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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Katılım" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Katılım" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Katılım </div> <div 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" 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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Miyosen" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Miyosen" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kişisel araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kullanıcı menüsü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Bağış yapın</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Miyosen" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Miyosen" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Paleoekoloji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleoekoloji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Paleoekoloji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleoekoloji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleotektonik_ve_paleoiklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleotektonik_ve_paleoiklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Paleotektonik ve paleoiklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleotektonik_ve_paleoiklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Miyosen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 75 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioseen" title="Mioseen - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mioseen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="العصر الميوسيني - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الميوسيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocenu" title="Miocenu - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Miocenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Міяцэн - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міяцэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миоцен - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Миоцен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosen" title="Miosen - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Miosen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A8" title="Miocè - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miocè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A9n" title="Miocén - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Miocén" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AFosen" title="Mïosen - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mïosen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A6n" title="Miocæn - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Miocæn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioz%C3%A4n" title="Miozän - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miozän" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Μειόκαινο - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μειόκαινο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Miocene" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mioceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mioceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotseen" title="Miotseen - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miotseen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozeno" title="Miozeno - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miozeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="میوسن - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میوسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioseeni" title="Mioseeni - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mioseeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A8ne" title="Miocène - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miocène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sealad_M%C3%A9ic%C3%A9ineach" title="An Sealad Méicéineach - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Sealad Méicéineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mioceno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="מיוקן - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיוקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="मध्यनूतन युग - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मध्यनूतन युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A9n" title="Miocén - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miocén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Միոցեն - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միոցեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosen" title="Miosen - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Miosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mioceno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AD%C3%B3sen" title="Míósen - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Míósen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miocene" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中新世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მიოცენი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიოცენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миоцен - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Миоцен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B8" title="마이오세 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이오세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocaenum" title="Miocaenum - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Miocaenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozen" title="Miozen - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Miozen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosene" title="Miosene - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Miosene" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocenas" title="Miocenas - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miocenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C4%93ns" title="Miocēns - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Miocēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миоцен - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Миоцен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="മയോസീൻ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മയോസീൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosen" title="Miosen - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Miosen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="میوسن - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میوسن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioz%C3%A4n" title="Miozän - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Miozän" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceen" title="Mioceen - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mioceen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A8n" title="Miocèn - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Miocèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਾਇਓਸੀਨ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਇਓਸੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mioceno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миоцен - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миоцен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Miocene" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioc%C3%A9n" title="Miocén - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Miocén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миоцен - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Миоцен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioz%C3%A4n" title="Miozän - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Miozän" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మియోసిన్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మియోసిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Миосен - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Миосен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สมัยไมโอซีน - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยไมโอซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioseno" title="Mioseno - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mioseno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Міоцен - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міоцен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotsen_bo%CA%BBlimi" title="Miotsen boʻlimi - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miotsen boʻlimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_Miocen" title="Thế Miocen - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế Miocen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocen" title="Miocen - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Miocen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中新世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中新世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-sin-s%C3%A8" title="Tiong-sin-sè - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-sin-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中新世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76267#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Miyosen"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miocene" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76267" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(255,255,0);">Miyosen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="line-height: 150%">23,03 ± 0,3 - 5,333 ± 0,08 <a href="/wiki/Milyon_y%C4%B1l_%C3%B6nce" class="mw-redirect" title="Milyon yıl önce">myö</a> </div><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both;width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666;border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px;padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106);background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Kambriyen_%C3%B6ncesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambriyen öncesi">PreЄ</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86);left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambriyen" title="Kambriyen">Є</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112);left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisiyen" title="Ordovisiyen">O</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182);left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BCriyen" title="Silüriyen">S</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55);left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devoniyen" title="Devoniyen">D</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153);left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbonifer" title="Karbonifer">C</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,60);left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permiyen" title="Permiyen">P</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146);left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Triyas" title="Triyas">T</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201);left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura_d%C3%B6nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jura dönemi">J</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78);left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Kretase" title="Kretase">K</a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82);left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleojen" title="Paleojen"><small style="white-space: nowrap;">Pg</small></a></div><div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25);left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neojen" title="Neojen"><small>N</small></a></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20523076923px;width:5.9897538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20523076923px;width:5.9897538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div><div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:213.20523076923px; width:3.9897538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Kronoloji</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px;"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:23.65em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:32em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:31.57em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−24 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.18em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:28.79em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−22 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.40em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.01em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−20 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.62em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.23em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−18 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.83em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.44em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−16 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.66em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−14 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.27em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:14.88em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−12 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.49em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.10em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−10 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.71em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.32em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−8 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:7.93em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.53em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−6 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.14em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:3.75em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.36em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.97em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:7.5em;height:32em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,249,29);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:0.000em;width:0.825em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Senozoyik" title="Senozoyik">S<br />e<br />n<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />y<br />i<br />k</a></b></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,154,82);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:0.900em;width:6.600em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Paleojen" title="Paleojen">Paleojen</a></b></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,230,25);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.789em;height:28.334em;left:0.900em;width:0.825em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-14.167em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neojen" title="Neojen">N<br />e<br />o<br />j<br />e<br />n</a></b></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(249,249,127);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.789em;left:0.900em;width:6.600em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.894em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Kuvaterner" title="Kuvaterner">Kuvaterner</a></b></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:0.000em;width:7.500em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,0);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.607em;height:24.615em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-12.308em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:14px;display:block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M<br />i<br />y<br />o<br />s<br />e<br />n</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,153);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.789em;height:3.818em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.909em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:8px;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Pliyosen" title="Pliyosen">P<br />l<br />i<br />y<br />o.</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:0.000em;width:7.500em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,51);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:26.620em;height:3.503em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.751em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akitaniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akitaniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Akitaniyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,65);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:20.402em;height:6.218em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.109em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burdigaliyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burdigaliyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Burdigaliyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,77);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:17.412em;height:2.891em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.445em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Langiyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,89);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:14.352em;height:3.060em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.530em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:80%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serravaliyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serravaliyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Serravaliyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,102);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.268em;height:5.984em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.992em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tortoniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tortoniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tortoniyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,115);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.607em;height:2.661em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.330em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messiniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Messiniyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,179);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:3.196em;height:2.411em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.205em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zankliyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zankliyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zankliyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,191);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:1.319em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.659em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piasenziyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piasenziyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Piasenziyen</a></span></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.600em;height:0.072em;left:1.725em;width:5.775em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.036em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:0.070em;left:0.900em;width:6.600em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.035em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:0.070em;left:0.900em;width:6.600em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.035em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:7.425em;width:0.075em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:10.25em;height:32em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:6.479em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:75%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="line-height:10px;display:block;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messiniyen_Tuz_Krizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messiniyen Tuz Krizi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Messiniyen Tuz Krizi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Krijgsman1996_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krijgsman1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:7.926em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:75%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="line-height:10px;display:block;">Kuzey Amerika <a href="/wiki/Preri" title="Preri">prerileri</a> genişler<sup id="cite_ref-Retallack1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Retallack1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:20.5em"><b>2018 itibarıyla Neojen'in <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Stratigrafi_Komisyonu" title="Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu">Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu</a>'na göre alt bölümleri.</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Dikey eksen ölçeği: milyon yıl önce.<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Etimoloji</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Kullanım bilgisi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Gök cismi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yerk%C3%BCrenin_jeolojik_tarihi" title="Yerkürenin jeolojik tarihi">Dünya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Bölgesel kullanım</th><td class="infobox-data">Küresel (<a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Stratigrafi_Komisyonu" title="Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Kullanılan zaman çizelgesi</th><td class="infobox-data">ICS Zaman Cetveli</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Tanım</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Kronolojik birim</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeolojik_zaman_cetveli#Jeolojik_zamanın_bölümleri" title="Jeolojik zaman cetveli">Devre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigrafik birim</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seri_(stratigrafi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seri (stratigrafi) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Seri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Zaman aralığının resmîyeti</th><td class="infobox-data">Resmî</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Alt sınırını belirleyen</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Manyetik kutupsallık <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronozon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronozon (sayfa mevcut değil)">kronozonu</a> C6Cn.2n'nin tabanı.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delikliler" title="Delikliler">Plankton benzeri bir delikli</a> olan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paragloborotalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paragloborotalia (sayfa mevcut değil)">Paragloborotalia kugleri</a>'nin</i> ilk ortaya çıkışı (yaklaşık olarak).</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Alt sınır <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCresel_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1r_Stratotip_Kesiti_ve_Noktas%C4%B1" title="Küresel Sınır Stratotip Kesiti ve Noktası">KSKN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lemme-Carrosio Kesiti, <a href="/wiki/Carrosio" title="Carrosio">Carrosio</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:Miyosen&params=44.6589_N_8.8364_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">44°39′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°50′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">44.6589°K 8.8364°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.6589; 8.8364</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">KSKN onayı</th><td class="infobox-data">1996<sup id="cite_ref-Steininger_1997_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steininger_1997-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Üst sınırını belirleyen</th><td class="infobox-data">KSKN'den sadece 96 bin yıl (5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milankovitch_d%C3%B6ng%C3%BCs%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milankovitch döngüsü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Milankovitch döngüsü</a>) kadar genç olan Thvera manyetik olayının (C3n.4n) tabanı</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Üst sınır KSKN</th><td class="infobox-data">Heraclea Minoa kesiti, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclea_Minoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclea Minoa (sayfa mevcut değil)">Heraclea Minoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattolica_Eraclea" title="Cattolica Eraclea">Cattolica Eraclea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilya" title="Sicilya">Sicilya</a>, İtalya<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637432"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:Miyosen&params=37.3917_N_13.2806_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">37°23′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°16′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">37.3917°K 13.2806°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.3917; 13.2806</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">KSKN onayı</th><td class="infobox-data">2000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Atmosfer ve iklim verileri</th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Miyosen</b>, <a href="/wiki/Senozoyik" title="Senozoyik">Senozoyik</a> çağın neojen dönemine dahil olan ve jeolojik zamanda 23.03 ile 5.3 milyon yıl önce arasında yer alan bir jeolojik devirdir. Bilimsel literatürde bu devir 3 parça altında incelenir. Bunlar: Erken Miyosen, Orta Miyosen ve Geç Miyosen'dir. Aynı zamanda Miyosen devri, Aquitanian, Burdigalian, Langhian, Serravallian, Tortonian ve Messinian gibi 6 alt zamana ayrılır. Miyosen devrinin öncesinde oligosen devri varken; akabinde pliyosen devri gelmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-m_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> İlk olarak 19. yy'ın başında Paris havzası etrafında yapılan stratigrafik incelemeler sırasında <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> tarafından bulunmuş ve tanımlanmış bir zaman dilimidir.<sup id="cite_ref-m1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Miocene_Chart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miocene_Chart.jpg/220px-Miocene_Chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miocene_Chart.jpg/330px-Miocene_Chart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miocene_Chart.jpg/440px-Miocene_Chart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Miyosen Devrinin Kısımları</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleoekoloji">Paleoekoloji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Paleoekoloji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Paleoekoloji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miyosen devri farklı kıtalarda çok önemli çökel (sediman) örnekleri sunmaktadır, özellikle <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Amerika" title="Güney Amerika">Güney Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Avrupa" title="Güney Avrupa">Güney Avrupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%9Folistan" title="Moğolistan">Moğolistan</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> gibi farklı bölgelerde karasal ve denizel çökeller ile temsil edilirler. Özellikle memeli gruplarının paleobiyolojisinin net şekilde takip edildiği ve incelenebildiği stratigrafik kayıtlar konusunda zengin bir devirdir. Atların evriminin yanı sıra; köpekler, sırtlanlar, ayılar, kılıç dişli kaplan ailesi üyelerinin ilk ortaya çıkışının olduğu miyosen devri filler için de önemlidir. Fillerin <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> içerisinde izole kaldığı önceki devirlere nazaran <a href="/wiki/Avrasya" title="Avrasya">Avrasya</a>'ya yayıldığı ve evrimleştiği bilinmektedir. Diğer yandan, Güney Amerika'da Santa Cruz formasyonunda oldukça ilginç ve eşsiz memeli örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bunların arasında; keseli memeliler, armadillo, tembel hayvanlar ve <a href="/wiki/Toxodon" title="Toxodon">toxodon</a> gibi memeliler bulunur. Miyosen devrinin sonu çok önemli bir dönüm noktası oluşturur zira modern memeliler ve kuşların gelişip yaygınlaştığı bir jeolojik zamanı yansıtır.<sup id="cite_ref-m_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miyosen devrinin ekolojik olarak en ciddi dönüşümü bitkisel alanda yer alan habitat dönüşümüdür. Bu devirde yoğun ve sık ormanların yerini görece daha kuru ağaçlık alanlarla beraber asıl olarak otlaklar almıştır, dönemin karakteristik bitki örtüsü çayırlardır ve fauna değişiminin de mihenk taşı olmuşlardır. Günümüz modern bitkilerinin yüzde 95 oranında temsil edildiği geç miyosen devri için botanik alanda polenler ve sporlar üzerine çalışmalara odaklanılmıştır. Bitki örtüsündeki bu değişimlerin temelindeyse kıtaların hareketi ve buna karşılık değişen iklim özellikleri gösterilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar ışığında miyosen ortasında önce küresel bir ısınma yaşanırken, ardından küresel bir soğuma gelmiş ve geniş otlakların egemenliğinin önü açılmıştır. Denizel ortamlar da bitkisel değişiklere maruz kalmıştır, belli bölgelerde esmer yosun toplulukları hakim olmuş ve bölgenin ekolojisi yeniden düzenlenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-m1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alveolinella" title="Alveolinella">Alveolinella</a> gibi fusiformlar genellikle bu devirde (ve ayrıca günümüzde ılık tropik denizlerde) bulunurdu. (Bu dönemdeki akrabası Borelis ise, 400 metreden daha derinde bulunmuştur.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleotektonik_ve_paleoiklim">Paleotektonik ve paleoiklim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Paleotektonik ve paleoiklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Paleotektonik ve paleoiklim"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kıtaların konumlarının değişmesi ve küresel sıcaklık değişiklikleri sonucu iklim kalıpları bir hayli farklılaşmıştır. Kuzey Amerika kıtasında iki önemli dağ sırası olan Sierra Nevada ve Cascade sıradağları meydana gelmiş ve iç kesimler daha da kuraklaşma yoluna girmişlerdir. Fauna değişimine ön ayak olan kara köprüleri da bu devirde oluşmuştur, özellikle berin boğazı üstünde oluşan kara köprüsüyle beraber Panama da bu dönemde orta ve Güney Amerika'yı bağlayacak şekilde tektonik bir işlem sonucu oluşmuştur. Güney Amerika'da And Dağlarının oluşumu da bu döneme denk gelir ve bu oluşum da yağmur perdesi etkisiyle kıtanın güneydoğusunda daha kurak bir alan yaratmıştır. Avrasya'nın çok büyük bölümü kuraklaşma etkisine girmiştir ve otlaklar ciddi bir artış göstermiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-m1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg/220px-Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg/330px-Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg/440px-Late_Miocene_Europe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Geç Miyosen Avrupa'sı</figcaption></figure> <p>Avrasya bu dönemde önemli tektonik süreçlerden geçmiştir, Tetis denizi orta miyosen'de doğu ve batı olarak ayrılmıştır ve bu bariyer batı Avrupa'nın flora ve fauna değişiminden izole olmasına neden olmuştur. Afrika ile yer yer kara köprüleri üzerinden ekolojik göç yaşanmıştır. Afrika da ciddi bir tektonik etkiye maruz kalmış olup bu süreç Doğu Afrika riftleşmesi ve Afrika-Arap-Avrasya levhası yakınlaşması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Geniş çaplı bu riftleşme Doğu Afrika ve Batı Afrika arasında iklimsel bir farklılaşmayla sonuçlanmıştır, yağmur perdesi etkisiyle Doğu Afrika kurak, Batı Afrika görece nemli bir iklime sahip olmuştur. Tetis denizinin Afrika ve Avrasya levhalarının yakınlaşması sonucu ikiye ayrılması da bölgenin ekolojisini dönüştürmüştür, zira atmosferin önemli bir nem kaynağı okyanusun kesilmesiyle kaybedilmiş ve tektonik etkiyle oluşan doğal kara köprüsü Avrasya ve Afrika arası flora ve fauna değişimine önayak olmuş. Antarktika bugünkü konumuna ilerleyerek izole halde geldi ve bu birtakım kutup çevresi akıntıların oluşmasına neden olarak atmosferik ve okyanus akıntı şekillerini değiştirdi. Bu kutup çevresi akıntıları genel akıntı karışımlarını azaltarak ısı alışverisini kesintiye uğratmış ve kutup çevresinde kalıcı buz tepelerinin oluşumuna zemin hazırlamıştır. Sonuç olarak küresel soğuma ve mevsimsellik etkilerini de desteklenmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-m1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Krijgsman1996-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Krijgsman1996_1-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. <b>142</b> (3-4): 367–380. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996E&PSL.142..367K">1996E&PSL.142..367K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X%2896%2900109-4">10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+new+chronology+for+the+middle+to+late+Miocene+continental+record+in+Spain&rft.pages=367-380&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0012-821X%2896%2900109-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996E%26PSL.142..367K&rft.au=Krijgsman%2C+W.&rft.au=Garc%C3%A9s%2C+M.&rft.au=Langereis%2C+C.+G.&rft.au=Daams%2C+R.&rft.au=Van+Dam%2C+J.&rft.au=Van+Der+Meulen%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Agust%C3%AD%2C+J.&rft.au=Cabrera%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Retallack1997-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Retallack1997_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Retallack, G. J. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaios.sepmonline.org/content/12/4/380">"Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie"</a>. <i>PALAIOS</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 380–390. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3515337">10.2307/3515337</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3515337">3515337</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2008-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neogene+Expansion+of+the+North+American+Prairie&rft.pages=380-390&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3515337&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3515337&rft.au=Retallack%2C+G.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalaios.sepmonline.org%2Fcontent%2F12%2F4%2F380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08Turkish.pdf">"Uluslararası Kronostratigrafik Çizelge"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.stratigraphy.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Stratigrafi_Komisyonu" title="Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu">Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stratigraphy.org&rft.atitle=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Kronostratigrafik+%C3%87izelge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2FICSchart%2FChronostratChart2018-08Turkish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steininger_1997-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Steininger_1997_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry; W. A. Berggren; M. Biolzi; A. M. Borsetti; Julie E. Cartlidge; F. Cati; R. Corfield; R. Gelati; S. Iaccarino; C. Napoleone; F. Ottner; F. Rögl; R. Roetzel; S. Spezzaferri; F. Tateo; G. Villa; D. Zevenboom (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file9.pdf">"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 23-28. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005">10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Stratotype+Section+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+for+the+base+of+the+Neogene&rft.pages=23-28&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1997%2Fv20i1%2F005&rft.aulast=Steininger&rft.aufirst=Fritz+F.&rft.au=M.+P.+Aubry&rft.au=W.+A.+Berggren&rft.au=M.+Biolzi&rft.au=A.+M.+Borsetti&rft.au=Julie+E.+Cartlidge&rft.au=F.+Cati&rft.au=R.+Corfield&rft.au=R.+Gelati&rft.au=S.+Iaccarino&rft.au=C.+Napoleone&rft.au=F.+Ottner&rft.au=F.+R%C3%B6gl&rft.au=R.+Roetzel&rft.au=S.+Spezzaferri&rft.au=F.+Tateo&rft.au=G.+Villa&rft.au=D.+Zevenboom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2FGSSP%2Ffile9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Van Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/zanclean.pdf">"The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 179-187. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005">10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. 26 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726173418/https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/zanclean.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+base+of+the+Zanclean+Stage+and+of+the+Pliocene+Series&rft.pages=179-187&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2000%2Fv23i3%2F005&rft.aulast=Van+Couvering&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Castradori%2C+Davide&rft.au=Cita%2C+Maria&rft.au=Hilgen%2C+Frederik&rft.au=Rio%2C+Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2Fgssps%2Ffiles%2Fzanclean.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m-6"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-m_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Miocene-Epoch">"Miocene Epoch"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 21 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721233327/https://www.britannica.com/science/Miocene-Epoch">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Miocene+Epoch&rft.aulast=The+Editors+of+Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.aufirst=The+Editors+of+Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FMiocene-Epoch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m1-7"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-m1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Polly, David; ve diğerleri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222194228/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/miocene.php">"The Miocene Epoch"</a>. <i>ucmp.berkeley.edu/</i>. University of Berkeley. 22 Şubat 2012 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/miocene.php">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucmp.berkeley.edu%2F&rft.atitle=The+Miocene+Epoch&rft.aulast=Polly&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucmp.berkeley.edu%2Ftertiary%2Fmiocene.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AMiyosen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Di%C4%9Ferlerinin_yanl%C4%B1%C5%9F_kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı">link</a>) </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yerkürenin_jeolojik_tarihi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#34B2C9"><a href="/wiki/Jura_(d%C3%B6nem)" title="Jura (dönem)">Jura <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(201-145 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erken_Jura" title="Erken Jura">Erken (201-174 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_Jura" title="Orta Jura">Orta (174-164 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%A7_Jura" title="Geç Jura">Geç (164-145 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#812B92"><a href="/wiki/Triyas" title="Triyas"><span style="color:white;">Triyas <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(252-201 myö)</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erken_Triyas" title="Erken Triyas">Erken (252-247 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orta_Triyas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orta Triyas (sayfa mevcut değil)">Orta (247-237 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%A7_Triyas" title="Geç Triyas">Geç (237-201 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#99C080"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoyik" title="Paleozoyik">Paleozoyik Zaman <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(539-252 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#F04028"><a href="/wiki/Permiyen" title="Permiyen">Permiyen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(299-252 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisuraliyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sisuraliyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sisuraliyen (299-272 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalupiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalupiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Guadalupiyen (272-260 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lopingiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lopingiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lopingiyen (260-252 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#67A599"><a href="/wiki/Karbonifer" title="Karbonifer">Karbonifer <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(359-299 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misisipiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misisipiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Misisipiyen (359-323 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pensilvaniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pensilvaniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pensilvaniyen (323-299 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#CB8C37"><a href="/wiki/Devoniyen" title="Devoniyen">Devoniyen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(419-359 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#B3E1B6"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BCriyen" title="Silüriyen">Silüriyen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(444-419 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landoveri_Devresi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landoveri Devresi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Landoveri (444-433 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venlok_Devresi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venlok Devresi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Venlok (433-427 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludlov_Devresi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludlov Devresi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ludlov (427-423 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pridoli_Devresi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pridoli Devresi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pridoli (423-419 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#009270"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordovisyen">Ordovisiyen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(485-444 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#7FA056"><a href="/wiki/Kambriyen" title="Kambriyen">Kambriyen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(539-485 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terren%C3%B6viyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrenöviyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Terrenöviyen (539-521 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambriyen_Seri_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambriyen Seri 2 (sayfa mevcut değil)">Seri 2 (521-509 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miaolingiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miaolingiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Miaolingiyen (509-497 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frongiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frongiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frongiyen (497-485 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F73563"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoyik" title="Proterozoyik">Proterozoyik Üst Zaman<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(2,5 milyar yıl önce-539 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#FEB342"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoyik" title="Neoproterozoyik">Neoproterozoyik <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(1 milyar yıl önce-539 myö)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Toniyen (1 milyar yıl önce-720 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyojeniyen" title="Kriyojeniyen">Kriyojeniyen (720-635 myö)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ediyakaran" title="Ediyakaran">Ediyakaran (635-539 myö)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#FDB462"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezoproterozoyik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezoproterozoyik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mezoproterozoyik <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(1,6-1 milyar yıl önce)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalimiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalimiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kalimiyen (1,6-1,4 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ektasiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ektasiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ektasiyen (1,4-1,2 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steniyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steniyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Steniyen (1,2-1 milyar yıl önce)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:37ch;background:#F74370"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoyik" title="Paleoproterozoyik">Paleoproterozoyik <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(2,5-1,6 milyar yıl önce)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sideriyen" title="Sideriyen">Sideriyen (2,5-2,3 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riyasiyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riyasiyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Riyasiyen (2,3-2,05 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orosiriyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orosiriyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Orosiriyen (2,05-1,8 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stateriyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stateriyen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stateriyen (1,8-1,6 milyar yıl önce)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F0047F"><a href="/wiki/Arkeen" title="Arkeen"><span style="color:white;">Arkeen Üst Zaman <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(4-2,5 milyar yıl önce)</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eoarkeen" title="Eoarkeen">Eoarkeen (4-3,6 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoarkeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoarkeen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Paleoarkeen (3,6-3,2 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoarkeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoarkeen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mesoarkeen (3,2-2,8 milyar yıl önce)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoarkeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoarkeen (sayfa mevcut değil)">Neoarkeen (2,8-2,5 milyar yıl önce)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AE027E"><a href="/wiki/Hadeen" title="Hadeen"><span style="color:white;">Hadeen Üst Zaman <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(4,6-4 milyar yıl önce)</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#D8B982"><div><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1l#SI_ön_ekleri" title="Yıl">byö</a> = bin yıl önce; <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1l#SI_ön_ekleri" title="Yıl">myö</a> = milyon yıl önce.<br /> <i>Ayrıca bakınız:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jeolojik_zaman_cetveli" title="Jeolojik zaman cetveli">Jeolojik zaman cetveli</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji">Jeoloji</a>  • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya" title="Dünya">Dünya</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Yerk%C3%BCre_tarihi" title="Yerküre tarihi">Yerküre tarihi</a><br /> <small>Kaynak: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09Turkish.pdf">Uluslararası Kronostratigrafik Çizelge</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240330021713/https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09Turkish.pdf">arşivlenmiş belge</a>). <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Stratigrafi_Komisyonu" title="Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu">Uluslararası Stratigrafi Komisyonu</a>. 9 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76267&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76267&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76267" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11958274x">cb11958274x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11958274x">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4039517-0">4039517-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097132">sh85097132</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph117616&CON_LNG=ENG">ph117616</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560659705171">987007560659705171</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&oldid=32963444">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyosen&oldid=32963444</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a 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