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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oselus_atau_bintik_mata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oselus_atau_bintik_mata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oselus atau bintik mata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oselus_atau_bintik_mata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_sederhana_pada_artropoda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_sederhana_pada_artropoda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mata sederhana pada artropoda</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mata_sederhana_pada_artropoda-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Mata sederhana pada artropoda</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mata_sederhana_pada_artropoda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mata_laba-laba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_laba-laba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mata laba-laba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_laba-laba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oselus_dorsal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oselus_dorsal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Oselus dorsal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oselus_dorsal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sterna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sterna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontrol_genetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontrol_genetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kontrol genetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontrol_genetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mata sederhana (invertebrata)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 23 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="عين بسيطة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عين بسيطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocel_(anatomia)" title="Ocel (anatomia) – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ocel (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkt%C3%B8je" title="Punktøje – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Punktøje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocellus" title="Ocellus – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ocellus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_eye_in_invertebrates" title="Simple eye in invertebrates – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Simple eye in invertebrates" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo_simple" title="Ojo simple – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ojo simple" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چشم ساده در بی‌مهرگان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشم ساده در بی‌مهرگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistesilm%C3%A4" title="Pistesilmä – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pistesilmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocelle_(%C5%93il)" title="Ocelle (œil) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ocelle (œil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollo_simple" title="Ollo simple – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ollo simple" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="עינית (בעלי חיים) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עינית (בעלי חיים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocello" title="Ocello – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ocello" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ഓസെല്ലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസെല്ലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCttoog" title="Lüttoog – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lüttoog" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocellus" title="Ocellus – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ocellus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkt%C3%B8ye" title="Punktøye – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Punktøye" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przyoczko" title="Przyoczko – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przyoczko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocelo" title="Ocelo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ocelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Простые глазки – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Простые глазки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%8Desce" title="Očesce – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Očesce" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkt%C3%B6ga" title="Punktöga – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Punktöga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Просте око в безхребетних – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Просте око в безхребетних" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E7%9C%BC" title="簡眼 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="簡眼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1364287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div 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href="/wiki/Berkas:Polistes_ocelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Polistes_ocelli.jpg/220px-Polistes_ocelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Polistes_ocelli.jpg/330px-Polistes_ocelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Polistes_ocelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Kepala <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polistes (halaman belum tersedia)">Polistes</a></i> dengan dua mata majemuk dan tiga oselus.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebuah <b>mata sederhana</b> (kadang-kadang disebut <b>lubang pigmen</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) mengacu pada jenis bentuk <a href="/wiki/Mata" title="Mata">mata</a> atau pengaturan optik yang berisi lensa tunggal. Sebuah "mata sederhana" yang disebut memiliki perbedaan dengan "<a href="/wiki/Mata_majemuk" title="Mata majemuk">mata majemuk</a>" yang memiliki multi-lensanya, dan sama sekali belum tentu sederhana dalam arti kata biasa. <a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">Mata manusia</a> dan hewan besar, dan <a href="/wiki/Lensa_kamera" class="mw-redirect" title="Lensa kamera">lensa kamera</a> diklasifikasikan sebagai "sederhana" karena dalam kedua kasus lensa tunggal mengumpulkan dan memfokuskan cahaya ke <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>. Banyak <a href="/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga">serangga</a> memiliki mata majemuk yang terdiri dari beberapa lensa (hingga puluhan ribu), masing-masing cahaya fokus ke sejumlah kecil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_retinula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel retinula (halaman belum tersedia)">sel retinula</a>. </p><p>Struktur mata hewan ditentukan oleh lingkungan di mana mereka hidup, dan tugas-tugas perilaku itu harus dipenuhi untuk bertahan hidup. <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> sangat berbeda dalam habitat di mana mereka tinggal, serta persyaratan visual mereka untuk menemukan makanan atau individu sejenis, dan menghindari predator. Akibatnya, berbagai variasi desain mata ditemukan pada arthropoda: mereka memiliki berbagai solusi baru untuk mengatasi masalah penglihatan atau keterbatasan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oselus_atau_bintik_mata">Oselus atau bintik mata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Oselus atau bintik mata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Oselus atau bintik mata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Oselus" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk struktur yang sensitif terhadap cahaya pada <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">dinoflagellata</a>, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oseloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oseloid (halaman belum tersedia)">Oseloid</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Oselasi" beralih ke halaman ini, yang bukan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Osilasi" title="Osilasi">Osilasi</a>.</div> <p>Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Ubur-ubur" title="Ubur-ubur">ubur-ubur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut">bintang laut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Cacing_pipih" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacing pipih">cacing pipih</a> menyandang mata yang paling sederhana, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bintik_pigmen_oselus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bintik pigmen oselus (halaman belum tersedia)">bintik pigmen oselus</a>, memiliki pigmen yang didistribusikan secara acak dan tidak memiliki struktur tambahan seperti <a href="/wiki/Kornea" title="Kornea">kornea</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_(anatomi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa (anatomi) (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa</a>. Oleh karena itu warna matanya jelas dalam hewan-hewan ini yang berwarna merah atau hitam.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">cnidaria</a> lain memiliki mata yang lebih kompleks, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubomedusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubomedusae (halaman belum tersedia)">Cubomedusae</a> yang memiliki retina yang berbeda, lensa, dan kornea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak <a href="/wiki/Siput" title="Siput">siput</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Keong" title="Keong">keong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">gastropoda</a>) juga memiliki oselus, baik di ujung maupun di dasar tentakel. Namun, beberapa gastropoda lain, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strombidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strombidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Strombidae</a>, memiliki mata jauh lebih rumit. Remis raksasa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tridacna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tridacna (halaman belum tersedia)">Tridacna</a>) memiliki oselus yang memungkinkan cahaya untuk menembus mantel mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mata_sederhana_pada_artropoda">Mata sederhana pada artropoda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Mata sederhana pada artropoda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata sederhana pada artropoda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mata_laba-laba">Mata laba-laba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Mata laba-laba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata laba-laba"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Clynotis_severus,_AF_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg/220px-Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg/330px-Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg/440px-Clynotis_severus%2C_AF_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oselus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oselus">Oselus</a> utama pada <a href="/wiki/Laba-laba_peloncat" title="Laba-laba peloncat">laba-laba peloncat</a> ini (sepasang di tengah) sangat tajam. Pasangan "mata sekunder" luar dan pasangan mata sekunder lainnya berada pada sisi dan atas kepalanya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Laba-laba tidak memiliki mata majemuk, tetapi memiliki beberapa pasang mata sederhana dengan masing-masing pasangan diadaptasi untuk tugas spesifik atau banyak tugas. Mata utama dan sekunder pada laba-laba disusun dalam empat atau lebih pasangan. Hanya mata utama yang memiliki retina bergerak. Mata sekunder memiliki reflektor di belakang mata. Bagian peka cahaya dari sel reseptor berada di sebelahnya, sehingga mereka mendapatkan langsung dan memantulkan cahaya. Pada laba-laba pelompat atau berburu, misalnya, sepasang menghadap ke depan memiliki resolusi terbaik (dan bahkan komponen teleskopik) untuk melihat mangsa (sering kali berukuran kecil) pada jarak yang besar. Mata berburu malam laba-laba sangat sensitif pada tingkat cahaya rendah dengan apertur besar, <a href="/wiki/Bukaan_(fotografi)" title="Bukaan (fotografi)">f/</a>0,58.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oselus_dorsal">Oselus dorsal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Oselus dorsal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Oselus dorsal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah "oselus" (jamak oselus) berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> <i><span lang="la"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/oculus" class="extiw" title="wikt:oculus">oculus</a></span></i> (mata), dan secara harfiah berarti "mata kecil". Terdapat dua jenis oselus yang berbeda:<sup id="cite_ref-Bitsch_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bitsch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oselus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsum_(biologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorsum (biologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">dorsal</a> (atau hanya "oselus"), ditemukan di sebagian besar serangga, dan oselus lateral (atau <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sterna">sterna</a>), yang ditemukan pada larva beberapa ordo serangga. Mereka secara struktural dan fungsional sangat berbeda. Mata sederhana pada hewan lain, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">cnidaria</a>, juga dapat disebut sebagai oselus, namun sekali lagi struktur dan anatomi mata ini cukup berbeda dari oselus dorsal pada serangga. </p><p>Oselus dorsal merupakan organ yang sensitif terhadap cahaya, ditemukan pada permukaan dorsal (paling atas) atau permukaan kepala frontal pada kebanyakan serangga, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah">lebah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semut" title="Semut">semut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawon" title="Tawon">tawon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lalat_gergaji" title="Lalat gergaji">lalat gergaji</a>), <a href="/wiki/Diptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Diptera">Diptera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lalat" title="Lalat">lalat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Odonata" title="Odonata">Odonata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capung" title="Capung">capung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capung_jarum" title="Capung jarum">capung jarum</a>) dan <a href="/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belalang" title="Belalang">belalang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belalang_kembara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belalang kembara (halaman belum tersedia)">belalang kembara</a>). Oselus koeksistens dengan mata majemuk, sehingga kebanyakan serangga memiliki dua jalur visual yang secara anatomis terpisah dan secara fungsional berbeda. </p><p>Jumlah, bentuk, dan fungsi oselus dorsal sangat bervariasi di seluruh ordo serangga. Mereka cenderung lebih besar dan lebih kuat pada serangga terbang (terutama lebah, tawon, capung, dan belalang kembara), di mana mereka biasanya ditemukan sebagai triplet. Dua oselus lateral mengarah ke kiri dan kanan kepala masing-masing, sementara oselus tengah (median) mengarah secara frontal. Dalam beberapa serangga terestrial (misalnya beberapa semut dan <a href="/wiki/Kecoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecoa">kecoa</a>), hanya terdapat dua oselus lateral: oselus median tidak ada. "oselus lateral" di sini mengacu pada oselus yang menghadap posisi miring, yang merupakan jenis dorsal. Mereka seharusnya tidak dibingungkan dengan oselus lateral beberapa larva serangga (lihat <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sterna">sterna</a>). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mata_facet_capung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/250px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/375px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/500px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>Mata capung</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebuah oselus dorsal terdiri dari elemen lensa (<a href="/wiki/Kornea" title="Kornea">kornea</a>) dan lapisan fotoreseptor (<a href="/wiki/Sel_batang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel batang">sel batang</a>). Lensa ocelus dapat sangat melengkung (misalnya lebah, belalang, capung) atau datar (misalnya kecoak). Lapisan fotoreseptor mungkin (misalnya belalang) atau mungkin tidak (misalnya lalat, capung) lepas dari lensa dengan zona bening (<a href="/wiki/Badan_bening_(mata)" title="Badan bening (mata)">badan bening</a>). Jumlah fotoreseptor juga bervariasi, tetapi mungkin jumlahnya ratusan atau ribuan untuk oselus yang berkembang dengan baik. </p><p>Dua ciri agak tidak biasa dari oseli yang sangat penting dan umumnya baik dipertahankan di antara ordo serangga. </p> <ol><li>Kekuatan refraksi lensa tidak biasanya cukup untuk membentuk sebuah gambar pada lapisan fotoreseptor.</li> <li>Oselus dorsal seragam memiliki rasio konvergensi besar dari tingkat pertama (fotoreseptor) ke <a href="/wiki/Neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron">neuron</a> tingkat kedua.</li></ol> <p>Kedua faktor telah menyebabkan kesimpulan bahwa oselus dorsal tidak mampu mengetahui bentuk, dan dengan demikian hanya cocok untuk fungsi pengukur cahaya. Mengingat apertur besar dan <a href="/wiki/Bukaan_(fotografi)" title="Bukaan (fotografi)">bilangan <i>f</i></a> lensa rendah, serta rasio konvergensi tinggi dan keuntungan sinaptik, oselus umumnya dianggap jauh lebih sensitif terhadap cahaya daripada mata majemuk. Selain itu, mengingat susunan saraf relatif sederhana dari mata (sejumlah kecil sinapsis antara detektor dan efektor), serta diameter yang sangat besar pada beberapa interneuron oselus (sering kali neuron memiliki diameter terbesar pada sistem saraf hewan), oselus biasanya<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dianggap "lebih cepat" dari mata majemuk. </p><p>Salah satu teori umum fungsi oselar pada serangga terbang menyatakan bahwa mereka digunakan untuk membantu dalam menjaga stabilitas penerbangan. Mengingat sifat terfokus di bawah oselus, bidang pandang lebar, dan kemampuan mengumpulkan cahaya tinggi, oselus yang luar biasa disesuaikan untuk mengukur perubahan dalam kecerahan yang dirasakan dari dunia luar sebagai gulungan dan jalur serangga sekitar sumbu tubuhnya selama penerbangan. Tanggapan penerbangan korektif terhadap cahaya telah ditunjukkan dalam belalang kembara<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan capung<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dalam penerbangan ditambatkan. Teori lain dari fungsi oselus berkisar dari peran sebagai adaptor ringan atau organ rangsang global, sensor polarisasi, dan pengiringarus <a href="/wiki/Ritme_sirkadian" title="Ritme sirkadian">sirkadian</a>. </p><p>Studi terbaru menunjukkan oselus dari beberapa serangga (terutama capung, tetapi juga beberapa tawon) mampu membentuk penglihatan, sebagai lensa oselus membentuk sebuah gambar dalam, atau dekat dengan lapisan fotoreseptor.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrant_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrant-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada capung telah menunjukkan bahwa bidang reseptif dari kedua fotoreseptor<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan neuron tingkat kedua<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cukup dibatasi. Penelitian lebih lanjut telah menunjukkan mata ini tidak hanya menyelesaikan rincian spasial dunia, tetapi juga memahami gerak.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuron tingkat kedua pada oselus median capung merespon lebih kuat untuk bar dan kekisi bergerak ke atas daripada bar dan kekisi bergerak ke bawah, tetapi efek ini hanya ada ketika sinar <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> digunakan dalam stimulus; ketika cahaya ultraviolet tidak ada, tidak ada respon terarah diamati. Oselus capung secara khusus sangat maju dan organ visual khusus, yang dapat mendukung kemampuan akrobatik yang luar biasa dari hewan-hewan ini. </p><p>Penelitian tentang oselus merupakan ketertarikan yang tinggi bagi desainer <a href="/wiki/Pesawat_tanpa_awak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesawat tanpa awak">pesawat tanpa awak</a> kecil. Desainer pesawat tanpa awak ini menghadapi banyak tantangan yang sama bahwa serangga menghadapinya dalam menjaga stabilitas dalam dunia tiga dimensi. Insinyur semakin mengambil inspirasi dari serangga untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sterna">Sterna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sterna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sterna"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sterna (juga disebut sebagai oselus lateral) adalah satu-satunya mata larva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holometabola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holometabola (halaman belum tersedia)">holometabola</a> dan spesies dewasa tertentu pada beberapa ordo serangga (<a href="/wiki/Pinjal" title="Pinjal">pinjal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collembola" title="Collembola">Collembola</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Thysanura" title="Thysanura">Thysanura</a>. <a href="/wiki/Strepsiptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Strepsiptera">Strepsiptera</a> memiliki gugus mata sederhana). Di balik setiap lensa terletak satu gugus dari sel fotoreseptor, disebut retinula. Lensa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_(optik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa (optik) (halaman belum tersedia)">bikonveks</a>, dan tubuh berisi inti bening atau kristal. Mereka mungkin mewakili mata majemuk yang disederhanakan (sterna adalah mata sederhana), tercermin dari posisi lateral mereka di kepala. Jenis mata ini dimiliki oleh <a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">myriapoda</a> dan beberapa larva serangga.<sup id="cite_ref-Bitsch_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bitsch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontrol_genetik">Kontrol genetik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Kontrol genetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kontrol genetik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejumlah jalur genetik yang bertanggung jawab atas keberadaan dan posisi oselus tersebut. Gen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortodentikula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortodentikula (halaman belum tersedia)">ortodentikula</a> merupakan alel untuk tidak adanya oselus, sebuah mutasi yang memberhentikan pembentukan oselus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila" title="Drosophila">Drosophila</a></i>, hanya rodopsin Rh2 yang dinyatakan dalam mata sederhana.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sementara (setidaknya pada <i>Drosophila</i>) gen tanpa mata dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dachshund_(gen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dachshund (gen) (halaman belum tersedia)">dachshund</a></i> keduanya dinyatakan dalam mata majemuk tetapi tidak pada mata sederhana, tidak ada laporan 'perkembangan' gen unik dinyatakan dalam mata sederhana.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedrich2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedrich2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Faktor pertumbuhan reseptor epidermal (<i>Egfr</i>) mendorong ekspresi ortodentikula [dan mungkin gen tanpa mata (<i>Eya</i>)] dan karena itu sangat penting untuk pembentukan mata sederhana.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedrich2006_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedrich2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_arthropoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata arthropoda (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata arthropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Evolusi mata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparatus_bintik_mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparatus bintik mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Aparatus bintik mata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_moluska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata moluska (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata moluska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_parietal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata parietal (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata parietal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oseloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oseloid (halaman belum tersedia)">Oseloid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">O'Connor M, Nilsson DE, Garm A (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Physiol</i>. <b>196</b> (3): 213–20. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00359-010-0506-8">10.1007/s00359-010-0506-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825319">2825319</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20131056">20131056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Comp.+Physiol.+A+Neuroethol.+Sens.+Neural.+Behav.+Physiol.&rft.atitle=Temporal+properties+of+the+lens+eyes+of+the+box+jellyfish+Tripedalia+cystophora&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=213-20&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2825319&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20131056&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00359-010-0506-8&rft.au=O%27Connor+M%2C+Nilsson+DE%2C+Garm+A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2825319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Eye (invertebrate)". <i>McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology</i>. <b>6</b>. 2007. hlm. 790.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eye+%28invertebrate%29&rft.btitle=McGraw-Hill+Encyclopedia+of+Science+%26+Technology&rft.pages=790&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Vicki J. 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Behavioural analysis"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>93</b> (1): 1–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+compound+eyes+and+ocelli+to+steering+of+locusts+in+flight%3A+I.+Behavioural+analysis&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Charles+P.+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F93%2F1%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gert Stange & Jonathon Howard (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/351">"An ocellar dorsal light response in a dragonfly"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Experimental_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Experimental Biology (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of Experimental Biology</a></i>. <b>83</b> (1): 351–355.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=An+ocellar+dorsal+light+response+in+a+dragonfly&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=351-355&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Gert+Stange+%26+Jonathon+Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F83%2F1%2F351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warrant-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warrant_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Eric J. Warrant, Almut Kelber, Rita Wallén & William T. Wcislo (December 2006). "Ocellar optics in nocturnal and diurnal bees and wasps". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthropod_Structure_%26_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthropod Structure & Development (halaman belum tersedia)">Arthropod Structure & Development</a></i>. <b>35</b> (4): 293–305. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.asd.2006.08.012">10.1016/j.asd.2006.08.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089077">18089077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthropod+Structure+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Ocellar+optics+in+nocturnal+and+diurnal+bees+and+wasps&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=293-305&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.asd.2006.08.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18089077&rft.au=Eric+J.+Warrant%2C+Almut+Kelber%2C+Rita+Wall%C3%A9n+%26+William+T.+Wcislo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Richard P. Berry, Gert Stange & Eric J. Warrant (May 2007). "Form vision in the insect dorsal ocelli: an anatomical and optical analysis of the dragonfly median ocellus". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vision_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vision Research (halaman belum tersedia)">Vision Research</a></i>. <b>47</b> (10): 1394–1409. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.visres.2007.01.019">10.1016/j.visres.2007.01.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17368709">17368709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vision+Research&rft.atitle=Form+vision+in+the+insect+dorsal+ocelli%3A+an+anatomical+and+optical+analysis+of+the+dragonfly+median+ocellus&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1394-1409&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.visres.2007.01.019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17368709&rft.au=Richard+P.+Berry%2C+Gert+Stange+%26+Eric+J.+Warrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Joshua van Kleef, Andrew Charles James & Gert Stange (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266605">"A spatiotemporal white noise analysis of photoreceptor responses to UV and green light in the dragonfly median ocellus"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_General_Physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of General Physiology (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of General Physiology</a></i>. <b>126</b> (5): 481–497. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1085%2Fjgp.200509319">10.1085/jgp.200509319</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266605">2266605</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260838">16260838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+General+Physiology&rft.atitle=A+spatiotemporal+white+noise+analysis+of+photoreceptor+responses+to+UV+and+green+light+in+the+dragonfly+median+ocellus&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=481-497&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2266605&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16260838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1085%2Fjgp.200509319&rft.au=Joshua+van+Kleef%2C+Andrew+Charles+James+%26+Gert+Stange&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2266605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Richard Berry, Joshua van Kleef & Gert Stange (May 2007). "The mapping of visual space by dragonfly lateral ocelli". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Comparative_Physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Comparative Physiology (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of Comparative Physiology</a> A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology</i>. <b>193</b> (5): 495–513. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00359-006-0204-8">10.1007/s00359-006-0204-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17273849">17273849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Physiology+A%3A+Neuroethology%2C+Sensory%2C+Neural%2C+and+Behavioral+Physiology&rft.atitle=The+mapping+of+visual+space+by+dragonfly+lateral+ocelli&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=495-513&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00359-006-0204-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17273849&rft.au=Richard+Berry%2C+Joshua+van+Kleef+%26+Gert+Stange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Joshua van Kleef, Richard Berry & Gert Stange (March 2008). "Directional selectivity in the simple eye of an insect". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Journal_of_Neuroscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Journal of Neuroscience (halaman belum tersedia)">The Journal of Neuroscience</a></i>. <b>28</b> (11): 2845–2855. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5556-07.2008">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5556-07.2008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337415">18337415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Directional+selectivity+in+the+simple+eye+of+an+insect&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2845-2855&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5556-07.2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18337415&rft.au=Joshua+van+Kleef%2C+Richard+Berry+%26+Gert+Stange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Gert Stange, R. Berry & J. van Kleef (September 2007). <i>Design concepts for a novel attitude sensor for Micro Air Vehicles, based on dragonfly ocellar vision</i>. 3rd US-European Competition and Workshop on Micro Air Vehicle Systems (MAV07) & European Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Flight Competition (EMAV2007). <b>1</b>. hlm. 17–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Design+concepts+for+a+novel+attitude+sensor+for+Micro+Air+Vehicles%2C+based+on+dragonfly+ocellar+vision&rft.pages=17-21&rft.date=2007-09&rft.au=Gert+Stange%2C+R.+Berry+%26+J.+van+Kleef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">R. Finkelstein, D. Smouse, T. M. Capaci, A. C. Spradling & <a href="/w/index.php?title=N_Perrimon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N Perrimon (halaman belum tersedia)">N Perrimon</a> (1990). "The orthodenticle gene encodes a novel homeo domain protein involved in the development of the <i>Drosophila</i> nervous system and ocellar visual structures". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genes_%26_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genes & Development (halaman belum tersedia)">Genes & Development</a></i>. <b>4</b>: 1516–1527. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.4.9.1516">10.1101/gad.4.9.1516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=The+orthodenticle+gene+encodes+a+novel+homeo+domain+protein+involved+in+the+development+of+the+Drosophila+nervous+system+and+ocellar+visual+structures&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=1516-1527&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.4.9.1516&rft.au=R.+Finkelstein%2C+D.+Smouse%2C+T.+M.+Capaci%2C+A.+C.+Spradling+%26+N+Perrimon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Adriana D. Briscoe & Lars Chittka (2001). "The evolution of color vision in insects". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annual_Review_of_Entomology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annual Review of Entomology (halaman belum tersedia)">Annual Review of Entomology</a></i>. <b>46</b>: 471–510. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.ento.46.1.471">10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.471</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11112177">11112177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+color+vision+in+insects&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=471-510&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.ento.46.1.471&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11112177&rft.au=Adriana+D.+Briscoe+%26+Lars+Chittka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedrich2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedrich2006_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedrich2006_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Markus Friedrich (2006). "Ancient mechanisms of visual sense organ development based on comparison of the gene networks controlling larval eye, ocellus, and compound eye specification in <i>Drosophila</i>". <i>Arthropod Structure & Development</i>. <b>35</b> (4): 357–378. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.asd.2006.08.010">10.1016/j.asd.2006.08.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089081">18089081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthropod+Structure+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Ancient+mechanisms+of+visual+sense+organ+development+based+on+comparison+of+the+gene+networks+controlling+larval+eye%2C+ocellus%2C+and+compound+eye+specification+in+Drosophila&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=357-378&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.asd.2006.08.010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18089081&rft.au=Markus+Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Warrant, Eric; Nilsson, Dan-Eric (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521830881&ss=fro"><i>Invertebrate Vision</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-83088-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-83088-1">978-0-521-83088-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invertebrate+Vision&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83088-1&rft.aulast=Warrant&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Nilsson%2C+Dan-Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcatalogue%2Fcatalogue.asp%3Fisbn%3D9780521830881%26ss%3Dfro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata+sederhana+%28invertebrata%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John R. Meyer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/photo.html">Fotoreseptor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716084622/http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/photo.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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