CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135606c1ae3fe17',cH: '8SFR7OvgV.LK.0a_DO50n4sSVYYklDeoXXYSrri394Y-1739791105-1.2.1.1-63JYtWYpfqBn9.zJ3jBALKgqdCgpBjULAj3Dt_KpvCQfRB1dj5ga0l6teWNFkuXS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Cu-Fe&__cf_chl_tk=JD90uISeB1WQW3_Z0u3.AwiCK1UwmS4xbVHWrm254wM-1739791105-1.0.1.1-Uo5.SayGg.2u134duOhAY0LIHplSgm2gfwsdbk8.2Ng",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791105',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Cu-Fe&__cf_chl_f_tk=JD90uISeB1WQW3_Z0u3.AwiCK1UwmS4xbVHWrm254wM-1739791105-1.0.1.1-Uo5.SayGg.2u134duOhAY0LIHplSgm2gfwsdbk8.2Ng",md: "2DimBFjQ_j3k9BSaocGjEHsvgoXj.41c4jokmFy0SmA-1739791105-1.2.1.1-hTS9wGg_pPUrD6N4ns6zu58VPmoeESc9jRMAkCeH_zuIcBjoiMmeWk8A60yfxC57TLHNYQkauTRUPSuLYzrfGJgvHJ4PNYMXb6m.nMyGY3qlGKnXU7Gmmj0YgkPetzEPC7_Mb81BAoyAtjfqWJ.UZkzmKaloXxspECvmJd3wbQMpb_kgh1c33PWl32VkFY4trmnpkEuMykzJBbV_J80FZXm.v0guIlMv8HpMdwHBi_ThIwiSWDHVAkZa8qjJvAJVfD_SZR7r628qmDzRQEpuX1hJKzOCkQWZOuhjre1wtyLn86pnsxXg_.jj5ziS2JH6udA0IxEpiKBurmHeMAWbOovS6GQGRUbMboRJu4ftYPue6xI4jdSWgFuZ6QZM3IO7d6gkTDaDr.y9TTxHhEYWtUvxJPqEdK9Rce44vpeGoNIV3tx.g2Jlgb8_kM9z4GkJquQM27u8Dn8lxSNoT7hyyWlMpeBO.1BaVDoZ5tNAEZyAgv8qWRSr.PtEVLUzIVbCrCUUFi0TGxfQqFKFg9GGSYqzJ0ZeTvMB5A00e0wsS8Jj8EdUHS4Abf8DTLf_2URGNRQ3QSSL_gZHgP4kHIwvGjm7AnjL2CscReuERrxxBWRTMftdwgcIjLy6Pr_w7LOfV_CpEI_y3d3oUfGdc_mosYLfpXeQafdD6p6B96I3T8DiveO6L3LW_vkuO6wEJctwdTEOI6Fczjh6L3sQYBXWp87RavrxUDEFAjQd0UgVL0IV7dcFGyaPVhk7z4aPliOYlpQWzplatkHm4iYdH6yzNFTRuGA9wikcB6S6la2UwX2CR6_pENOIgwuN6zrJIa2DVA9GxMk8LTJcOaxc6Gx7U8oUt1mDBVgSRMtKz05Hdq5G.h46149Gu1zuke4PYriOpIsL8YdaKoWN92CHURNYmT5JmBNp8ysdRxe3iah16VTaxdR.WFyP4svtfMbTx4Gkf_fkpoAYwj3Ed1dN_cTMX5yH0m9KFIrjlXa1IJGpwp..bKy5TWgxoiB.6GjHIIonfxAJ3SFtuP.OIwkcpAT0Xr12nYH37.AH3cTmdlAMyIHMMAxYHhAzPBMVFqWOiErG9oaICUqmbyFRpRGbTCCMETdrywLqJinFVNyOcf_icsUhqPs0.FHS6QP_kgv2SA7yGbEEeeLaYh61deHPR27P6UyI.kPI.XLfsDJ2o7a01TAZGBD04mhHD5KrH..7e_Ixd3IF7uOv0p.MJMsH1Jkw0.aEi1VB5CJ8mAthNlHe2BEMenvTOnXVH_a42KCjkzcAzvjxHDoRCDN_kZSA8_ltWVByd2uG5FWNTM8zGzJ5A36xe0zH8848rjYaMRZ63bg7jnA0qAD6LdAMbW5EI5OimynslwyvEyvDKV0UkqqJbXpE6.kXQDu6Ph6jtgXebdgGjzD8hS9m1_2L4hqIPMtJTGDA18_r9NNOTMuenw4qjqXAcDlVnXbX5p5xp9LlsH_cDVg_ndgj.3YMi6EwsEbrrPXhN_Sap03btPXQg0ojkkW_RwVtQ28AwtQamb2zbyGpv5Qw4d8MMioqht6xkUAhBEZVNVg4ReUe0jAgz9QERaAwWUO9lsSwrFMN8K69WyDG4DYo3_YpYIFmtZWoQrxF_qkslg23FynQlsKgVggbCNRt8YQ5cJlEo5udue3sOg3LgI2jH5rOotiJMl1JsLF7ln0dGrOxg0zRTGoFrG3e3lZPOoUDYpjILku.Z0vvfILO2dVfz4fsmGdixNgyOXw_.NqCjyzw7bKJ0yOypg8F5GV2Pc50TDLBZV6FV8IPtwFbS2_6v0_gIDkiG.bufybNJvtP.Du2Wf8Q71z7AF96hzmlbjtA7eJGkngT88VdxjApz5REdytnkVySORUYM9C_hJJvxvHhtuQ6G78dooulp9DMaPT3WWdwR.90NWDylSDL",mdrd: "eZ0tgGcia_S3khM82rahkoAIq7q0kzqHOkO8MqAvRAs-1739791105-1.2.1.1-2c4uFSxx4kj33MW9arhrjvVKjXQpK7RfGQNDLQvb_UVNnRIXXqYivzxcjdnTfIQpoIXOniBs1K2gQdKSoNuN7.dYdLneb4S9xoPTxbvc7xDD_pGFAmdC08OCqR2GMa4I2ypfgiD67o5o3uTJkofgfqHPr25PTZFyNM.SoN3pIa2yyV0IpL144Cg0mOcETPgAowkSvlXHs7CZC2pxHgIzzAg59xquN1fe8DJrJ2EJG6Pitt3.LpmQxoB04ETOc6JqFfcLQ1qEvwgemKf3haP2trxXw.ovBLwx8mmhrfLB1uZ410NEClVmmF_Y3arqCUx06.gpwWpoELtgzGMD3c9TmmXE2b30iPjZq4UUxIRHDBldArPRomBcJr4zqKeWdYl1zwGMcAPYBp1HVwny1a1uP1wTy3hOdXOgbiWs5K8OUZ6umAzmUwuvdGAf3pUDwDik08qXkMOEF6V11YdlWnDg3JfDlL_5GLj7lZqmpnoaAKh.ziiknslmAIVXbGvfa0e6qTX4B4g8a6mn2iGDaR6VU2o7a2zOox0anqq7A8LcwBnja6EnZ0a4V0NqkjnsCD_oXh9iMqdBpbzpUlyvCW3LKN40nXbS1t54Ms0ARTzCNqQ2vKYxgcwyVNp98E3JBruC6aFHG9sQorpw1ojq3DhFZjBsPKwGD3zkCnYyaKslGQxgxkP_Q3twxa8gMNMdSBPpxRzHS1A5Aglfb5t4iub1tweAuKK6NCR5R2RzCqGKcEz94rrs0Ic3TBBqh5gE56.lnbBj.KbNi.u7K36RIWn0Qtw6UGdQJoLHWGPusirhONvAMQmgTWIV.xCXDa.PI19o8V9Jf3xM9QdNmdBNi3jCLgAqxqd7p03zZI0E95GP4vfaruUphhnblZZ_o94QnqBSaCsRaWgl4Afdu4.Rc95Gb.Zmi8M_nXJG_F5gmCnpU2.gLhR9bMHq9vZ45KopbL4CX5HvQmpnZ4g8rwRgx6uu73BdNYQ8twIrmziWm5eJGe1GYsSy_ADYrb6MfqjAJTcJRCzBL_0yNuTxUewmUiRdhpVoI.Tf0Giz.BMhlmVzjlFjRSRwxE7KuvEobOfOM.RBqf_RKRV8pT7AbkvFyWN7a.kVSUAyE6IjZ_LMDcg2iyWNeoEHhzvniGpFAdqP710EdSdQIQ.FUCOR0tTQK69MhTfoLlKbqzZqZ603.3ZhVYbuaWxGA2l3MTokVGzzG2oq5rT0.e4PeeO7ydwwSWXvfK48XruRiw3r7iMUHe1pZWOokfY.VF7loWbsKR_q3e1c5qN_n9W7FxG.3sbpvoeg82dhy6fqw95k1xuGYO3kOGicXL0y6ZejMidKR92Aol9Ae2JDdbfX9qE_99ZD1vVyRCKnB2hI0xLykfAvcH0g47SBaUfDFzB7IfIOzabaBdBldmUPpXeKd067hEdPTcpB1cOUouXKzfDsOeGXtYBsRJndpG3e.Evmn9BkB7liUrTv5oz8cBZ8Ob1tIxZvva9gU.1k5cvsijClCtrBFUwPnr6XmTt4JOul2V7p7l4ggKUg0aVCmkySbHQXLZNEWZlmiTBuYC5Z1VspyF29Gl9apw4Mq63vgiIw41K_W0pyTCG8C381GtYXydt6BCxuBuQYsIjng65Rr5xqdWChwu1IsvYXpFU9eZywe4DgtShxrGo68pUc0gtvRJF6aRs7vZZEhubRGxgHeN4O0air4JM7eUzqrRVeGtn2YG0U8wDL5TmoXzQeBQsF7wSnb1Hu28H3qNFGiRpnxdFnk5I8ENILHogrIbnxG4AGa6c6jC9S0PJr7FjMgFVyEUQqCmbSLqEoyMf79GrCD3QDLd.coe6HYrSV7M38zSS197c12gXbW.Z9WwLnnAjlFiOgQby4kLqWtsEYG6s7wmXEQ7OvI_h5qEcVkKTiHUD9c9BfTlSW83dCJQh9s9.8DEglh66wDfVd_YJKTJypPQuO_IvazaOIcBVlyaUWRZXlTD9_k13NDavJ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135606c1ae3fe17';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Cu-Fe&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JD90uISeB1WQW3_Z0u3.AwiCK1UwmS4xbVHWrm254wM-1739791105-1.0.1.1-Uo5.SayGg.2u134duOhAY0LIHplSgm2gfwsdbk8.2Ng" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>