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Information from its <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.png" class="extiw" title="commons:File:All palaeotemps.png">description page there</a></b> is shown below.<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Welcome">You can help</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="shared-image-desc"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="hproduct commons-file-information-table"> <table class="fileinfotpl-type-information vevent" dir="ltr"> <tbody><tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_desc" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Description<span class="summary fn" style="display:none">All palaeotemps.png</span></td> <td class="description"> <div class="description en" dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="language en" title="English"><b>English: </b></span> Global average temperature graph estimates for the last 540 My</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_src" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Source</td> <td> <span class="int-own-work" lang="en">Own work</span>; data sources are cited <a href="#Data">below</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_aut" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Author</td> <td> <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" title="User:Glen Fergus">Glen Fergus</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_ver" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Other versions</td> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="svg version"><img alt="svg version" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/All_palaeotemps.svg/120px-All_palaeotemps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/All_palaeotemps.svg/180px-All_palaeotemps.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/All_palaeotemps.svg/240px-All_palaeotemps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="513"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">svg version</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Version française (svg)"><img alt="Version française (svg)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg/120px-Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg/180px-Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg/240px-Pal%C3%A9otemp%C3%A9ratures.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="513"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Version française (svg)</div> </li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="layouttemplate" style="clear:both;" dir="ltr"> <table style="width:100%; margin:0.5em auto; border-spacing:8px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f7fff8); color: inherit;border: 2px solid var(--border-color-progressive--focus,#55b480)"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg/70px-Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg/105px-Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg/140px-Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </td> <td><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.svg" title="File:All palaeotemps.svg">File:All palaeotemps.svg</a> is a vector version of this file. 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srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/All_palaeotemps.svg/225px-All_palaeotemps.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/All_palaeotemps.svg/300px-All_palaeotemps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="513"></a></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="layouttemplateargs" style="display:none;speak:none;" title="template=Vector+version+available 1%3DAll+palaeotemps.svg 2%3D 3%3D"> </span> </p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Time_scale"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Time scale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Temperature_scale"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Temperature scale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Data"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Data</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Panel_1:_540_to_65_million_years_ago"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Panel 1: 540 to 65 million years ago</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Panel_2:_65_to_5.3_million_years_ago"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Panel 2: 65 to 5.3 million years ago</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Panel_3:_5.3_to_1_million_years_ago"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Panel 3: 5.3 to 1 million years ago</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Panel_4:_1_million_to_20,000_years_ago"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Panel 4: 1 million to 20,000 years ago</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Panel_5:_20,000_years_ago_to_present_(2015)"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Panel 5: 20,000 years ago to present (2015)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Open_source"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Open source</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Licensing"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Licensing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2></div> <p>This shows estimates of earth's global average surface air temperature over the ~540 My of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Phanerozoic" class="extiw" title="w:en:Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a> Eon, since the first major proliferation of complex life forms on our planet. A substantial achievement of the last 30 years of climate science has been the production of a large set of actual measurements of temperature history (from physical proxies), replacing much of the earlier geological induction (i.e. informed guesses). The graph shows selected proxy temperature estimates, which are detailed below. </p><p>Because many proxy temperature reconstructions indicate local, not global, temperature -- or ocean, not air, temperature -- substantial approximation may be involved in deriving these global temperature estimates. As a result, the <i>relativities</i> of some of the plotted estimates are approximate, particularly the early ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_scale">Time scale</h2></div> <p>Time is plotted forward to the present, taken as 2015 CE. It joins five separate linearly scaled segments, expanding by about an order of magnitude at each vertical break. The breaks are not evenly distributed; rather they are positioned at geologically relevant times, which might be misleading since the break in the last interglacial makes it seem much longer: </p> <ul><li>At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Mesozoic" class="extiw" title="w:en:Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Cenozoic" class="extiw" title="w:en:Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> boundary, ~65 My ago. This is the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:K-T" class="extiw" title="w:en:K-T">K-T</a>" boundary (now called "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event" class="extiw" title="w:en:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event">Cretaceous–Paleogene</a>"), at which the dinosaurs became extinct.</li> <li>At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Miocene" class="extiw" title="w:en:Miocene">Miocene</a> – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Pliocene" class="extiw" title="w:en:Pliocene">Pliocene</a> boundary, ~5.3 My ago.</li> <li>One million years ago, near the onset of the current, 100,000 year-dominated, glaciation cycle (previous glaciations were shorter).</li> <li>Near the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:last_glacial_maximum" class="extiw" title="w:en:last glacial maximum">last glacial maximum</a>, 20,000 years ago.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperature_scale">Temperature scale</h2></div> <p>Surface air temperature is plotted as anomalies (differences) from the average over the reference interval 1960–1990 (which is about 14°C / 57°F), in both Celsius (left) and Fahrenheit (right). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data">Data</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_1:_540_to_65_million_years_ago">Panel 1: 540 to 65 million years ago</h3></div> <p>The panel 1 data is from stable oxygen isotope measurements from the shells of macroscopic marine organisms, collected by Veizer et al (1999),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as re-interpreted by Royer et al (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-Royer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The graph effectively reproduces the upper panel of Royer et al's figure 4, but with an expanded range (see below). The orange band shows the effect of extreme assumptions in application of the GEOCARB reconstruction to interpretation, and is not representative of the full uncertainly (which would be much larger). </p><p>Because the Royer and Veizer results are indicative of the temperature of the shallow tropical and subtropical seas where the organisms lived,<sup id="cite_ref-Royer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are unlikely to be fully representative of global average surface air temperature variation. The anomalies are plotted here expanded by a factor of two, as a very approximate conversion. Multiple confounding factors affect interpretation of samples this old, so panel 1 is best viewed as a qualitative indication of temperature (warmer/colder).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_2:_65_to_5.3_million_years_ago">Panel 2: 65 to 5.3 million years ago</h3></div> <p>This data is from the Hansen et al (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interpretation of the global collection of oxygen isotope data from microscopic marine organisms of Zachos et al (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is a direct estimate of global average <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" class="extiw" title="en:Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperature</a>, a close analogue of surface air temperature. Hansen et al describe it as a "first estimate", meaning an approximate one, but limited independent corroboration (e.g. Zachos et al (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the Eocene optimum) indicates that it is substantially more quantitative than panel 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_3:_5.3_to_1_million_years_ago">Panel 3: 5.3 to 1 million years ago</h3></div> <p>This data is from the Lisiecki and Raymo (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> global stack of oxygen isotope data from microscopic marine organisms interpreted using the Hansen et al (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prescription. </p><p>At this scale, the Zachos et al stack (which also covers this interval) is virtually indistinguishable from the Lisiecki and Raymo stack. This is a direct estimate of global average sea surface temperature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_4:_1_million_to_20,000_years_ago"><span id="Panel_4:_1_million_to_20.2C000_years_ago"></span>Panel 4: 1 million to 20,000 years ago</h3></div> <p>Two datasets are plotted: </p> <ol><li>Lisiecki and Raymo, as in panel 3.</li> <li>Temperature estimates from stable hydrogen isotope measurements from the EPICA Dome C ice core from central Antarctica<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These temperature anomaly estimates are polar, not global, and are here divided by a standard polar amplification factor (2.0, as for example in Hansen et al (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to approximately convert them to global estimates.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_5:_20,000_years_ago_to_present_(2015)"><span id="Panel_5:_20.2C000_years_ago_to_present_.282015.29"></span>Panel 5: 20,000 years ago to present (2015)</h3></div> <p>Five datasets are plotted: </p> <ol><li>EPICA Dome C, as in panel 4.</li> <li>Temperature estimates from oxygen isotope measurements on the north Greenland ice core, NGRIP,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interpreted using the simple procedure of Johnsen et al (1989).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (There are more modern and complex procedures which would yield slightly different interpretations.) Like the EPICA Dome C record, this record is polar, and is shown divided by a polar amplification factor of 2.0. The difference between this and dataset 1. illustrates the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Polar_see-saw" class="extiw" title="w:en:Polar see-saw">polar sea-saw</a> hypothesis.</li> <li>Global temperature estimates over the ~12,000 years of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Holocene" class="extiw" title="w:en:Holocene">Holocene</a> from the multi-proxy collection and interpretation of Marcott et al (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Instrumental (not proxy) data since 1850 from the Berkeley Earth project land-ocean dataset (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plotted as decadal means.</li> <li>Projected temperatures for 2050 and 2100 from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:IPCC_fifth_assessment_report" class="extiw" title="w:en:IPCC fifth assessment report">IPCC Fifth Assessment Report's</a> WG1 Summary for Policy Makers (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the RCP8.5 scenario.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_source">Open source</h2></div> <p>The Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that produced this image is available here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gergs.net/all_palaeotemps-2/">All_palaeotemps.xlsx</a>. Retrieved on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-05-03">3 May 2014</span>.. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., Bruhn, F., Carden, G.A.F., Diener, A., Ebneth, S., Godderis, Y., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Pawellek, F., Podlaha, O. and Strauss, H. (1999) 87Sr/86Sr, d13C and d18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Chemical Geology 161, 59-88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Royer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royer, Dana L. and Robert A. Berner, Isabel P. Montañez, Neil J. Tabor, David J. Beerling (2004) CO<sub>2</sub> as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate <i>GSA Today</i> July 2004, volume 14, number 3, pages 4-10, <bdi><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F1052-5173%282004%29014%3C4%3ACAAPDO%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:CAAPDO>2.0.CO;2</a></bdi></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royer, Dana (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-03-23">23 March 2014</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2014/03/can-we-make-better-graphs-of-global-temperature-history/comment-page-3/#comment-475024/">Dana Royer comment at RealClimate</a>. <i>RealClimate</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, J., Mki. Sato, G. Russell, and P. Kharecha, 2013: Climate sensitivity, sea level, and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 371, 20120294. <bdi><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.2012.0294">10.1098/rsta.2012.0294</a></bdi></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachos JC, Dickens GR, Zeebe RE. 2008 An Early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451, 279–283. <bdi><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06588">10.1038/nature06588</a></bdi></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachos, J. C., Schouten, S., Bohaty, S., Quattlebaum, T., Sluijs, A., Brinkhuis, H., Gibbs, S. & Bralower, T. J. (2006). Extreme warming of mid-latitude coastal ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Inferences from TEX86 and isotope data. Geology, 34(9), 737-740.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisiecki, L. E., & Raymo, M. E. (2005). A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records. Paleoceanography, 20(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisiecki, L. E.; Raymo, M. E. (May 2005). Correction to "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records". Paleoceanography: PA2007. <bdi><span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">doi</a></span>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2005PA001164">10.1029/2005PA001164</a></bdi></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., ... & Wolff, E. W. (2007). EPICA Dome C ice core 800kyr deuterium data and temperature estimates. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology data contribution series, 91, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andersen, K. K., Azuma, N., Barnola, J. M., Bigler, M., Biscaye, P., Caillon, N., ... & White, J. W. C. (2004). High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature, 431(7005), 147-151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnsen, S. J., Dansgaard, W., & White, J. W. C. (1989). The origin of Arctic precipitation under present and glacial conditions. Tellus B, 41(4), 452-468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcott, S. A., Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., & Mix, A. C. (2013). A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years. Science, 339(6124), 1198-1201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berkeleyearth.org/land-and-ocean-data">Berkeley Earth land-ocean dataset (2014)</a>. Retrieved on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-03-21">21 March 2014</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate2013.org/spm">IPCC Fifth Assessment Report WG1 Summary for Policy Makers (2013)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_monthly_temperature_record.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Global monthly land-ocean temperature estimates since 1850"><img alt="Global monthly land-ocean temperature estimates since 1850" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Global_monthly_temperature_record.png/250px-Global_monthly_temperature_record.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Global_monthly_temperature_record.png/375px-Global_monthly_temperature_record.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Global_monthly_temperature_record.png/500px-Global_monthly_temperature_record.png 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="640"></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r890281695">.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc{clear:both;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center;margin:0.5em auto;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f9f9f9);border-width:2px;border-style:solid;border-top-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-right-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-bottom-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-left-color:var(--border-color-subtle,#e0e0e0);border-spacing:8px;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc div{margin:4px}.mw-parser-output .rlicense-text div{margin:0.5em auto}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .responsive-license-cc{flex-flow:column}.mw-parser-output .rlicense-text{order:1}}</style><div class="responsive-license-cc layouttemplate licensetpl" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="rlicense-icons"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="w:en:Creative Commons"><img alt="w:en:Creative Commons" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/135px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/180px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="300"></span></span><br> <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="attribution"><img alt="attribution" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/36px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/48px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span> <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="share alike"><img alt="share alike" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/24px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/36px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/48px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="rlicense-text"><div class="rlicense-declaration">This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by-sa/3.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported</a> license.</div><div class="rlicense-desc" style="text-align:start;" lang="en"> <dl><dd>You are free: <ul><li><b>to share</b> – to copy, distribute and transmit the work</li> <li><b>to remix</b> – to adapt the work</li></ul></dd> <dd>Under the following conditions: <ul><li><b>attribution</b> – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. 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of file"}}},"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"item\",\"numeric-id\":66458942,\"id\":\"Q66458942\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P7482":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/Q66458942\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q66458942\">original creation by uploader<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P7482":"original creation by uploader"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P7482 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P7482" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P7482">source of file</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$2F9C6C92-9DC8-45F2-87A8-2D55E53C6EBF" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q66458942" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q66458942">original creation by uploader</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P1163" data-property="P1163" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1163","hash":"05f29b63ed31c1ce2d414b312392a6628b5eabed","datavalue":{"value":"image\/png","type":"string"}},"type":"statement","id":"M1240577$83D05266-4800-4DE9-A3F0-A19009A650CB","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":1163,\"id\":\"P1163\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P1163\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P1163\">media type<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"media type"}}},"{\"value\":\"image\\\/png\",\"type\":\"string\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P1163":"image\/png"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P1163":"image\/png"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P1163 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P1163" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P1163">media type</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$83D05266-4800-4DE9-A3F0-A19009A650CB" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>image/png</bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P4092" data-property="P4092" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P4092","hash":"f4435dd46ef917343635ffeca8302db78e9afdcd","datavalue":{"value":"97f9c9f05eb608693ef3973038b8971ca1cef586","type":"string"}},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P459":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P459","hash":"75dff03c151b13fbab93742164121c16a6aa0de1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":13414952,"id":"Q13414952"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"}}]},"qualifiers-order":["P459"],"id":"M1240577$12A6D48D-3F43-433B-B9BA-4DF12C6A65E8","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":4092,\"id\":\"P4092\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P4092\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P4092\">checksum<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"checksum"}}},"{\"value\":\"97f9c9f05eb608693ef3973038b8971ca1cef586\",\"type\":\"string\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P4092":"97f9c9f05eb608693ef3973038b8971ca1cef586"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P4092":"97f9c9f05eb608693ef3973038b8971ca1cef586"}}},"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":459,\"id\":\"P459\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P459\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P459\">determination method or standard<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"determination method or standard"}}},"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"item\",\"numeric-id\":13414952,\"id\":\"Q13414952\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P459":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/Q13414952\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q13414952\">SHA-1<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P459":"SHA-1"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P4092 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P4092" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P4092">checksum</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$12A6D48D-3F43-433B-B9BA-4DF12C6A65E8" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>97f9c9f05eb608693ef3973038b8971ca1cef586</bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-item-qualifiers"><div class="wbmi-snaklist-container"><div class="wbmi-snaklist-content"><div class="wbmi-snak"><div class="wbmi-snak-value"><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P459" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P459">determination method or standard</a><span class="wbmi-snak-value-separator">: </span><span class="wbmi-snak-value--value"><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q13414952" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13414952">SHA-1</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P3575" data-property="P3575" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P3575","hash":"744b5d87ed622949e08871045ef878309046a86a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+92640","unit":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8799"},"type":"quantity"}},"type":"statement","id":"M1240577$F981C29D-F5A5-46B6-8F2E-FEC513B5368A","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":3575,\"id\":\"P3575\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P3575\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P3575\">data size<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"data size"}}},"{\"value\":{\"amount\":\"+92640\",\"unit\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/entity\\\/Q8799\"},\"type\":\"quantity\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P3575":"92,640 <span class=\"wb-unit\">byte<\/span>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P3575":"92,640 byte"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P3575 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P3575" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P3575">data size</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$F981C29D-F5A5-46B6-8F2E-FEC513B5368A" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>92,640 <span class="wb-unit">byte</span></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P2048" data-property="P2048" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P2048","hash":"99116f7eaf340fb49531cadcc023505ad7dba10e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+565","unit":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q355198"},"type":"quantity"}},"type":"statement","id":"M1240577$5FD5B301-757C-4BA0-96DB-4C4E2D339B86","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":2048,\"id\":\"P2048\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P2048\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P2048\">height<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"height"}}},"{\"value\":{\"amount\":\"+565\",\"unit\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/entity\\\/Q355198\"},\"type\":\"quantity\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P2048":"565 <span class=\"wb-unit\">pixel<\/span>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P2048":"565 pixel"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P2048 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P2048" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P2048">height</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$5FD5B301-757C-4BA0-96DB-4C4E2D339B86" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>565 <span class="wb-unit">pixel</span></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="P2049" data-property="P2049" data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P2049","hash":"0dc9fe62d08964a25ef40f68e0582de97124fd00","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+1753","unit":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q355198"},"type":"quantity"}},"type":"statement","id":"M1240577$7DF55378-A6D5-4114-8687-90B19C71932F","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":2049,\"id\":\"P2049\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P2049\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P2049\">width<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"width"}}},"{\"value\":{\"amount\":\"+1753\",\"unit\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/entity\\\/Q355198\"},\"type\":\"quantity\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P2049":"1,753 <span class=\"wb-unit\">pixel<\/span>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"P2049":"1,753 pixel"}}}}" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P2049 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P2049" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P2049">width</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M1240577$7DF55378-A6D5-4114-8687-90B19C71932F" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>1,753 <span class="wb-unit">pixel</span></bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></mediainfoviewstatements></mediainfoview>    </div></div> <h2 id="filehistory">File history</h2> <div id="mw-imagepage-section-filehistory"> <p>Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. </p><div class="mw-pager-navigation-bar">(<span class="mw-firstlink">newest</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&dir=prev" class="mw-lastlink">oldest</a>) View (<span class="mw-prevlink">newer 10</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=20070206071301" rel="next" class="mw-nextlink">older 10</a>) (<span class="mw-numlink">10</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=20" class="mw-numlink">20</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=50" class="mw-numlink">50</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=100" class="mw-numlink">100</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=250" class="mw-numlink">250</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=500" class="mw-numlink">500</a>)</div> <table class="wikitable filehistory"> <tr><th></th><th>Date/Time</th><th>Thumbnail</th><th>Dimensions</th><th>User</th><th>Comment</th></tr> <tr><td>current</td><td class="filehistory-selected" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png">04:41, 3 April 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 04:41, 3 April 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="39" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="565" /></a></td><td>1,753 × 565 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(90 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">=SVG version</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140403044058%21All_palaeotemps.png">23:17, 21 March 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140403044058%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 23:17, 21 March 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140403044058%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="39" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="567" /></a></td><td>1,754 × 567 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(92 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Updated for SVG version</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321231758%21All_palaeotemps.png">09:20, 21 March 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321231758%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 09:20, 21 March 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140321231758%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="39" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="567" /></a></td><td>1,753 × 567 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(93 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Gergyl" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Gergyl"><bdi>Gergyl</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">+ Anthropocene</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321092026%21All_palaeotemps.png">04:45, 21 March 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321092026%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 04:45, 21 March 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140321092026%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="39" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="567" /></a></td><td>1,752 × 567 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(92 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Fix panel 5 axis ticks</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321044534%21All_palaeotemps.png">03:35, 21 March 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321044534%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 03:35, 21 March 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140321044534%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="38" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="567" /></a></td><td>1,768 × 567 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(89 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Fix border</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321033536%21All_palaeotemps.png">02:20, 21 March 2014</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321033536%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 02:20, 21 March 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140321033536%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="38" data-file-width="1742" data-file-height="547" /></a></td><td>1,742 × 547 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(90 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Improved graphics; incorporate more recent data.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321022031%21All_palaeotemps.png">10:00, 1 January 2008</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20140321022031%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 10:00, 1 January 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20140321022031%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="54" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1067" /></a></td><td>2,385 × 1,067 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(329 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">{{Information |Description= |Source= |Date= |Author= |Permission= |other_versions= }} </td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20080101100028%21All_palaeotemps.png">08:18, 12 November 2007</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20080101100028%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 08:18, 12 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20080101100028%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="54" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1067" /></a></td><td>2,385 × 1,067 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(327 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20071112081814%21All_palaeotemps.png">07:51, 6 February 2007</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20071112081814%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 07:51, 6 February 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20071112081814%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="54" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1067" /></a></td><td>2,385 × 1,067 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(324 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20070206075102%21All_palaeotemps.png">07:13, 6 February 2007</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/f/f5/20070206075102%21All_palaeotemps.png"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 07:13, 6 February 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/f/f5/20070206075102%21All_palaeotemps.png/120px-All_palaeotemps.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="54" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1067" /></a></td><td>2,385 × 1,067 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(316 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Glen_Fergus" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Glen Fergus"><bdi>Glen Fergus</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr"></td></tr> </table> <div class="mw-pager-navigation-bar">(<span class="mw-firstlink">newest</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&dir=prev" class="mw-lastlink">oldest</a>) View (<span class="mw-prevlink">newer 10</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=20070206071301" rel="next" class="mw-nextlink">older 10</a>) (<span class="mw-numlink">10</span> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=20" class="mw-numlink">20</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=50" class="mw-numlink">50</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=100" class="mw-numlink">100</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=250" class="mw-numlink">250</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=File:All_palaeotemps.png&offset=&limit=500" class="mw-numlink">500</a>)</div> </div> <h2 id="filelinks">File usage</h2> <div id='mw-imagepage-section-linkstoimage'> <p>The following 9 pages use this file: </p><ul class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage"> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous_Thermal_Maximum" title="Cretaceous Thermal Maximum">Cretaceous Thermal Maximum</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Gaia_hypothesis" title="Gaia hypothesis">Gaia hypothesis</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Colorado" title="Prehistory of Colorado">Prehistory of Colorado</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_West_Virginia" title="Prehistory of West Virginia">Prehistory of West Virginia</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns1"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Climate_change/Archive_67" title="Talk:Climate change/Archive 67">Talk:Climate change/Archive 67</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns1"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Geologic_temperature_record" title="Talk:Geologic temperature record">Talk:Geologic temperature record</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns3"><a href="/wiki/User_talk:HarmonicSeries" title="User talk:HarmonicSeries">User talk:HarmonicSeries</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Science/2009_September_17" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2009 September 17">Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2009 September 17</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Science/2017_June_19" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2017 June 19">Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2017 June 19</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="globalusage">Global file usage</h2> <div id="mw-imagepage-section-globalusage"><p>The following other wikis use this file: </p><ul> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-als_wikipedia_org'>Usage on als.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie">Meteorologie</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-ar_wikipedia_org'>Usage on ar.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85">علم المناخ القديم</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-bh_wikipedia_org'>Usage on bh.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8">पुरा-जलवायुबिज्ञान</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-bs_wikipedia_org'>Usage on bs.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija">Paleoklimatologija</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligocen">Oligocen</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-ca_wikipedia_org'>Usage on ca.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0xim_t%C3%A8rmic_del_Cretaci">Màxim tèrmic del Cretaci</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-cs_wikipedia_org'>Usage on cs.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doba_ledov%C3%A1">Doba ledová</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologie">Paleoklimatologie</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_data">Proxy data</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-de_wikipedia_org'>Usage on de.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terti%C3%A4r">Tertiär</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:Klimaschutz/Archiv">Diskussion:Klimaschutz/Archiv</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-en_wikivoyage_org'>Usage on en.wikivoyage.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage_talk:Joke_articles/Time_travel">Wikivoyage talk:Joke articles/Time travel</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-es_wikipedia_org'>Usage on es.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatolog%C3%ADa">Paleoclimatología</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-eu_wikipedia_org'>Usage on eu.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologia">Paleoklimatologia</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-fi_wikipedia_org'>Usage on fi.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologia">Paleoklimatologia</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanerotsooinen_eoni">Fanerotsooinen eoni</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-frr_wikipedia_org'>Usage on frr.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanerozoikum">Phanerozoikum</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-gl_wikipedia_org'>Usage on gl.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatolox%C3%ADa">Paleoclimatoloxía</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-hr_wikipedia_org'>Usage on hr.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija">Paleoklimatologija</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-hu_wikipedia_org'>Usage on hu.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ghajlat">Éghajlat</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon">Karbon</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-hy_wikipedia_org'>Usage on hy.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6">Անթրոպոգենեզ</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-it_wikipedia_org'>Usage on it.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligocene">Oligocene</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-la_wikipedia_org'>Usage on la.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calefactio_globalis">Calefactio globalis</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-mk_wikipedia_org'>Usage on mk.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD">Олигоцен</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-nl_wikipedia_org'>Usage on nl.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatverandering">Klimaatverandering</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebruiker:Eg-T2g/Kladblok">Gebruiker:Eg-T2g/Kladblok</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebruiker:Twanmans/Klimaatverandering_(algemeen)">Gebruiker:Twanmans/Klimaatverandering (algemeen)</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-nn_wikipedia_org'>Usage on nn.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligocen">Oligocen</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-ru_wikipedia_org'>Usage on ru.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7">Антропогенез</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F">Палеоклиматология</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC">Климатический оптимум</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0">Обсуждение:Пролив Дрейка</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-sh_wikipedia_org'>Usage on sh.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatologija">Paleoklimatologija</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-simple_wikipedia_org'>Usage on simple.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeoclimatology">Palaeoclimatology</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-uk_wikipedia_org'>Usage on uk.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F">Палеокліматологія</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-war_wikipedia_org'>Usage on war.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoklimatolohiya">Paleoklimatolohiya</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-wa_wikipedia_org'>Usage on wa.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trev%C3%A9ns_t%C3%AE%C3%A7reces">Trevéns tîçreces</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-zh-min-nan_wikipedia_org'>Usage on zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-kh%C3%AC-h%C4%81u-ha%CC%8Dk">Kó͘-khì-hāu-ha̍k</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-zh_wikipedia_org'>Usage on zh.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96">漸新世</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8">古氣候學</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Peacearth/sandbox_temp">User:Peacearth/sandbox temp</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div><h2 id="metadata">Metadata</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-imagepage-section-metadata" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. </p><p> If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.</p><table id="mw_metadata" class="mw_metadata collapsed"> <tbody><tr class="exif-xresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Horizontal resolution</th><td>28.34 dpc</td></tr><tr class="exif-yresolution mw-metadata-collapsible"><th>Vertical resolution</th><td>28.34 dpc</td></tr></tbody></table> </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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