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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башына кайтуу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Булактар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Булактар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Булактар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Булактар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмуну" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Орфография</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башка тилдеги макалага өтүү. 94 тилде жеткиликтүү" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografie" title="Ortografie – африкаанча" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ortografie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographie" title="Orthographie – немисче (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Orthographie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="немисче (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía – арагончо" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ortografía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="قواعد الكتابة – арабча" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد الكتابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%DA%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="ؤرطوڭراف – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤرطوڭراف" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اورثوجرافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اورثوجرافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía – астурийче" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ortografía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orfoqrafiya" title="Orfoqrafiya – азербайжанча" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orfoqrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орфография – башкырча" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Орфография" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкырча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographie" title="Orthographie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Orthographie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograpiya" title="Ortograpiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ortograpiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Арфаграфія – беларусча" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арфаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Правапіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Правапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Правопис – болгарча" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Правопис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="ऑर्थोग्राफी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑर्थोग्राफी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF" title="লিখনবিধি – бангладешче" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিখনবিধি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бангладешче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reizhskrivadur" title="Reizhskrivadur – бретончо" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reizhskrivadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – боснийче" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – каталончо" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – чехче" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Орфографи – чувашча" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Орфографи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgraff" title="Orgraff – уелшче" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Orgraff" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелшче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retskrivning" title="Retskrivning – датча" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Retskrivning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographie" title="Orthographie – немисче" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orthographie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ορθογραφία – грекче" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορθογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography – англисче" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orthography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografio" title="Ortografio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ortografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía – испанча" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ortografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograafia" title="Ortograafia – эстончо" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ortograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – баскча" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ortografía" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="دستور خط – фарсча" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور خط" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikeinkirjoitus" title="Oikeinkirjoitus – финче" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oikeinkirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographe" title="Orthographe – французча" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orthographe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavering" title="Stavering – батыш фризче" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stavering" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыш фризче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía – галисияча" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ortografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="אורתוגרפיה – ивритче" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורתוגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ивритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लेखनवर्तनी – хиндиче" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेखनवर्तनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хиндиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – хорватча" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyes%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Helyesírás – венгерче" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helyesírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ուղղագրություն – армянча" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղղագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographia" title="Orthographia – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Orthographia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – индонезияча" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografio" title="Ortografio – идочо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ortografio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ttritun" title="Réttritun – исландча" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Réttritun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – италиянча" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" title="正書法 – жапончо" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="正書法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – жаванизче" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="жаванизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ორთოგრაფია – грузинче" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორთოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орфография – казакча" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орфография" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9E%EC%B6%A4%EB%B2%95" title="맞춤법 – корейче" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맞춤법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographia" title="Orthographia – латынча" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orthographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomampandiika" title="Essomampandiika – гандача" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomampandiika" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="гандача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthografie" title="Orthografie – лимбургиче" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Orthografie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortogr%C4%81fija" title="Ortogrāfija – латышча" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ortogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Чынвозыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чынвозыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Правопис – македончо" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Правопис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – малайча" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografija" title="Ortografija – малтизче" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ortografija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrievwies" title="Schrievwies – төмөнкү немисче" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schrievwies" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төмөнкү немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthografie" title="Orthografie – голландча" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orthografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rettskriving" title="Rettskriving – норвежче (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rettskriving" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежче (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – окситанча" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – пунжабиче" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пунжабиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – полякча" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полякча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="املاء – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="املاء" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – португалча" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allin_qillqay" title="Allin qillqay – кечуача" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allin qillqay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografie" title="Ortografie – румынча" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ortografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орфография – орусча" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орфография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – серб-хорват" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orthography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – словакча" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravopis" title="Pravopis – словенче" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pravopis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drejtshkrimi" title="Drejtshkrimi – албанча" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Drejtshkrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Правопис – сербче" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Правопис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – сунданча" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – шведче" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahajia" title="Tahajia – суахиличе" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tahajia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахиличе" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5" title="อักขรวิธี – тайча" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักขรวิธี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palabaybayan" title="Palabaybayan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palabaybayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi – түркчө" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ortografi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түркчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орфография – татарча" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Орфография" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Орфографія – украинче" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орфографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imlo" title="Imlo – өзбекче" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imlo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ortografia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_t%E1%BA%A3" title="Chính tả – вьетнамча" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính tả" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortografeye" title="Ortografeye – валлончо" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ortografeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortograpiya" title="Ortograpiya – варайча" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ortograpiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="正写法 – "У" диалектинде (Кытай)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="正写法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name=""У" диалектинде (Кытай)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="正寫法 – кытайча" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正寫法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-j%C4%AB-hoat" title="Chiàⁿ-jī-hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiàⁿ-jī-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="正字法 – кантончо" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="正字法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка тилдерге шилтемени түзөтүү" class="wbc-editpage">Шилтемелерди түзөтүү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Аталыш мейкиндиктери"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрүнүш</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия дан</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ky" dir="ltr"><p><b>Орфография</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Грек тили">грек.</a> orphos – туура, grapho – жазам) ― белгилүү бир тилдеги сөздөрдү жана алардын маани берүүчү бөлүктөрүн бир түрдүү жазуу үчүн белгиленген эрежелердин системасын үйрөтө турган <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Тил илими">тил илиминин</a> бир бөлүгү. Бул термин грек тилинин «orphos» «туура» жана «gpapho» «жазам» деген сөздөрүнөн алынган. </p> <ul><li>1) жазуу кебинде колдонулган, тилдеги сөздөрдү нормага ылайык бирдей жазуунун тарыхый калыптанган системасы.</li> <li>2) тил илиминин нормага ылайык бирдей жазууну камсыз кылуучу эрежелер системасын аныктоочу жана иштеп чыгуучу бир тармагы.</li></ul> <p>Орфография тыбыштык-тамгалык жазууда колдонулуучу жазма системасы катары графикалык жана алфавиттик системадан, бир канча майда-майда эреже-талаптардын жыйындысынан жана ошол эреже-талаптар үчүн негиз болуучу принциптердин биримдигинен турган бөлүмдөргө жиктелет. </p><p>Орфографиялык принциптер тигил же бул сөздүн кандай жазылышын, эмне үчүн ошондой жазылышын аныктап, орфограмма, варианттар болгон жерде аларды тандап жазуу негизин шарттайт. Ошондуктан ушул принциптердин негизинде Орфографиялык эрежелер иштелип чыгып, жалпылаштырылган талаптар белгиленет. </p><p>Орфографиянын эң негизги борбордук проблемасы болуп тыбыштык жазмада ошол тыбышты кандай графикалык белги - тамга менен белгилөө, кандай алфавит түзүү маселеси эсептелет. Тилдеги графикалык системага жараша Орфографиянын айрым маселелери аныкталса, тилдин Орфографиялык системасы толугу менен жазуунун принциптерине ылайык аныкталат. Бирок баардык тил үчүн бирдей принциптер колдонула бербейт, ар бир жазма тил өзүнүн типологиялык структурасына жараша ар кыл принципти колдонот жана негизги принциби да ар башка болушу мүмкүн. </p><p>Тил илиминде бүгүнкү күндө фонетикалык (фонематикалык), морфологиялык, салттуу, символикалык (айырмалоочу, дифференциялоочу) принциптер жетекчиликке алынуу менен, Орфографиялык эреже-талаптар иштелип чыгат. Бул Орфография норма деп аталат да, жазууда тыбыштардагы ар кандай өзгөрүүлөрдү, сөздөрдү, морфемаларды, алардын тизмектешүүсүн, тыныш белгилер системасын бир кылкалыкка келтирип, бир түрдүү жазууну камсыз кылуу максатында атайын иштелип, мамлекеттик маанидеги документ жана милдеттүү түрдө аткарылууга тийиш болгон эреже-талап катары бекитилет. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили">Кыргыз тилинде</a> сөздөр, алардын структуралык бөлүктөрү, өзара алардын тизмектешүүлөрү, негизинен, кандай айтылса, ошондой жазылат. Демек, ушундан улам <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили">Кыргыз тилинде</a> уңгу сөздөр, негизинен, фонетикалык принцип боюнча жазылат: ата, эне, апа, бала, чоң, кичине, ал, бул, ээр, эр, күйүү, тоо, суу, жер. </p><p>Тилдин фонетикалык жана <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика">грамматикалык</a> ички мыйзам ченемдерине ылайык эки морфеманын айкашкан чегинде үндүү жана үнсүз тыбыштардын өзгөрүп айтылышы өтө мүнөздүү көрүнүш. Бул алардын лингвистикалык, акустикалык, артикуляциялык өзгөчөлүгү менен түшүндүрүлөт. Ушундан улам сөз мүчөлөрү, бир жагынан, көп варианттуу, тыбыштык түрү өзгөрүп кетет, экинчи жагынан, өзү уланган уңгунун баштапкы формасын да өзгөртүп жиберген учурлар да кездешет. Маселен, жөндөмө мүчөлөрдүн айрымдары уңгудагы үндүү, үнсүз тыбыштарга карата 8, 12, 16 вариантка чейин өзгөрөт. Булардын баарын бир кылка кылып, баштапкы вариантын гана жазуу эч мүмкүн эмес. Ошондуктан алар кандай айтылса, ошондой фонемалык түрдө жазылышы Орфографиялык норма болуп эсептелет. Фонетикалык принцип боюнча айрым бир өздөштүрүлгөн сөздөр фонетикалык өзгөрүүгө учурап да жазылат: гезит, облус, деректир, самоор, көлөч, керебет, батинке, догдур, белет. </p><p>Тилдеги Орфографиялык принциптердин дагы бири – морфологиялык принцип. Бул принципке ылайык уңгу сөздөрдүн жанаша турган сөздөгү тыбыштарга карата же болбосо уңгуга мүчө уланганда, уңгунун фонетикалык жактан өзгөрүп айтылышы Орфографиялык норма болбостон, алардын уңгу түрүндө турган баштапкы фонетикалык түзүлүшү Орфографиялык норма болуп эсептелет. Демек, бул принцип уңгунун тыбыштык турпатынын өзгөрүп айтылышына негизделбестен, анын баардык учурда бирдей жазылышын камсыз кылат. Ошондуктан уңгунун өзгөрүп кеткен фонемалык турпатын морфологиялык принцип тескейт, б.а. морфологиялык принцип сөздүн баардык бөлүктөрүнө (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема">морфемаларын</a>а) тарабайт. Ал мүчө уланганда уңгунун жазылышын тескейт: </p><p>сөссүз – сөзсүз, туссуз – тузсуз, чашса – чачса, тумма – тунма, түмбү - түнбү, тассал – таш сал, кашты – качты, ушсуз – учсуз, чаштуу – чачтуу. </p><p>Айтылышы менен жазылышы бири-биринен бир аз айырмаланып турган мындай сөздөрдүн пайда болушу эки морфеманын чегинде үнсүз тыбыштардын позициялык өзгөрүүсүнө байланыштуу. Бул тилдин өзүнүн ички законченемдүүлүгү. Ушуга ылайык, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили">Кыргыз тилинде</a> эки морфеманын чегинде уңгу өзүнүн баштапкы фонемалык турпатын сактап, морфологиялык принципке ылайык жазылат. Ошондуктан кыргыз тилинин Орфографиясында жеке турган уңгу сөз жана мүчөлөр фонетикалык (фонематикалык), ал эми эки морфеманын чегиндеги уңгу сөз морфологиялык принцип боюнча жазылат. Эки <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема">морфемадан</a> турган бир эле сөздүн жазылышында фонетикалык да, морфологиялык да принцип колдонулат. </p><p>Булардан башка традициялык принцип боюнча <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили">Кыргыз тилинде</a> өздөштүрүлгөн сөздөр жазылат. Анткени алар, бир жагынан, салт боюнча өз тилинде кандай жазылса, өзгөрүлбөй ошол турпатында жазылат, экинчи жагынан, оозеки түрдө кабыл алынгандары ошол өзгөрүлүп 20-30-жылдары кабыл алынган тарыхый формасында жазылат: меш, болуш, самоор, көлөч, керебет, старчын, белет, үтүк, чайнек, батинке ж.б.у.с. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Булактар"><span id=".D0.91.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Булактар</h2></div> <p>Кыргыз тилинин лингвистикалык маалымдамасы. 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