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<li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_with_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_with_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Integration with India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration_with_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kashmir insurgency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_provisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_provisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Central provisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_provisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jammu and Kashmir (state)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_Kashmir" title="Jammu Kashmir – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jammu Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%88%99%E1%8A%93_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%BD%E1%88%9A%E1%88%AD" title="ጃሙና ካሽሚር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃሙና ካሽሚር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्मू और कश्मीर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जम्मू और कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="جامو وكشمير (ولاية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامو وكشمير (ولاية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0" title="জম্মু আৰু কাশ্মীৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জম্মু আৰু কাশ্মীৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_y_Caxmir" title="Jammu y Caxmir – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jammu y Caxmir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammu_v%C9%99_K%C9%99%C5%9Fmir" title="Cammu və Kəşmir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cammu və Kəşmir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جامو و کشمیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جامو و کشمیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF)" title="জম্মু ও কাশ্মীর (রাজ্য) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জম্মু ও কাশ্মীর (রাজ্য)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_kap_Kashmir_(pang)" title="Jammu kap Kashmir (pang) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jammu kap Kashmir (pang)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Джаму і Кашмір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джаму і Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Джаму і Кашмір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джаму і Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Джаму и Кашмир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джаму и Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇ་མུ་དང་ཀ་ཤི་མིར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇ་མུ་དང་ཀ་ཤི་མིར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_i_Kashmir" title="Jammu i Kashmir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jammu i Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ha_Kachmir" title="Jammu ha Kachmir – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jammu ha Kachmir" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_i_Caixmir" title="Jammu i Caixmir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jammu i Caixmir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Джаммупа Кашмир – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джаммупа Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Jammu_and_Kashm%C4%ABr" title="State of Jammu and Kashmīr – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Jammu and Kashmīr" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamm%C3%BA_a_Ka%C5%A1m%C3%ADr" title="Džammú a Kašmír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džammú a Kašmír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_a_Kashmir" title="Jammu a Kashmir – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jammu a Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_und_Kashmir_(Bundesstaat)" title="Jammu und Kashmir (Bundesstaat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jammu und Kashmir (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AB_%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%9D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ޖައްމޫ ކަޝްމީރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖައްމޫ ކަޝްމީރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्मू कश्मीर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जम्मू कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ja_Kashmir" title="Jammu ja Kashmir – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jammu ja Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Τζαμού και Κασμίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζαμού και Κασμίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Jammu_y_Cachemira" title="Estado de Jammu y Cachemira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de Jammu y Cachemira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Camuo_kaj_Ka%C5%9Dmiro" title="Ĝamuo kaj Kaŝmiro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝamuo kaj Kaŝmiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_eta_Kaxmir" title="Jammu eta Kaxmir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jammu eta Kaxmir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA)" title="جامو و کشمیر (ایالت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جامو و کشمیر (ایالت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Jammu and Kashmir – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jammu and Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu-et-Cachemire_(%C3%89tat)" title="Jammu-et-Cachemire (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jammu-et-Cachemire (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_agus_an_Chaism%C3%ADr_(St%C3%A1t)" title="Jammu agus an Chaismír (Stát) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jammu agus an Chaismír (Stát)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87_%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0" title="જમ્મુ અને કાશ્મીર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જમ્મુ અને કાશ્મીર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ani_Kashmir" title="Jammu ani Kashmir – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Jammu ani Kashmir" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EB%AC%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="잠무 카슈미르주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잠무 카슈미르주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_da_Kashmir" title="Jammu da Kashmir – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jammu da Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D6%87_%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ջամմու և Քաշմիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջամմու և Քաշմիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्मू और कश्मीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जम्मू और कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_i_Kashmir" title="Jammu i Kashmir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jammu i Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="জম্মু বারো কাশ্মির – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জম্মু বারো কাশ্মির" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir_(negara_bagian)" title="Jammu dan Kashmir (negara bagian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jammu dan Kashmir (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Джамму æмæ Кашмир (штат) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джамму æмæ Кашмир (штат)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamm%C3%BA_og_Kasm%C3%ADr" title="Jammú og Kasmír – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jammú og Kasmír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_e_Kashmir_(Stato)" title="Jammu e Kashmir (Stato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jammu e Kashmir (Stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="ג'אמו וקשמיר (מדינה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'אמו וקשמיר (מדינה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜಮ್ಮು ಮತ್ತು ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಮ್ಮು ಮತ್ತು ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ampong_Kashmir" title="Jammu ampong Kashmir – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jammu ampong Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯამუ და ქაშმირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯამუ და ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%85_%D8%AA%DB%81%D9%95_%DA%A9%D9%94%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1_(%D8%B1%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE)" title="جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر (رِیاسَتھ) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر (رِیاسَتھ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_et_Casmiria" title="Jammu et Casmiria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Jammu et Casmiria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEammu_un_Ka%C5%A1m%C4%ABra_(%C5%A1tats)" title="Džammu un Kašmīra (štats) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džammu un Kašmīra (štats)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamu_ir_Ka%C5%A1myras" title="Džamu ir Kašmyras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džamu ir Kašmyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzsammu_%C3%A9s_Kasm%C3%ADr" title="Dzsammu és Kasmír – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsammu és Kasmír" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्मू आ कश्मीर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जम्मू आ कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Џаму и Кашмир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џаму и Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="ജമ്മു-കശ്മീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജമ്മു-കശ്മീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="जम्मू आणि काश्मीर (राज्य) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जम्मू आणि काश्मीर (राज्य)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯამუ დო ქაშმირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯამუ დო ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir" title="Jammu dan Kashmir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jammu dan Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94" title="ꯖꯥꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯁꯃꯤꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯥꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯁꯃꯤꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_g%C3%A2e%CC%A4ng_Kashmir" title="Jammu gâe̤ng Kashmir – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Jammu gâe̤ng Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Жамму-Кашмир – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жамму-Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျမ်မူး နှင့် ကက်ရှမီးယားပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျမ်မူး နှင့် ကက်ရှမီးယားပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_en_Kasjmir_(staat)" title="Jammu en Kasjmir (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jammu en Kasjmir (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्मु र कश्मीर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जम्मु र कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जम्‍मू व कश्‍मीर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जम्‍मू व कश्‍मीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="ジャンムー・カシミール州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャンムー・カシミール州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B0,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B0" title="Джамму а, Кашмир а – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Джамму а, Кашмир а" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_an_Kashmir" title="Jammu an Kashmir – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jammu an Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_og_Kashmir" title="Jammu og Kashmir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jammu og Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_e_Cashmir_(Estat)" title="Jammu e Cashmir (Estat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jammu e Cashmir (Estat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81_%E0%AC%93_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜମ୍ମୁ ଓ କଶ୍ମୀର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜମ୍ମୁ ଓ କଶ୍ମୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_va_Kashmir" title="Jammu va Kashmir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jammu va Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਾਜ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਾਜ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%92_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جموں اتے کشمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جموں اتے کشمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="جمو او کشمير – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جمو او کشمير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCammu_i_Kaszmir_(stan)" title="Dżammu i Kaszmir (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżammu i Kaszmir (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamu_e_Caxemira_(antigo_estado)" title="Jamu e Caxemira (antigo estado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jamu e Caxemira (antigo estado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir" title="Jammu și Cașmir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jammu și Cașmir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Джамму и Кашмир (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джамму и Кашмир (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जम्मूकाश्मीरराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जम्मूकाश्मीरराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_an_Kashmir" title="Jammu an Kashmir – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jammu an Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamm%C3%BA_a_Ka%C5%A1m%C3%ADr" title="Džammú a Kašmír – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džammú a Kašmír" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamu_in_Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Džamu in Kašmir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Džamu in Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جاموو و کەشمیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جاموو و کەشمیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Џаму и Кашмир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џаму и Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEamu_i_Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Džamu i Kašmir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džamu i Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ja_Kashmir" title="Jammu ja Kashmir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jammu ja Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_och_Kashmir_(delstat)" title="Jammu och Kashmir (delstat) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jammu och Kashmir (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_at_Kashmir" title="Jammu at Kashmir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jammu at Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சம்மு காசுமீர் மாநிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சம்மு காசுமீர் மாநிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Җамму һәм Кәшмир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җамму һәм Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు (రాష్ట్రం) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జమ్మూ కాశ్మీరు (రాష్ట్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐชัมมูและกัศมีร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐชัมมูและกัศมีร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ҷамму ва Кашмир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷамму ва Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemmu_ve_Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Cemmu ve Keşmir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cemmu ve Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Джамму та Кашмір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джамму та Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جموں وکشمیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جموں وکشمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_e_Kashmir_(stato)" title="Jammu e Kashmir (stato) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jammu e Kashmir (stato)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_v%C3%A0_Kashmir_(bang)" title="Jammu và Kashmir (bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jammu và Kashmir (bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_ngan_Kashmir" title="Jammu ngan Kashmir – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jammu ngan Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%B0%9F-%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="查谟-克什米尔邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="查谟-克什米尔邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_%C3%A0ti_Kashmir" title="Jammu àti Kashmir – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jammu àti Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%AC%A8-%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%82%A6" title="查謨-喀什米爾邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="查謨-喀什米爾邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%B0%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="查谟和克什米尔邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查谟和克什米尔邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_rik_Kashmir" title="Jammu rik Kashmir – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jammu rik Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)&params=34_N_76.5_E_region:IN-JK_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">76°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.0°N 76.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.0; 76.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected."><img alt="Page extended-confirmed-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1952–2019 state administered by India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the former state. For the current union territory, see <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)</a>. For the former princely state, see <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">State of Jammu and Kashmir</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India#Former_states" title="States and union territories of India">Region formerly administered by India as a state</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1952–2019</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1952-2019).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Flag of Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281952-2019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Flag of Jammu and Kashmir">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Jammu_%26_Kashmir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Jammu and Kashmir">Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/220px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/330px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/440px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1567" /></a></span><br />Map of Jammu and Kashmir</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (May–October)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (November–April)<sup id="cite_ref-Darbar_Move_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darbar_Move-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Why? (August 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)&params=34_N_76.5_E_region:IN-JK_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">76°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.0°N 76.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.0; 76.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="List of governors of Jammu and Kashmir">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1952–1965 as <i>Sadr-e-Riyasat</i>; 1965–1967 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a> (<i>first</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2018–2019<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Malik" title="Satya Pal Malik">Satya Pal Malik</a> (<i>last</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir">Chief Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1952–1953 as <i>Prime Minister</i> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a> (<i>first</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2016–2018<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehbooba_Mufti" title="Mehbooba Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</a> (<i>last</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislature" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislature">Jammu and Kashmir Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-former-subdiv-fake-li">• Upper house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Council" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council">Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council</a> (36 seats)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-former-subdiv-fake-li">• Lower house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly</a> (89 seats)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Abolition of monarchy </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 1952</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Article_370#Presidential_order_of_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 370">Presidential order of 1954</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 May 1954</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">Reorganized</a> into <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 October 2019</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Jammu and Kashmir">22 districts</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jammu<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kashmir</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a region formerly administered by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> as a state from 1952 to 2019, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> since the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-jammu-kashmir_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-jammu-kashmir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Osmańczyk2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osmańczyk2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underlying region of this state were parts of the former <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">princely state of Jammu and Kashmir</a>, whose western districts, now known as <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>, and northern territories, now known as <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, are administered by Pakistan. The <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> region in the east, bordering <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, has been under Chinese control since 1962. </p><p>After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir under <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a> of the Indian constitution in 2019, the Parliament of India passed the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act</a>, which contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganised it into two <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territories</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> in the east, with effect from 31 October 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of its dissolution, Jammu and Kashmir was the only state in India with a Muslim-majority population. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the pre-1952 history, see <a href="/wiki/Kashmir#History" title="Kashmir">Kashmir § History</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948</a>, the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> was divided between India (which controlled the regions of <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>) and Pakistan (which controlled <a href="/wiki/Gilgit%E2%80%93Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit–Baltistan">Gilgit–Baltistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-kashmir_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-kashmir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession</a> on 26 October 1947 after an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen. <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a> was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir">Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir</a> as part of an interim government by Maharaja Hari Singh in March 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to integrate the provisions of the instrument of accession relating to the powers of the state and Indian government, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a> drew up the draft provision named Article 306-A, which would later become <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waseem_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waseem-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir">constituent assembly</a> for Jammu and Kashmir was convened to frame a new constitution for the state in October 1951, after an <a href="/wiki/1951_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election">election</a> in which all the seats were won by the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">Jammu & Kashmir National Conference</a> party of Abdullah.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdullah reached an agreement termed as the "Delhi Agreement" with <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, the Prime Minister of India, on 24 July 1952. It extended provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> regarding citizenship and <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a> to the state, in addition to the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>. Agreements were also reached on issues of abolishing the monarchy, as well as the state being allowed a separate flag and official language. The Delhi Agreement spelt out the relationship between the central government and the state through recognizing the autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir, while also declaring it as an integral part of India and granting the central government control of several subjects that were not a part of the instrument of accession.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government of Jammu and Kashmir quickly moved to adopt the provisions of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recommendations of the Drafting Committee on the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir regarding the monarchy were accepted by the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir on 21 August 1952. The <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Constitution_Act_1939" title="Jammu and Kashmir Constitution Act 1939">Jammu and Kashmir Constitution Act 1939</a> was amended in November 1952 to adopt the resolutions and the monarchy was officially abolished on 12 November. The regent <a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a> was formally elected as the <i>Sadar-i-Riyasat</i> or head of state by the Constituent Assembly and was later recognized by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amendments incorporating the provisions into the state constitution entered into force on 17 November.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integration_with_India">Integration with India</h3></div> <p>Abdullah however sought to make Article 370 permanent and began calling for the secession of the state from India, which led to his arrest in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bakshi_Ghulam_Mohammad" title="Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad">Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad</a> then became the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. The Constituent Assembly of the state passed a resolution in February 1954, extending some provisions of the Constitution of India and formally ratifying the accession of the state to India per the Instrument of Accession. A <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Presidential Order</a> was passed on 14 May 1954 to implement the Delhi Agreement, drawing its validity from the resolution of the Constituent Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir">Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir</a> was adopted on 17 November 1956 and came into force on 26 January 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, the state constituent assembly dissolved itself and <a href="/wiki/1957_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">elections</a> were held for the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">legislative assembly</a> in 1957, with the National Conference winning 68 out of 75 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956–57, China constructed a road through the disputed <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> area of Ladakh. India's belated discovery of this road culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a> of 1962; China has since administered Aksai Chin.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-kashmir_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-kashmir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>, India and Pakistan signed the <a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a>, recognising a <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> in Kashmir, and committing to a peaceful resolution of the dispute through <a href="/wiki/India-Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Pakistan relations">bilateral negotiations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1964, the Indian government extended provisions of Articles 356 and 357 of the Constitution of India, which allowed for <a href="/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule">President's rule</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Hafeez_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafeez-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1965, the legislative assembly approved renaming the positions of <i>Sadar-i-Riyasat</i> to <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Jammu and Kashmir">Governor</a> and <i>Wazir-i-Azam</i> (Prime Minister) to <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir">Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir</a>. Though the change had no actual effect on the legal structure of the state, it conveyed that the government of Jammu and Kashmir was equal to that of any other Indian state.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Nehru releasing the imprisoned Abdullah in April 1964 to initiate dialogue with Pakistan, it viewed these developments as leading to the inseparability of Jammu and Kashmir from India and launched an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1965">armed conflict</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hafeez_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafeez-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infiltrating Kashmir during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gibraltar" title="Operation Gibraltar">Operation Gibraltar</a> in August 1965. However, it ultimately failed in its objective and both countries returned to the status quo after the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_Declaration" title="Tashkent Declaration">Tashkent Declaration</a> of 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammed_Sadiq" title="Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq">Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq</a> meanwhile rapidly extended many provisions of the Indian Constitution to further integrate the state into India.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The failure of Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/1971_Indo-Pakistani_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Indo-Pakistani war">1971 Indo-Pakistani war</a> weakened the Kashmiri nationalist movement and Abdullah dropped demands of secession. Under the <a href="/wiki/Indira%E2%80%93Sheikh_Accord" title="Indira–Sheikh Accord">Indira–Sheikh Accord</a> of 1975, he recognised the region as a part of India, the state legislature requiring the approval of the President to make laws, and the Parliament of India being able to promulgate laws against secessionism. In return, Article 370 was left untouched and Abdullah became the Chief Minister of the state. The region remained mostly peaceful until his death in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir_insurgency">Kashmir insurgency</h3></div> <p>In the late 1980s, discontent over the high-handed policies of the union government and allegations of the rigging of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> triggered a violent uprising and <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">armed insurgency</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was backed by Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield_3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan claimed to be giving its "moral and diplomatic" support to the separatist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2015_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2015-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> has been accused by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and the international community of supporting, supplying arms and training <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph.co.uk_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph.co.uk-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to fight in Jammu and Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-Talib_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talib-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph.co.uk_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph.co.uk-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> admitted that Pakistan had supported and trained insurgent groups in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India has repeatedly called Pakistan to end its "cross-border terrorism" in Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2015_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2015-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1989, a prolonged, bloody conflict between the Islamic militant separatists and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> took place, both of whom have been accused of widespread <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir">human rights abuses</a>, including abductions, massacres, rapes and armed robbery.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several new militant groups with radical Islamic views emerged and changed the ideological emphasis of the movement to Islamic. This was facilitated by a large influx of Islamic "Jihadi" fighters (mujahadeen) who had entered the Kashmir valley following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2015_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2015-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1999, 94 out of the 97 subjects in the Union List and 260 out of 395 articles of the Constitution of India had become applicable in the state, though it retained some of its autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 370 had meanwhile become mostly symbolic.<sup id="cite_ref-Waseem_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waseem-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg/220px-Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg/330px-Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg/440px-Police_in_Kashmir_confronting_violent_protestors_December_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Police and protesters confronting each other in Kashmir, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Kashmir_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Kashmir unrest">2008 Kashmir unrest</a>, secessionist movements in the region were boosted.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Kashmir_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–17 Kashmir unrest">2016–17 Kashmir unrest</a> resulted in the death of over 90 civilians and the injury of over 15,000.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six policemen, including a sub-inspector were killed in an ambush in Anantnag in June 2017, by trespassing militants of the Pakistan-based <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Toiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lashkar-e-Toiba">Lashkar-e-Toiba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/2019_Pulwama_attack" title="2019 Pulwama attack">attack</a> on an Indian police convoy in Pulwama, in February 2019, resulted in the deaths of 40 police officers. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by a Pakistan-backed militant group <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IT_everything_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IT_everything-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h3></div> <p>In August 2019, both houses of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> passed resolutions to <a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">amend Article 370</a> and extend the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> in its entirety to the state, which was implemented as a constitutional order by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Venkataramanan_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venkataramanan-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-co272_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co272-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the parliament also passed the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019</a>, which contained provisions that dissolved the state of Jammu and Kashmir and established two new <a href="/wiki/Union_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territories">union territories</a>: the eponymous union territory of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, and that of <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Express_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Express-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reorganisation act was assented to by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, and came into effect on 31 October 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazette2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to these measures, the union government locked down the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>, increased security forces, imposed <a href="/wiki/Section_144" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 144">Section 144</a> that prevented assembly, and placed political leaders such as former Jammu and Kashmir chief ministers <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mehbooba_Mufti" title="Mehbooba Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</a> under house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet and phone services were also blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-Ratcliffe_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratcliffe-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/220px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/330px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg/440px-Jammu-Kashmir-Ladakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>The Divisions of Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Division">Kashmir</a> (green), <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> (orange) and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> (blue)</figcaption></figure> <p>The state of Jammu and Kashmir consisted of three <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of India">divisions</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu Division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Division">Kashmir Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> which are further divided into 22 districts.<sup id="cite_ref-MHA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MHA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>, while under Indian military control, did not lie under the administration of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandipora_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandipora district">Bandipora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganderbal_district" title="Ganderbal district">Ganderbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulgam_district" title="Kulgam district">Kulgam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shopian_district" title="Shopian district">Shopian</a> were districts formed in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-MHA_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MHA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th rowspan="2">Division </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th rowspan="2">Headquarters </th> <th>Before 2007<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">After 2007 </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Area <br />(sq miles) </th> <th>Rural Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Urban Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Source <br />for area </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathua" title="Kathua">Kathua</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,651 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,502 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">966 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,458.84 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.16 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu (city)">Jammu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,097 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,342 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,089.87 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">252.13 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samba,_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba, Jammu">Samba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">349 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">865.24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.76 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,550 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,637 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,018 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,593.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.72 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reasi" title="Reasi">Reasi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,719 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">664 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,679.99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.01 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajouri" title="Rajouri">Rajouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,630 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,630 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,015 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,608.11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.89 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir">Poonch district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonch_(town)" title="Poonch (town)">Poonch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,674 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,674 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">646 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,649.92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.08 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doda,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Doda, Jammu and Kashmir">Doda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,691 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,912 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,441 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,892.25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.75 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramban_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)">Ramban</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,329 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">513 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,313.92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.08 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,644 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">635 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,643.37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.63 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightblue; vertical-align:top;"> <td>Total for division </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,293 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26,293 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10,152 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25,794.95 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">498.05 </td> <td>calculated </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir valley">Kashmir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_district" title="Anantnag district">Anantnag district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anantnag" title="Anantnag">Anantnag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,984 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,574 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,380 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,475.76 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98.24 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kulgam_district" title="Kulgam district">Kulgam district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">410 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">158 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">360.20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.80 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulwama_district" title="Pulwama district">Pulwama district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,398 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,086 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">419 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,047.45 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.55 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Shopian_district" title="Shopian district">Shopian district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">312 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">120 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">306.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.44 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Budgam_district" title="Budgam district">Budgam district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,371 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,361 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">525 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,311.95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.05 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_district" title="Srinagar district">Srinagar district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,228 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,979 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">764 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,684.42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">294.53 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal_district" title="Ganderbal district">Ganderbal district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">259 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">233.60 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.40 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandipora_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandipora district">Bandipora district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipora</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">new district </td> <td style="text-align:right;">345 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">133 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">295.37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.63 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_district" title="Baramulla district">Baramulla district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baramulla" title="Baramulla">Baramulla</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,588 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,243 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,638 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,179.44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.56 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kupwara_district" title="Kupwara district">Kupwara district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,379 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,379 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">919 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,331.66 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.34 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightblue; vertical-align:top;"> <td>Total for division </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,948 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,948 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,158 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,226.41 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">721.54 </td> <td>calculated </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kargil_district" title="Kargil district">Kargil district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kargil_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Kargil town">Kargil</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,036 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,036 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,419 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,033.86 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.14 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Leh_district" title="Leh district">Leh district</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,110 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,110 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,417 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,085.99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.01 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightblue; vertical-align:top;"> <td>Total for division </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">59,146 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">59,146 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22,836 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">59,119.85 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26.15 </td> <td>calculated </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="3">Total </td> <td style="text-align:center;">101,387 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">101,387 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">39,146 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100,141.21 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,245.74 </td> <td>calculated </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,560,976</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,616,632</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,987,389</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,837,051</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10,143,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+29.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,541,302</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-censusindia1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 363.74192538776px; border-left-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Cyan"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 315.16359965044px; border-left-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 270.79984107415px; border-left-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Tomato"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 234.71911238755px; border-left-color:DarkSlateBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkSlateBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkSlateBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 205.43063343015px; border-left-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGoldenrod"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 158.45363703077px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 115.02062199939px; border-left-color:Salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 38.218287464799px; border-left-color:MediumVioletRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:MediumVioletRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:MediumVioletRed"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.935003233802px 20.217199153077px 0 0; border-top-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:10.786054499306px 99.41660338363px 0 0; border-top-color:LightGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightGreen"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Jammu & Kashmir: mother-tongue of population, according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightGreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> (51.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indigo; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> (20.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:MediumVioletRed; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gojri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri language">Gojri</a> (9.05%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Salmon; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pahari_language" title="Pahari language">Pahari</a> (7.80%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> (2.43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGoldenrod; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (1.75%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkSlateBlue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Bauti</a> (0.80%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Tomato; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bhadrawahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrawahi language">Bhadrawahi</a> (0.78%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGreen; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Purki language">Purki</a> (0.74%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Cyan; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sarazi_language" title="Sarazi language">Sarazi</a> (0.62%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (4.27%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Jammu and Kashmir was the only state in India with a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>-majority population.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a> held in 1961, the first to be conducted after the formation of the state, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was practised by 68.31% of the population, while 28.45% followed <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The proportion of population that practised Islam fell to 64.19% by 1981 but recovered afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2011 census, the last to be conducted in the state, Islam was practised by about 68.3% of the state population, while 28.4% followed Hinduism and small minorities followed <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (1.9%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.9%) and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (0.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2017 report by the Centre for Policy, it was noted that the <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> (TFR) of the Muslims of the Kashmir Valley increased from 2.6 to 3.9 between the <a href="/wiki/2001_census_of_India" title="2001 census of India">2001</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011</a> census, whereas in the rest of the state it tended to decrease, among the Hindus of the Kashmir Valley (2.18 to 2.02), the Hindus of Jammu (2.19 to 2.03) but also the Muslims of Jammu (3.45 to 2.88), analysts thus asserting that the rise of the TFR among the Kashmir Valley's Muslims is explained by militancy.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2></div> <p>The state's official language was <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, which occupied a central space in media, education, religious and political discourses and the legislature of Jammu and Kashmir; the language functioned as a symbol of identity among Muslims of South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first language of less than 1% of the population, it was regarded as a "neutral" and non-native language of the multilingual region, and broadly accepted by Kashmiri Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pandharipande_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandharipande-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dominant position of Urdu has been criticised for rendering Kashmiri into a functional "minority language", effectively restricting its use to households and family.<sup id="cite_ref-Pandharipande_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandharipande-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KachruKachru2008_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KachruKachru2008-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most widely spoken language is <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, the mother tongue of 53% of the population according to the 2011 census. Other major languages include <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> (20%), <a href="/wiki/Gojri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri language">Gojri</a> (9.1%), <a href="/wiki/Pahari_language_(Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahari language (Kashmir)">Pahari</a> (7.8%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (2.4%), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (1.8%),<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-C16_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-C16-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhadarwahi_language" title="Bhadarwahi language">Bhadarwahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brokskat" title="Brokskat">Brokskat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changthang" class="mw-redirect" title="Changthang">Changthang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Purik language">Purik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhgal" title="Sheikhgal">Sheikhgal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiti_Bhoti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiti Bhoti language">Spiti Bhoti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zangskari_language" title="Zangskari language">Zangskari</a>. Additionally, several other languages, predominantly found in neighbouring regions, are also spoken by communities within Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Bhattiyali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhattiyali language">Bhattiyali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chambeali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambeali language">Chambeali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Churahi language">Churahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaddi_language" title="Gaddi language">Gaddi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahul_Lohar_language" title="Lahul Lohar language">Lahul Lohar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangwali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangwali language">Pangwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pattani_language" title="Pattani language">Pattani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <p>Jammu and Kashmir was the only state in India which had special autonomy under <a href="/wiki/Article_370" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 370">Article 370</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, according to which no law enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>, except for those in the field of defence, communication and foreign policy, would be extendable in Jammu and Kashmir unless it was ratified by the state legislature of Jammu and Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state was able to define the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residents_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residents (Jammu and Kashmir)">permanent residents</a> of the state who alone had the privilege to vote in state elections, the right to seek government jobs and the ability to own land or property in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state to have its own official <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Flag of Jammu and Kashmir">state flag</a>, along with India's <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">national flag</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hindu_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to a separate constitution. Designed by the then ruling National Conference, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir featured a <a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">plough</a> on a red background symbolising labour; it replaced the Maharaja's state flag. The three stripes represented the three distinct administrative divisions of the state, namely Jammu, Valley of Kashmir, and Ladakh.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like all the states of India, Jammu and Kashmir had a multi-party democratic system of governance and had a bicameral legislature. At the time of drafting the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, 100 seats were earmarked for direct elections from territorial constituencies. Of these, 25 seats were reserved for the areas of Jammu and Kashmir state that came under Pakistani control; this was reduced to 24 after the 12th amendment of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a <a href="/wiki/Delimitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Delimitation">delimitation</a> in 1988, the total number of seats increased to 111, of which 87 were within Indian-administered territory.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jammu and Kashmir Assembly had a 6-year term, in contrast to the norm of a 5-year term followed in every other state assemblies.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>-led government in the state intended to amend the term to bring parity with the other states.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_provisions">Central provisions</h3></div> <p>In 1990, an <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_(Special_Powers)_Act" title="Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act">Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act</a> of India, which gave special powers to the Indian security forces, including the detaining of individuals for up to two years without presenting charges, was enforced in Jammu and Kashmir,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a decision which drew criticism from <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and Amnesty International for violating human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security forces claimed that many missing people were not detained, but had crossed into Pakistan-administered Kashmir to engage in militancy.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <p>The economy of Jammu and Kashmir was predominantly dependent on agriculture and related activities.<sup id="cite_ref-SDR3A_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDR3A-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horticulture played a vital role in the economic development of the state; produce included apples, apricots, cherries, pears, plums, almonds and walnuts.<sup id="cite_ref-SDR4_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDR4-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda district</a>, rich in high-grade <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphire</a>, had active mines until the 1989 insurgency; in 1998, the government discovered that smugglers had occupied these mines and stolen much of the resource.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrial development was constrained by the extreme mountainous landscape and power shortage.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, tourism is an important industry for Jammu and Kashmir, accounting for about 7% to its economy.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jammu and Kashmir was one of the largest recipients of grants from India; in 2004, this amounted to US$812 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Eco_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eco-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism, which was integral to the economy, witnessed a decline owing to the insurgency, but foreign tourism later rebounded, and in 2009, the state was one among the top tourist destinations in India.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy was also benefited by <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> pilgrims who visited the shrines of <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath Temple</a> annually.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government had reiterated its advise against all travel to Jammu and Kashmir in 2013, with certain exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_White_Paper_on_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian White Paper on Jammu and Kashmir">Indian White Paper on Jammu and Kashmir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources that detail human right abuses in Jammu and Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_military_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_military-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield_4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW_militants_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_militants-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shujaat_Bukhari_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shujaat_Bukhari-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-P.L._AIMA_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P.L._AIMA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tahir_Nadeem_Khan_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tahir_Nadeem_Khan-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kanchan_Gupta_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanchan_Gupta-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This anomaly arose because Jammu and Kashmir accepted the provision in the <a href="/wiki/Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India</a> but did not accept its repeal in the <a href="/wiki/Forty-Fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">Forty-fourth Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced variably as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JAM</span>-oo</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JUM</span>-oo</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EPD_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced variably as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KASH</span>-meer</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kash-<span style="font-size:90%">MEER</span></i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EPD_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Darbar_Move-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darbar_Move_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_Hindu_Net_Desk2017" class="citation news cs1">The Hindu Net Desk (8 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/what-is-the-darbar-move-in-j-k-all-about/article18409452.ece">"What is the Darbar Move in J&K all about?"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110135648/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/what-is-the-darbar-move-in-j-k-all-about/article18409452.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Darbar+Move+in+J%26K+all+about%3F&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.au=The+Hindu+Net+Desk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fwhat-is-the-darbar-move-in-j-k-all-about%2Farticle18409452.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/satya-pal-malik-sworn-in-as-jammu-and-kashmir-governor/articleshow/65512757.cms">"Satya Pal Malik sworn in as Jammu and Kashmir governor"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. Press Trust of India. 23 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823110106/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/satya-pal-malik-sworn-in-as-jammu-and-kashmir-governor/articleshow/65512757.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Satya+Pal+Malik+sworn+in+as+Jammu+and+Kashmir+governor&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fsatya-pal-malik-sworn-in-as-jammu-and-kashmir-governor%2Farticleshow%2F65512757.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjp-pdp-alliance-ends-in-jammu-and-kashmir-live-updates-modi-govt-did-everything-to-normalise-situation-says-ram-madhav-4542011.html">"BJP-PDP alliance ends in Jammu and Kashmir LIVE updates: Mehbooba Mufti resigns as chief minister; Governor's Rule in state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Firstpost" title="Firstpost">Firstpost</a></i>. 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=BJP-PDP+alliance+ends+in+Jammu+and+Kashmir+LIVE+updates%3A+Mehbooba+Mufti+resigns+as+chief+minister%3B+Governor%27s+Rule+in+state&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fbjp-pdp-alliance-ends-in-jammu-and-kashmir-live-updates-modi-govt-did-everything-to-normalise-situation-says-ram-madhav-4542011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPD-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPD_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPD_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-12-539683-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-12-539683-8"><bdi>978-3-12-539683-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-12-539683-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-jammu-kashmir-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica-jammu-kashmir_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhtarKirk" class="citation cs2">Akhtar, Rais; Kirk, William, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir"><i>Jammu and Kashmir, State, India</i></a>, Encyclopaedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir%2C+State%2C+India&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Akhtar&rft.aufirst=Rais&rft.au=Kirk%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FJammu-and-Kashmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span> (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir, state of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges. The state is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osmańczyk2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osmańczyk2003_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmańczyk2003" class="citation cs2">Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191"><i>Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93922-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+Nations+and+International+Agreements%3A+G+to+M&rft.pages=1191-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93922-5&rft.aulast=Osma%C5%84czyk&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfSIMXHMdfkkC%26pg%3DPA1191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/article-370-to-be-scrapped-jk-will-ceases-to-be-a-state-2-union-territories-created/articleshow/70531899.cms">"Jammu Kashmir Article 370: Govt revokes Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir, bifurcates state into two Union Territories"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. PTI. 5 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805100108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/article-370-to-be-scrapped-jk-will-ceases-to-be-a-state-2-union-territories-created/articleshow/70531899.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Jammu+Kashmir+Article+370%3A+Govt+revokes+Article+370+from+Jammu+and+Kashmir%2C+bifurcates+state+into+two+Union+Territories&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Farticle-370-to-be-scrapped-jk-will-ceases-to-be-a-state-2-union-territories-created%2Farticleshow%2F70531899.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-kashmir-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica-kashmir_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica-kashmir_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">"Kashmir – region, Indian subcontinent"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005093248/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kashmir+%E2%80%93+region%2C+Indian+subcontinent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJyoti_Bhushan_Daz_Gupta2012" class="citation book cs1">Jyoti Bhushan Daz Gupta (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA184"><i>Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401192316" title="Special:BookSources/9789401192316"><bdi>9789401192316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=9789401192316&rft.au=Jyoti+Bhushan+Daz+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdpTpCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waseem-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waseem_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waseem_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaseem_Ahmad_Sofi2021" class="citation book cs1">Waseem Ahmad Sofi (18 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtwzEAAAQBAJ&pg=79"><i>Autonomy of a State in a Federation: A Special Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">79–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811610196" title="Special:BookSources/9789811610196"><bdi>9789811610196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+of+a+State+in+a+Federation%3A+A+Special+Case+Study+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft.isbn=9789811610196&rft.au=Waseem+Ahmad+Sofi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtwzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVipul_MaheshwariAnil_Maheshwari2022" class="citation book cs1">Vipul Maheshwari; Anil Maheshwari (28 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RBBfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT124"><i>The Power of the Ballot: Travail and Triumph in the Elections</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789354353611" title="Special:BookSources/9789354353611"><bdi>9789354353611</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+the+Ballot%3A+Travail+and+Triumph+in+the+Elections&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.isbn=9789354353611&rft.au=Vipul+Maheshwari&rft.au=Anil+Maheshwari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRBBfEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaseem_Ahmad_Sofi2021" class="citation book cs1">Waseem Ahmad Sofi (17 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtwzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>Autonomy of a State in a Federation: A Special Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811610196" title="Special:BookSources/9789811610196"><bdi>9789811610196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+of+a+State+in+a+Federation%3A+A+Special+Case+Study+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.isbn=9789811610196&rft.au=Waseem+Ahmad+Sofi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtwzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJyoti_Bhusan_Das_Gupta2012" class="citation book cs1">Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA200"><i>Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401192316" title="Special:BookSources/9789401192316"><bdi>9789401192316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=9789401192316&rft.au=Jyoti+Bhusan+Das+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdpTpCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaseem_Ahmad_Sofi2021" class="citation book cs1">Waseem Ahmad Sofi (17 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtwzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>Autonomy of a State in a Federation: A Special Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811610196" title="Special:BookSources/9789811610196"><bdi>9789811610196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+of+a+State+in+a+Federation%3A+A+Special+Case+Study+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.isbn=9789811610196&rft.au=Waseem+Ahmad+Sofi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtwzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaya_SagarDaya_Ram2020" class="citation book cs1">Daya Sagar; Daya Ram (15 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W2tsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222"><i>Jammu & Kashmir: A Victim</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Prakashan" title="Prabhat Prakashan">Prabhat Prakashan</a>. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184303131" title="Special:BookSources/9788184303131"><bdi>9788184303131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+A+Victim&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.isbn=9788184303131&rft.au=Daya+Sagar&rft.au=Daya+Ram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW2tsCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBibhu_Prasad_Routray2012" class="citation book cs1">Bibhu Prasad Routray (2012). Michelle Ann Miller (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bwqe_JdLDUYC&pg=PA179"><i>Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia</i></a>. Chapter: Autonomy and Armed Separatism in Jammu and Kashmir. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814379977" title="Special:BookSources/9789814379977"><bdi>9789814379977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+and+Armed+Separatism+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789814379977&rft.au=Bibhu+Prasad+Routray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbwqe_JdLDUYC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._G._Noorani2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Noorani" title="A. G. Noorani">A. G. Noorani</a> (5 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BIAyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT712"><i>Constitutional Questions and Citizens' Rights: An Omnibus Comprising Constitutional Questions in India: The President, Parliament and the States and Citizens' Rights, Judges and State Accountability</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 712. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908778-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908778-5"><bdi>978-0-19-908778-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Questions+and+Citizens%27+Rights%3A+An+Omnibus+Comprising+Constitutional+Questions+in+India%3A+The+President%2C+Parliament+and+the+States+and+Citizens%27+Rights%2C+Judges+and+State+Accountability&rft.pages=712&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-12-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-908778-5&rft.au=A.+G.+Noorani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBIAyDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schofield-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schofield_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchofield2003">Schofield 2003</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFozia_Nazir_Lone2018" class="citation book cs1">Fozia Nazir Lone (17 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EmhjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250"><i>Historical Title, Self-Determination and the Kashmir Question</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004359994" title="Special:BookSources/9789004359994"><bdi>9789004359994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Title%2C+Self-Determination+and+the+Kashmir+Question&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft.isbn=9789004359994&rft.au=Fozia+Nazir+Lone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmhjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumantra_Bose2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Sumantra Bose</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BK9FEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA39"><i>Kashmir at the Crossroads: Inside a 21st-Century Conflict</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300256871" title="Special:BookSources/9780300256871"><bdi>9780300256871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+at+the+Crossroads%3A+Inside+a+21st-Century+Conflict&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780300256871&rft.au=Sumantra+Bose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBK9FEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition-m.cnn.com/2013/11/08/world/kashmir-fast-facts/index.html?r=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2F">"Kashmir Fast Facts"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 8 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Kashmir+Fast+Facts&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition-m.cnn.com%2F2013%2F11%2F08%2Fworld%2Fkashmir-fast-facts%2Findex.html%3Fr%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.co.in%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hafeez-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hafeez_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hafeez_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHafeez_Malik2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hafeez_Malik" title="Hafeez Malik">Hafeez Malik</a> (27 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yca-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA184"><i>India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The Covert War in Kashmir, 1947-2004</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349105731" title="Special:BookSources/9781349105731"><bdi>9781349105731</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%2C+Pakistan+and+the+Secret+Jihad%3A+The+Covert+War+in+Kashmir%2C+1947-2004&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.isbn=9781349105731&rft.au=Hafeez+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYca-DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPraveen_Swami2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Swami" title="Praveen Swami">Praveen Swami</a> (19 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z2l9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69"><i>India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad: The Covert War in Kashmir, 1947-2004</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134137527" title="Special:BookSources/9781134137527"><bdi>9781134137527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%2C+Pakistan+and+the+Secret+Jihad%3A+The+Covert+War+in+Kashmir%2C+1947-2004&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-10-19&rft.isbn=9781134137527&rft.au=Praveen+Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz2l9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_J._Webb2012" class="citation book cs1">Matthew J. Webb (13 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud_fCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40"><i>Kashmir's Right to Secede: A Critical Examination of Contemporary Theories of Secession</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136451454" title="Special:BookSources/9781136451454"><bdi>9781136451454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%27s+Right+to+Secede%3A+A+Critical+Examination+of+Contemporary+Theories+of+Secession&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.isbn=9781136451454&rft.au=Matthew+J.+Webb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUd_fCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaseem_Ahmed_Sofi2021" class="citation book cs1">Waseem Ahmed Sofi (17 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtwzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA127"><i>Autonomy of a State in a Federation: A Special Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811610196" title="Special:BookSources/9789811610196"><bdi>9789811610196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+of+a+State+in+a+Federation%3A+A+Special+Case+Study+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.isbn=9789811610196&rft.au=Waseem+Ahmed+Sofi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtwzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaushik_Roy2017" class="citation book cs1">Kaushik Roy (2 March 2017). <a href="/wiki/Scott_Gates_(academic)" title="Scott Gates (academic)">Scott Gates</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PEBBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT149"><i>Autonomy of a State in a Federation: A Special Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351877091" title="Special:BookSources/9781351877091"><bdi>9781351877091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomy+of+a+State+in+a+Federation%3A+A+Special+Case+Study+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft.isbn=9781351877091&rft.au=Kaushik+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPEBBDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schofield_1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schofield_1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchofield2003">Schofield 2003</a>, p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126044335/http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/1987-1998_detailed.shtml">"1989 Insurgency"</a>. Kashmirlibrary.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kashmirlibrary.org/kashmir_timeline/kashmir_chapters/1987-1998_detailed.shtml">the original</a> on 26 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1989+Insurgency&rft.pub=Kashmirlibrary.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kashmirlibrary.org%2Fkashmir_timeline%2Fkashmir_chapters%2F1987-1998_detailed.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1720/17200800.htm">"Contours of militancy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222035446/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1989.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=India+Pakistan+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fsouth_asia%2F2002%2Findia_pakistan%2Ftimeline%2F1989.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2006" class="citation news cs1">Ali, Mahmud (9 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6033383.stm">"Pakistan's shadowy secret service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221224921/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6033383.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan%27s+shadowy+secret+service&rft.date=2006-10-09&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Mahmud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F6033383.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph.co.uk-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph.co.uk_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph.co.uk_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2006" class="citation news cs1">Rashid, Ahmed (6 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1530756/Natos-top-brass-accuse-Pakistan-over-Taliban-aid.html">"Nato's top brass accuse Pakistan over Taliban aid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222113552/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1530756/Natos-top-brass-accuse-Pakistan-over-Taliban-aid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nato%27s+top+brass+accuse+Pakistan+over+Taliban+aid&rft.date=2006-10-06&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2F1530756%2FNatos-top-brass-accuse-Pakistan-over-Taliban-aid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Talib-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Talib_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGall2007" class="citation news cs1">Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/asia/21quetta.html">"At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231131515/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/asia/21quetta.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Border%2C+Signs+of+Pakistani+Role+in+Taliban+Surge&rft.date=2007-01-21&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F21%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F21quetta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJehlDuggerBarringer2002" class="citation news cs1">Jehl, Douglas; Dugger, Celia W.; Barringer, Felicity (25 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/25/world/nation-challenged-suspects-death-reporter-puts-focus-pakistan-intelligence-unit.html">"Death of Reporter Puts Focus On Pakistan Intelligence Unit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502010653/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/25/world/nation-challenged-suspects-death-reporter-puts-focus-pakistan-intelligence-unit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+of+Reporter+Puts+Focus+On+Pakistan+Intelligence+Unit&rft.date=2002-02-25&rft.aulast=Jehl&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Dugger%2C+Celia+W.&rft.au=Barringer%2C+Felicity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F02%2F25%2Fworld%2Fnation-challenged-suspects-death-reporter-puts-focus-pakistan-intelligence-unit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-supported-trained-terror-groups-pervez-musharraf-115102800015_1.html">"Pakistan supported, trained terror groups: Pervez Musharraf"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. 28 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605051514/http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/pakistan-supported-trained-terror-groups-pervez-musharraf-115102800015_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Pakistan+supported%2C+trained+terror+groups%3A+Pervez+Musharraf&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Finternational%2Fpakistan-supported-trained-terror-groups-pervez-musharraf-115102800015_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW_military-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_military_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2006/india0906/2.htm#_Toc144362271">"India: "Everyone Lives in Fear": Patterns of Impunity in Jammu and Kashmir: I. Summary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080522132246/http://hrw.org/reports/2006/india0906/2.htm#_Toc144362271">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+%22Everyone+Lives+in+Fear%22%3A+Patterns+of+Impunity+in+Jammu+and+Kashmir%3A+I.+Summary&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Freports%2F2006%2Findia0906%2F2.htm%23_Toc144362271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509060306/http://indiatogether.org/peace/kashmir/articles/indhr.htm">"India and Human Rights in Kashmir – The Myth – India Together"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatogether.org/peace/kashmir/articles/indhr.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+and+Human+Rights+in+Kashmir+%E2%80%93+The+Myth+%E2%80%93+India+Together&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatogether.org%2Fpeace%2Fkashmir%2Farticles%2Findhr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schofield_4-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schofield_4_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchofield2003">Schofield 2003</a>, pp. 148, 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW_militants-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_militants_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2006/india0906/7.htm#_Toc144362296">"India: "Everyone Lives in Fear": Patterns of Impunity in Jammu and Kashmir: VI. Militant Abuses"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527144336/http://hrw.org/reports/2006/india0906/7.htm#_Toc144362296">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+%22Everyone+Lives+in+Fear%22%3A+Patterns+of+Impunity+in+Jammu+and+Kashmir%3A+VI.+Militant+Abuses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Freports%2F2006%2Findia0906%2F7.htm%23_Toc144362296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/1940088.stm">"Kashmir troops held after rape"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218120041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/1940088.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kashmir+troops+held+after+rape&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F1940088.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shujaat_Bukhari-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shujaat_Bukhari_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325203907/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/24/stories/2010032461230900.htm">"219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai, India. 24 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/24/stories/2010032461230900.htm">the original</a> on 25 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>. <q>The Jammu and Kashmir government on Tuesday said 219 Kashmiri Pandits were killed by militants since 1989 while 24,202 families were among the total 38,119 families which migrated out of the Valley due to turmoil</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=219+Kashmiri+Pandits+killed+by+militants+since+1989&rft.date=2010-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2010%2F03%2F24%2Fstories%2F2010032461230900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P.L._AIMA-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P.L._AIMA_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124175152/http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Nov/12/not-myth-but-the-truth-of-migration-23.asp">"Not myth, but the truth of migration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Nov/12/not-myth-but-the-truth-of-migration-23.asp">the original</a> on 24 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>. <q>The Pandits have preserved the threat letters sent to them. They have the audio and video evidence to show what happened. They have preserved the local newspapers through which they were warned to leave the Valley within 48 hours. This evidence also include still photographs of Pandits killed by militants and the desecrated temples.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+myth%2C+but+the+truth+of+migration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreaterkashmir.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2FNov%2F12%2Fnot-myth-but-the-truth-of-migration-23.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tahir_Nadeem_Khan-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tahir_Nadeem_Khan_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pregnant-woman-in-doda-accuses-lashkar-militants-of-gang-raping-her-repeatedly_100151075.html">"Pregnant woman in Doda accuses Lashkar militants of gang raping her repeatedly"</a>. The Indian News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322101302/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pregnant-woman-in-doda-accuses-lashkar-militants-of-gang-raping-her-repeatedly_100151075.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>. <q>A 31-year-old pregnant Gujjar woman has told police at the Baderwah Police Station in Jammu and Kashmir's Doda District that she was repeatedly gang raped by Lashkar-e-Toiba militants for two months.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pregnant+woman+in+Doda+accuses+Lashkar+militants+of+gang+raping+her+repeatedly&rft.pub=The+Indian+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaindian.com%2Fnewsportal%2Findia-news%2Fpregnant-woman-in-doda-accuses-lashkar-militants-of-gang-raping-her-repeatedly_100151075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanchan_Gupta-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kanchan_Gupta_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/19kanch.htm">"19/01/90: When Kashmiri Pandits fled Islamic terror"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126101005/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/19kanch.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2007</span>. <q>Notices are pasted on doors of Pandit houses, peremptorily asking the occupants to leave Kashmir within 24 hours or face death and worse... In the preceding months, 300 Hindu men and women, nearly all of them Kashmiri Pandits, had been slaughtered following the brutal murder of Pandit Tika Lal Taploo, noted lawyer and BJP national executive member, by the JKLF in Srinagar on September 14, 1989. Soon after that, Justice N K Ganju of the Srinagar high court was shot dead. Pandit Sarwanand Premi, 80-year-old poet, and his son were kidnapped, tortured, their eyes gouged out, and hanged to death. A Kashmiri Pandit nurse working at the Soura Medical College Hospital in Srinagar was gang-raped and then beaten to death. Another woman was abducted, raped and sliced into bits and pieces at a sawmill.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19%2F01%2F90%3A+When+Kashmiri+Pandits+fled+Islamic+terror&rft.pub=Rediff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Fjan%2F19kanch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerner_MenskiMuneeb_Yousuf2021" class="citation book cs1">Werner Menski; Muneeb Yousuf, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Jammu%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=13%2C+51%2C+116&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0121_PART_A_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0121_PART_B_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf">District Census Handbook Jammu, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 13, 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116055111/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0121_PART_B_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Jammu%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=13%2C+24&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0121_PART_B_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0122_PART_A_DCHB_SAMBA.pdf">District Census Handbook Samba, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 34, 36, 100. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054240/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0122_PART_A_DCHB_SAMBA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Reasi%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=9%2C+37%2C+88&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0120_PART_A_DCHB_REASI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0120_PART_B_DCHB_REASI.pdf">District Census Handbook Reasi, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 9, 13, 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116055054/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0120_PART_B_DCHB_REASI.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Rajouri%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=11%2C+107&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0106_PART_A_DCHB_RAJOURI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0106_PART_B_DCHB_RAJOURI.pdf">District Census Handbook Rajouri, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 9, 10, 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054900/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0106_PART_B_DCHB_RAJOURI.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Punch%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=11%2C+13%2C+24&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0105_PART_B_DCHB_PUNCH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0116_PART_B_DCHB_DODA.pdf">District Census Handbook Doda, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 12, 99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054946/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0116_PART_B_DCHB_DODA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Doda%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=9%2C+12%2C+99&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0116_PART_B_DCHB_DODA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0117_PART_B_DCHB_RAMBAN.pdf">District Census Handbook Ramban, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 10, 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116055000/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0117_PART_B_DCHB_RAMBAN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Ramban%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=10%2C+12&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0117_PART_B_DCHB_RAMBAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0118_PART_B_DCHB_KISHTWAR.pdf">District Census Handbook Kishtwar, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 10, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116055015/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0118_PART_B_DCHB_KISHTWAR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Kishtwar%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=9%2C+10%2C+22&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0118_PART_B_DCHB_KISHTWAR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part B page 9 says the rural area is 1643.65 km<sup>2</sup>, whilst pages 10 and 22 says 1643.37 km<sup>2</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf">District Census Handbook Anantnag, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053354/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Anantnag%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0114_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf">District Census Handbook Anantnag, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. pp. 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054309/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0114_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Anantnag%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=12%2C+22&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0114_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0115_PART_A_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf">District Census Handbook Kulgam, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053742/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0115_PART_A_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Kulgam%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0115_PART_A_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0115_PART_B_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf">District Census Handbook Kulgam, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054749/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0115_PART_B_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Kulgam%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=12%2C+22&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0115_PART_B_DCHB_KULGAM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part B page 12 says the area of the district is 404 km<sup>2</sup>, but page 22 says 410 km<sup>2</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf">District Census Handbook Pulwama, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054654/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Pulwama%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=12%2C+22&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0113_PART_A_DCHB_SHUPIYAN.pdf">District Census Handbook Shupiyan, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053726/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0113_PART_A_DCHB_SHUPIYAN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Shupiyan%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0113_PART_A_DCHB_SHUPIYAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf">District Census Handbook Shupiyan, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054712/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Shupiyan%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=12%2C+22&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part B pages 12 and 22 say the district area is 312.00 km<sup>2</sup>, but Part A page 10 says 307.42 km<sup>2</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf">District Census Handbook Badgam, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. pp. 10, 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053410/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Badgam%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=10%2C+46&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf">District Census Handbook Badgam, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 11, 12, 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054333/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Badgam%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=11%2C+12%2C+22&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part A says the district area is 1371 km<sup>2</sup>, Part B says 1371 km<sup>2</sup> (page 11) and 1361 km<sup>2</sup> (page 12s and 22).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0110_PART_A_DCHB_SRINAGAR.pdf">District Census Handbook Srinagar, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. pp. 11, 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053602/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0110_PART_A_DCHB_SRINAGAR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Srinagar%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=11%2C+48&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0110_PART_A_DCHB_SRINAGAR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part A page 48 says the district area was 2228.0 km<sup>2</sup> in 2001 and 1978.95 km<sup>2</sup> in 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0111_PART_B_DCHB_GANDERBAL.pdf">District Census Handbook Ganderbal, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. pp. 11, 12 and 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054514/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0111_PART_B_DCHB_GANDERBAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Ganderbal%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=11%2C+12+and+22&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0111_PART_B_DCHB_GANDERBAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />Part B page 11 says the district area is 393.04 km<sup>2</sup>, but pages 12 and 22 say 259.00 km<sup>2</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0109_PART_A_DCHB_BANDIPORE.pdf">District Census Handbook Bandipora, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. pp. 10, 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053429/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0109_PART_A_DCHB_BANDIPORE.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Baramulla%2C+Part+B&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F0108_PART_B_DCHB_BARAMULA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0101_PART_A_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf">District Census Handbook Kupwara, Part A</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). July 2016. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053817/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0101_PART_A_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+Kupwara%2C+Part+A&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F01%2F0101_PART_A_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0101_PART_B_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf">District Census Handbook Kupwara, Part B</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i> (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 11, 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116054812/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0101_PART_B_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 2016. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116053632/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0104_PART_A_DCHB_KARGIL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Border+Tension+a+Growth+Industry+for+Kashmir&rft.date=2002-10-18&rft.au=Amy+Waldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F10%2F18%2Fworld%2Fborder-tension-a-growth-industry-for-kashmir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200903181221.htm">"Foreign tourists flock Kashmir"</a>. <i>Online edition of The Hindu, dated 18 March 2009</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Organization&rft.atitle=The+Kashmir+dispute+after+six+years&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E498-%3C%2Fspan%3E510&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155022750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0020-8183&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020818300007256&rft.aulast=Korbel&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorbel,_Danger_in_Kashmir1966" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Korbel" title="Josef Korbel">Korbel, Josef</a> (1966) [first published 1954], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Q7WCgAAQBAJ"><i>Danger in Kashmir</i></a> (second ed.), Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400875238" title="Special:BookSources/9781400875238"><bdi>9781400875238</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danger+in+Kashmir&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9781400875238&rft.aulast=Korbel&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Q7WCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield2003" class="citation cs2">Schofield, Victoria (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC"><i>Kashmir in Conflict</i></a>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-898-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-898-4"><bdi>978-1-86064-898-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+in+Conflict&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-898-4&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrkTetMfI6QkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2003" class="citation cs2">Snedden, Christopher (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DGO0qkqA2X0C"><i>Kashmir: The Untold Story</i></a>, New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143030874" title="Special:BookSources/9780143030874"><bdi>9780143030874</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+The+Untold+Story&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780143030874&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDGO0qkqA2X0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarshney1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Varshney" title="Ashutosh Varshney">Varshney, Ashutosh</a> (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.cndls.georgetown.edu/courses/rudolph/g238/files/Varshney-_1992-Why-Kashmir.pdf">"Three Compromised Nationalisms: Why Kashmir has been a Problem"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Raju G. C. Thomas (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perspectivesonka00thom/page/191"><i>Perspectives on Kashmir: the roots of conflict in South Asia</i></a>, Westview Press, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perspectivesonka00thom/page/191">191–234</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8343-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8343-9"><bdi>978-0-8133-8343-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Three+Compromised+Nationalisms%3A+Why+Kashmir+has+been+a+Problem&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Kashmir%3A+the+roots+of+conflict+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=191-234&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8343-9&rft.aulast=Varshney&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.cndls.georgetown.edu%2Fcourses%2Frudolph%2Fg238%2Ffiles%2FVarshney-_1992-Why-Kashmir.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Bose, Sumantra</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book939526581"><i>Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace</i></a>, Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01173-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01173-1"><bdi>978-0-674-01173-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+Roots+of+Conflict%2C+Paths+to+Peace&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01173-1&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book939526581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRai2004" class="citation cs2">Rai, Mridu (2004), <i>Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir</i>, C. Hurst & Co, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1850656616" title="Special:BookSources/978-1850656616"><bdi>978-1850656616</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Rulers%2C+Muslim+Subjects%3A+Islam%2C+Rights%2C+and+the+History+of+Kashmir&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1850656616&rft.aulast=Rai&rft.aufirst=Mridu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJammu+and+Kashmir+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regions and administrative territories of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardistan" title="Dardistan">Dardistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_County" title="Hotan County">Hotan County</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rutog_County" title="Rutog County">Rutog County</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Division" title="Mirpur Division">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Division" title="Muzaffarabad Division">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (princely state)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Indian state)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Province" title="Karakoram Province">Karakoram Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Emblem_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Union_Territory_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jammu and Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Emblem_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Union_Territory_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir600" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/25px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/38px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg/50px-Government_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Union Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></b> (Summer); <b><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a></b> (Winter)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashmir" title="History of Kashmir">History of Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rajatarangini" title="Rajatarangini">Rajatarangini</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitaditya_Muktapida" title="Lalitaditya Muktapida">Lalitaditya Muktapida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didda" title="Didda">Didda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Abidin_(sultan_of_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)">Zayn al-Abidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Mir_dynasty" title="Shah Mir dynasty">Shah Mir dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Dogra Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Committee">Kashmir Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbar_Move" title="Darbar Move">Darbar Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus">Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Government<br />and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)">Reorganisation Act (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">Jammu & Kashmir National Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Peoples_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party">Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Parties_Hurriyat_Conference" title="All Parties Hurriyat Conference">All Parties Hurriyat Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_People%27s_Conference" title="Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference">Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">Elections in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira%E2%80%93Sheikh_Accord" title="Indira–Sheikh Accord">Indira–Sheikh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nath_Dogra" title="Prem Nath Dogra">Prem Nath Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakshi_Ghulam_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad">Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ali_Shah_Geelani" title="Syed Ali Shah Geelani">Syed Ali Shah Geelani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehbooba_Mufti" title="Mehbooba Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehr_Chand_Mahajan" title="Mehr Chand Mahajan">Mehr Chand Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirwaiz_Umar_Farooq" title="Mirwaiz Umar Farooq">Mirwaiz Umar Farooq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Muhammad_Sayeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufti Muhammad Sayeed">Mufti Muhammad Sayeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Kumar_Singh" title="Nirmal Kumar Singh">Nirmal Kumar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Abdullah" title="Farooq Abdullah">Farooq Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Malik" title="Yasin Malik">Yasin Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Gani_Lone" title="Sajjad Gani Lone">Sajjad Gani Lone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Shah" title="Shabir Shah">Shabir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Public_Safety_Act,_1978" title="Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978">Public Safety Act, 1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kashmir" title="Culture of Kashmir">Culture</a> and<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiriyat" title="Kashmiriyat">Kashmiriyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_and_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Hindu_festivals" title="Kashmiri Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazwan" title="Wazwan">Wazwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanger" title="Kanger">Kanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikara" title="Shikara">Shikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashmina">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basohli_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Basohli painting">Basohli painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchi_Monastery" title="Alchi Monastery">Alchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmarg" title="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamarg" title="Sonamarg">Sonamarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verinag" title="Verinag">Verinag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangath_Temple_complex" title="Wangath Temple complex">Wangath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusmarg" title="Yusmarg">Yusmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar" title="Zanskar">Zanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:Forts in Jammu and Kashmir">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:National parks in Jammu and Kashmir">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Category:Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir">Lakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Jammu and Kashmir">Districts</a> and<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_division" title="Jammu division">Jammu division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_district" title="Jammu district">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_district" title="Samba district">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasi_district" title="Reasi district">Reasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajouri_district" title="Rajouri district">Rajouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, India">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_district" title="Ramban district">Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_division" title="Kashmir division">Kashmir division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_district" title="Anantnag district">Anantnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam_district" title="Kulgam district">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama_district" title="Pulwama district">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian_district" title="Shopian district">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam_district" title="Budgam district">Badgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_district" title="Srinagar district">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal_district" title="Ganderbal district">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore_district" title="Bandipore district">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_district" title="Baramulla district">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara_district" title="Kupwara district">Kupwara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_by_population" title="List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag" title="Anantnag">Anantnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla" title="Baramulla">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doda,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Doda, Jammu and Kashmir">Doda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_(town)" title="Poonch (town)">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajouri" title="Rajouri">Rajouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramban (Jammu and Kashmir)">Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reasi" title="Reasi">Reasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Samba, Jammu and Kashmir">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathua" title="Kathua">Kathua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar" title="Kishtwar">Kishtwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akingam" title="Akingam">Akingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal" title="Achabal">Achabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam" title="Budgam">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganderbal" title="Ganderbal">Ganderbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopian" title="Shopian">Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandipore" title="Bandipore">Bandipore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulgam" title="Kulgam">Kulgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Srinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Srinagar">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Srinagar" title="Nowshera, Srinagar">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurez" title="Gurez">Gurez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangan,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Kangan, Jammu and Kashmir">Kangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora" title="Awantipora">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tral" title="Tral">Tral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazigund" title="Qazigund">Qazigund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokernag" title="Kokernag">Kokernag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangus" title="Shangus">Shangus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijbehara" title="Bijbehara">Bijbehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doru_Shahabad" title="Doru Shahabad">Doru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahalgam" title="Pahalgam">Pahalgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan" title="Pattan">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Uri, Jammu and Kashmir">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeri" title="Kreeri">Kreeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniyar" title="Boniyar">Boniyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangmarg" title="Tangmarg">Tangmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopore" title="Sopore">Sopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiabad,_India" title="Rafiabad, India">Rafiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnah" title="Karnah">Karnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupwara" title="Kupwara">Kupwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lolab">Lolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwara" title="Handwara">Handwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langate" title="Langate">Langate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charari_Sharief" title="Charari Sharief">Charari Sharief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerwah,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir">Beerwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadoora" title="Chadoora">Chadoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_e_Mehtab" title="Bagh e Mehtab">Bagh e Mehtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbal,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir">Sumbal Sonawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Quimoh">Quimoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahloo" title="Pahloo">Pahloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damhal_Hanji_Pora" title="Damhal Hanji Pora">Damhal Hanji Pora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soura,_Srinagar" title="Soura, Srinagar">Soura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchpora" title="Buchpora">Buchpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Nagar_Srinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawahar Nagar Srinagar">Jawahar Nagar Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbagh" title="Rajbagh">Rajbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemina" title="Bemina">Bemina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisuma" title="Maisuma">Maisuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Nagar" title="Karan Nagar">Karan Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nagar,_Srinagar" title="Indira Nagar, Srinagar">Indira Nagar, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Chowk" title="Lal Chowk">Lal Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonwar_Bagh" title="Sonwar Bagh">Sonwar Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowhatta" title="Nowhatta">Nowhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh,_Srinagar" title="Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar">Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bazar" title="Lal Bazar">Lal Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukura" class="mw-redirect" title="Jukura">Jukura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munawar_Abad" title="Munawar Abad">Munawar Abad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_Bagh" title="Badami Bagh">Badami Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Srinagar" title="Nowshera, Srinagar">Nowshera, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhpora" title="Singhpora">Singhpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magam" title="Magam">Magam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daksum" title="Daksum">Daksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinthan_top" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinthan top">Sinthan top</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Famous villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padgampora" title="Padgampora">Padgampora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Pora,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Iskander Pora, Jammu and Kashmir"> Iskander Pora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhom" title="Mazhom">Mazhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rathsoon">Rathsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botingoo" title="Botingoo">Botingoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpora" title="Fatehpora">Fatehpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durhama" title="Durhama">Durhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjiwera" title="Hanjiwera">Hanjiwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardu-Aboora" title="Hardu-Aboora">Hardu-Aboora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keran,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Keran, Jammu and Kashmir">Keran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeri" title="Kreeri">Kreeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladoora" title="Ladoora">Ladoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogmuna" title="Ogmuna">Ogmuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeloo" title="Seeloo">Seeloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazun" title="Zazun">Zazun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakura" title="Wakura">Wakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabagh_Ganderbal" title="Nawabagh Ganderbal">Nawabagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnipora" title="Ratnipora">Ratnipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichgam" title="Ichgam">Ichgam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Railways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar%E2%80%93Jammu_line" title="Jalandhar–Jammu line">Jalandhar–Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Baramulla_line" title="Jammu–Baramulla line">Jammu–Baramulla</a></li></ul></li> <li>Stations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar_railway_station" title="Srinagar railway station">Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Tawi_railway_station" title="Jammu Tawi railway station">Jammu Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Udhampur railway station">Udhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazigund_railway_station" title="Qazigund railway station">Qzaigund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadura_railway_station" title="Sadura railway station">Sadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantnag_railway_station" title="Anantnag railway station">Anantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgam_railway_station" title="Budgam railway station">Budgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramulla_railway_station" title="Baramulla railway station">Baramulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampore_railway_station" title="Pampore railway station">Pampore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakapora_railway_station" title="Kakapora railway station">Kakapora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadigam_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadigam railway station">Nadigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhom_railway_station" title="Mazhom railway station">Mazhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banihal_railway_station" title="Banihal railway station">Banihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijbehara_railway_station" title="Bijbehara railway station">Bijbehara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattan_railway_station" title="Pattan railway station">Pattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopore_railway_station" title="Sopore railway station">Sopore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awantipora_railway_station" title="Awantipora railway station">Awantipora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katra_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Katra railway station">Katra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_1A_(India,_old_numbering)" title="National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)">National Highway 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Srinagar_National_Highway" title="Jammu–Srinagar National Highway">Jammu–Srinagar National Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar%E2%80%93Baramulla_highway" title="Srinagar–Baramulla highway">Srinagar–Baramulla highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhampur%E2%80%93Jammu_highway" title="Udhampur–Jammu highway">Udhampur–Jammu highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh%E2%80%93Manali_Highway" title="Leh–Manali Highway">Leh–Manali Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Road" title="Mughal Road">Mughal Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_Feet_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="90 Feet Road">90 Feet Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">Elections in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sports in Jammu and Kashmir">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Cricket_Association" title="Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association">Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_cricket_team" title="Jammu and Kashmir cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir Football Association">Football association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jammu_%26_Kashmir_International_Cricket_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jammu & Kashmir International Cricket Stadium (page does not exist)">International Cricket Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_International_Half_Marathon" title="Kashmir International Half Marathon">Kashmir International Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Springs_Golf_Course,_Srinagar" title="Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar">Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Marathon" title="Ladakh Marathon">Ladakh Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer_Group_in_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan">UNMOGIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_and_the_Jammu_and_Kashmir_floods,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014">Indian Armed Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir floods, 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_stations_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Template:Power stations of Jammu and Kashmir">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_control_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Crowd control in Jammu and Kashmir">Crowd control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Women's rights in Jammu and Kashmir">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Media in Jammu and Kashmir">Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1980" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1980" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121079887">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126114277">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207110/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk8Y9pj6pvq7GRtQdPvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4256270-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79142931">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11961668m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11961668m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36268658">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Džammú a Kašmír (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128892&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557363305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6c9c57c7-b882-4bd1-936b-f2bb4ac466b2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA16605667?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1239720">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027614514">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044553">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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