of Commerce in accordance with the provisions of part 760 of the EAR; Customs Form 7512, Transportation Entry and Manifest of Goods, Subject to Customs Inspection and Permit, when used for Transportation and Exportation (T. & E.) or Immediate Exportation (I.E.); and any other document issued by a U.S. Government agency as evidence of the existence of a license for the purpose of loading onto an exporting carrier or otherwise facilitating or effecting an export from the United States or any reexport of any item requiring a license.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Exporter)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Exporter”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Exporter.</em> The person in the United States who has the authority of a principal party in interest to determine and control the sending of items out of the United States.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Exporting%20carrier)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Exporting carrier”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Exporting carrier.</em> Any instrumentality of water, land, or air transportation by which an export is effected, including any domestic air carrier on which any cargo for export is laden or carried.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(FADEC%20systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “FADEC systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">FADEC systems.</em> See “full authority digital engine control systems.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(FMU)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “FMU”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">FMU</em> - See “flexible manufacturing unit”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Facilities)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Facilities”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Facilities.</em> This means a building or outdoor area in which people use an item that is built, installed, produced, or developed for a particular purpose.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fibrous or filamentary materials.</em> (Cat 1, 2, 8 and 9) - The term “fibrous and filamentary materials” includes:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Continuous monofilaments;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Continuous yarns and rovings;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Tapes, fabrics, random mats and braids;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Chopped fibers, staple fibers and coherent fiber blankets;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(e)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (e)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>e<span class="paren">)</span></span> Whiskers, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fibrous%20or%20filamentary%20materials)(f)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” (f)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>f<span class="paren">)</span></span> Aromatic polyimide pulp.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Film%20type%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Film type integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Film type integrated circuit.</em> (Cat 3) - An array of “circuit elements” and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating “substrate”.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>“Circuit element”: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Financial Institution.</em> As applied to encryption items, means any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A broker, dealer, government securities broker or dealer, self-regulatory organization, investment company or investment adviser, which is regulated or supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission or a self-regulatory organization that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A broker, dealer, government securities broker or dealer, investment company, investment adviser, or entity that engages in securities activities that, if conducted in the United States, would be described by the definition of the term “self-regulatory organization” in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which is organized under the laws of a foreign country and regulated or supervised by a foreign securities authority; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> A U.S. board of trade that is designated as a contract market by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or a futures commission merchant that is regulated or supervised by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> A U.S. entity engaged primarily in the business of issuing a general purpose charge, debit, or stored value card, or a branch of, or affiliate controlled by, such an entity; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(e)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (e)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>e<span class="paren">)</span></span> A branch or affiliate of any of the entities listed in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this definition regulated or supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or a foreign securities authority; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(f)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (f)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>f<span class="paren">)</span></span> An affiliate of any of the entities listed in paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (e), of this definition engaged solely in the business of providing data processing services to one or more bank or financial institutions, or a branch of such an affiliate; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Financial%20Institution)(g)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Financial Institution” (g)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>g<span class="paren">)</span></span> A company organized and regulated under the laws of any of the United States and its branches and affiliates whose primary and predominant business activity is the writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks; or a company organized and regulated under the laws of a foreign country and its branches and affiliates whose primary and predominant business activity is the writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Firm)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Firm”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Firm.</em> A corporation, partnership, limited partnership, association, company, trust, or any other kind of organization or body corporate, situated, residing, or doing business in the United States or any foreign country, including any government or agency thereof.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Flexible manufacturing unit.</em> (FMU), (sometimes also referred to as ‘flexible manufacturing system’ (FMS) or ‘flexible manufacturing cell’ (FMC)) (Cat 2) - An entity that includes a combination of at least:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A “digital computer” including its own “main storage” and its own “related equipment”; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Two or more of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> A machine tool described in 2B001.c;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> A dimensional inspection machine described in Category 2, or another digitally controlled measuring machine controlled by an entry in Category 2;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> A “robot” controlled by an entry in Category 2 or 8;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(4)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(4)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> Digitally controlled equipment controlled by 1B003, 2B003, or 9B001;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(5)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(5)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> <span class="paragraph-heading">“Stored program controlled”<em></em></span> equipment controlled by 3B001;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(6)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(6)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>6<span class="paren">)</span></span> Digitally controlled equipment controlled by 1B001;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Flexible%20manufacturing%20unit)(b)(7)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Flexible manufacturing unit” (b)(7)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>7<span class="paren">)</span></span> Digitally controlled electronic equipment controlled by 3A002.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fly-by-light%20system)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fly-by-light system”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fly-by-light system.</em> (Cat 7) A primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the “aircraft” during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are optical signals.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fly-by-wire%20system)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fly-by-wire system”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fly-by-wire system.</em> (Cat 7) A primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the “aircraft” during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are electrical signals.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Focal%20plane%20array)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Focal plane array”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Focal plane array.</em> (Cat 6 and 8) - A linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, that work in the focal plane.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">N.B.</div> <p>This definition does not include a stack of single detector elements or any two, three, or four element detectors provided time delay and integration is not performed within the element.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Food)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Food”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Food.</em> Specific to exports and reexports to North Korea, Syria, Crimea region of Ukraine, and the so-called Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic regions of Ukraine, food means items that are consumed by and provide nutrition to humans and animals, and seeds, with the exception of castor bean seeds, that germinate into items that will be consumed by and provide nutrition to humans and animals. (Food does not include alcoholic beverages.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20government%20agency)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Foreign government agency”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Foreign government agency.</em> For the purposes of exemption from support documentation (see § 748.9 of the EAR), a foreign government agency is defined as follows:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20government%20agency)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Foreign government agency” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> National governmental departments operated by government-paid personnel performing governmental administrative functions; e.g. Finance Ministry, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Health, etc. (municipal or other local government entities must submit required support documentation); or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20government%20agency)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Foreign government agency” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> National government-owned public service entities; e.g., nationally owned railway, postal, telephone, telegraph, broadcasting, and power systems, etc. The term “foreign government agency” does not include government corporations, quasi-government agencies, and state enterprises engaged in commercial, industrial, and manufacturing activities, such as petroleum refineries, mines, steel mills, retail stores, automobile manufacturing plants, airlines, or steamship lines that operate between two or more countries, etc.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20person)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Foreign person”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Foreign person.</em> Any natural person who is not a lawful permanent resident of the United States, citizen of the United States, or any other protected individual as defined by <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/8/1324b" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3)</a>. It also means any corporation, business association, partnership, trust, society or any other entity or group that is not incorporated in the United States or organized to do business in the United States, as well as international organizations, foreign governments and any agency or subdivision of a foreign government (<em>e.g.,</em> diplomatic mission). “Foreign person” is synonymous with “foreign national,” as used in the EAR, and “foreign person” as used in the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (<a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/section-120.16" class="cfr external">22 CFR 120.16</a>). This definition does not apply to part 760 of the EAR (Restrictive Trade Practices or Boycotts).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20policy%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Foreign policy control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Foreign policy control.</em> A control imposed under the EAR for any and all of the following reasons: chemical and biological weapons, nuclear nonproliferation, missile technology, regional stability, crime control, anti-terrorism, United Nations sanctions, and any other reason for control implemented under section 6 of the EAA or other similar authority.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Foreign%20Terrorist%20Organizations%20(FTO))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO).</em> Any organization that is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be a foreign terrorist organization under notices or regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (see <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/chapter-V" class="cfr external">31 CFR chapter V</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Forwarding%20agent)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Forwarding agent”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Forwarding agent.</em> The person in the United States who is authorized by a principal party in interest to perform the services required to facilitate the export of the items from the United States. This may include air couriers or carriers. In routed export transactions, the forwarding agent and the exporter may be the same for compliance purposes under the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fractional%20bandwidth)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fractional bandwidth”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fractional bandwidth.</em> (Cat 3, 5P1, 5P2) - The “instantaneous bandwidth” divided by the center frequency, expressed as a percentage.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Frequency%20hopping)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Frequency hopping”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Frequency hopping.</em> (Cat 5P1, 5P2 and 6) - A form of “spread spectrum” in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by a random or pseudo-random sequence of discrete steps.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Frequency%20switching%20time)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Frequency switching time”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Frequency switching time.</em> (Cat 3) The time (<em>i.e.,</em> delay) taken by a signal when switched from an initial specified output frequency, to arrive at or within any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Frequency%20switching%20time)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Frequency switching time” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> ±100 Hz of a final specified output frequency of less than 1 GHz; <em>or</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Frequency%20switching%20time)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Frequency switching time” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> ±0.1 part per million of a final specified output frequency equal to or greater than 1 GHz.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fuel%20cell)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fuel cell”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fuel cell.</em> (Cat 8) An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into Direct Current (DC) electricity by consuming fuel from an external source.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Full%20Authority%20Digital%20Engine%20Control%20Systems)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Full Authority Digital Engine Control Systems”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Full Authority Digital Engine Control Systems.</em> (“FADEC Systems”) (Cat 9) A digital electronic control system for a gas turbine engine that is able to autonomously control the engine throughout its whole operating range from demanded engine start until demanded engine shut down, in both normal and fault conditions.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fundamental%20research)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fundamental research”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fundamental research.</em> See § 734.8 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Fusible)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Fusible”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Fusible.</em> (Cat 1) - Capable of being cross-linked or polymerized further (cured) by the use of heat, radiation, catalysts, etc., or that can be melted without pyrolysis (charring).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(General%20prohibitions)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “General prohibitions”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">General prohibitions.</em> The 10 prohibitions found in part 736 of the EAR that prohibit certain exports, reexports, and other conduct, subject to the EAR, absent a license, license exception, or determination that no license is required (“NLR”).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Government%20end%20user%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Government end user” (as applied to encryption items”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Government end user” (as applied to encryption items</em> ). A government end user is any foreign central, regional or local government department, agency, or other entity performing governmental functions; including governmental research institutions, governmental corporations or their separate business units (as defined in part 772 of the EAR) which are engaged in the manufacture or distribution of items or services controlled on the Wassenaar Munitions List, and international governmental organizations. This term does not include: Utilities (including telecommunications companies and Internet service providers); banks and financial institutions; transportation; broadcast or entertainment; educational organizations (except public schools and universities); civil health and medical organizations (including public civilian hospitals); retail or wholesale firms; and manufacturing or industrial entities not engaged in the manufacture or distribution of items or services controlled on the Wassenaar Munitions List.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hard%20selectors)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Hard selectors”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Hard selectors.</em> (Cat 5P1) Data or set of data, related to an individual (<em>e.g.,</em> family name, given name, email, street address, phone number or group affiliations).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hold%20Without%20Action%20(HWA))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Hold Without Action (HWA)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Hold Without Action (HWA).</em> License applications may be held without action only in the limited circumstances described in § 750.4(b) of the EAR. Encryption review requests may be placed on hold without action status as provided in § 740.17(d)(2) and § 742.15(b)(2) of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20computer)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid computer”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Hybrid computer.</em> (Cat 4) - Equipment that can:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20computer)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid computer” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Accept data;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20computer)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid computer” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Process data, in both analog and digital representation; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20computer)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid computer” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Provide output of data.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Hybrid integrated circuit.</em> (Cat 3) - Any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with “circuit elements” or “discrete components” connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following criteria:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20integrated%20circuit)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid integrated circuit” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Containing at least one unencapsulated device;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20integrated%20circuit)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid integrated circuit” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Connected together using typical IC-production methods;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20integrated%20circuit)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid integrated circuit” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Replaceable as an entity; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Hybrid%20integrated%20circuit)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Hybrid integrated circuit” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Not normally capable of being disassembled.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Notes:</div> <p>1. “Circuit element”: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.</p> <p>2. “Discrete component”: a separately packaged “circuit element” with its own external connections.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Image%20enhancement)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Image enhancement”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Image enhancement.</em> (Cat 4) - The processing of externally derived information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false coloration.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Information%20security)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Information security”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Information security.</em> (Cat 5P2, GSIN, GSN) - All the means and functions ensuring the accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communications, excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions. This includes “cryptography”, “cryptographic activation”, “cryptanalysis”, protection against compromising emanations and computer security.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Technical%20Note%20to%20definition%20of%20Information%20security%3A%20Cryptanalysis%3A%20the%20analysis%20of%20a%20cryptographic%20system%20or%20its%20inputs%20and%20outputs%20to%20derive%20confidential%20variables%20or%20sensitive%20data%20including%20clear%20text.%20(ISO%207498-2-1988%20(E)%20paragraph%203.3.18))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Technical Note to definition of “Information security”: 'Cryptanalysis': the analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text. (ISO 7498-2-1988 (E), paragraph 3.3.18)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-heading">Technical Note to definition of “Information security”: 'Cryptanalysis': the analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text. (ISO 7498-2-1988 (E), paragraph 3.3.18)</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Instantaneous%20bandwidth)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Instantaneous bandwidth”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Instantaneous bandwidth.</em> (Cat 3 and 5) - The bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intent%20to%20Deny%20(ITD)%20letter)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Intent to Deny (ITD) letter”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Intent to Deny (ITD) letter.</em> A letter informing the applicant:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Intent%20to%20Deny%20(ITD)%20letter)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Intent to Deny (ITD) letter” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Of the reason for BIS's decision to deny a license application; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intent%20to%20Deny%20(ITD)%20letter)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Intent to Deny (ITD) letter” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> That the application will be denied 45 days from the date of the ITD letter, unless the applicant provides, and BIS accepts, a reason why the application should not be denied for the stated reason. See § 750.6 of the EAR.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Interleaved%20Analog-to-Digital%20Converter%20(ADC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).</em> (Cat 3) Devices that have multiple ADC units that sample the same analog input at different times such that when the outputs are aggregated, the analog input has been effectively sampled and converted at a higher sampling rate.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intermediate%20consignee)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Intermediate consignee”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Intermediate consignee.</em> The person that acts as an agent for a principal party in interest for the purpose of effecting delivery of items to the ultimate consignee. The intermediate consignee may be a bank, forwarding agent, or other person who acts as an agent for a principal party in interest.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intrinsic%20Magnetic%20Gradiometer)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer.</em> (Cat 6) - A single magnetic field gradient sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient. (See also “Magnetic Gradiometer”)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intrusion%20software)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Intrusion software”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Intrusion software.</em> (5P2) “Software” specially designed or modified to avoid detection by 'monitoring tools', or to defeat 'protective countermeasures', of a computer or network-capable device, and performing any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Intrusion%20software)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Intrusion software” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> The extraction of data or information, from a computer or network-capable device, or the modification of system or user data; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Intrusion%20software)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Intrusion software” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> The modification of the standard execution path of a program or process in order to allow the execution of externally provided instructions.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1 to “Intrusion software” definition:</div> <p>“Intrusion software” does not include any of the following: Hypervisors, debuggers or Software Reverse Engineering (SRE) tools; Digital Rights Management (DRM) “software”; or “Software” designed to be installed by manufacturers, administrators or users, for the purposes of asset tracking or recovery.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2 to “Intrusion software” definition:</div> <p>Network-capable devices include mobile devices and smart meters.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical note 1 to “Intrusion software” definition:</div> <p>'Monitoring tools': “software” or hardware devices, that monitor system behaviors or processes running on a device. This includes antivirus (AV) products, end point security products, Personal Security Products (PSP), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) or firewalls.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical note 2 to “Intrusion software” definition:</div> <p>'Protective countermeasures': techniques designed to ensure the safe execution of code, such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) or sandboxing.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Isostatic%20presses)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Isostatic presses”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Isostatic presses.</em> (Cat 2) - Equipment capable of pressurizing a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Item)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Item”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Item.</em> “Item” means “commodities, software, and technology.” When the EAR intend to refer specifically to commodities, software, or technology, the text will use the specific reference.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Know)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Know”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Know.</em> See “knowledge.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Knowledge)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Knowledge”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Knowledge.</em> Knowledge of a circumstance (the term may be a variant, such as “know,” “reason to know,” or “reason to believe”) includes not only positive knowledge that the circumstance exists or is substantially certain to occur, but also an awareness of a high probability of its existence or future occurrence. Such awareness is inferred from evidence of the conscious disregard of facts known to a person and is also inferred from a person's willful avoidance of facts. This definition does not apply to part 760 of the EAR (Restrictive Trade Practices or Boycotts).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Laser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Laser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Laser.</em> (Cat 1, 2, 3, 5P1, 6, 7, 8 and 9) - An item that produces spatially and temporally coherent light through amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. See also: “Chemical laser;” “Super High Power Laser;” and “Transfer laser.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Law%20or%20regulation%20relating%20to%20export%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Law or regulation relating to export control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Law or regulation relating to export control.</em> Any statute, proclamation, executive order, regulation, rule, license, or order applicable to any conduct involving an export transaction shall be deemed to be a “law or regulation relating to export control.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Legible%20or%20legibility)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Legible or legibility”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Legible or legibility.</em> Legible and legibility mean the quality of a letter or numeral that enables the observer to identify it positively and quickly to the exclusion of all other letters or numerals.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items).</em> The following “government end users” (as defined in this Section of the EAR) are considered “less sensitive” for the purposes of License Exception ENC (§ 740.17 of the EAR):</p> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Local/state/provincial “government end users” (departments, agencies and entities), including local/state/provincial executive, legislative, judicial, police, fire, rescue and public safety agencies.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> National/federal/royal “government end users” (departments, agencies and entities) providing the following civil government functions and services:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(i)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> Census and statistics services;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(ii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Civil public works infrastructure services (construction, maintenance, repair, regulation and administration) as follows: Buildings, public transportation, roads and highways, trucking;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(iii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Civil service administration and regulation, including human resources and personnel/labor management;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(iv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(iv)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iv<span class="paren">)</span></span> Clean water infrastructure services (treatment, supply and testing);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(v)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(v)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>v<span class="paren">)</span></span> Economic (trade/commerce/investment), business and industrial development, promotion, regulation and administration, excluding the following end users/end uses:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(v)(A)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(v)(A)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>A<span class="paren">)</span></span> Agencies, departments, boards and councils for science and technology;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(v)(B)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(v)(B)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>B<span class="paren">)</span></span> Research, development and national laboratories (other than as specified in paragraphs (2)(xi) (measurements and standards services) and (2)(xii) (meteorology/weather/atmospheric services) of this definition (below);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(v)(C)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(v)(C)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>C<span class="paren">)</span></span> National telecommunications and information technology agencies, boards, councils and development authorities (including national information center, and Information Communications Technology (ICT)/telecommunications infrastructure/spectrum planning, policy, regulation and testing);</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(vi)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(vi)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>vi<span class="paren">)</span></span> Elections, balloting and polling services;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(vii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(vii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>vii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Energy regulation and administration, including oil, gas and mining sectors;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(viii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(viii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>viii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Environmental/natural resources regulation, administration and protection, including wildlife, fisheries and national parks;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(ix)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(ix)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ix<span class="paren">)</span></span> Food/agriculture regulation and administration;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(x)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(x)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>x<span class="paren">)</span></span> Labor/community/social services planning, regulation and administration, including: housing and urban development, municipality and rural affairs;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xi)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xi)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xi<span class="paren">)</span></span> Measurements and standards services;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Meteorology (weather, atmospheric) services;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xiii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xiii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xiii<span class="paren">)</span></span> National archives/museums;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xiv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xiv)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xiv<span class="paren">)</span></span> Patents;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xv)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xv<span class="paren">)</span></span> Pilgrimage and religious affairs;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xvi)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xvi)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xvi<span class="paren">)</span></span> Postal services;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xvii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xvii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xvii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Public and higher education (excluding government research institutions and any agency, institution or affiliate engaged in the manufacture or distribution of items or services controlled on the Wassenaar Munitions List);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xviii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xviii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xviii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Public health and medicine/pharmaceutical regulation and administration;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xix)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xix)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xix<span class="paren">)</span></span> Public libraries;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xx)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xx)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xx<span class="paren">)</span></span> Sports/culture (includes film, commercial broadcasting and the arts) promotion, regulation and administration;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Less%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)(xxi)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Less sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)(xxi)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>xxi<span class="paren">)</span></span> Travel/tourism promotion, regulation and administration.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Library)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Library”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Library.</em> (Cat 1) (parametric technical database) A collection of technical information, reference to which may enhance the performance of the relevant systems, equipment or components.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(License)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “License”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">License.</em> Authority issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security authorizing an export, reexport, or other regulated activity. The term “license” does not include authority represented by a “License Exception.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(License%20application%3B%20application%20for%20license)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “License application; application for license”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">License application; application for license.</em> License application and similar wording mean an application to BIS requesting the issuance of a license to the applicant.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(License%20Exception)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “License Exception”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">License Exception.</em> An authorization described in part 740 of the EAR that allows you to export or reexport, under stated conditions, items subject to the EAR that otherwise would require a license. Unless otherwise indicated, these License Exceptions are not applicable to exports under the licensing jurisdiction of agencies other than the Department of Commerce.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Licensee)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Licensee”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Licensee.</em> The person to whom a license has been issued by BIS. See § 750.7(c) of the EAR for a complete definition and identification of a licensee's responsibilities.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Lighter-than-air%20vehicles)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Lighter-than-air vehicles”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Lighter-than-air vehicles.</em> (Cat 2 and 9) Balloons and “airships” that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Local%20area%20network)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Local area network”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Local area network.</em> (Cat 4 and 5 Part 1) - A data communication system that:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Local%20area%20network)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Local area network” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Allows an arbitrary number of independent 'data devices' to communicate directly with each other; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Local%20area%20network)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Local area network” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is confined to a geographical area of moderate size (<em>e.g.,</em> office building, plant, campus, warehouse).</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Technical%20Note%20to%20definition%20of%20Local%20area%20network%3A%20Data%20device%20means%20equipment%20capable%20of%20transmitting%20or%20receiving%20sequences%20of%20digital%20information)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Technical Note to definition of “Local area network”: 'Data device' means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-heading">Technical Note to definition of “Local area network”: 'Data device' means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(MBTR)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “MBTR”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">MBTR</em> - See “maximum bit transfer rate”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(MTCR)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “MTCR”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">MTCR.</em> See Missile Technology Control Regime.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(MTEC)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “MTEC”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">MTEC.</em> See Missile Technology Export Control Group.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Magnetic%20Gradiometers)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Magnetic Gradiometers”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Magnetic Gradiometers.</em> (Cat 6) - Are designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of multiple “magnetometers” and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient. (See also “Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer”.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Magnetometers)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Magnetometers”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Magnetometers.</em> (Cat 6) - Are designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of the magnetic field.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Material)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Material”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Material.</em> This is any list-specified crude or processed matter that is not clearly identifiable as any of the types of items defined in <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/section-772.1" class="cfr external">§ 772.1</a> under the defined terms, “end item,” “component,” “accessories,” “attachments,” “part,” “software,” “system, “equipment,” or “facilities.” The exclusion from the definition of material for clearly identifiable items defined in <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/section-772.1" class="cfr external">§ 772.1</a>, such as for “parts” and “components,” does not apply to the following ECCNs: 1C233, 1C234, 1C235, 1C236, 1C237, 1C239, 1C350, 1C395, 1C991, 1C992, and 1C995.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Matrix)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Matrix”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Matrix.</em> (Cat 1, 2, 8, and 9) - A substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibers.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Maximum%20bit%20transfer%20rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Maximum bit transfer rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Maximum bit transfer rate.</em> (MBTR) (Cat 4) - Of solid state storage equipment: the number of data bits per second transferred between the equipment and its controller. Of a disk drive: the internal data transfer rate calculated as follows:</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(MBTR)"> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-1" data-title="772.1 “MBTR”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“MBTR”<em></em></span> (bits per second) = B × R × T, where: </p> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-1 no-hierarchy">B = Maximum number of data bits per track available to read or write in a single revolution; </p> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-1 no-hierarchy">R = Revolutions per second; </p> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-1 no-hierarchy">T = Number of tracks that can be used or written simultaneously. </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Measurement%20uncertainty)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Measurement uncertainty”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Measurement uncertainty.</em> (Cat 2) The characteristic parameter that specifies in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with a confidence level of 95%. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash, and the random deviations (Ref.: ISO 10360-2).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Media%20access%20unit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Media access unit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Media access unit.</em> (Cat 5) - Equipment that contains one or more communication interfaces (“network access controller”, “communications channel controller”, modem or computer bus) to connect terminal equipment to a network.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Medical%20devices)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Medical devices”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Medical devices.</em> For purposes of the EAR, medical devices are “devices” as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/21/321" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">21 U.S.C. 321</a>) including medical supplies, instruments, equipment, equipped ambulances, institutional washing machines for sterilization, and vehicles with medical testing equipment. Note that certain component parts and spares to be exported for incorporation into medical devices are on the Commerce Control List. Only items meeting the definition of “medical device” and that are classified as EAR99 are eligible for export to Iran and under the licensing procedures set forth in the appropriate regulations promulgated and administered by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Medicines)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Medicines”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Medicines.</em> Medicines means “drug” as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/21/321" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">21 U.S.C. 321</a>). For purposes of the EAR, medicines includes prescription and over the counter medicines for humans and animals. Note that certain medicines, such as vaccines and immunotoxins, are on the Commerce Control List. Only items meeting the definition of “medicine” and that are classified as EAR99 are eligible for export to Iran and under the licensing procedures set forth in the appropriate regulations promulgated and administered by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Metal%20embrittlement%20agents)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Metal embrittlement agents”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Metal embrittlement agents.</em> (Cat. 0) - Non-lethal weapon substances that alter the crystal structure of metals within a short time span. Metal embrittlement agents severely weaken metals by chemically changing their molecular structure. These agents are compounded in various substances to include adhesives, liquids, aerosols, foams, and lubricants.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Microcomputer%20microcircuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Microcomputer microcircuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Microcomputer microcircuit.</em> (Cat 3) means a “monolithic integrated circuit” or “multichip integrated circuit” containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Note 1:</div> <p>The “microprocessor microcircuit” normally does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Note 2:</div> <p>The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>This definition includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a “microprocessor microcircuit.”</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Microorganisms)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Microorganisms”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Microorganisms.</em> (Cat 1 and 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of isolated live cultures or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Microprocessor%20microcircuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Microprocessor microcircuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Microprocessor microcircuit.</em> (Cat 3) - A “monolithic integrated circuit” or “multichip integrated circuit” containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">N.B.</div> <p>1: The “microprocessor microcircuit” normally does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function.</p> <p>N.B. 2: This definition includes chip sets that are designed to operate together to provide the function of a “microprocessor microcircuit”.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Microprogram)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Microprogram”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Microprogram.</em> (Cat 4 and 5) - A sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Military%20commodity)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Military commodity”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Military commodity.</em> As used in § 734.4(a)(5), supplement no. 1 to part 738 (footnote No. 3), §§ 740.2(a)(11), 740.16(a)(2), 740.16(b)(2), 742.6(a)(3), 744.9(a)(2), 744.9(b), ECCN 0A919 and (<em>Related Controls</em>) in “600 series” ECCNs, “military commodity” or “military commodities” means an article, material, or supply that is described on the U.S. Munitions List (<a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-121" class="cfr external">22 CFR Part 121</a>) or on the Munitions List that is published by the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies, but does not include software, technology and any item listed in any ECCN for which the last three numerals are 018 or any item in the “600 series.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Missile%20Technology%20Control%20Regime%20(MTCR))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).</em> The United States and other nations in this multilateral control regime have agreed to guidelines for restricting the export and reexport of dual-use items that may contribute to the development of missiles. The MTCR Annex lists missile-related equipment and technology controlled either by the Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security - Export Administration Regulations (<a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/part-730" class="cfr external">15 CFR Parts 730</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/part-799" class="cfr external">799</a>) or by the Department of State's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls - International Traffic in Arms Regulations (<a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-120" class="cfr external">22 CFR Parts 120</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-130" class="cfr external">130</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Missile%20Technology%20Export%20Control%20Group%20(MTEC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Missile Technology Export Control Group (MTEC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Missile Technology Export Control Group (MTEC).</em> Chaired by the Department of State, the MTEC primarily reviews applications involving items controlled for Missile Technology (MT) reasons. The MTEC also reviews applications involving items not controlled for MT reasons, but destined for a country and/or end-use/end-user of concern.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Missiles)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Missiles”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Missiles”.</em></span> (All) Rocket systems (including ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets) and unmanned aerial vehicle systems (including cruise missiles, target drones, and reconnaissance drones) “capable of” delivering at least 500 kilograms payload to a range of at least 300 kilometers. See <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/section-746.3" class="cfr external">§ 746.3</a> for definition of a “ballistic missile” to be exported or reexported to Iraq or transferred within Iraq.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(MMIC)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “MMIC”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>MMIC</em>”.</span> (Cat 3 and 5) See “Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Monolithic%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Monolithic integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Monolithic integrated circuit.</em> (Cat 3) - A combination of passive or active “circuit elements” or both that:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Monolithic%20integrated%20circuit)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Monolithic integrated circuit” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Are formed by means of diffusion processes, implantation processes or deposition processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of material, a so-called ‘chip’;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Monolithic%20integrated%20circuit)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Monolithic integrated circuit” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Can be considered as indivisibly associated; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Monolithic%20integrated%20circuit)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Monolithic integrated circuit” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Perform the function(s) of a circuit.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>“Circuit element”: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Monolithic%20Microwave%20Integrated%20Circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit</em>”</span> (“<em>MMIC</em>”) (Cat 3, 5P1 and 9) is a “monolithic integrated circuit” that operates at microwave or millimeter wave frequencies.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Monospectral%20imaging%20sensors)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Monospectral imaging sensors”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Monospectral imaging sensors.</em> (Cat 6) are capable of acquisition of imaging data from one discrete spectral band.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items).</em> The following national/federal/royal (departments, agencies and entities) “government end users” (as defined in this section of the EAR) providing the following government functions and services, are considered “more sensitive:”</p> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Agencies, departments, boards and councils for science and technology (including research, development and state/national laboratories, but not including measurements and standards);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Currency and monetary authorities (including departments and offices of the national/federal/royal reserve);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(3)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Executive agents of state (including offices of president/vice president/prime minister, royal courts, national security councils, cabinet/council of ministers/supreme councils/executive councils, crown princes and other deputies of the rulers, departments and offices of political/constitutional/mainland affairs);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(4)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (4)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> Legislative bodies responsible for the enactment of laws;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(5)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (5)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> Import/export control, customs and immigration agencies and entities;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(6)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (6)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>6<span class="paren">)</span></span> Intelligence agencies and entities;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(7)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (7)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>7<span class="paren">)</span></span> Judiciary (including supreme courts and other national/federal/regional/royal high courts and tribunals);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(8)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (8)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>8<span class="paren">)</span></span> Maritime, port, railway and airport authorities;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(9)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (9)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>9<span class="paren">)</span></span> Military and armed services (including national guard, coast guard, security bureaus and paramilitary);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(10)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (10)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>10<span class="paren">)</span></span> Ministries, departments and garrisons of defense (including defense technology agencies);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(11)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (11)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>11<span class="paren">)</span></span> Ministries and departments of finance and taxation (including national/federal/royal budget and revenue authorities);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(12)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (12)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>12<span class="paren">)</span></span> Ministries and departments of foreign affairs/foreign relations/consulates/embassies;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(13)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (13)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>13<span class="paren">)</span></span> Ministries of interior, internal/home/mainland affairs, and homeland security;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(14)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (14)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>14<span class="paren">)</span></span> State/national telecommunications and information technology agencies, boards, councils and development authorities (including national information/critical infrastructure data centers, and Information and Communications Technology (ICT)/telecommunications infrastructure/spectrum planning, policy, regulation and testing);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(15)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (15)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>15<span class="paren">)</span></span> Police, investigation and other law enforcement agencies and entities (including digital crime/cybercrime/computer forensics, counter narcotics/counter terrorism/counter proliferation agencies);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(16)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (16)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>16<span class="paren">)</span></span> Prisons;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(More%20sensitive%20government%20end%20users%20(as%20applied%20to%20encryption%20items))(17)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “More sensitive government end users (as applied to encryption items)” (17)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>17<span class="paren">)</span></span> Public safety agencies and entities (including national/federal/royal agencies and departments of civil defense, emergency management, and first responders).</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Motion%20control%20board)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Motion control board”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Motion control board.</em> (Cat 2) - An electronic “assembly” specially designed to provide a computer system with the capability to coordinate simultaneously the motion of axes of machine tools for “contouring control”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multichip%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Multichip integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Multichip integrated circuit.</em> (Cat 3) - Two or more “monolithic integrated circuits” bonded to a common “substrate”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multi-data-stream%20processing)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Multi-data-stream processing”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Multi-data-stream processing.</em> (Cat 4) - The “microprogram” or equipment architecture technique that permits simultaneous processing of two or more data sequences under the control of one or more instruction sequences by means such as:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Multi-data-stream%20processing)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Multi-data-stream processing” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures such as vector or array processors;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multi-data-stream%20processing)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Multi-data-stream processing” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Multiple Single Instruction Multiple Data (MSIMD) architectures;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multi-data-stream%20processing)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Multi-data-stream processing” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) architectures, including those that are tightly coupled, closely coupled or loosely coupled; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multi-data-stream%20processing)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Multi-data-stream processing” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Structured arrays of processing elements, including systolic arrays.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multiple%20channel%20Analog-to-Digital%20Converter%20(ADC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Multiple channel Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Multiple channel Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).</em> (Cat 3) Devices that integrate more than one ADC, designed so that each ADC has a separate analog input.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Multispectral%20Imaging%20Sensors)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Multispectral Imaging Sensors”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Multispectral Imaging Sensors.</em> (Cat 6) - Are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(N.E.S)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “N.E.S”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">N.E.S.</em> N.E.S or n.e.s. is an abbreviation meaning “not elsewhere specified”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(NATO%20(North%20Atlantic%20Treaty%20Organization))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).</em> A strategic defensive organization that consists of the following member nations: Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(NLR)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “NLR”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">NLR.</em> NLR (“no license required”) is a symbol entered on the Electronic Export Information filing on the Automated Export System certifying that no license is required.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(NSG)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “NSG”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">NSG.</em> See Nuclear Suppliers Group.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Natural%20uranium)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Natural uranium”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Natural uranium.</em> (Cat 0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Net%20value)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Net value”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Net value.</em> The actual selling price, less shipping charges or current market price, whichever is the larger, to the same type of purchaser in the United States.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Network%20Access%20Controller)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Network Access Controller”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Network Access Controller.</em> (Cat 4) - A physical interface to a distributed switching network. It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the same “digital transfer rate” using arbitration (e.g., token or carrier sense) for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or data groups (e.g., IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Non-standard%20cryptography)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Non-standard cryptography”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Non-standard cryptography.</em> Means any implementation of “cryptography” involving the incorporation or use of proprietary or unpublished cryptographic functionality, including encryption algorithms or protocols that have not been adopted or approved by a duly recognized international standards body (e.g., IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU, ETSI, 3GPP, TIA, and GSMA) and have not otherwise been published.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Nuclear%20reactor)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Nuclear reactor”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Nuclear reactor.</em> (Cat 0 and 2) includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Nuclear%20Suppliers%20Group%20(NSG))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).</em> The United States and other nations in this multilateral control regime have agreed to guidelines for restricting the export or reexport of items with nuclear applications. Members include: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, People's Republic of China, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. See also § 742.3 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Numerical%20control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Numerical control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Numerical control.</em> (Cat 2) - The automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (Ref. ISO 2382).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Object%20code)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Object code”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Object code”.</em> (or object language) (GSN) - An equipment executable form of a convenient expression of one or more processes (“source code” (or source language)) that has been compiled by a programming system. (See also “source code”)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Office%20of%20Foreign%20Assets%20Control%20(FAC)%20or%20(OFAC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Office of Foreign Assets Control (FAC) or (OFAC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Office of Foreign Assets Control (FAC) or (OFAC).</em> The office at the Department of the Treasury responsible for blocking assets of foreign countries subject to economic sanctions, controlling participation by U.S. persons, including foreign subsidiaries, in transactions with specific countries or nationals of such countries, and administering embargoes on certain countries or areas of countries. (See <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/part-500" class="cfr external">31 CFR parts 500</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/part-590" class="cfr external">590</a>.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Open%20cryptographic%20interface)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Open cryptographic interface”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Open cryptographic interface.</em> A mechanism which is designed to allow a customer or other party to insert cryptographic functionality without the intervention, help or assistance of the manufacturer or its agents, e.g., manufacturer's signing of cryptographic code or proprietary interfaces. If the cryptographic interface implements a fixed set of cryptographic algorithms, key lengths or key exchange management systems, that cannot be changed, it will not be considered an “open” cryptographic interface. All general application programming interfaces (e.g., those that accept either a cryptographic or non-cryptographic interface but do not themselves maintain any cryptographic functionality) will not be considered “open” cryptographic interfaces.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operate%20autonomously)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Operate autonomously”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Operate autonomously.</em> (Cat 8) - Fully submerged, without snorkel, all systems working and cruising at minimum speed at which the submersible can safely control its depth dynamically by using its depth planes only, with no need for a support vessel or support base on the surface, sea-bed or shore, and containing a propulsion system for submerged or surface use.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operating%20Committee%20(OC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Operating Committee (OC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Operating Committee (OC).</em> The OC voting members include representatives of appropriate agencies in the Departments of Commerce, State, Defense, Justice (for encryption exports), and Energy and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The appropriate representatives of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of the Nonproliferation Center of the Central Intelligence Agency are non-voting members. The Department of Commerce representative, appointed by the Secretary, is the Chair of the OC and serves as the Executive Secretary of the Advisory Committee on Export Policy. The OC may invite representatives of other Government agencies or departments (other than those identified in this definition) to participate in the activities of the OC when matters of interest to such agencies or departments are under consideration.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Operations, Administration or Maintenance</em> (“OAM”). (Cat 5P2) Means performing one or more of the following tasks:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Establishing or managing any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(a)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (a)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Accounts or privileges of users or administrators;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(a)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (a)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Settings of an item; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(a)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (a)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Authentication data in support of the tasks described in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this definition;</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Monitoring or managing the operating condition or performance of an item; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Operations, Administration or Maintenance” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Managing logs or audit data in support of any of the tasks described in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this definition.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Note%20to%20definition%20of%20Operations%20Administration%20or%20Maintenance%3A%20OAM%20does%20not%20include%20any%20of%20the%20following%20tasks%20or%20their%20associated%20key%20management%20functions)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Note to definition of “Operations, Administration or Maintenance”: “OAM” does not include any of the following tasks or their associated key management functions”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-heading">Note to definition of “Operations, Administration or Maintenance”: “OAM” does not include any of the following tasks or their associated key management functions:</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(a.%20Provisioning%20or%20upgrading%20any%20cryptographic%20functionality%20that%20is%20not%20directly%20related%20to%20establishing%20or%20managing%20authentication%20data%20in%20support%20of%20the%20tasks%20described%20in%20paragraphs%20(a)(1)%20or%20(2)%20of%20this%20definition%3B%20or)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “a. Provisioning or upgrading any cryptographic functionality that is not directly related to establishing or managing authentication data in support of the tasks described in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this definition; or”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">a. Provisioning or upgrading any cryptographic functionality that is not directly related to establishing or managing authentication data in support of the tasks described in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this definition; or</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(b.%20Performing%20any%20cryptographic%20functionality%20on%20the%20forwarding%20or%20data%20plane%20of%20an%20item)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “b. Performing any cryptographic functionality on the forwarding or data plane of an item”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">b. Performing any cryptographic functionality on the forwarding or data plane of an item.</em> </p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Optical%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Optical integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Optical integrated circuit.</em> (Cat 3) - A “monolithic integrated circuit” or a “hybrid integrated circuit”, containing one or more parts designed to function as photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Optical%20switching)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Optical switching”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Optical switching.</em> (Cat 5) - The routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Order%20Party)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Order Party”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Order Party.</em> The person in the United States who conducted the direct negotiations or correspondence with the foreign purchaser or ultimate consignee and who, as a result of these negotiations, received the order from the foreign purchaser or ultimate consignee.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Organization%20for%20the%20Prohibition%20of%20Chemical%20Weapons%20(OPCW))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).</em> Means the international organization, located in The Hague, Netherlands, that administers the Chemical Weapons Convention.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Other%20party%20authorized%20to%20receive%20license)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Other party authorized to receive license”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Other party authorized to receive license.</em> The person authorized by the applicant to receive the license. If a person and address is listed in Block 15 of the application, the Bureau of Industry and Security will send the license to that person instead of the applicant. Designation of another party to receive the license does not alter the responsibilities of the applicant, licensee or exporter.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Overall%20current%20density)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Overall current density”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Overall current density.</em> (Cat 3) - The total number of ampere-turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Part)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Part”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Part.</em> This is any single unassembled element of a “component,” “accessory,” or “attachment” which is not normally subject to disassembly without the destruction or the impairment of design use. Examples include threaded fasteners (e.g., screws, bolts, nuts, nut plates, studs, inserts), other fasteners (e.g., clips, rivets, pins), common hardware (e.g., washers, spacers, insulators, grommets, bushings), springs and wire.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Part%20program)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Part program”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Part program.</em> (Cat. 2) - An ordered set of instructions that is in a language and in a format required to cause operations to be effected under automatic control and that is either written in the form of a machine program on an input medium or prepared as input data for processing in a computer to obtain a machine program (Ref. ISO 2806-1980).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Payload.%20(MTCR%20context))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Payload. (MTCR context)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Payload. (MTCR context)</em> - The total mass that can be carried or delivered by the specified rocket system or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system that is not used to maintain flight.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>The particular equipment, subsystems, or components to be included in the “payload” depends on the type and configuration of the vehicle under construction.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Notes:</div> <p>a. Ballistic Missiles</p> <p>1. “Payload” for systems with separating re-entry vehicles (RVs) includes:</p> <p>i. The RVs, including:</p> <p>A. Dedicated guidance, navigation, and control equipment;</p> <p>B. Dedicated countermeasures equipment;</p> <p>ii. Munitions of any type (e.g., explosive or non-explosive);</p> <p>iii. Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions (e.g., hardware used to attach to, or separate the RV from, the bus/post-boost vehicle) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>iv. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing, or firing;</p> <p>v. Any other countermeasures equipment (e.g., decoys, jammers, or chaff dispensers) that separate from the RV bus/post-boost vehicle;</p> <p>vi. The bus/post-boost vehicle or attitude control/velocity trim module not including systems/subsystems essential to the operation of other stages.</p> <p>2. “Payload” for systems with non-separating re-entry vehicles includes:</p> <p>i. Munitions of any type (e.g., explosive or non-explosive);</p> <p>ii. Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>iii. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;</p> <p>iv. Any countermeasures equipment (e.g., decoys, jammers, or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.</p> <p>b. Space Launch Vehicles - “Payload” includes:</p> <p>1. Spacecraft (single or multiple), including satellites;</p> <p>2. Spacecraft-to-launch vehicle adapters including, if applicable, apogee/perigee kick motors or similar maneuvering systems and separation systems;</p> <p>c. Sounding Rockets - “Payload” includes:</p> <p>1. Equipment required for a mission, such as data gathering, recording or transmitting devices for mission-specific data;</p> <p>2. Recovery equipment (e.g., parachutes) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.</p> <p>d. Cruise Missiles - “Payload” includes:</p> <p>1. Munitions of any type (e.g., explosive or non-explosive);</p> <p>2. Supporting structures and mechanisms for the munitions that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>3. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;</p> <p>4. Countermeasures equipment (e.g., decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>5. Signature alteration equipment that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>e. Other UAVs - “Payload” includes:</p> <p>1. Munitions of any type (e.g., explosive or non-explosive);</p> <p>2. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;</p> <p>3. Countermeasures equipment (e.g., decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>4. Signature alteration equipment that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>5. Equipment required for a mission such as data gathering, recording or transmitting devices for mission-specific data and supporting structures that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>6. Recovery equipment (e.g., parachutes) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;</p> <p>7. Munitions supporting structures and deployment mechanisms that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Peak%20power)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Peak power”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Peak power.</em> (Cat 6) - The highest power attained in the “pulse duration.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Person)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Person”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Person.</em> A natural person, including a citizen or national of the United States or of any foreign country; any firm; any government, government agency, government department, or government commission; any labor union; any fraternal or social organization; and any other association or organization whether or not organized for profit. This definition does not apply to part 760 of the EAR (Restrictive Trade Practices or Boycotts).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Personal%20area%20network%20(Cat%205%20Part%202))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Personal area network (Cat 5 Part 2)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Personal area network (Cat 5 Part 2)</em> - A data communication system having all of the following characteristics:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Personal%20area%20network%20(Cat%205%20Part%202))(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Personal area network (Cat 5 Part 2)” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Allows an arbitrary number of independent or interconnected 'data devices' to communicate directly with each other; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Personal%20area%20network%20(Cat%205%20Part%202))(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Personal area network (Cat 5 Part 2)” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is confined to the communication between devices within the immediate physical vicinity of an individual person or device controller (<em>e.g.,</em> single room, office, or automobile).</p> <div class="extract"> <h1>Technical Notes: </h1> <p>1. 'Data device' means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.</p> <p>2. The “local area network” extends beyond the geographical area of the “personal area network”.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Port%20of%20export)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Port of export”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Port of export.</em> The port where the cargo to be shipped abroad is laden aboard the exporting carrier. It includes, in the case of an export by mail, the place of mailing.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Principal%20element)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Principal element”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Principal element.</em> (Cat 4) - An element is a “principal element” when its replacement value is more than 35% of the total value of the system of which it is an element. Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator. Total value is the normal international selling price to unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Principal%20parties%20in%20interest)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Principal parties in interest”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Principal parties in interest.</em> Those persons in a transaction that receive the primary benefit, monetary or otherwise, of the transaction. Generally, the principals in a transaction are the seller and the buyer. In most cases, the forwarding or other agent is not a principal party in interest.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Production)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Production”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Production.</em> (General Technology Note) (All Categories) - Means all production stages, such as: product engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Production%20equipment)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Production equipment”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Production equipment.</em> (MTCR context) - Tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for “development” or for one or more phases of “production”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Production%20Facilities)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Production Facilities”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Production Facilities.</em> (MTCR Context only). (Cat 7 and 9) - Means “production equipment” and specially designed “software” therefor integrated into installations for “development” or for one or more phases of “production”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Program)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Program”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Program.</em> (Cat 2, 4, 5, and 6) - A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Proof%20test)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Proof test”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Proof test.</em> (Cat 5) - On-line or off-line production screen testing that dynamically applies a prescribed tensile stress over a 0.5 to 3 m length of fiber at a running rate of 2 to 5 m/s while passing between capstans approximately 150 mm in diameter. The ambient temperature is a nominal 293 K (20 °C) and relative humidity 40%.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>Equivalent national standards for executing the “proof test” may be used.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Proscribed%20person)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Proscribed person”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Proscribed person.</em> A person who is prohibited from receiving the items at issue or participating in a transaction that is subject to the EAR without authorization under the EAR, such as persons on the Entity List or denied persons.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Publicly%20available%20encryption%20software.%20See)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Publicly available encryption software. See”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Publicly available encryption software. See</em> § 742.15(b) of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Published)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Published”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Published.</em> See § 734.7 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Pulse%20compression)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Pulse compression”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Pulse compression.</em> (Cat 6) - The coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Pulse%20duration)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Pulse duration”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Pulse duration.</em> (Cat 6) - Duration of a “laser” pulse is the time between the half-power points on the leading edge and trailing edge of an individual pulse.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Pulsed%20Laser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Pulsed Laser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Pulsed Laser.</em> (Cat 6) - A pulsed “laser” is defined as having a “pulse duration” that is less than or equal to 0.25 seconds.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Purchaser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Purchaser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Purchaser.</em> The person abroad who has entered into a transaction to purchase an item for delivery to the ultimate consignee. In most cases, the purchaser is not a bank, forwarding agent, or intermediary. The purchaser and ultimate consignee may be the same entity.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Pyrotechnic(s))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Pyrotechnic(s)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Pyrotechnic(s).</em> (Cat 1) Mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidizers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation. Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Quantum%20cryptography)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Quantum cryptography”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Quantum cryptography.</em> (Cat 5P2) A family of techniques for the establishment of a shared key for “cryptography” by measuring the quantum-mechanical properties of a physical system (including those physical properties explicitly governed by quantum optics, quantum field theory, or quantum electrodynamics).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(RWA)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “RWA”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">RWA.</em> See Return Without Action.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Radar%20frequency%20agility)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Radar frequency agility”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Radar frequency agility.</em> (Cat 6) - Any technique that changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Radar%20spread%20spectrum)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Radar spread spectrum”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Radar spread spectrum.</em> (Cat 6) - Any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Radiant%20sensitivity)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Radiant sensitivity”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Radiant sensitivity</em> (Cat 6) - Radiant sensitivity (mA/W) = 0.807 × (wavelength in nm) × 'Quantum Efficiency (QE)'.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Note:</div> <p><em>'QE' is usually expressed as a percentage; however, for the purposes of this formula 'QE' is expressed as a decimal number less than one, e.g., 78% is 0.78.</em></p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Range)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Range”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Range.</em> (Cat 8) - Half the maximum distance a submersible vehicle can cover.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Range.%20(MTCR%20context))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Range. (MTCR context)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Range. (MTCR context)</em> - The maximum distance that the specified rocket system or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system is capable of traveling in the mode of stable flight as measured by the projection of its trajectory over the surface of the Earth.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Technical Notes:</div> <p>a. The maximum capability based on the design characteristics of the system, when fully loaded with fuel or propellant, will be taken into consideration in determining “range”.</p> <p>b. The “range” for both rocket systems and UAV systems will be determined independently of any external factors such as operational restrictions, limitations imposed by telemetry, data links or other external constraints.</p> <p>c. For rocket systems, the “range” will be determined using the trajectory that maximizes “range”, assuming ICAO standard atmosphere with zero wind.</p> <p>d. For UAV systems, the “range” will be determined for a one-way distance using the most fuel-efficient flight profile (e.g. cruise speed and altitude), assuming ICAO standard atmosphere with zero wind.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Readable%20or%20readability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Readable or readability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Readable or readability.</em> Readable and readability mean the quality of a group of letters or numerals being recognized as complete words or numbers.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Real-time%20Processing)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Real-time Processing”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><em>“Real-time Processing</em>”.</span> (Cat 2, 4, and 6) The processing of data by a computer system providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources, within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when stimulated by an external event.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Reasons%20for%20Control)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Reasons for Control”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Reasons for Control.</em> Reasons for Control are: Anti-Terrorism (AT), Chemical & Biological Weapons (CB), Chemical Weapons Convention (CW), Crime Control (CC), Encryption Items (EI), Firearms Convention (FC), Missile Technology (MT), National Security (NS), Nuclear Nonproliferation (NP), Regional Stability (RS), Short Supply (SS), Significant Items (SI), Surreptitious Listening (SL) and United Nations sanctions (UN). Items controlled within a particular ECCN may be controlled for more than one reason.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Recoverable%20commodities%20and%20software)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Recoverable commodities and software”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Recoverable commodities and software.</em> As applied to encryption items, means any of the following:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Recoverable%20commodities%20and%20software)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Recoverable commodities and software” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A stored data product containing a recovery feature that, when activated, allows recovery of the plaintext of encrypted data without the assistance of the end-user; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Recoverable%20commodities%20and%20software)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Recoverable commodities and software” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A product or system designed such that a network administrator or other authorized persons who are removed from the end-user can provide law enforcement access to plaintext without the knowledge or assistance of the end-user. This includes, for example, products or systems where plaintext exists and is accessible at intermediate points in a network or infrastructure system, enterprise-controlled recovery systems, and products which permit recovery of plaintext at the server where a system administrator controls or can provide recovery of plaintext across an enterprise.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to this definition:</div> <p>“Plaintext” indicates that data that is initially received by or presented to the recoverable product before encryption takes place.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Reexport)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Reexport”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Reexport.</em> See § 734.14 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Release)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Release”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Release.</em> See § 734.15 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Repeatability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Repeatability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Repeatability.</em> (Cat 7) - The closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of the same variable under the same operating conditions when changes in conditions or non-operating periods occur between measurements. (Reference: IEEE STD 528-2001 (one sigma standard deviation))</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Repeatability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Repeatability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Repeatability.</em> (MTCR Context only) (Cat 7) - According to IEEE Standard for Inertial Sensor Terminology 528-2001 in the Definitions section paragraph 2.214 titled repeatability (gyro, accelerometer) as follows: “The closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of the same variable under the same operating conditions when changes in conditions or non-operating periods occur between measurements.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Replacement%20license)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Replacement license”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Replacement license.</em> An authorization by the Bureau of Industry and Security revising the information, conditions, or riders stated on a license issued by BIS. See § 750.7 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Required)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Required”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Required.</em> (General Technology Note) - As applied to “technology” or “software,” refers to only that portion of “technology” or “software” which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such “required” “technology” or “software” may be shared by different products. For example, assume product “X” is controlled on the CCL if it operates at or above 400 MHz and is not controlled if it operates below 400 MHz. If production technologies “A,” “B,” and “C” allow production at no more than 399 MHz, then technologies “A,” “B,” and “C” are not “required” to produce the controlled product “X”. If technologies “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” and “E” are used together, a manufacturer can produce product “X” that operates at or above 400 MHz. In this example, technologies “D” and “E” are peculiarly responsible for making the controlled product and are thus “required” technology under the General Technology Note. (See the General Technology Note.)</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1 to the definition of Required:</div> <p>The ITAR and the EAR often divide within each set of regulations or between each set of regulations:</p> <p>(a) Controls on parts, components, accessories, attachments, and software; and</p> <p>(b) Controls on the end items, systems, equipment, or other items into which those parts, components, accessories, attachments, and software are to be installed or incorporated.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2 to the definition of Required:</div> <p>The references to “characteristics” and “functions” are not limited to entries on the CCL that use specific technical parameters to describe the scope of what is controlled. The “characteristics” and “functions” of an item listed are, absent a specific regulatory definition, a standard dictionary's definition of the item. For example, ECCN 9A610.a controls military aircraft specially designed for a military use that are not enumerated in USML paragraph VIII(a). No performance level is identified in the entry, but the control characteristic of the aircraft is that it is specially designed “for military use.” Thus, any technology, regardless of significance, peculiar to making an aircraft “for military use” as opposed to, for example, an aircraft controlled under ECCN 9A991.a, would be technical data “required” for an aircraft specially designed for military use thus controlled under ECCN 9E610.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 3 to the definition of Required:</div> <p>Unclassified technology not specifically enumerated on the USML is “subject to the EAR” if it is “<em>required”</em> for the “development,” “production,” “use,” operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul, or refurbishing (or other terms specified in ECCNs on the CCL that control “technology”) of a commodity or software that is subject to the EAR. Thus, for example, if unclassified technology not specifically enumerated on the USML is “required” for the development or production of a 9A610.x aircraft component that is to be integrated or installed in a USML VIII(a) aircraft, then the “technology” is controlled under ECCN 9E610, not USML VIII(i). Conversely, technical data directly related to, for example, the development or production of a component subject to the ITAR does not become subject to the EAR merely because it is developed or produced with equipment subject to the EAR.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Return Without Action (RWA).</em> An application may be RWA'd for one of the following reasons:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> The applicant has requested the application be returned;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A License Exception applies;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> The items are not under Department of Commerce jurisdiction;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Required documentation has not been submitted with the application; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Return%20Without%20Action%20(RWA))(e)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Return Without Action (RWA)” (e)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>e<span class="paren">)</span></span> The applicant cannot be reached after several attempts to request additional information necessary for processing of the application.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Robot)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Robot”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Robot.</em> (Cat 2 and 8) - A manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use “sensors”, and has all the following characteristics:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Robot)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Robot” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is multifunctional;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Robot)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Robot” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in a three dimensional space;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Robot)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Robot” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> Incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices that may include stepping motors; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Robot)(d)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Robot” (d)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> Has “user-accessible programmability” by means of teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer that may be a programmable logic controller, i.e., without mechanical intervention.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>This definition does not include the following devices:</p> <p>(a) Manipulation mechanisms that are only manually/teleoperator controllable;</p> <p>(b) Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms that are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The program is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means;</p> <p>(c) Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms that are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The program is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed program pattern. Variations or modifications of the program pattern (e.g., changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;</p> <p>(d) Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms that are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The program is variable, but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;</p> <p>(e) Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Routed%20export%20transaction)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Routed export transaction”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Routed export transaction.</em> A transaction where the foreign principal party in interest authorizes a U.S. forwarding or other agent to facilitate export of items from the United States.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Run-out)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Run-out”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Run-out.</em> (out-of-true running) (Cat 2) - Radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Ref.: ISO 230 Part 1-1986, paragraph 5.61).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(SHPL)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “SHPL”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">SHPL.</em> (Cat 6) is equivalent to “Super High Power Laser”, see definition for “super high power laser.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(SNEC)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “SNEC”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">SNEC.</em> See Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Sample%20rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Sample rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Sample rate.</em> (Cat 3) For an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) the maximum number of samples that are measured at the analog input over a period of one second, except for oversampling ADCs. For oversampling ADCs the “sample rate” is taken to be its output word rate. “Sample rate” may also be referred to as sampling rate, usually specified in Mega Samples Per Second (MSPS) or Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS), or conversion rate, usually specified in Hertz (Hz).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Satellite%20navigation%20system)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Satellite navigation system”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Satellite navigation system</em> (Cat 5P2, 7) - A system consisting of ground stations, a constellation of satellites, and receivers, that enables receiver locations to be calculated on the basis of signals received from the satellites. It includes Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (RNSS).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Scale%20factor)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Scale factor”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Scale factor.</em> (gyro or accelerometer) (Cat 7) - The ratio of change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares to input-output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input range.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Schedule%20B%20numbers)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Schedule B numbers”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Schedule B numbers.</em> The commodity numbers appearing in the current edition of the Bureau of the Census publication, Schedule B Statistical Classification of Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States. (See part 758 of the EAR for information on use of Schedule B numbers.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Shield)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Shield”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Shield.</em> Chaired by the Department of State, the Shield primarily reviews applications involving items controlled for Chemical and Biological Weapons (CBW) reasons. The Shield also reviews applications involving items not controlled for CBW reasons, but destined for a country and/or end-use/end-user of concern. See § 750.4 of the EAR.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Signal%20analyzers)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Signal analyzers”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Signal analyzers.</em> (Cat 3) - Apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency signals.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Signal%20processing)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Signal processing”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Signal processing.</em> (Cat 3, 4, 5, and 6) - The processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Single%20shipment)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Single shipment”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Single shipment.</em> All items moving at the same time from one exporter to one consignee or intermediate consignee on the same exporting carrier, even if these items will be forwarded to one or more ultimate consignees. Items being transported in this manner shall be treated as a single shipment even if the items represent more than one order or are in separate containers.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Software)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Software”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Software.</em> (Cat: all) - A collection of one or more “programs” or “microprograms” fixed in any tangible medium of expression.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Source%20code%20(or%20source%20language))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Source code (or source language)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Source code (or source language).</em> (Cat 1, 4, 5P2, 6, 7, and 9) - A convenient expression of one or more processes that may be turned by a programming system into equipment executable form (“object code” (or object language)).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Space-qualified)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Space-qualified”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Space-qualified”.</em> (Cat 3, 6, and 7) Designed, manufactured, or qualified through successful testing, for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km above the surface of the Earth.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1:</div> <p>A determination that a specific item is “space-qualified” by virtue of testing does not mean that other items in the same production run or model series are “space-qualified” if not individually tested.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2:</div> <p>The terms 'designed' and 'manufactured' in this definition are synonymous with “specially designed.” Thus, for example, an item that is “specially designed” for a spacecraft is deemed to be 'designed' or 'manufactured' for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km and an item that is not “specially designed” for a spacecraft is not deemed to have been so 'designed' or 'manufactured.'</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spacecraft)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spacecraft”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spacecraft.</em> (Cat 9) - Active and passive satellites and space probes.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spacecraft%20bus)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spacecraft bus”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spacecraft bus.</em> (Cat 9) Equipment that provides the support infrastructure of the “spacecraft” and location for the “spacecraft payload”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spacecraft%20payload)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spacecraft payload”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spacecraft payload.</em> (Cat 9) Equipment, attached to the “spacecraft bus”, designed to perform a mission in space (<em>e.g.,</em> communications, observation, science).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20Designated%20National%20(SDN))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Specially Designated National (SDN)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Specially Designated National (SDN).</em> Any person who is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be a specially designated national for any reason under regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (see <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/part-500" class="cfr external">31 CFR parts 500</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/part-590" class="cfr external">590</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20Designated%20Terrorist%20(SDT))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Specially Designated Terrorist (SDT)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Specially Designated Terrorist (SDT).</em> Any person who is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be a specially designated terrorist under notices or regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (see <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-31/chapter-V" class="cfr external">31 CFR chapter V</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Specially designed.</em> When applying this definition, follow this sequential analysis set forth below. (For additional guidance on the order of review of “specially designed,” including how the review of the term relates to the larger CCL, see supplement no. 4 to Part 774 of the EAR - Commerce Control List Order of Review.)</p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> Except for items described in (b), an “item” is “specially designed” if it:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(a)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (a)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> As a result of “development” has properties peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the performance levels, characteristics, or functions in the relevant ECCN or U.S. Munitions List (USML) paragraph; <em>or</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(a)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (a)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is a “part,” “component,” “accessory,” “attachment,” or “software” for use in or with a commodity or defense article ‘enumerated’ or otherwise described on the CCL or the USML.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A “part,” “component,” “accessory,” “attachment,” or “software” that would be <em>controlled</em> by paragraph (a) is not “specially designed” if it:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Has been identified to be in an ECCN paragraph that does not contain “specially designed” as a control parameter or as an EAR99 item in a commodity jurisdiction (CJ) determination or interagency-cleared commodity classification (CCATS) pursuant to § 748.3(e);</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is, regardless of ‘form’ or ‘fit,’ a fastener (e.g., screw, bolt, nut, nut plate, stud, insert, clip, rivet, pin), washer, spacer, insulator, grommet, bushing, spring, wire, solder;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Has the same function, performance capabilities, and the same or ‘equivalent’ form and fit, as a commodity or software used in or with an item that:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(3)(i)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(3)(i)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is or was in “production” (<em>i.e.,</em> not in “development”); <em>and</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(3)(ii)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(3)(ii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Is either not ‘enumerated’ on the CCL or USML, or is described in an ECCN controlled only for Anti-Terrorism (AT) reasons;</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(4)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(4)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> Was or is being developed with “knowledge” that it would be for use in or with commodities or software </p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(4)(i)"><p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(4)(i)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> described in an ECCN <em>and</em> </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(4)(ii)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(4)(ii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> also commodities or software either not ‘enumerated’ on the CCL or the USML (e.g., EAR99 commodities or software) or commodities or software described in an ECCN controlled only for Anti-Terrorism (AT) reasons;</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(5)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(5)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> Was or is being developed as a general purpose commodity or software, i.e., with no “knowledge” for use in or with a particular commodity (e.g., an F/A-18 or HMMWV) or type of commodity (e.g., an aircraft or machine tool); <em>or</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(6)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(6)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>6<span class="paren">)</span></span> Was or is being developed with “knowledge” that it would be for use in or with commodities or software described </p> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(6)(i)"><p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(6)(i)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> in an ECCN controlled for AT-only reasons and also EAR99 commodities or software; or </p></div> <div id="p-772.1(Specially%20designed)(b)(6)(ii)"> <p class="indent-4" data-title="772.1 “Specially designed” (b)(6)(ii)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> exclusively for use in or with EAR99 commodities or software.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1:</div> <p>‘Enumerated’ refers to any item (i) on either the USML or CCL not controlled in a ‘catch-all’ paragraph and (ii) when on the CCL, controlled by an ECCN for more than Anti-Terrorism (AT) reasons only. An example of an ‘enumerated’ ECCN is 2A226, which controls valves with the following three characteristics: a “nominal size” of 5 mm or greater; having a bellows seal; <em>and</em> wholly made of or lined with aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, or nickel alloy containing more than 60% nickel by weight. The CCL also contains notes excluding from control “parts” and “components” “specially designed” for uncontrolled items. Such uncontrolled items are merely ‘described’ and are not ‘enumerated.’ Note 2 to ECCN 1A002 is an example of items excluded from control based on being “specially designed” for a ‘described’ item. Commodities or software in an ECCN controlled only for AT reasons are other examples of items ‘described’ on the CCL. ECCN 2B996, which controls dimensional inspection or measuring systems or equipment not controlled by 2B006, is an example of a commodity ‘described’ in an ECCN controlled only for AT reasons. For purposes of “specially designed,” ECCNs 0B505.c, 0B999, 0D999, 1B999, 1C992, 1C995, 1C997, 1C999, 6A998 (except for .b), and 9A991 are treated as ECCNs controlled exclusively for AT reasons.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2:</div> <p>A ‘catch-all’ paragraph is one that does not refer to specific types of “parts,” “components,” “accessories,” or “attachments” but rather controls non-specific “parts,” “components,” “accessories,” or “attachments” because they were “specially designed” for an enumerated item. For example, ECCN paragraph 9A610.x is a catch-all, because it controls “parts,” “components,” “accessories,” and “attachments” “specially designed” for military aircraft, but does not identify specific types of “parts,” “components,” “accessories,” or “attachments” within its control. Another example of a ‘catch-all’ is the heading of 7A102, which controls “specially designed” components for the gyros enumerated in 7A102, but does not identify the specific types of “components” within its control.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to paragraph (<span class="standard">a</span>)(1):</div> <p>Items that as a result of “development” have properties peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the performance levels, ‘functions’ or characteristics in a relevant ECCN paragraph may have properties shared by different products. For example, ECCN 1A007 controls equipment and devices, specially designed to initiate charges and devices containing energetic materials, by electrical means. An example of equipment not meeting the peculiarly responsible standard under paragraph (a)(1) is a garage door opener, that as a result of “development” has properties that enable the garage door opener to send an encoded signal to another piece of equipment to perform an action (i.e., the opening of a garage door). The garage door opener is not “specially designed” for purposes of 1A007 because although the garage door opener could be used to send a signal by electrical means to charges or devices containing energetic materials, the garage door opener does not have properties peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the performance levels, ‘functions’ or characteristics in 1A007. For example, the garage door opener is designed to only perform at a limited range and the level of encoding is not as advanced as the encoding usually required in equipment and devices used to initiate charges and devices containing energetic materials, by electrical means. Conversely, another piece of equipment that, as a result of “development,” has the properties (e.g., sending a signal at a longer range, having signals with advanced encoding to prevent interference, and having signals that are specific to detonating blasting caps) needed for equipment used to initiate charges and devices containing energetic materials, would be peculiarly responsible because the equipment has a direct and proximate causal relationship that is central or special for achieving or exceeding the performance levels, ‘functions’ or characteristics identified in 1A007.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1 to paragraph (<span class="standard">b</span>)(3):</div> <p>Commodities in “production” that are subsequently subject to “development” activities, such as those that would result in enhancements or improvements only in the reliability or maintainability of the commodity (e.g., an increased mean time between failure (MTBF)), including those pertaining to quality improvements, cost reductions, or feature enhancements, remain in “production.” However, any new models or versions of such commodities developed from such efforts that change the basic performance or capability of the commodity are in “development” until and unless they enter into “production.”</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2 to paragraph (<span class="standard">b</span>)(3):</div> <p>With respect to a commodity, ‘equivalent’ means that its form has been modified solely for ‘fit’ purposes.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 3 to paragraph (<span class="standard">b</span>)(3):</div> <p>The ‘form’ of a commodity is defined by its configuration (including the geometrically measured configuration), material, and material properties that uniquely characterize it. The ‘fit’ of a commodity is defined by its ability to physically interface or interconnect with or become an integral part of another item. The ‘function’ of the item is the action or actions it is designed to perform. ‘Performance capability’ is the measure of a commodity's effectiveness to perform a designated function in a given environment (e.g., measured in terms of speed, durability, reliability, pressure, accuracy, efficiency). For software, ‘form’ means the design, logic flow, and algorithms. ‘Fit’ means the ability to interface or connect with an item subject to the EAR. The ‘function’ means the action or actions it performs directly to an item subject to the EAR or as a stand-alone application. ‘Performance capability’ means the measure of software's effectiveness to perform a designated function.</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to paragraphs (<span class="standard">b</span>)(3) and (<span class="standard">b</span>)(4):</div> <p>ECCNs controlled for AT-only reasons that use “specially designed” are eligible for paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4). However, the criteria for release under (b)(3) or (b)(4) must be met by another ECCN controlled for AT-only reasons or an EAR99 item in addition to the AT-only ECCN being reviewed for release from “specially designed.” For example, if a single gasket is used in ECCN 9A990 tractors (9A990 includes a control on “specially designed” “parts”) and also pick-up trucks designated as EAR99 that are in “production”, the single gasket would be released from “specially designed” on the basis of paragraph (b)(3). Or if the single gasket is or was used in 9A990 tractors and also 9A991.b aircraft (another AT-only controlled ECCN), that are in “production,” the gasket would be released from “specially designed” on the basis of paragraph (b)(3). Alternatively, if the single gasket is or was only used in ECCN 9A990 tractors that are in “production,” then paragraph (b)(3) would not be available. This same concept applies for paragraph (b)(4).</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to paragraphs (<span class="standard">b</span>)(4), (<span class="standard">b</span>)(5) and (<span class="standard">b</span>)(6):</div> <p>For a commodity or software to be not “specially designed” on the basis of paragraphs (b)(4), (b)(5) <em>or</em> (b)(6), documents contemporaneous with its “development,” in their totality, must establish the elements of paragraphs (b)(4), (b)(5) <em>or</em> (b)(6). Such documents may include concept design information, marketing plans, declarations in patent applications, or contracts. Absent such documents, the “commodity” may not be excluded from being “specially designed” by paragraphs (b)(4), (b)(5) <em>or</em> (b)(6).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specific%20modulus)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Specific modulus”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Specific modulus”.<em></em></span> (Cat 1) - Young's modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m<sup>2</sup>, divided by specific weight in N/m<sup>3</sup>, measured at a temperature of (296 ±2) K ((23 ±2) °C) and a relative humidity of (50 ±5)%.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Specific%20tensile%20strength)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Specific tensile strength”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Specific tensile strength”.<em></em></span> (Cat 1) - Ultimate tensile strength in pascals, equivalent to N/m<sup>2</sup>, divided by specific weight in N/m<sup>3</sup>, measured at a temperature of (296 ±2) K ((23 ±2) °C) and relative humidity of (50 ±5)%.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spectral%20efficiency)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spectral efficiency”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spectral efficiency.</em> (Cat 5) - A figure of merit parametrized to characterize the efficiency of transmission system that uses complex modulation schemes such as QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), Trellis coding, QSPK (Q-phased shift key), etc. It is defined as follows:</p> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER25MR96.013/ER25MR96.013_original_size.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER25MR96.013/ER25MR96.013_large.png" loading="lazy" style="height: 66px; width: 549px;"></a> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spinning%20mass%20gyros)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spinning mass gyros”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spinning mass gyros.</em> (Cat 7) “Spinning mass gyros” are gyros which use a continually rotating mass to sense angular motion.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spread%20spectrum)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spread spectrum”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spread spectrum.</em> (Cat 5) - The technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Spread%20spectrum%20radar)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Spread spectrum radar”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Spread spectrum radar.</em> (Cat 6) - (see “Radar spread spectrum”)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Stability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Stability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Stability</em> (Cat 7) Standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p><em>For gyroscopes and accelerometers, “stability” can be estimated by determining the Allan variance noise-analysis value at the integration period (i.e., sample time) consistent with the stated measurement period, which may include extrapolating the Allan variance noise analysis beyond the instability point into the rate/acceleration random walk or rate/acceleration ramp regions to an integration period consistent with the stated measurement period (Reference: IEEE Std. 952-1997 [R2008] or IEEE Std 1293-1998 [R2008]).</em></p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Standard)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Standard”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Standard.</em> This term is equivalent to “standard” or “technical standard” as defined in Office of Management and Budget Circular A-119 (Rev. 2016) (<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/81-FR-4673" class="fr-reference" data-reference="81 FR 4673">81 FR 4673</a> (Jan. 27, 2016)), “Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities” section 2.a, available at <em><a href="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/revised_circular_a-119_as_of_01-22-2016.pdf" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.nist.gov/system/files/revised_circular_a-119_as_of_01-22-2016.pdf</a>.</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Standards%20organization)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Standards organization”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Standards organization.</em> This term is equivalent to “voluntary consensus standards body,” as defined in Office of Management and Budget Circular A-119 (Rev. 2016) (<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/81-FR-4673" class="fr-reference" data-reference="81 FR 4673">81 FR 4673</a> (Jan. 27, 2016)), “Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities” section 2.e, available at <em><a href="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/revised_circular_a-119_as_of_01-22-2016.pdf" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.nist.gov/system/files/revised_circular_a-119_as_of_01-22-2016.pdf</a>.</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Steady%20state%20mode)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Steady state mode”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Steady state mode.</em> (Cat 9) The term “steady state mode” defines engine operation conditions, where the engine parameters, such as thrust/power, rpm and others, have no appreciable fluctuations, when the ambient air temperature and pressure at the engine inlet are constant.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Stored%20program%20controlled)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Stored program controlled”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Stored program controlled.</em> (Cat 2, 3, and 5) - A control using instructions stored in an electronic storage that a processor can execute in order to direct the performance of predetermined functions.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>Equipment may be “stored program controlled” whether the electronic storage is internal or external to the equipment.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Subgroup%20on%20Nuclear%20Export%20Coordination%20(SNEC))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination (SNEC)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination (SNEC).</em> Chaired by the Department of State, the SNEC primarily reviews applications involving items controlled for nuclear nonproliferation (NP) reasons. The SNEC also reviews applications involving items not controlled for NP reasons, but destined for a country and/or end-use/end-user of NP concern.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Subject%20to%20the%20EAR)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Subject to the EAR”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Subject to the EAR.</em> A term used in the EAR to describe those commodities, software, technology, and activities over which the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) exercises regulatory jurisdiction under the EAR (See § 734.2(a) of the EAR).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Subject%20to%20the%20ITAR)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Subject to the ITAR”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Subject to the ITAR.</em> A term used in the EAR to describe those commodities, software, technology (e.g., technical data) and defense services over which the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) exercises regulatory jurisdiction under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (see <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-120" class="cfr external">22 CFR parts 120</a> through <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-22/part-130" class="cfr external">130</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Sub-orbital%20craft)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Sub-orbital craft”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Sub-orbital craft</em>”.</span> (Cat 9) A craft having an enclosure designed for the transport of people or cargo, which is designed to:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Sub-orbital%20craft)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Sub-orbital craft” (1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Operate above the stratosphere;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Sub-orbital%20craft)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Sub-orbital craft” (2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Perform a non-orbital trajectory; <em>and</em></p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Sub-orbital%20craft)(3)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Sub-orbital craft” (3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Land back on Earth with the people or cargo intact.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Substrate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Substrate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Substrate.</em> (Cat 3) - A sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which “discrete components” or integrated circuits or both can be located.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>“Discrete component”: a separately packaged “circuit element” with its own external connections.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Substrate%20blanks)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Substrate blanks”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Substrate blanks.</em> (Cat 3 and 6) - Monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Super%20High%20Power%20Laser)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Super High Power Laser”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Super High Power Laser.</em> (SHPL) (Cat 6) - A “laser” capable of delivering (the total or any portion of) the output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an average or CW power exceeding 20 kW.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Superalloy)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Superalloy”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Superalloy.</em> (Cat 2 and 9) Nickel, cobalt, or iron base alloys having a stress rupture life greater than 1,000 hours at 400 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength greater than 850 MPa, at 922 K (649 °C) or higher.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Superconductive)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Superconductive”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Superconductive.</em> (Cat 1, 3, 5P1, 6, and 8) - Materials, i.e., metals, alloys, or compounds that can lose all electrical resistance, i.e., that can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>The “superconductive” state of a material is individually characterized by a “critical temperature”, a critical magnetic field that is a function of temperature, and a critical current density that is a function of both magnetic field and temperature.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Superplastic%20forming)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Superplastic forming”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Superplastic forming.</em> (Cat 1 and 2) - A deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterized by low elongation (less than 20%) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing that are at least 2 times those values.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Symmetric%20algorithm)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Symmetric algorithm”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Symmetric algorithm.</em> (Cat 5, Part II) A cryptographic algorithm using an identical key for both encryption and decryption. A common use of “symmetric algorithms” is confidentiality of data.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(System)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “System”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">System.</em> This is any combination of “end items,” “equipment,” “parts,” “components,” “accessories,” “attachments,” firmware, or “software” that operate together to perform a function.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>The industrial standards established by INCOSE and NASA provide examples for when commodities and software operate together to perform a function as a system. References to these standards are included in this note to provide additional examples for when commodities or software operate together to perform a function as a system. See the INCOSE standards for what constitutes a system at (<em>http:// g2sebok.incose.org/app/mss/asset.cfm?ID=INCOSE%20G2SEBOK%202.00&ST=F</em>), and in the (INCOSE SE Handbook v3.1 2007; ISO/IEC 15288:2008). Also see the NASA standards for examples of what constitutes a system in the (NASA SE Handbook SP-2007-6105 Rev 1).</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Technology.%20Technology)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Technology. Technology”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Technology. Technology</em> means:</p> <p class="indent-1 no-hierarchy">Information necessary for the “development,” “production,” “use,” operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul, or refurbishing (or other terms specified in ECCNs on the CCL that control “technology”) of an item.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(N.B.%3A%20Controlled%20technology%20is%20defined%20in%20the%20General%20Technology%20Note%20and%20in%20the%20Commerce%20Control%20List%20(supplement%20no.%201%20to%20part%20774%20of%20the%20EAR))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “N.B.: Controlled “technology” is defined in the General Technology Note and in the Commerce Control List (supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the EAR)”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-heading">N.B.: Controlled “technology” is defined in the General Technology Note and in the Commerce Control List (supplement no. 1 to part 774 of the EAR).</em> </p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 1 to definition of Technology:</div> <p>“Technology” may be in any tangible or intangible form, such as written or oral communications, blueprints, drawings, photographs, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, computer-aided design files, manuals or documentation, electronic media or information revealed through visual inspection;</p> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note 2 to definition of Technology:</div> <p>The modification of the design of an existing item creates a new item and technology for the modified design is technology for the development or production of the new item.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Terminal%20interface%20equipment)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Terminal interface equipment”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Terminal interface equipment.</em> (Cat 4) - Equipment at which information enters or leaves the telecommunication systems, e.g., telephone, data device, computer, facsimile device.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Three%20dimensional%20integrated%20circuit)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Three dimensional integrated circuit”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Three dimensional integrated circuit”.</em></span> (Cat 3) A collection of semiconductor dies or active device layers, integrated together, and having through semiconductor via connections passing completely through an interposer, substrate, die or layer to establish interconnections between the device layers. An interposer is an interface that enables electrical connections.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Tilting%20spindle)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Tilting spindle”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Tilting spindle.</em> (Cat 2) - A tool-handling spindle that alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its center line with respect to any other axis.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Time%20constant)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Time constant”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Time constant.</em> (Cat 6) - The time taken from the application of a light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1-1/e times the final value (i.e., 63% of the final value).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Tip%20shroud)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Tip shroud”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“Tip shroud”<em></em></span> (Cat 9) - A stationary ring component (solid or segmented) attached to the inner surface of the engine turbine casing or a feature at the outer tip of the turbine blade, which primarily provides a gas seal between the stationary and rotating components.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Total%20control%20of%20flight)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Total control of flight”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Total control of flight.</em> (Cat 7) means an automated control of “aircraft” state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other “aircraft.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Total%20digital%20transfer%20rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Total digital transfer rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Total digital transfer rate.</em> (Cat 5) - The number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system. (See also “digital transfer rate”.)</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Toxins)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Toxins”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Toxins.</em> (Cat 1 and 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of “microorganisms.”</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Transfer)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Transfer”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Transfer.</em> A shipment, transmission, or release of items subject to the EAR either within the United States or outside the United States. For <em>In-country transfer/Transfer (in-country)</em>, see § 734.16 of the EAR.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to definition of Transfer:</div> <p>This definition of “transfer” does not apply to § 750.10 of the EAR or Supplement No. 8 to part 760 of the EAR. The term “transfer” may also be included on licenses issued by BIS. In that regard, the changes that can be made to a BIS license are the non-material changes described in § 750.7(c) of the EAR. Any other change to a BIS license without authorization is a violation of the EAR. See §§ 750.7(c) and 764.2(e) of the EAR.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Tunable)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Tunable”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Tunable.</em> (Cat 6) - The ability of a “laser” to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several “laser” transitions. A line selectable “laser” produces discrete wavelengths within one “laser” transition and is not considered “tunable”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">U.S. Person.</em> </p> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> For purposes of §§ 732.3(j), 736.2(b)(7), 740.21(e)(1), 744.6, 744.10, 744.11, 744.12, 744.13, 744.14, and 745.2(a)(1) of the EAR, the term U.S. person includes:</p> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)(a)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person” (a)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Any individual who is a citizen of the United States, a permanent resident alien of the United States, or a protected individual as defined by <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/8/1324b" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3)</a>;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)(a)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person” (a)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Any juridical person organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including foreign branches; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)(a)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person” (a)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Any person in the United States.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20Person)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “U.S. Person” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> See also §§ 740.9, 740.14, and 740.21(f)(2) and parts 746 and 760 of the EAR for definitions of “U.S. person” that are specific to those sections and parts.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">U.S. subsidiary.</em> As applied to encryption items, means</p> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A foreign branch of a U.S. company; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A foreign subsidiary or entity of a U.S. entity in which:</p> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> The U.S. entity beneficially owns or controls (whether directly or indirectly) 25 percent or more of the voting securities of the foreign subsidiary or entity, if no other persons owns or controls (whether directly or indirectly) an equal or larger percentage; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> The foreign entity is operated by the U.S. entity pursuant to the provisions of an exclusive management contract; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> A majority of the members of the board of directors of the foreign subsidiary or entity also are members of the comparable governing body of the U.S. entity; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)(4)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)(4)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> The U.S. entity has the authority to appoint the majority of the members of the board of directors of the foreign subsidiary or entity; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(U.S.%20subsidiary)(b)(5)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “U.S. subsidiary” (b)(5)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> The U.S. entity has the authority to appoint the chief operating officer of the foreign subsidiary or entity.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Ultimate%20consignee)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Ultimate consignee”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Ultimate consignee.</em> The principal party in interest located abroad who receives the exported or reexported items. The ultimate consignee is not a forwarding agent or other intermediary, but may be the end-user.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Unidirectional%20positioning%20repeatability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Unidirectional positioning repeatability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Unidirectional positioning repeatability.</em> (Cat 2) The smaller of values R↑ and R↓ (forward and backward), as defined by 3.21 of ISO 230-2:2014 or national equivalents, of an individual machine tool axis.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(United%20States)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “United States”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">United States.</em> Unless otherwise stated, the 50 States, including offshore areas within their jurisdiction pursuant to section 3 of the Submerged Lands Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/43/1311" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">43 U.S.C. 1311</a>), the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and all territories, dependencies, and possessions of the United States, including foreign trade zones established pursuant to <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/19/81A" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">19 U.S.C. 81A-81U</a>, and also including the outer continental shelf, as defined in section 2(a) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/43/1331" class="usc external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">43 U.S.C. 1331(a)</a>).</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(United%20States%20airline)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “United States airline”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">United States airline.</em> Any citizen of the United States who is authorized by the U.S. Government to engage in business as an airline. For purposes of this definition, a U.S. citizen is:</p> <div id="p-772.1(United%20States%20airline)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “United States airline” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> An individual who is a citizen of the United States or one of its possessions; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(United%20States%20airline)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “United States airline” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> A partnership of which each member is such an individual; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(United%20States%20airline)(c)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “United States airline” (c)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> A corporation or association created or organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, of which the president and two-thirds of the board of directors and other managing officers thereof are such individuals and in which at least 75 percent of the voting interest is owned or controlled by persons who are citizens of the United States or of one of its possessions.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle%20(UAV))"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Unmanned aerial vehicle” (“UAV”)”" data-term="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy">“<em>Unmanned aerial vehicle” (“UAV”).</em></span> (Cat 9) Any “aircraft” capable of initiating flight and sustaining controlled flight and navigation without any human presence on board.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to definition of “Unmanned aerial vehicle” (“UAV”):</div> <p>For the purposes of § 744.3 of the EAR, unmanned air vehicles, which are the same as “unmanned aerial vehicles,” include, but are not limited to, cruise missiles, target drones and reconnaissance drones.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Usable%20in%20usable%20for%20usable%20as%20or%20Capable%20of)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Usable in”, “usable for”, “usable as” or “Capable of”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Usable in”, “usable for”, “usable as” or “Capable of”.</em> (MTCR context) - Equipment, parts, components, materials or “software” which are suitable for a particular purpose. There is no need for the equipment, parts, components, materials or “software” to have been configured, modified or specified for the particular purpose. For example, any military specification memory circuit would be “capable of” operation in a guidance system.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Use)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Use”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Use.</em> (All categories and General Technology Note) - Operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note:</div> <p>If an ECCN specifies one or more of the six elements of “use” in the heading or control text, only those elements specified are classified under that ECCN.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(User-accessible%20programmability)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “User-accessible programmability”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">User-accessible programmability.</em> (Cat 6) - The facility allowing a user to insert, modify, or replace “programs” by means other than:</p> <div id="p-772.1(User-accessible%20programmability)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “User-accessible programmability” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> A physical change in wiring or interconnections; or</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(User-accessible%20programmability)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “User-accessible programmability” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> The setting of function controls including entry of parameters.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Utilization facility.</em> </p> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)(a)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility” (a)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> As defined by <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-10/section-110.2" class="cfr external">10 CFR 110.2</a> of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations, utilization facility means a nuclear reactor, other than one that is a production facility, any of the following major components of a nuclear reactor: Pressure vessels designed to contain the core of a nuclear reactor, other than one that is a production facility, and the following major components of a nuclear reactor:</p> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)(a)(1)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility” (a)(1)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Primary coolant pumps;</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)(a)(2)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility” (a)(2)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Fuel charging or discharging machines; and</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)(a)(3)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility” (a)(3)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Control rods.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Utilization%20facility)(b)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="772.1 “Utilization facility” (b)" data-disable="true"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> Utilization facility does not include the steam turbine generator portion of a nuclear power plant.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Vacuum%20electronic%20devices)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Vacuum electronic devices”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Vacuum electronic devices</em> (Cat 3) Electronic devices based on the interaction of an electron beam with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a vacuum circuit or interacting with radio-frequency vacuum cavity resonators. “Vacuum electronic devices” include klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, and their derivatives.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Vector%20Rate)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Vector Rate”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Vector Rate.</em> (Cat 4) - See: “Two dimensional Vector Rate”; “Three dimensional Vector Rate”.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(Vulnerability%20disclosure)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “Vulnerability disclosure”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">Vulnerability disclosure.</em> (§ 740.22, Cat 4) means the process of identifying, reporting, or communicating a vulnerability to, or analyzing a vulnerability with, individuals or organizations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation for the purpose of resolving the vulnerability.</p> </div> <div id="p-772.1(You)"><p class="indent-1" data-title="772.1 “You”" data-term="true"><em class="paragraph-hierarchy">You.</em> Any person, including a natural person, including a citizen of the United States or any foreign country; any firm; any government, government agency, government department, or government commission; any labor union; any fraternal or social organization; and any other association or organization whether or not organized for profit.</p></div> <p class="citation">[<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/61-FR-12925" class="fr-reference" data-reference="61 FR 12925">61 FR 12925</a>, Mar. 25, 1996] </p> <div class="editorial-note"><div class="box box-published no-footer"> <div class="seal-block seal-block-header"><div class="seal-content"><h6>Editorial Note</h6></div></div> <div class="content-block "> <h4 class="inline-header">Editorial Note:</h4> <p class="inline-paragraph">For <span class="minor-caps">Federal Register</span> citations affecting <a href="/on/2022-03-16/title-15/section-772.1" class="cfr external">§ 772.1</a>, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at <em><a href="http://www.govinfo.gov" class="external" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.govinfo.gov</a>.</em></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div><script type="application/json" id="source-and-authority-data">{"origins":[{"level":"part","identifier":"772","label_level":"Part 772","hierarchy":{"title":"15","subtitle":"B","chapter":"VII","subchapter":"C","part":"772"},"current":true,"authority":["\u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/50/4801\" class=\"usc external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e50 U.S.C. 4801-4852\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/50/4601\" class=\"usc external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e50 U.S.C. 4601\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eet seq.;\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/50/1701\" class=\"usc external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e50 U.S.C. 1701\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eet seq.;\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/13222\" class=\"eo external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eE.O. 13222\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/66-FR-44025\" class=\"fr-reference\" data-reference=\"66 FR 44025\"\u003e66 FR 44025\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/on/2022-03-16/title-3\" class=\"cfr external\"\u003e3 CFR\u003c/a\u003e, 2001 Comp., p. 783.\n"],"source":["\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/61-FR-12925\" class=\"fr-reference\" data-reference=\"61 FR 12925\"\u003e61 FR 12925\u003c/a\u003e, Mar. 25, 1996, unless otherwise noted.\n"],"link":"/current/title-15/part-772","title":"Part 772"}]}</script> </div><div class="seal-block seal-block-footer"><h6>eCFR Content</h6></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer container-fluid" id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Pages</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/">Titles</a></li> <li><a href="/search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/recent-changes">Recent Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/corrections">Corrections</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Reader Aids</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/using-ecfr">Using the eCFR Point-in-Time System</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/understanding-the-ecfr">Understanding the eCFR</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures">Government Policy and OFR Procedures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/ecfr-developer-resources">Developer Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Information</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/about-this-site">About This Site</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/about-this-site#legal-status">Legal Status</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/foia">FOIA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.archives.gov/eeo/policy/no-fear-notice.html">No Fear Act</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/contact.html#coop">Continuity Information</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>My eCFR</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li> <a href="/my/subscriptions">My Subscriptions</a> </li> <li> <a data-turbo="false" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/auth/sign_in?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJub3RpZmljYXRpb25zIjp7ImluZm8iOiJZb3Ugd2lsbCBiZSByZWRpcmVjdGVkIGJhY2sgdG8gdGhlIGVDRlIgYWZ0ZXIgeW91IGhhdmUgc2lnbmVkIGluIG9yIGNyZWF0ZWQgYW4gYWNjb3VudC4ifX0.-sYkHWfC02yb0CpuUqmPkxxnF0yzlNHaS5520hYIUy8&redirect_to=https://www.ecfr.gov/on/2022-03-16/title-15/subtitle-B/chapter-VII/subchapter-C/part-772">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>